JPH09111265A - Fuel oil modifier for diesel engine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To add a small amount to fuel oil for diesel engines
Air pollutants such as particulates in exhaust gas
Diesel engine that can significantly reduce combustion and improve combustion efficiency
Provided is a fuel modifier for gin. SOLUTION: Add to fuel oil for diesel engine
To reduce the particulates in the combustion exhaust gas.
And a modifier represented by the following formulas [1] to [3]
Containing at least one carbonate compound
Fuel oil modifier for diesel engines. Embedded image     R¹OCOO- (CHR^Two−CHR^Three-O) m-COOR^Four                            [1]     R^FiveOCOO- (CHR⁶−CHR⁷-O) n-CO- (O-CHR⁸−CHR⁹) p−OCOOR^Ten    [2] Embedded image [Wherein, R¹, R^Four, R^Five, R^TenIs carbonized water having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
Base, R^Two, R^Three, R⁶~ R ⁹Is hydrogen or a methyl group, m,
n and p are integers of 1 to 2]

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a diesel engine fuel reforming agent which is added to a diesel engine fuel oil to reduce particulates in combustion exhaust gas.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Diesel engines have high combustion efficiency,
It is installed in passenger cars, trucks, buses, ships, construction machinery, etc. because of low fuel cost and durability, and the quantity tends to increase year by year. However, in the combustion exhaust gas emitted from the diesel engine, hydrocarbons,
Air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO _x ), and black smoke are contained, and their reduction is an urgent task from the viewpoint of preventing environmental pollution.

Among these, as a measure for reducing the particulate matter which is the source of black smoke, a method of providing a filter in the middle of the exhaust pipe to collect and burn it has been proposed, but it is difficult to control combustion. , It has not been put to practical use. Furthermore, methods for adding oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols and acetals have been studied, but these compounds currently proposed have low solubility in diesel fuel oil or low oxygen content. Therefore, there is a problem that the efficiency of reducing the particulates is insufficient.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to add a small amount to fuel oil for diesel engines to reform the fuel oil and to greatly reduce the particulate matter in the exhaust gas. It is possible to provide a fuel oil modifier for a diesel engine that can improve combustion efficiency.

[0005]

The present invention is the following fuel oil modifier for diesel engines. (1) A modifier for adding to fuel oil for diesel engines to reduce particulates in combustion exhaust gas, which is at least one of carbonate compounds represented by the following formulas [1] to [3] A fuel oil modifier for a diesel engine, comprising:

Embedded image R ¹ OCOO— (CHR ² —CHR ³ —O) m—COOR ⁴ [1] [wherein R ¹ and R ⁴ are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R ² ;
R ³ is hydrogen or a methyl group, and m is an integer of 1-2. ]

Embedded image R ⁵ OCOO— (CHR ⁶ —CHR ⁷ —O) n—CO— (O—CHR ⁸ —CHR ⁹ ) p—OCOOR ¹⁰ [2] [In the formula, R ⁵ and R ¹⁰ have 1 carbon atoms. 5 hydrocarbon group, R ^6,
R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are hydrogen or a methyl group, and n and p are 1-2.
Is an integer. ]

[Chemical 6] (2) The diesel engine fuel oil modifier according to (1) above, wherein the diesel engine fuel oil is light oil. (3) The diesel engine fuel oil modifier according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the modifier is added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the diesel engine fuel oil.

[0006] The diesel engine fuel oil to be reformed in the present invention is generally light oil, but may be an alternative fuel oil. Gas oil is mainly composed of gas oil fraction obtained by treating crude oil with distillation equipment, catalytic cracking equipment, etc., together with gas, gasoline and other fractions, but light gas oil fraction obtained separately during distillation. Among the heavy gas oil fraction and the light gas oil fraction, those obtained by hydrodesulfurizing the light gas oil fraction are preferable.

The modifier of the present invention is a carbonate compound represented by the above formulas [1] to [3], in which the formulas [1] and [2] are chain carbonate compounds and the formula [3] is a cyclic compound. Is a carbonate compound. These carbonate compounds have a structure in which the solubility in light oil as a fuel oil is increased and the oxygen content is increased to improve the combustion efficiency and prevent the formation of particulates. The above-mentioned carbonate compound is approximately 150 to 450 ° C., which is almost the same as light oil as a fuel oil, preferably 200
Those having a boiling point of ˜400 ° C. are preferred.

In the chain carbonate compound of the above formula [1], examples of the hydrocarbon group represented by R ¹ and R ⁴ include an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group and the like. Specific examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and the like.
Alkyl groups of 3, especially methyl groups are preferred. In the formula [1], R ² and R ³ are hydrogen or a methyl group. m is 1
It is possible to arbitrarily select from 2 to 2, but 1 is preferable.

In the chain carbonate compound of the above formula [2], examples of the hydrocarbon group represented by R ⁵ and R ¹⁰ include an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group and the like. Specific examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and the like.
Alkyl groups of 3 to 3, especially methyl groups are preferred. Formula [2]
In, R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are hydrogen or a methyl group. Although n and p can be arbitrarily selected from 1 to 2, both are preferably 1.

In the present invention, specific examples of preferable carbonate compounds include the following. 2-methoxycarbonyloxyethyl methyl carbonate,
2-methoxycarbonyloxy-1-methylethyl methyl carbonate, 2-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl methyl carbonate, 2-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ethyl carbonate, 2-ethoxycarbonyloxy-1-methylethyl ethyl carbonate, 2-
Propoxycarbonyloxyethyl propyl carbonate, 2-isopropoxycarbonyloxyethyl isopropyl carbonate, 2-butyloxycarbonyloxyethyl butyl carbonate, 2-pentyloxycarbonyloxyethyl pentyl carbonate;

2- (2-methoxycarbonyloxyethoxy) ethyl methyl carbonate, 2- (2-ethoxycarbonyloxyethoxy) ethyl ethyl carbonate, 2- (2-propoxycarbonyloxyethoxy) ethyl propyl carbonate, 2- (2- Isopropoxycarbonyloxyethoxy) ethyl isopropyl carbonate, 2- (2-butoxycarbonyloxyethoxy) ethyl butyl carbonate, 2- (2-
Methoxycarbonyloxy-1-methylethoxy) -1
-Methylethyl methyl carbonate, 2- (2-ethoxycarbonyloxy-1-methylethoxy) -1-methylethyl ethyl carbonate, 2- (2-isopropoxycarbonyloxy-1-methylethoxy) -1-
Methylethyl isopropyl carbonate, 2- (2-propoxycarbonyloxy-1-methylethoxy) -1
-Methyl ethyl propyl carbonate;

Bis (2-methoxycarbonyloxyethyl) carbonate, bis (2-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl) carbonate, bis (2-isopropoxycarbonyloxyethyl) carbonate, bis (2-propoxycarbonyloxyethyl) carbonate, Bis (2-butoxycarbonyloxyethyl) carbonate, bis (2-methoxycarbonyloxy-1-methylethyl) carbonate, bis (2-ethoxycarbonyloxy-1-methylethyl) carbonate, 2,4
8,10-Tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane-
3,9-dione.

The carbonate compound of the above formula [1] or [2] is a carbonate having a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkylene oxide adduct thereof,
Alternatively, it can be obtained by reacting a chlorocarbonic acid ester with a diol having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkylene oxide adduct thereof. The carbonate compound of the above formula [3] can be obtained by reacting the carbonate or its alkylene oxide adduct with pentaerythritol. The compound of the formula [1] or [2] is usually produced as a mixture of two or more kinds, and these may be separated and used alone, or may be used as a mixture as it is.

Specific examples of the carbonate include a dialkyl carbonate having an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate; an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate. Examples include alkylene carbonate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples of the chlorocarbonic acid ester include chlorocarbonic acid esters having an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methyl chloroformate and ethyl chloroformate.

Specific examples of the diol include glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and butanediol. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the catalyst used in the reaction include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, triethylamine, imidazole and the like. Of these, alkali metal alcoholates are preferred. The catalyst is used in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the reaction raw material.

The reaction between the carbonate compound and alcohol is usually 25 to 250 ° C., preferably 50 to 200.
It is desirable to carry out at a temperature of ° C. The reaction time is usually 0.5 to 10 hours, preferably 1 to 5 hours. It can be carried out without using a reaction solvent,
If necessary, an organic solvent such as hexane and toluene can be used.

The fuel oil modifier for a diesel engine of the present invention contains at least one carbonate compound of the above formulas [1] to [3]. It can be decided arbitrarily.

The fuel oil modifier for a diesel engine of the present invention is prepared by mixing one or more carbonate compounds represented by the above formulas [1] to [3] with the fuel oil to obtain an atmosphere in exhaust gas. A fuel oil composition for a diesel engine that can significantly reduce pollutants is obtained.

In the present invention, the mixing ratio with respect to the diesel engine fuel oil is 100 parts by weight of the fuel oil,
A range of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of carbonate compound, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight is suitable. If the mixing ratio of the carbonate compound is less than the above range, there is little effect of reducing the particulate matter in the exhaust gas, and even if it is more than the above range, the effect of reducing the particulate matter in the exhaust gas does not improve so much, and the manufacturing cost is also high. It is expensive and not economical.

The diesel engine fuel oil mixed with the modifier of the present invention is used in the same manner as conventional fuel oil, but it has good solubility in fuel oil and has a close boiling point, so that it vaporizes together with fuel oil. And burned. Further, due to the high oxygen content, the generation of particulates during combustion is small and the combustion efficiency is high.

The fuel oil modifier for diesel engines of the present invention comprises an octane number improver, a cetane number improver, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, a deposit modifier, an antifreezing agent and a corrosion inhibitor, if necessary. It can be used in combination with other additives such as an agent, a low temperature fluidity improver, a storage stabilizer, an ash modifier, an extreme pressure agent and a detergent dispersant.

[0023]

Since the fuel oil modifier for diesel engine of the present invention contains the carbonate compound of the above formulas [1] to [3], by adding a small amount to the fuel oil,
Air pollutants such as particulates in the exhaust gas can be significantly reduced and combustion efficiency can be improved.

[0024]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples and Reference Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Examples 1 to 7, Reference Example As the fuel oil, JIS No. 2 diesel oil for automobiles was used. The properties of this light oil are shown in Table 1.

[0026]

[Table 1]

The compounds shown in Table 3 were added to 100 parts by weight of this light oil and mixed in the proportions shown in Table 3 to prepare a fuel oil composition for diesel engines.

The light oil and the fuel oil composition for diesel engine were respectively burned by the diesel engine shown in Table 2.

[0029]

[Table 2]

Using the amount of particulates produced from the additive-free gas oil (base oil of the reference example) as a reference (100%), the rate of change of the particulates (increase rate or increase rate for each diesel engine fuel oil composition of the examples) The reduction rate) was calculated. Table 3 shows the results. The rate of change (%)
Was calculated by the following formula.

(Equation 1)

[0031]

[Table 3]

From the results shown in Table 3, it can be seen that the production amount of the particulates in each of the examples is much smaller than that of the reference example, and the combustion efficiency is correspondingly higher.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A modifier for reducing particulate matter in combustion exhaust gas by adding it to fuel oil for diesel engines, comprising at least a carbonate compound represented by the following formulas [1] to [3]: A fuel oil modifier for diesel engines, which comprises one kind. Embedded image R ¹ OCOO— (CHR ² —CHR ³ —O) m—COOR ⁴ [1] [wherein, R ¹ and R ⁴ are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R ² ;
R ³ is hydrogen or a methyl group, and m is an integer of 1-2. R ⁵ OCOO- (CHR ⁶ -CHR ⁷ -O) n-CO- (O-CHR ⁸ -CHR ⁹ ) p-OCOOR ¹⁰ [2] [wherein R ⁵ and R ¹⁰ are carbon atoms 1 to 5 hydrocarbon groups, R ⁶ ,
R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ⁹ are hydrogen or a methyl group, and n and p are 1-2.
Is an integer. ] [Chemical 3] 2. The fuel oil modifier for diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the fuel oil for diesel engine is light oil. 3. The fuel oil for diesel engine 1 as a modifier.
The fuel oil modifier for a diesel engine according to claim 1 or 2, which is added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 00 parts by weight.