JPH0857854A - Waste treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] (Revised) [Purpose] To treat useful substances in waste as reusable as possible and to recover CFCs that cause ozone layer depletion. [Structure] A pretreatment device 3 comprises a refrigerant recovery means 4, a large glass takeout means 5, and a metal lump separation means 6, in which large waste is pretreated in accordance with the respective waste, and a crushing device. Sent to 7. Here, the waste is crushed so as to be separated into each material, and the foam molding material is separated by the lightweight material sorting device 8,
The metal separating device 9 separates ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals from each other. Then, the vinyl chloride plastic is separated by the plastic separating device 12 to obtain a plastic which can be easily recycled. Further, the metal lump separated by the pretreatment device 3 is crushed by the freeze crushing device 16 and is combined with the heavy waste from the light weight sorting device 8. On the other hand, the foamed molding material sorted by the lightweight material sorting device 8 is separated and collected by the foaming agent collecting device 19 into the foaming agent and the resin.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for recovering and processing waste, and more particularly to a method for crushing waste home electric appliances and recovering valuable materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for the treatment of large-scale waste, many methods have been used for landfilling as it is, or crushing and incineration for landfilling. The method of landfilling as it is has a problem of shortage of landfill, and the problem of global warming due to the generation of carbon dioxide gas is also a problem in the case of incineration. Furthermore, since a large amount of vinyl chloride plastic is contained in the waste, chlorine gas and chlorine compound-based harmful gas generated from this combustion are generated, and these gases damage the incinerator and incinerator. Therefore, there is a problem that the life of the product is remarkably shortened and the environment is destroyed by being released into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the release into the atmosphere. As described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 50-156754, there is some recovery of metal from scraps that essentially contain a large amount of metal. No recovery process has been carried out. Since this waste is landfilled or incinerated thereafter, there are the same problems as above.
Further, as a method for separating waste, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-108
The systems described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 765 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-81967 have been proposed, but these methods are mainly for separating metals, and plastics should be taken out together with other materials such as paper. The plastics are not sorted.

As a simple classification of plastics, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 52-151371 and 58-205552 are available.
There is a specific gravity sorting device utilizing a specific gravity difference as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. The materials described in JP-A-52-151371 and JP-A-58-205552 are effective for materials having different specific gravities, but the same is true for different materials such as plastics. In some cases, specific gravity cannot be separated only by specific gravity selection.

Further, as another separation method, there is a method in which plastic is melted by heat or the like and separated by the difference in melting temperature. It is considered that this method can process foamed moldings made of thermoplastics. However, if the plastic to be treated contains vinyl chloride plastic, harmful gas may be generated from the plastic when it is melted, and there is a problem of damage to the device and environmental damage when released into the atmosphere.

[0005]

As described above, in the method of crushing and incinerating large wastes to reduce the volume and then reclaiming them, the greenhouse effect of the earth due to the generation of carbon dioxide gas caused by the incineration becomes a problem. Combustion of vinyl chloride plastics has problems such as severe damage to the incinerator. Further, in the method of landfilling the remaining waste from which the metal has been recovered in the general large-scale waste treatment disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 50-156754, a large amount of plastic waste, etc. still remains and the volume is reduced. However, there is a problem that it is not sufficient to solve the shortage of landfill because the landfill is not sufficient.

Further, as described above, the materials described in JP-A-52-151371 and JP-A-58-205552 may have the same specific gravity even if the materials are different, such as plastic. In some cases it is not possible to make a sufficient separation. Furthermore, specific gravity selection is not suitable for foamed moldings whose specific gravity changes depending on the foaming state regardless of the plastic material.

On the other hand, as the foaming agent for the foamed molding material, a freon-based foaming agent is often used at present. In particular, a foam molding material used as a heat insulating material uses a freon-based foaming agent in order to improve heat insulating properties. However, due to the problem of depleting the ozone layer of the earth, this freon-based blowing agent
Currently subject to use restrictions. In order to prevent the destruction of the ozone layer, it is important to collect the foaming agent that has been trapped in the foam insulation that has been used up until now. There is a problem of being released.

The present invention eliminates these problems, collects a useful material suitable for reuse so that a small amount of resources can be effectively utilized, and is used in a foamed molding material represented by urethane foam. The objective is to recover the freon, which is a foaming agent, trapped in the material, and to provide a waste treatment system that better matches the global environment.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the waste treatment method of the present invention is characterized by any one of the following aspects. ◆ (1): The waste containing the foamed molding material is applied to a crushing device so that the foamed molding material is released from the thin plate while crushing the waste material.

(2): In (1), the crushing device is a multi-stage crusher. (3): In (1) or (2), a lightweight material sorting device is provided after the crushing device to separate the crushed waste into a foamed molding material and other materials.

(4): In (3), a wind sorter is used as a lightweight material sorting device. (5): In (3) or (4), the separated foam molding material is crushed to separate into a solid resin portion and a gas foaming agent.

(6): In (5), the foaming agent is cooled, liquefied and recovered. ◆ (7): In (4), the air blower blows up the air from diagonally downward to diagonally upward, so that the foamed molded material is blown upward and the others are dropped downward.

(8): In (5), the separated resin portion is compressed. ◆ (9): After crushing the waste material containing the foamed molding material, the foamed molding material and other materials are separated, and the separated foamed molding material is crushed to obtain a solid resin portion and a gas foaming agent. Then, the separated resin part is compressed.

[0014]

By applying the waste containing the foamed molding material to the crushing device, the foamed molding material is released from the thin plate while the waste is crushed. When the released foamed molding material is applied to the lightweight material separating device, the crushed waste is separated into the foamed molding material and other materials. When a wind sorter is used as the lightweight material sorting device, the foamed molding material, which is a lightweight material, is blown off, so that separation is easy. When the separated foam molding material is crushed, it can be separated into a solid resin portion and a gas foaming agent. The foaming agent is cooled, liquefied and collected. At the wind sorter,
By blowing up the air from diagonally below to diagonally above, it is possible to blow up the foamed molding material and drop it down others (see Fig. 11, etc.). If the separated resin part is compressed, residual CFCs can be separated and bulked. It is effective in reducing.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the waste treatment device of this embodiment. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a stockyard for storing waste roughly classified by type, and 2 is a stockyard 1.
A supply device 3 for supplying waste to the pretreatment device 3 is a pretreatment device, which comprises a refrigerant recovery means 4, a large glass takeout means 5, and a metal agglomeration means 6. Reference numeral 7 is a crushing device composed of one or two crushers, 8 is a light weight sorting device, and 9 is a metal sorting device, which is composed of a magnetic sorting machine 10 and an eddy current sorting machine 11. 12 is a plastic sorting device, which comprises a cooling device 13, a crusher 14, and a sieve sorter 15. Further, 16 is a refrigerating and crushing device for crushing metal lumps, and a cooling device 1
7 and a crusher 18, and 19 is a foaming agent recovery device, which is composed of a crusher 20 for crushing the foamed orthopedic material, a foaming agent / resin separating device 21 and a foaming agent cooling device 22.

The household electric appliances collected by the collection truck are stored in the stockyard 1 into four types, that is, a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a television, a washing machine and the like. The waste electric home appliances stored in the stockyard 1 are taken out by type by the supply device 2 and sent to the pretreatment device 3. In the pretreatment device 3, when the discarded home electric appliances are refrigerators and air conditioners, the arrow 10
1, 101a, the refrigerant recovery means 4 described later extracts the refrigerant from the refrigerator and recovers the refrigerant as indicated by arrow 116. Next, the compressor is removed from the refrigerator by the metal lump separating means 6. When the discarded home electric appliances are televisions, the cathode ray tube is removed by the large glass takeout means 5 as shown by arrows 102 and 102a. When the discarded home electric appliances are washing machines or the like and the household electric appliances other than the refrigerator, the air conditioner, and the TV are the discarded electric household appliances, the metal ingot separating device 6 removes the metal ingots such as the motor as shown by arrows 103 and 103a. Here, as one of the structures of the metal ingot separating means 6, a guillotine type cutting machine which is a kind of shearing machine can be used. The large glass take-out means 5 may have a structure in which the lath is crushed and separated by a compressing force such as an impact type crusher or a press which crushes and separates glass by hitting it with a hammer several times.

The waste home electric appliances which have been subjected to these pretreatments and from which the above-mentioned metal lumps have been removed are sent to the crushing device 7 as shown by an arrow 104, and the crushing device 7 causes the crushing mechanism of one or two stages to 50 to 50. It is crushed to a size of about 100 mm and released for each material. Particularly in the case of a refrigerator, urethane foam needs to be released from a thin iron plate, and for this purpose, a multistage crushing mechanism is advantageous.

The wastes crushed by the crushing device 7 and released for each material are sent to the light weight sorting device 8 as indicated by an arrow 105, and the light weight sorting device 8 separates the foam molding material such as urethane foam. The foamed molding material is sent to the foaming agent recovery device 19 as a light waste, as shown by an arrow 107, and the heavy waste from which the foamed molding material has been separated is sent to the metal sorting device 9 as shown by an arrow 106. Here, as one of the structures of the light weight sorting apparatus 8, the property that the foamed molding material is extremely light compared with other waste materials is used, and air is blown to the waste material discharged from the crushing apparatus 7 to perform foam molding. It is possible to use a structure in which the material is skipped and the foamed molded material is separated. As another structure, it is possible to use a structure in which an inclined vibration conveyor is used and a light foam molding material is taken out from the upper part and other heavy waste is taken out from the lower part.

On the other hand, the metal mass such as the compressor and the motor separated by the metal mass separating device 6 of the pretreatment device 3 is indicated by an arrow 11.
As indicated by 3, the powder is sent to the freeze crusher 16. In the freezing and crushing device 16, first, it is cooled to a low temperature of −100 ° C. or less by the cooling device 17, then is applied to the crusher 18, and is crushed by a relatively small impact by utilizing the low temperature brittleness of metal,
The heavy waste from the light weight sorter 8 is sent to the metal sorter 9 as shown by arrow 106.

In the metal separating device 9, the iron-based metal is first separated by the magnetic sorter 10 and is recovered as the iron-based metal as shown by an arrow 108. Next, the non-ferrous metal is separated by the eddy current selector 11 and recovered as shown by an arrow 109. As a result, the main content of the remaining waste is plastics. This plastic waste is sent to the plastic sorting device 12 as indicated by arrow 110. The plastic sorting device 12 includes a cooling device 13, a crusher 14, and a sieving / sorting machine 15.
In No. 2, first, the plastic waste is cooled to a low temperature of about 0 to −60 ° C. by the cooling device 13, and then the shredder 14 is subjected to impact shredding. Here, the plastic waste is selectively crushed by utilizing the difference in the brittleness point due to the difference in the plastic material.Since vinyl chloride plastic has a high brittleness point, It is crushed more finely. Therefore, by passing the waste material crushed by the crusher 14 through the sieving / sorting machine 15, a fine waste material mostly made of vinyl chloride plastic and a relatively large waste material made of very little vinyl chloride plastic. Since it can be separated into waste, the vinyl chloride plastic is separated as shown by the arrow 111, and the rest is separately collected as the easily reusable plastic as shown by the arrow 112.

On the other hand, the foamed molded product separated by the lightweight material sorting device 8 has a foaming agent recovery device 19 as shown by an arrow 107.
And is first pulverized by the pulverizer 20 and separated by the separator 21 into a solid resin portion and a gaseous foaming agent. Here, the solid resin portion is separated and collected as shown by the arrow 114, but the gaseous foaming agent is mixed with the surrounding air and sent to the cooling device 22 as shown by the arrow 115, and the cooling device 22. And the liquefied foaming agent is cooled by
Recovered as shown in. Meanwhile, the air returns to the crusher 20 as shown by the arrow 117. As a result, the fluorocarbon used as the foaming agent and the resin portion (plastic material) are separated and collected respectively.

By separating and collecting as described above,
It becomes possible to recover the refrigerant and the freon of the foaming agent, which could not be recovered conventionally. Further, in addition to recovering metals, plastics suitable for reuse can be recovered as a resource by separating plastics as well, so that the amount of waste to be landfilled can be greatly reduced.

In the present embodiment, the removal of metal blocks such as the compressor and the motor in the pretreatment device 3 takes into consideration the function and life of the crushing device 7 in the next stage. That is, since the crushing device 7 has a function of separating plastics and metal at the same time as cutting a thin metal plate, the crushing device 7 cuts a thin plate of about 0.1 mm. Therefore, if a metal lump enters here, the life of the crushing blade is shortened and the above two functions cannot be satisfied, and the subsequent processing is hindered. Further, the crushing device 7 is a device for crushing a large-sized waste first, and a large load may be applied during crushing. Therefore, if a further metal mass is bitten by this crushing device, the crushing device can be locked easily. It also plays a role in preventing the lock of the crusher.

Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a stainless sorter 23 and a specific gravity sorter 24 are added to the metal sorter 9 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and a specific gravity sorter 26 is added to the plastic sorter 12, and metal sorter is used. Device 9 and plastic sorting device 1
The electrostatic separator 25 is provided between the two. In the waste treatment device of this embodiment, the waste after the iron-based metal composed of the magnetic material is separated by the magnetic sorter 10 contains stainless steel which is generally said not to be attached to the magnet. Consideration is also given to the case where timber, which is used as a case in TV, is included in the discarded home appliances. Stainless steel, which is generally said not to adhere to magnets, has a property that when it is cut or bent, its structure changes partly and is weak, but it is attracted to magnets. Most of the stainless steel used in the product is processed, and since the processing such as cutting is also performed by the crushing device 7 in this processing device, the stainless steel contained in the waste that enters the stainless sorter 23 is weak. It is magnetic. Stainless steel sorter 2 here
3 is a magnetic sorter that generates a stronger magnetic force than the general magnetic sorter 10 that separates iron-based metals that are magnetic substances, and that separates stainless steel, which has become a weak magnetic substance, with a strong magnetic force. Is.

The specific gravity sorter 24 separates the non-ferrous metals separated by the eddy current sorter 11 and collected as shown by an arrow 109 by material so as to facilitate recycling. In this embodiment, copper and aluminum, which are used in large amounts, are mainly used (recovered as indicated by arrow 120), aluminum (recovered as indicated by arrow 121), and other non-ferrous metals (represented by arrow 122). In this case, it is collected as shown). Since the specific gravity sorter 24 separates non-ferrous metals, a liquid having a specific gravity of 2 or more is required as the specific gravity liquid, but such liquid is small. Therefore, a magnetic fluid was used as the specific gravity liquid in the specific gravity sorter of this example. When placed in a magnetic field, this magnetic fluid has a property that the apparent specific gravity changes depending on the strength of the applied magnetic field, and this property is used to perform specific gravity selection. By preparing two types of strength, three types of non-ferrous metals can be separated.

As a result of the above, as shown by the arrow 110, the waste that has passed through the metal separating device 9 is mainly plastics, but in this waste, the wood used for the TV case and the like also remains. It is possible. Therefore, to make it easier to reuse the finally separated plastic,
It is also necessary to separate the timber. For this purpose, the electrostatic separator 25 is provided after the metal separator 9. The electrostatic separator 25 is composed of an electrostatic separator alone or a dryer and an electrostatic separator. The electrostatic separation device 25 uses static electricity to separate by utilizing the difference in the chargeability of the substance. Compared to plastic, the chargeability of wood is extremely low, so that wood can be easily separated here.

The waste mainly containing plastic that has left the electrostatic separator 25 is a plastic separating device 1 as indicated by an arrow.
Sent to 2. The arrow 11 in the plastic sorting device 12
As shown by 1, the waste is classified into two types, that is, a waste containing a large amount of vinyl chloride based plastic and a plastic containing almost no vinyl chloride based plastic as indicated by an arrow 112. However, since the waste indicated by the arrow 111 includes plastics other than vinyl chloride that are easy to reuse, it is necessary to collect this and increase the amount of plastic that can be reused. Machine 26. Since the specific gravity of vinyl chloride plastic is relatively large at 1.2 to 1.6, what is settled by the specific gravity sorter 26 is vinyl chloride plastic and is recovered as shown by the arrow 124, and the one that floated is regenerated. As usable plastic, it is separated and collected as shown by an arrow 125. As described above, in this embodiment, as compared with the embodiment shown in FIG.
It is possible to further finely separate the metals and improve the recovery rate of plastics suitable for reuse. In the metal sorting apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the magnetic sorter, the eddy current sorter, and the stainless sorter are described as one-stage sorting, but there are multiple stages according to each sorting state. It is also possible to When each selection is made in multiple stages, it becomes possible to further improve each selection efficiency.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the plastic sorting apparatus 12 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 or 2. This is one in which electrostatic separation is used for sorting plastics, and the plastic sorting device 12a in this embodiment is used.
Is composed of a dryer 27, a crusher 28, an electrostatic separator 29, and a specific gravity sorter 30. In FIG. 3, the waste material from which the metals have been separated by the metal separation device 9 is dried by the dryer 27 and crushed by the crusher 28 so that the particle sizes thereof are uniformed. The plastic waste 126 with uniform particle size is applied to the electrostatic separator 29, and is indicated by arrow 127 as a plastic having good charging property (polystyrene or vinyl chloride).
As shown in (1), it is sorted into the plastics 128 other than those having low chargeability. Since the plastic with good chargeability separated here contains vinyl chloride plastic, it is further applied to a specific gravity sorter 30 to separate and remove vinyl chloride plastic as indicated by arrow 129, and recycle. By taking out the easy-to-use plastic as shown by the arrow 130, the plastic can be separated.

Although the dryer 27 is provided in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
As in the case where the present plastic sorting apparatus 12a is applied to the embodiment shown in (1), the dryer 27 may be omitted when the waste coming in here is dry.

FIG. 4 is a view showing still another embodiment of the plastic sorting apparatus 12. This plastic sorter 1
2b is for separating plastic by multi-stage electrostatic separation. That is, in the plastic separating device 12b, the waste having the uniform particle size indicated by the arrow 126, which has passed through the dryer 27 and the crusher 28, is chlorinated with polystyrene having good chargeability by the first-stage electrostatic separator 29. Vinyl-based plastic is separated as shown by arrow 127, and this is further separated by polystyrene separator (separated as shown by arrow 132) and vinyl chloride-based (shown by arrow 131) by the second-stage electrostatic separator 31. It is a method of separating into.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the refrigerant recovery means 4. The refrigerant recovery device 4 includes a base 32 which is a port for removing the refrigerant from the refrigerator, an oil separation device 33 which separates oil in the refrigerant, a compression device 34 which generates power for refrigerant recovery, and a cooling device 35 which liquefies the refrigerant. It is connected to the outside by a pipe so as to seal it. The refrigerant recovery device 4 first moves the compression device 34 to lower the internal pressure of the oil separation device 33 from the mouthpiece 32 in front of the compression device 34 to absorb the refrigerant from the refrigerator, and the oil separation device 33 separates the oil in the refrigerant. After that, the refrigerant is compressed in the compression device 34 to become high temperature and high pressure, and is cooled and liquefied in the cooling device 35.

The liquefied refrigerant is collected in a refrigerant cylinder or the like as shown by an arrow 106. The base 32 has a structure in which a sharp projection is provided on the clamp portion at the tip of the clamp device, a hole is formed in the refrigerator pipe by this projection, and the refrigerant in the refrigerator is drained from this hole.

FIG. 6 is a view showing an embodiment of the crushing device 7. As described above, the crushing device 7 needs to have a function of roughly crushing the waste to separate the waste into materials, and at the same time, to remove the urethane foam or the like attached to the thin iron plate like the heat insulating material of the refrigerator. is there. Crushing device 7 of this embodiment
First, crush the waste into strips with the first-stage crusher 36,
The waste 37 crushed into strips is changed in direction by the rotary blades 38, and is crushed by the second crusher 39 in a direction different from that of the first crusher 36. Many crushing blades 4
0 is attached to the shaft 41 to form a rotary blade 42, and the rotary blade 42 is configured such that the two rotary blades 42a and 42b mesh with each other. Here, FIG.
As shown in, the thickness of the crushing blade 40 and the gaps 51, 52 between the crushing blades 40 are 50 to 100 mm, and the rotary blade 42a,
When 42b is engaged with each other, 1
A gap of 10 mm is provided. With this configuration, the waste is sheared to about 50 to 100 mm, and at the same time, a gap is provided between the rotary blades 42a and 42b at the time of shearing and crushing. The crushers 36 and 39 also exert force in the direction of stripping the adhered material. This force enables the crushers 36 and 39 to peel off the foamed molding material such as the heat insulating material stuck on the thin iron plate.

FIG. 8 is a view showing an embodiment of the stockyard 1 and the supply device 2. This embodiment is designed to be automated as much as possible. The stockyard 1 includes a receiving entrance 43, a conveyor 44, a shape discriminating device 45, and a replacing machine 4.
6, a control device 47 and a storage conveyor 48. Further, the supply device 2 includes a control device 49 and a supply conveyor 50. In this configuration, in the stockyard 1, the waste collected by the collection vehicle is placed on the conveyor 44 through the receiving port 43. The type of the waste placed on the conveyor 44 is discriminated by the shape discriminating device 45 provided on the conveyor 44, and the waste is conveyed to the exchanging machine 46. On the other hand, the control device 47 selects one of the storage conveyors 48a, 48b, 48c, and 48d according to the type of waste based on the identification data of the shape determination device 45, and operates the suitable replacement machine 46. The waste is placed on the corresponding storage conveyor 48 and stored. The waste stored in the storage conveyor 48 is taken out on the supply conveyor 50 according to the instruction from the control device 49, and is transported to the pretreatment device 3 by this conveyor. With the above configuration, the waste can be stored and processed in the stockyard 1 for each type of waste. Although the X-ray transmission method can be used for the shape determination device 45, determination by human eyes may be used.

By constructing the waste treatment apparatus as described above, most of the waste can be reused, and it becomes possible to effectively use the resources as well as the countermeasure for the landfill shortage. Further, it becomes possible to recover CFCs regulated as a cause of ozone layer depletion.

9 to 14 are views showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 shows the stockyard 1, the supply device 2, the pretreatment device 3 and the metal lump crushing device 16. Collection vehicle 40
The refrigerator 402, the washing machine 403, and the television 404 that have been carried by 1 are sent to the supply device 2 pretreatment device 3 such as a conveyor. In the case of the treatment of the refrigerator 402 in the pretreatment device 3, first, the refrigerant in the refrigerator is extracted by the refrigerant recovery means 4. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the refrigerant recovery means 4 includes a base 32, an oil pot 301, a compression device 34, and a liquid circulation pump 406. The refrigerant and oil recovered here are respectively a refrigerant recovery pot 407 and an oil recovery pot 410. And are sent to the reprocessing and processing plant as indicated by arrows 408 and 409, respectively.

The refrigerator 402 from which the refrigerant has been removed is then sent to the crushing device 7 after removing the compressor 302 and the rubber-containing rubber packing 303. Further, the washing machine 403 has the metal block parts such as the motor and the clutch 304 removed, and the television 404 has the cathode ray tube 306 removed (the remaining portion after removing the cathode ray tube 306 is almost the box body 305). Sent to.

On the other hand, the metal ingot parts such as the compressor 302, the motor and the clutch 304 removed by the pretreatment device 3 are crushed by the metal crushing device 16. In the metal ingot crushing device 16, waste metal ingot parts are cooled in the cooling device 17 by the cooling medium 1601 such as liquid air to a temperature not higher than the brittle point of the iron-based metal, and in the crushing device 18 are impact crushed. As a result,
Iron-based metals are finely crushed. The crushed waste is sent by the conveyor 1602 to the metal separating device 9 shown in FIG. Further, the cooling medium obtained by cooling the metal block by the cooling device 17 and vaporizing it can be used as a cold gas 1603 as a cold heat source for cooling the foaming agent recovery device 19 and the plastic sorting device 12.

In the crushing device 7, the waste material is controlled by the hydraulic control system 702.
Controlled at 01, the amount is controlled to enter the first crusher 703, crushed to a size of about 100 mm, and further crushed to about 50 mm by the second crusher 704.

The waste material crushed by the crushing device 7 is separated into polyurethane foam by a foam molding material air sorter 801 of a lightweight material sorting device 8. The waste from which the foamed polyurethane has been separated is first separated by a metal separating device 9 into a cord-shaped coated copper wire 902 by a screen 901 having a hole diameter of 80 to 100 mm, and an iron-based metal 908 by a two-stage iron magnetic separator 903, 904. To separate. Further, a non-ferrous metal such as aluminum 906 is selected by an eddy current of an aluminum selector 905 made by rotating a magnet, and a ferrous metal 908 is further separated by magnetic force. The waste from which these metals have been separated is mainly plastic waste 907, which is sent to the plastic separating apparatus 12 shown in FIG. On the other hand, the iron-based metal 908 separated here is sent to the iron recycling plant as indicated by arrow 909, and the aluminum 906 is sent to the aluminum recycling plant as indicated by arrow 910.

In the plastic fractionation device 12, the liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen tank 1201 is evaporated by the evaporator 1202 and injected into the low temperature chamber 1203, and the waste mainly composed of plastic sent to this is cooled to -20 to -40 ° C. Then, the blower 1205 returns it to the evaporator 1202. The waste cooled here is crushed by the selection crusher 14. This is roughly separated by sieving with a sieving separator 15. This time,
Although plastics containing a large amount of vinyl chloride can be taken out from under the sieve into the hopper 1208, plastics other than vinyl chloride that are easy to reuse are also included in this. A water-use separator (specific gravity sorter) 1209 is provided to facilitate the collection of plastics other than vinyl chloride-based plastics that are easy to reuse and to separate each material.

The foamed polyurethane separated by the foam molding material wind separator 801 is sent to the foaming agent recovery device 19 shown in FIG. The foamed material is separated from the air for transportation by the cyclone separator 802 and enters the hopper 1903. The hopper 1903 has a resin / foaming agent separating device 1904 whose inlet and outlet are closed by slide gates 1901 and 1902. Here, compression or pulverization is performed to separate the resin and the foaming agent. The separated resin is compressed and solidified by the separating device 1904, opened the slide gate 1902, and taken out to the outside, and is sent to the polyurethane processing plant as shown by an arrow 1906. On the other hand, the blowing agent separated by the separation device 1904 is adsorbed on the activated carbon by the activated carbon adsorption 1909 by the blower 1907. The foaming agent adsorbed on the activated carbon is desorbed by heat, cooled by coolers 1911 and 1912 using a cold heat source such as a cooling device 1914, and recovered as a liquefied foaming agent 1913.

In this embodiment, the plastic sorting device 12,
Although the cold heat source of the foaming agent recovery device 19 is prepared respectively, the exhausted cold heat 1603 may be used as the cold heat source when the metal crushing device 16 uses the freeze crushing.

FIGS. 15 to 20 are views showing another embodiment of the present invention. This is an example without the pretreatment device 3. FIG. 15 shows the stockyard 1 and the supply device 2. CFC recovery car (district circulation (for cooler)) 420, packer car (with CFC recovery device (including refrigerator)) 421, packer car (with CFC recovery device (without refrigerator)) 422,
The waste transported by the truck 423 or the like is put in the stockyard 1. In addition, the CFCs in the CFC recovery vehicle 420 and the packer vehicle (with a CFC recovery device (including a refrigerator)) 421 are recovered in this line as indicated by an arrow 425, and oil separation and bottling are performed. The stockyard 1 has a room-like structure so as to have a closed structure to the outside as much as possible, and the air in the stockyard is guided to an odor treatment device as indicated by an arrow 426 in order to prevent odor. In addition, the sewage (oil) that has come out here is guided through the sewage (oil) treatment through a hole provided at the bottom (arrow 429). The waste stored in the stockyard 1 is transferred to the crane 427 of the supply device 2 as shown in FIG.
It is supplied to the crushing device 7 shown in FIG. An explosion-proof shutter 706 is provided at the waste material supply port of the jumping crusher 707 of the crushing device 7,
There is an emergency blowout port 705 in the upper part of the jumping and crushing machine 707 so as to ensure safety when a gas cylinder or the like enters as waste and an explosion occurs at the time of crushing. When the waste is crushed, the jumping crusher 707 springs out parts of the metal mass such as the motor and the compressor, and the other parts are crushed here and sent to the shredder 711. The bounced metal ingot parts are sent to the metal ingot crushing device 16 by the conveyor 709. on the other hand,
Small electric appliances 428 such as a television, a microwave oven, a stereo, etc. are sent to the shredder 711 by bypassing the crushing crusher 707 from the television-only slot 708. Shredder 711
Crushes waste and releases it by material. The sewage such as oil obtained here is flowed to the sewage treatment apparatus and treated as shown by an arrow 712.

The waste material crushed and released by the shredder 711 is separated into polyurethane foam by a foam molding material air sorter 713 of the lightweight material sorting device 8. The waste from which the foamed molding material has been separated is sent to the metal separation device shown in FIG. The separated polyurethane foam is pulverized and separated into a resin and a foaming agent.
This resin portion is taken out from the hopper 710. On the other hand, the foaming agent is popping crusher 707, shredder 7
The foaming agent recovery device 19 shown in FIG.

On the other hand, the metal lump parts such as the compressor, the motor, the clutch, etc., which are thrown out by the jumping crusher 707 are conveyed by the conveyor 70
9 is sent to the metal ingot crushing device 16 and is crushed. In this metal ingot crushing device 16, waste metal ingot parts are cooled in the cooling device 17 by the cooling medium 1604 such as liquid air to below the embrittlement point of the iron-based metal, and shock crushed in the crushing device 18. As a result, the iron-based metal is finely crushed.
The crushed waste is sent to the metal separating device 9 by the conveyor 1602 made of SUS or aluminum. Further, the cooling medium that is vaporized by cooling the metal ingot by the cooling device 17 is the cold gas 16
As 03, it can be used as a cold heat source for cooling the foaming agent recovery device 19 and the plastic sorting device 12.

The waste sent to the metal separating device 9 rotates a magnet so that an eddy current can also be generated. A magnetic separator 911.
Is passed through two stages to separate into non-ferrous metal 912, ferrous metal 914, and other waste 913. Waste 913 was screened 916 and copper wire 91 still missing
7 is recovered, and glass or the like 919 is separated by a sieve of about 5 to 10 mm. This is subjected to processing of a sintered block or the like as shown by arrow 920. Most of the waste separated from glass is plastic. This waste is then sent to the plastic sorting device 12.

In the plastic separating device 12, the cold gas 1602 sent from the metal crushing device 16 is adjusted in temperature by the temperature adjusting device 1211 and injected into the low temperature chamber 1212, and the waste mainly composed of plastic sent here is sent. −
It is cooled to 20 to -40 ° C. and returned to the temperature adjusting device 1211 by the blower 1205 again. The waste cooled here is crushed by the selection crusher 14. This is roughly separated by sieving with a sieving separator 15. At this time, plastic containing a large amount of vinyl chloride can be taken out from the bottom of the sieve into the hopper 1208, but this also includes plastics other than vinyl chloride that are easy to reuse.
A water-use separator (specific gravity sorter) 1209 is provided to facilitate the collection of plastics other than vinyl chloride-based plastic that are easy to reuse, and also to separate each material.
Is. In addition, water separator (specific gravity sorter) 1209
The specific gravity liquid used in becomes gradually dirty during use. Therefore, the specific gravity liquid management device 1216 is provided for managing the specific gravity of the specific gravity liquid.

The foaming agent separated from the resin portion of the polyurethane foam separated by the foam molding material wind separator 713, including the one generated by the popping crusher 707 and the shredder 711, is blown by the blower 1916 through the filter 1915 to collect the foaming agent. Sent to 19. Here, liquefaction is performed in a deep-chill tank 1919 using self-evaporation of a foaming agent, water 1924 is separated by a water separator 1923, and flon 1925 is recovered. Further, the blowing agent having a large air content, which has been split before entering the deep-chill tank 1919, is adsorbed on the activated carbon by activated carbon adsorption 1909 as in the previous embodiment. The foaming agent adsorbed on the activated carbon is desorbed by heat, and a cooler such as a cooling device 1914 is used to cool the air.
It is cooled in 911 and collected as a liquefied foaming agent 1913.

In this embodiment, the plastic separating device 12,
Although the cold heat source of the foaming agent recovery device 19 is prepared respectively, the exhausted cold heat 1602 may be used as the cold heat source when the metal crushing device 16 uses the freeze crushing.

Although the embodiments of the apparatus for collectively performing all the processing have been described above, the elements of the apparatus can be partially used in combination as required. As an example, a device for supplying plastic 2, a crushing device 7, and a metal separating device 9 to which a plastic separating device 12 is added to perform plastic separation, which has not been consistently performed in the past, the supplying device 2, and the crushing device 7 In a device comprising a metal separating device 9 or a plastic separating device 12 added to the device, at least one of large glass taking-out means 5, refrigerant collecting means 4, and metal lump separating group 6 is provided. A waste treatment device in which the treatment device 3 is provided before or after the supply device 2 is also effective. Further, installing low-temperature crushing for crushing metal lumps in parallel in each of these devices is effective for reducing crushing power for crushing metal lumps and extending the life of the crusher.

Further, by constructing the crushing at low temperature after recovering the flon, the contamination of the coolant at the crushing at low temperature can be reduced.

Further, in a device which comprises a supply device 2, a crushing device 7 and a metal separating device 9 or a plastic separating device 12 is added to this device, a lightweight object separating device 8 is inserted after the crushing device 7 and It is considered that partial combination such as providing a foaming agent collecting device by branching from the separating device 8 to the main route is also an effective combination.

According to the above embodiment, most of the large-scale waste can be recovered and reused, and the effective use of earth resources can be achieved. In addition, the amount of waste will be extremely small, which will lead to the conventional measures for landfill shortage. In addition, this system eliminates almost all incineration, which greatly contributes to the prevention of global warming due to carbon dioxide gas generated by incineration. This system also collects CFCs used in large quantities as refrigerants and blowing agents, which were not considered in conventional waste systems.
The recovery of CFCs, which are regulated due to the destruction of the ozone layer, will greatly contribute to the protection of the global environment.

[0055]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is an effect that the recovery of CFCs as a foaming agent remaining in waste home electric appliances such as refrigerators can be carried out smoothly and reliably.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the overall configuration of a waste treatment device that uses an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the overall configuration of a waste treatment device that uses another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of an example of a plastic sorting device.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of an example of a plastic sorting device.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of a refrigerant recovery unit.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a crushing device.

FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a crusher rotary blade used in the crusher.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a stockyard and a supply device.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a stockyard, a supply device, a pretreatment device, and a metal lump crushing device.

10 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a refrigerant recovery unit in the example according to FIG.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the configurations of the crushing device and the lightweight material sorting device in the example according to FIG. 9;

12 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a metal sorting device in the example according to FIG.

13 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a plastic sorting device in the example according to FIG.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a foaming agent recovery device in the example related to FIG. 9.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a stockyard and a supply device in still another example.

16 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of the crushing device in the example according to FIG.

17 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a crushing device and a metal lump crushing device in the example according to FIG.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a metal separating device in the example according to FIG. 15.

19 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a plastic sorting device in the example according to FIG.

20 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a foaming agent recovery device in an example according to FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Stockyard, 2 ... Supply device, 3 ... Pretreatment device,
7 ... Crushing device, 8 ... Light weight sorting device, 9 ... Metal sorting device, 12 ... Plastic sorting device, 16 ... Freezing crushing device, 19 ... Foaming agent recovery device, 703 ... First crushing device, 70
4 ... second crusher, 801 ... foam molding material wind sorter.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location B03B 7/00 9344-4D B07B 13/00 B09B 5/00 ZAB // B29K 105: 26 (72) Inventor Shuji Mori 4-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Tatsuji Kato 4-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Hitachi, Ltd.

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A method of treating wastes, characterized in that the foamed molding material is released from a thin plate while crushing the waste material by crushing the waste material containing the foamed molding material. 2. The waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the crushing device is a multi-stage crusher. 3. The lightweight material sorting device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a crushed waste material is provided after the crushing device to separate the crushed waste into the foamed molding material and other materials. Waste treatment method. 4. The waste treatment method according to claim 3, wherein a wind sorter is used as the light weight sorting apparatus. 5. The waste treatment method according to claim 3, wherein the separated foamed molding material is crushed to separate into a solid resin portion and a gaseous foaming agent. 6. The waste treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the foaming agent is cooled, liquefied and recovered. 7. The waste according to claim 4, wherein the foaming material is blown upward by the air blower from diagonally downward to diagonally upward, and the other is dropped downward. Processing method. 8. The waste treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the separated resin portion is compressed. 9. A waste material containing a foamed molding material is crushed, then the foamed molding material and other materials are separated, and the separated foamed molding material is crushed to obtain a solid resin portion and a gas foaming agent. A method for treating waste, which comprises separating the resin portion and compressing the separated resin portion.