JPH09215390A - Power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a continuous power with a simple construction of single- phase and single-device. SOLUTION: A power generator has a first component 51 which has a first permanent magnet 57, a single-phase winding 58 and a core 59, a second component 52 which is so provided as to be movable relatively to the first component 51 and has second permanent magnets 60 and 61 by which flux is applied to the first permanent magnet 57 and the single-phase winding 58, a switching device 54 which is connected in series to the winding 58 and a DC power supply 53 and a driver 55 which controls the switching device 54 to turn on and off. The direction of flux which is generated by the winding 58 when the switching device 54 is turned on is opposite to the direction of the flux of the first permanent magnet 57.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for mechanically extracting power and supplying it to a load, such as a motor and a linear motor used for home and industry.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a power generator generally called a DC brushless motor in the prior art. The power generation device shown in FIG. 5 has a first object 1 generally called a stator and a second object 2 rotatably provided inside the first object 1 and generally called a rotor. The second object 2 is composed of a permanent magnet 3, a permanent magnet 4, a magnetic body 5, and an output shaft 6, and the permanent magnet 3 is adhered to the surface of the magnetic body 5 such that the N pole is on the outside.
The permanent magnet 4 is adhered to the surface of the magnetic body 5 so that the S pole is on the outside. The output shaft 6 is attached to the center of the magnetic body 5 and is provided to take out rotational power to an external mechanical load.

The first object 1 is composed of an iron core 7, a winding 8a, a winding 9a, a winding 10a, a winding 8b, a winding 9b, and a winding 10b. The winding 8a, the winding 9a, Winding 10
a, winding 8b, winding 9b, and winding 10b are all the second
When the object 2 rotates, the permanent magnet 3 and the permanent magnet 4
Is wound in a position to receive the magnetic flux generated by the coil, the windings 8a and 8b are connected in series, the windings 9a and 9b are connected in series, and the windings 10a and 10b are connected in series. There is. The iron core 7 acts to reduce the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit, and the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnets 3 and 4 causes the windings 8a, 9a, 10a, 8b, 9b.
b, it acts to increase the magnetic flux when acting on the winding 10b.

The AC power supply 11 has a voltage of 100 V and 60 Hz, and is generally called a commercial power supply. The output of the AC power supply 11 is connected to the full-wave rectifier circuit 12. The rectifier circuit 12 includes a diode 13, a diode 14, a diode 15, and a diode 16, and the AC power supply 1
It outputs the full wave rectified waveform of 1.

The inverter 17 is connected to the output of the rectifier circuit 12 and has a structure generally called a three-phase inverter. The inverter 17 includes a transistor 18,
Transistor 19, Transistor 20, Transistor 2
1, transistor 22, transistor 23, diode 24, diode 25, diode 26, diode 2
7, a diode 28, and a diode 29.

Further, the filter circuit 40 is composed of an electrolytic smoothing capacitor 41 and a choke coil 42, and can make the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 12 almost direct current with little ripple.

The control circuit 30 is composed of a drive circuit 31 and a logic circuit 32, and the base terminals of each transistor are all connected to the drive circuit 31. The position detection means 33 is a Hall IC 3 provided on the second object 2.
4, the Hall IC 35, and the Hall IC 36, which detect the positions of the permanent magnet 3 and the permanent magnet 4 and electrically output when the second object 2 rotates. The logic circuit 32 receives the signal from the position detecting means 33 and produces an on / off signal for each transistor in response to the signal.

With the above-described structure, the power generating device of the prior art has the position detecting means 3 according to the rotation of the second object 2.
3 outputs a signal, and the signal outputs the logic circuit 32.
Outputs a HIGH or LOW signal, and the drive circuit 31 operates by the signal, and in the case of a HIGH signal,
The base current is supplied to the transistor to turn it on, and L
In the case of OW, a reverse bias is applied to the base to turn it off. Thereby, an electric current is supplied to a predetermined winding, and the winding acts on the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 3 or the permanent magnet 4 to generate a force, and the permanent magnet 3 and the permanent magnet 4 generate torque by their reaction. The generated torque can be taken out from the output shaft 6. The external load causes a rotational movement with the torque, and the second object 2 also performs a rotational movement in conjunction with it. When the external load is rotated by a certain angle, the signal to the logic circuit 32 is changed by the action of the position detecting means 33. Logic circuit 3
The output of 2 also changes, and the on / off state of each transistor forming the inverter 17 changes. Then, the current supply state to each winding changes, and torque is again generated from the permanent magnets 3 and 4.

By repeating such an operation, the power generation device of the prior art is capable of continuously supplying mechanical rotation power from the output shaft 6 to an external load.

[0010]

However, in such a conventional technique, the first object 1 needs a large number of windings, and the configuration of the inverter 17 is very complicated and the number of parts is large. Therefore, there is a problem that the number of assembling steps and the material cost increase, and as a result, the cost of the apparatus increases.

The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems.
By setting the number of phases of the windings constituting the object of 1 to 1, the configuration of the first object is simplified, and the number of switching elements for supplying current to the winding is reduced as much as possible It is an object of the present invention to provide a power generation device that can sufficiently reduce the number of parts, and thus can exhibit sufficient performance at low cost.

[0012]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a first object having a first permanent magnet, a single-phase winding, and an iron core, and a relative object with respect to the first object. Second object having a second permanent magnet that is movably provided and that exerts a magnetic flux on the first permanent magnet and the single-phase winding, and is connected in series with the winding and the DC power supply. A switching element and a drive circuit for periodically turning the switching element on and off, the switching element having a magnetic flux generated by the winding when turned on is opposite to a magnetic flux of the first permanent magnet. Is.

[0013]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, when the switching element is periodically turned on and off by the drive circuit, a current flows from the DC power supply through the winding and the switching element during the on period, and the winding is turned on. The magnetic flux from the line overcomes the magnetic force of the first permanent magnet to form the second object.
Since it acts on the permanent magnet of, the force is generated between the second object and the first object, and the power is generated. Further, while the switching element is off, the current in the winding is substantially zero, so the magnetic force from the winding disappears, but the action of the first permanent magnet causes the switching element to operate. Since a magnetic flux in the opposite direction to the period in which the switch is on acts on the second permanent magnet, the second object and the first
A force is generated between the object and the object, and power is generated. That is, although the winding has a single phase and has a very simple structure having only one switching element, power can be supplied almost continuously.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the diode is turned on at the moment when the switching element is turned off, and the excess energy stored in the winding is regenerated to the DC power source. Therefore, the spike voltage at the time of turning off the switching element is It is possible to suppress it, improve reliability, and at the same time
It is possible to realize a highly efficient device by eliminating unnecessary power consumption.

Since the invention according to claim 3 has the position detecting means, the switching element can be turned on / off in accordance with the position of the second permanent magnet. It is possible to obtain excellent characteristics that are almost the same as those of the brushless DC motor.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the first permanent magnet is composed of a rare earth permanent magnet, demagnetization is less likely to occur, so that a large current is applied to the winding during the ON period of the switching element. Since the subsequent performance (torque, output, etc.) does not deteriorate even when the power is supplied, it is possible to provide a power generation device having better performance and excellent reliability.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the first object and the second object are provided.
Since a force (reluctance force) that tends to minimize the magnetic resistance acts between the objects in Figure 3, if the force required for the load is below a certain level, it will stop at a position off the dead center and then At the time of starting, the starting force is always obtained by passing a current through the winding. Therefore, it is possible to guarantee startup even with a very simple configuration.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a power generation device for outputting rotational power in a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the first object 51 and the second object 5
A DC power source 53 having an output of 2, 24 V, a switching element 54 composed of an IGBT, and a drive circuit 55 are provided, and the second object 52 is rotatably provided by a rotation shaft 56 with respect to the first object 51. And the first object 51
Is a first permanent magnet 57 composed of a neodymium sintered permanent magnet, which is a kind of rare earth permanent magnet, and has a diameter of 0.75 m.
A single-phase winding 58 made of m-enamel wire is wound around an iron core 59, and the winding 58 has an intermediate tap b.

In the present embodiment, the iron core 59 electrically insulates silicon steel plates having a thickness of 0.22 mm from each other,
It has a laminated structure in which 110 sheets are stacked, and the number of turns of the winding wire 58 is 80 turns between ab and 120 turns between b and c. The second object 52 is the second permanent magnet 6
The second permanent magnet 61 is attached to the surface of the iron core 62. The second permanent magnet 60 has an N pole on the outside and an S pole on the inside.
The second permanent magnet 61 has, on the contrary, an S pole on the outside and an N pole on the inside. There is a gap 64 between the iron core 59 and the second object 52, and the size of the gap 64 is not constant and is 0.2 mm as shown in FIG.
To 0.5 mm.

Since the first permanent magnet 57 is inserted in the middle of the magnetic path formed by the iron core 59 having the winding 58, both the first permanent magnet 57 and the winding 58 have the first shape. Two
It is provided at a position where the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 60 and 61 of FIG. The switching element 54 is connected between the negative terminal of the DC power supply 53 and the cbc terminal of the winding, and is connected to the DC power supply 53.
Is connected to the intermediate tap B terminal of the winding 58, and the switching element 54 is on / off controlled by the drive voltage applied between the gate and the emitter by the drive circuit 55.
4 is periodically turned on / off, and when the switching element 54 is turned on, a current flows between b and c of the winding 58, so that a leftward magnetomotive force is generated in the iron core 59. The anode of the diode 63 is connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply 53, and the cathode is connected to the terminal a of the winding 58.

Since the first permanent magnet 57 has the N pole on the right side, the magnetomotive force is in the opposite direction.

FIG. 2 shows an operation waveform diagram of the power generator of FIG. 1 in a steady state. In FIG.
(A) is a voltage waveform of the gate-emitter voltage VGE of the switching element 54, (A) is a voltage waveform of the collector-emitter voltage VCE, (C) is a current waveform of the collector current IC, and (D) is an iron core. The waveform of the magnitude of the magnetic flux φ passing through 59 is shown.

As shown in FIG. 2, when the drive circuit 55 outputs the waveform (a), the switching element 54 is turned on during the TON period and turned off during the TOFF period. The VCE waveform seen in (a) becomes almost zero during the TON period, and during this period the IC
Flows, and this current flows between b and c of the winding 58, so that φ in (d) is generated in the positive direction.

During the TOFF period, the iron core 5 is used during the TON period.
The magnetic energy stored in 9 or the gap 64 flows through the diode 63 and the winding a-b, and the regenerative current is passed to the DC power source 53, whereby the recovery operation is performed. Therefore, of the electric energy supplied between the switching element 54 and the terminals of the winding 58b-c during the TON period, it cannot be taken out as power from the rotating shaft 56 and is in the state stored in the magnetic path. The power can be effectively recovered by the DC power supply 53. Therefore, at the moment when the switching element 54 is turned off, the energy is not added to VCE, a large overvoltage is not generated, the reliability of the device is improved, and extra energy consumption is suppressed, so that the device efficiency is also improved. There is an effect that. In the TOFF period, the magnetic flux φM generated by the first permanent magnet 57 causes the magnetic flux in the magnetic path to be −φM, as shown in (d).

Generally, in order to absorb a transient overvoltage when the switching element is turned off, a series circuit of a resistor and a capacitor, or a snubber circuit formed by connecting a diode to the series circuit between the collector and the emitter of the switching element. A circuit referred to as is used. By providing the diode 63 as in the present embodiment, the efficiency of the device is improved as compared with these methods.

Also in the present embodiment, for example, when the magnetic coupling between b and c of the winding 58 and between a and b is insufficient, magnetic energy is stored in a so-called leakage inductance, which causes switching. Since an overvoltage of VCE is generated when the element 54 is turned off, it may be necessary to suppress the overvoltage by using the above-mentioned snubber circuit in some cases.

However, even in that case, the amount of energy to be absorbed by the snubber circuit is determined by the diode 6
Since it is much smaller than the case without 3, the power rating of each component required for the snubber circuit may be small, and the total size and cost of the device can be reduced and the efficiency of the device can be reduced. It will be possible to improve.

In the present embodiment, the number of turns between a and b is b-
Since it is 2/3 of the number of turns between c, when the switching element 54 is turned off, the diode 63 is turned on, so that a voltage between b and c is about 3/2 times the voltage of the DC power supply 53. That is, a voltage of 36 V is generated and VC
E becomes a little high at 60V, but since the on time ratio of the switching element 54 is 50%, during the off period,
Regeneration is almost complete.

Next, the start-up of this embodiment will be described. As described above, the gap 64 is 0.2 mm to
Since it is inclined by 0.5 mm, this shows magnetic unevenness. That is, when the second object 52 is located at an angle of the gap 64 of 0.2 mm (the state shown in FIG. 1), the magnetic resistance becomes small, and conversely, when the gap is 0.5 mm, the magnetic resistance becomes large. Become.

Generally, the reluctance force (torque in this case) acting to minimize the magnetic resistance acts.
As a result, if the torque required by the load is low to some extent at low speeds, the second object 52 will stop in the position illustrated in FIG. Therefore, when the switching element 54 is turned on at the time of starting the device, a magnetomotive force is generated by the winding 58 and a clockwise torque is generated in the second object 52. Even with such a configuration, it is possible to reliably start up.

In the prior art, there was also a method of generating detention torque and activating with a single-phase winding by a method of inclining the gap, but in the present embodiment, especially the first permanent magnet is used. 57, the winding 58, and the switching element 54 in combination, the second permanent magnet 60.
Since the activation is performed by suddenly turning on the switching element 54 without detecting the position of 1, the extremely simple configuration is possible.

In the present embodiment, the first permanent magnet 57 is made of a neodymium-sintered rare earth permanent magnet that is hard to demagnetize, so that the switching element 54 is wound during the ON period. Since there is no fear of demagnetization even with respect to the magnetomotive force that is generated by the current of the wire 58 and acts in the opposite direction, it is possible to increase the magnetomotive force of the winding, thereby ensuring sufficient reliability and It is possible to improve performance.

In the power generator of the present embodiment, the second object 52 rotates in synchronization with the pulse output from the drive circuit 55, so that the characteristics of a general synchronous motor can be obtained.

Further, during the steady operation, as shown in FIG. 2D, the direction of the magnetic flux can be made into an alternating positive and negative waveform, so that the power can be continuously taken out.

In the present embodiment, the first object 51 and the second object 52 have two poles, but the number of poles is not limited to two, and there are four poles, six poles, and more poles. What you have done is naturally possible.

Further, although the present embodiment shows an embodiment called a so-called motor which performs a rotary motion, it may be used for a linear motor.

Further, in the present embodiment, the switching element 54 is constituted by the IGBT, but it is not limited to this kind in particular, and for example, MOSFET, bipolar stone or the like may be used. In that case, it can be realized by making the drive circuit 55 have an output characteristic corresponding thereto.

Further, when the inertial moment of the second object 52 and the load is large, the drive circuit 5 is activated at the time of start-up, as is generally done in a normal synchronous motor.
By increasing the cycle of the output signal from 5, it is possible to reliably start up without causing step-out.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power generation device for outputting rotational power according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Also in FIG. 3, the configuration is very similar to that in FIG. The difference is that the drive circuit 70 is
The position detecting means 71 is connected to the position detecting means 71 constituted by C, and the position detecting means 71 emits a HIGH signal when the N pole of the second object is opposed and a LOW signal when the S pole is opposed. Therefore, the drive circuit 70 outputs an ON signal to the switching element 54 when a HIGH signal is input from the position detection means 71.

FIG. 4 is an operation waveform diagram of the power generator shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, (A) is the position detecting means 7
1 is an output voltage waveform, (a) is a voltage waveform of the gate-emitter voltage VGE of the switching element 54, (c) is a voltage waveform of the collector-emitter voltage VCE, and (d) is a current waveform of the collector current IC. , (E) show waveforms of the magnitude of the magnetic flux φ passing through the iron core 59, and (a) to (e) of FIG. 4 show substantially the same waveforms as (a) to (d) of FIG. Has become.

In the present embodiment, the position detecting means 7
By the operation of 1, the switching element 54 is turned on and off while detecting the positions of the second permanent magnets 60 and 61 provided on the second object 52, so that the characteristics similar to those of a general DC brushless motor can be obtained. it can.

That is, compared with the synchronous motor shown in FIG. 1, more torque can be taken with respect to the current of the winding 58. Normally, in a synchronous motor, the force (torque) per current is maximized under the condition that de-output occurs when the current and the magnetic flux are orthogonal, but in the DC motor, for example, the position detection means 71 is installed. Can also be maximized by placing on the neutral axis.

In the present embodiment, as in the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, a rare earth permanent magnet is used as the first permanent magnet 57, and the gap 64 is inclined so that the magnetic resistance becomes uneven. With the configuration and the provision of the diode 63, these effects can be obtained as described in the description of FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0044]

As described above, according to the invention described in claim 1, in particular, the first object, the second object, the DC power supply,
A switching element and a drive circuit, the second object is provided to be movable relative to the first object, and the first object is a first permanent magnet and a single-phase winding. And an iron core, the second object has a second permanent magnet, and the first permanent magnet and the winding are both provided at positions where the magnetic flux of the second permanent magnet acts. The switching element is connected between one terminal of the DC power supply and one terminal of the winding, the other end of the DC power supply is connected to the other end of the winding, and the switching element is turned on / off by the drive circuit. The drive circuit is controlled so that the switching element is periodically turned on and off, and the magnetomotive force generated from the winding when the switching element is turned on is opposite to that of the first permanent magnet. Is a single-phase and switching element There Despite the there is only very simple structure one, and it can be powered almost continuously.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the winding is provided with three terminals having an intermediate tap, and one end of the DC power source is connected to the intermediate tap, and the winding is wound. It is possible to improve reliability by connecting one end of the switching element to one end of the wire and connecting the diode between the other terminal of the winding and the other terminal of the DC power supply. At the same time, it is possible to realize a highly efficient device by eliminating unnecessary power consumption.

According to the third aspect of the invention, since the position detecting means for detecting the position of the second permanent magnet is provided, the structure is simple, but is almost the same as a general brushless type DC motor. It is possible to obtain excellent characteristics of.

Further, according to the invention described in claim 4, in particular, by using the rare earth magnet as the first permanent magnet of the power generation device, a power generation device having better performance and excellent reliability is provided. be able to.

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, in particular, the iron core of the power generation device has magnetic unevenness, and the magnetic resistance is minimized at a position displaced from the dead point. However, if the force required for the load is below a certain level, the starting force is always obtained by stopping at a position deviating from the dead point and supplying a current to the winding at the time of the next startup. Even with a simple configuration, it is possible to guarantee startup.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a power generation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an operation waveform diagram of the power generator of the same.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power generation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an operation waveform diagram of the power generator of the same.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a conventional power generator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 51 First Object 52 Second Object 53 DC Power Supply 54 Switching Element 55 Drive Circuit 57 First Permanent Magnet 58 Winding 59 Iron Core 60, 61 Second Permanent Magnet

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A first object having a first permanent magnet, a single-phase winding, and an iron core, and a first object that is provided so as to be movable relative to the first object. A second object having a second permanent magnet that exerts a magnetic flux on the phase winding, a switching element connected in series with the winding and the DC power supply, and a drive for periodically turning the switching element on and off. And a switching circuit, wherein the switching element causes the magnetic flux generated by the winding when turned on to be opposite to the magnetic flux of the first permanent magnet. 2. A first object having a single-phase winding having a first permanent magnet and an intermediate tap and an iron core; and a first object movably provided relative to the first object. Second object having a second permanent magnet for applying a magnetic flux to the permanent magnet and the single-phase winding, a DC power source having one end connected to an intermediate tap of the winding, one end of the winding and A switching element connected to the other end of the DC power supply, a diode reversely connected to the other end of the winding and the other end of the DC power supply, and a drive circuit that periodically turns on and off the switching element. And a switching device in which the magnetic flux generated by the winding when turned on is opposite to the magnetic flux of the first permanent magnet. 3. A position detection means for detecting the position of the second permanent magnet is provided, and the drive circuit receives an output from the position detection means and receives an electromagnetic wave in a predetermined direction between the second object and the first object. 3. The power generator according to claim 1, wherein the switching element is controlled to be turned on and off so that force is generated. 4. The power generator according to claim 1, wherein the first permanent magnet is a rare earth magnet. 5. The power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the iron core has magnetic unevenness, and has a minimum magnetic resistance at a position displaced from a dead center.