JPH0829224B2 - Dialysis machine - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a dialysis machine.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, as a dialysis device for removing waste products and water from blood, for example, one disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-82 is known.

In the above, the inside of the dialysate container is a movable partition wall,
It is divided into a dialysate supply chamber and a dialysate recovery chamber, the dialysate supply chamber is connected to the inlet of the dialyzer, the dialysate recovery chamber is connected to the outlet of the dialyzer, and the dialysate container and A closed circuit is configured by the dialyzer, and the dialysate introduced into the dialysate supply chamber is supplied to the dialyzer and discharged from the dialyzer at the same time as the volume of the dialysate supply chamber decreases. The used dialysate is recovered in the dialysate recovery chamber according to the increase in the volume of the dialysate recovery chamber.

In this type of dialysis device, the amount of dialysate supplied from the dialysate supply chamber to the dialyzer and the amount of used dialysate recovered from the dialyzer into the dialysate recovery chamber can be matched exactly.

Therefore, in the above-mentioned dialysis device, the used dialysate is weighed and taken out from the middle of the closed circuit, but in this way, the amount of the used dialysate taken out from the closed circuit becomes the dewatering amount. Match.

Therefore, the amount of water removed can be accurately controlled from the amount of the used dialysate taken out from the closed circuit.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the related art, as described above, since the used dialysate is measured and taken out from the middle of the closed circuit, the measuring means is contaminated by the used dialysate. As a result, an error occurs in the measured value at an early stage, which causes a problem that the amount of water removed per unit time cannot be stably maintained for a long period of time.

An object of the present invention is to provide a dialysis machine that can solve the above problems.

(Means for Solving the Problem) In order to achieve the above object, the means adopted by the present invention is that the dialysate container is a. A dialysate supply chamber that is in selective communication with the inlet of the dialyzer and a source of dialysate liquid;
The dialyzer has an outlet and a dialysate recovery chamber that selectively communicates with the outside.When the dialysate container and the dialyzer are in communication, a closed circuit is formed in the dialysate supply chamber, dialysate recovery chamber and dialyzer. Formed, a. As the volume of the dialysate supply chamber decreases, the inside and the dialysate are supplied to the dialyzer, and at the same time, b. According to the increase in the volume of the dialysate recovery chamber, the used dialysate discharged from the dialyzer is collected therein, and when the dialysate container and the dialyzer are not in communication, a. As the volume of the dialysate supply chamber increases, the dialysate stock solution and water are supplied to the inside of the dialysate supply chamber from the supply source of the dialysate liquid. A dialyzer in which the used dialysate inside the dialysate is discharged to the outside according to the decrease in the volume of the dialysate collection chamber, in which the dialysate supply chamber and the dialysate collection chamber share a movable partition wall and are adjacent to each other. The dialysate supply chamber and the dialysate recovery chamber each have a bellows on the peripheral wall portion that can expand and contract only in the direction perpendicular to the movable partition wall, and the above-mentioned fluctuations in the volumes of the dialysate supply chamber and the dialysate recovery chamber are Movable partition wall movement limiting means for limiting movement of the movable partition wall in the dialysate recovery chamber direction and the dialysate supply chamber direction is provided by moving the movable partition wall in the dialysate supply chamber direction or the dialysate recovery chamber direction. The side wall of the dialysate supply chamber facing the movable partition is fixed, and the side wall of the dialysate recovery chamber facing the movable partition is moved back and forth with respect to the movable partition to provide a dialysate supply chamber and a dialysate recovery chamber. Gradually increase one volume without changing the other volume The point is that the means for gradually increasing the volume is provided.

In the above case, the amount of water removed can be controlled by increasing the volume of the dialysate recovery chamber by the volume gradually increasing means.

In the above case, the concentration of the dialysate can be controlled by increasing the volume of the dialysate supply chamber by the volume increasing means.

(Operation) According to the configuration of the present invention, during dialysis, the movable partition moves toward the dialysate supply chamber, so that the dialysate introduced into the dialysate supply chamber (hereinafter referred to as the supply chamber) is bellows of the supply chamber. Is supplied to the dialyzer according to the decrease in the volume of the supply chamber due to the reduction of

At the same time, the used dialysate discharged from the dialyzer is recovered in the recovery chamber according to the increase in the volume of the recovery chamber due to the expansion of the bellows of the dialysate recovery chamber (hereinafter referred to as the recovery chamber).

At this time, when the bellows of the recovery chamber is expanded by the volume gradually increasing means, the volume of the recovery chamber is increased in addition to the increase of the volume of the recovery chamber due to the decrease in the volume of the supply chamber.

As a result, the amount of used dialysate that exceeds the amount of dialysate supplied from the supply chamber to the dialyzer will be collected in the collection chamber. The used dialysate collected in this collection chamber and the dialysate supplied to the dialyzer will be collected. The difference in the amount of water is the amount of water removed.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 is a dialyzer, the inside of which is a semi-permeable membrane 2 and is a non-treatment liquid chamber 3
Blood as a liquid to be treated is introduced into the liquid chamber 3 to be treated through the supply passage 5 and discharged from the liquid chamber 3 to be treated through the discharge passage 6. .

Reference numerals 7 and 7 ′ are first and second dialysate supply / collection units arranged in parallel, and are alternately connected to the dialyzer 1.

The first dialysate supply / collection unit 7 includes a first dialysate container 8 and
It has a pair of limit switches 9 and 10 as first movable partition wall movement limiting means, and a first volume increasing device 11.

The first dialysate container 8 is connected to the dialyzer 1 and constitutes a first closed circuit 12, and the inside thereof is partitioned by a first movable partition 14 into a first supply chamber 15 and a first recovery chamber 16. And
The side wall of the first supply chamber 15 is fixed.

The first movable partition 14 is made of a rigid plate, and has a portion projecting outward from the first dialysate container 8 on the limit switch side.

The peripheral wall portions of the first supply chamber 15 and the first recovery chamber 16 are formed by expandable and contractible bellows 17, 18, and the corresponding end portions are connected, and the first movable partition wall 14 is connected to the connection portion. The bellows 17, which is fixed and moves by the first movable partition wall 14,
18 expands and contracts so that the volumes of the first supply chamber 15 and the first recovery chamber 16 can be changed.

In addition, the bellows 17 and 18 are attached to the first movable partition wall 14 by a guide or the like.
It is configured to move only in the direction perpendicular to.

The limit switches 9 and 10 are arranged on both end sides of the first dialysis solution container 8 and are activated when the first movable partition 14 moves to the positions of the limit switches 9 and 10.

That is, the protruding portion of the first movable partition 14 is the limit switch 9
Alternatively, the limit switch 9 or 10 is actuated to stop the movement of the first movable partition 14 when it comes into contact with the first movable partition 14.

The first volume increasing device 11 gradually expands the bellows 17 or 18 to increase the volume of the first supply chamber 15 or the first recovery chamber 16, and the end of the first dialysate container 8 on the recovery chamber side. It has a screw shaft 19 projecting from the portion, a nut 20 with which the screw shaft 19 is screwed, and a servomotor 21 for rotationally driving the nut 20.

Since the second dialysate supply / collection unit 7'has the same configuration as the first dialysate supply / collection unit 7, the first dialysate supply / collection unit 7 '
Regarding the same parts as the collecting part 7 and the names of the same parts,
Among the names used in the dialysate supply / collection unit 7, “first” is changed to “second”, and the reference numeral is “′” in the reference used in the first dialysate supply / collection unit 7. Is attached.

By the way, the supply chambers 15 and 15 'of the first dialysate container 8 and the second dialysate container 8'are respectively provided by the first supply side three-way solenoid valve 23 and the second supply side three-way solenoid valve 23'. To the dialyzer 1 and to the water supply source via the introduction passage 30.

The supply path 24 is connected to the inlet of the dialyzer 1, and the supply path 24 is provided with a flow switch 25, a flow rate control valve 26, a flow meter 27, and a dialysate concentration meter 28.

In addition, the introduction path 30 has a solenoid valve 31, a depressurization and flow rate control valve 3
2, heater 33, degassing pump 34, air separator 3
5, the solenoid valve 36 is provided.

Solenoid valve 36 in the introduction passage 30 and both supply side three-way solenoid valve 23,
A stock solution tank 37, a stock solution tank 38, and a stock solution tank 39 are connected between 23 'via solenoid valves 40, 41, 42, respectively. Normally, each solenoid valve 40, 41, 42 is It is said to be in a closed position.

Further, normally, the A stock solution tank 37 contains an electrolyte solution containing Na, Ca, etc., the B stock solution tank 38 contains an NaHCO ₃ solution, etc., and the C stock solution tank 39 contains an NaCl solution, a glucose solution, a Ca solution, etc. However, they are stored respectively.

A collection chamber 16 for the first dialysate container 8 and the second dialysate container 8 ',
16 'is switched and connected to the collection path 45 or the discharge path 48 by the first discharge side three-way solenoid valve 44 and the second discharge side three-way solenoid valve 44', respectively.

The recovery passage 45 is connected to the outlet of the dialyzer 1, and the recovery passage 45 is provided with a hydraulic pump 46 and an air separator 47.

 Further, the discharge passage 48 is provided with a solenoid valve 49.

According to the embodiment configured as described above, during dialysis,
The dialysate in one of the first dialysate container 8 and the second dialysate container 8'is supplied from the outside, the used dialysate is discharged to the outside from the one, and the dialysate to the dialyzer 1 from the other. Is supplied and the used dialysate from the dialyzer 1 is collected in the other side.

Now, for example, it is assumed that the dialysate is supplied from the outside to the first dialysate container 8 and the second dialysate container 8'is connected to the dialyzer 1.

In this state, looking at the operating condition of the first dialysate supply / collection unit 7, the dialysate is supplied to the first dialysate container 8 as follows.

That is, the first supply side three-way solenoid valve 23 connects the introduction passage 30 and the first supply chamber 15 of the first dialysate container 8, the solenoid valve 31 is in the open posture, and the solenoid valve 36. Is in a closed position.

Further, the first discharge side three-way solenoid valve 44 connects the first recovery chamber 16 of the first dialysate container 8 and the discharge passage 48, and the solenoid valve 49 is in a closed posture.

Then, in the first dialysate container 8, first, the A stock solution tank
Stock solution A is supplied from 37.

At this time, the solenoid valve 40 is opened, and the servomotor 21 of the first volume increasing device 11 is driven to rotate the nut 20. As a result, the screw shaft 19 is screwed to the nut 20 side. Then, the bellows 17 expands, the volume of the first supply chamber 15 is increased, and the A stock solution is sucked into the first supply chamber 15.

Next, in the same manner, the first supply chamber 15 of the first dialysate container 8
B stock solution and C stock solution are supplied to.

When all the predetermined stock solutions are supplied to the first supply chamber 15 of the first dialysate container 8, the solenoid valve 36 is opened and the solenoid valve 49 is also opened so that the first dialysate container is opened. The first collection chamber 16 of No. 8 is opened to the outside via the first discharge side three-way solenoid valve 44 and the discharge passage 48.

Then, water is supplied from the water supply source to the first supply chamber 15 of the first dialysate container 8, the bellows 17 of the first supply chamber 15 is expanded, and the volume of the first supply chamber 15 is increased.

At the same time, the bellows 18 of the first recovery chamber 16 shrinks in accordance with the increase in the volume of the first supply chamber 15 that accompanies water supply, and the volume of the first recovery chamber 16 decreases.

As a result, the used dialysate is discharged from the first recovery chamber 16 of the first dialysate container 8 to the outside through the discharge passage 48 in accordance with the decrease in the volume of the first recovery chamber 16, and the first movable chamber is moved. Partition 14
The above-described operation is performed until the protruding portion of comes into contact with the limit switch 10.

In addition, it is preferable that after the stock solution A is added and before the stock solution B is added, water is added so that the stock solution is not directly mixed.

Usually, the C stock solution is not used, but the A stock solution is mixed with 1, the B stock solution is mixed with 2, and the water is mixed with 32 at a ratio, and is used as a dialysate.

When water is supplied to the first supply chamber 15 of the first dialysis container 8 and the used dialysate is discharged from the first recovery chamber 16, the servomotor 21 of the first volume increasing device 11 reversely reverses the above. When driven, the screw shaft 19 retracts to its original position.

On the other hand, looking at the operation status of the second dialysate supply / recovery section 7 ', as described below, the dialysate is supplied from the second dialysate container 8'to the dialyzer 1 and also from the dialyzer 1. The used dialysate is collected in the second dialysate container 8 '.

That is, the second supply side three-way solenoid valve 23 'connects the second supply chamber 15' of the second dialysate container 8'with the supply passage 24, and the second discharge side three-way solenoid valve 44 'is 2 dialysate container 8 '
The second collecting chamber 16 ′ is connected to the collecting passage 45.

Then, the operation of the second dialysate supply / collection unit 7'is
The operation is performed in parallel with the operation of the dialysate supply / collection unit 7 as follows.

That is, the hydraulic pump 46 is operated, and the used dialysate from the dialyzer 1 passes through the recovery passage 45 and the second dialysate container 8 ′.
The second recovery chamber 16 'is recovered, and the bellows 18' of the second recovery chamber 16 'is thereby expanded to increase the volume of the second recovery chamber 16'.

Correspondingly, the bellows 17 'of the second supply chamber 15'
Is reduced, the volume of the second supply chamber 15 'is reduced, and the dialysate in the second supply chamber 15' is reduced to the second supply chamber 15 '.
Is supplied to the dialyzer 1 via the supply passage 24 in accordance with the decrease in the volume of the second movable partition 14 '.
The process is performed until it comes into contact with the limit switch 9'as the movable partition wall movement limiting means.

Then, in the above case, the servomotor 21 'of the second adjusting device 11' is driven to rotate the nut 20 ', whereby the screw shaft 19' is screwed to the nut 20 'side, and 2 collection room 1
The 6'bellows 18 'is extended and the second recovery chamber 1
The volume of 6'is increased.

Thereby, the second recovery chamber 16 'of the second dialysate container 8'
Therefore, the used dialysate more than the amount of the dialysate supplied to the dialyzer 1 from the second supply chamber 15 'is recovered, and the used dialysate and the dialyzer collected in the second recovery chamber 16' are collected. The difference in the amount of dialysate supplied to 1 is the amount of water removed.

When the protruding portion of the second movable partition 14 'comes into contact with the limit switch 9', the second supply side three-way solenoid valve 23 'is closed and the second discharge side three-way solenoid valve 44' is used for the second dialysis. The second recovery chamber 16 'of the liquid container 8'and the discharge path 48 are connected to each other, whereby the solenoid valve 49 is in the open posture,
The second recovery chamber 16 'is opened to the outside.

At the same time, the servomotor 21 'of the second volume increasing device 11' operates in the opposite manner to reduce the bellows 18 'of the second recovery chamber 16' to reduce the volume of the second recovery chamber 16 '. And the used dialysate for the amount of water removed is discharged to the outside.

After that, the operations of the first dialysate supply / collection unit 7 and the second dialysate supply / collection unit 7'are reversed, and the above operation is repeated.

As described above, at the time of collecting the used dialysate from the dialyzer 1, the amount of water removed can be determined by adjusting the first and second volume increasing devices 11, 11 '.

Therefore, as in the conventional case, the means for measuring the amount of water removed is contaminated with the used dialysate, which causes an error in the measured value at an early stage, which makes it impossible to maintain the amount of water removed per unit time stably. There is no problem.

In the above embodiment, the volume increasing device is composed of the screw shaft, the nut with which the screw shaft is screwed, the servo motor for rotating the nut, and the like. It may be composed of a piston fixed to the end, a cylinder in which the piston is slidably provided, a pump for supplying a liquid into the cylinder to slide the piston, a servomotor for driving the pump, and the like.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the drive sources of the first and second volume increasing devices are separate, but they may be shared when the concentration control is not necessary (in the case of control of only water removal).

(Effects of the Invention) As described in detail above, according to the present invention, α. The supply chamber and the recovery chamber each have a bellows on the peripheral wall portion that can expand and contract only in the direction perpendicular to the movable partition wall. The side wall of the supply chamber facing the movable partition is fixed, and the side wall of the recovery chamber facing the movable partition is moved back and forth with respect to the movable partition to change the volume of one of the supply chamber and the recovery chamber to the other. Volume increasing means for increasing the volume without changing the volume is provided, and γ. Since the movable partition wall movement limiting means for limiting the movement of the movable partition wall in the collection chamber direction and the supply chamber direction was provided, the amount of water removal was determined by adjusting the volume increasing device when collecting the used dialysate from the dialyzer. It is possible to maintain the amount of water removed per unit time for a long period of time without the contamination of the measuring means of the amount of water removed with the used dialysate as in the conventional method. When supplying the stock solution and water, the concentration of the dialysate can be controlled by adjusting the volume increasing device, and the volume of one of the supply chamber and the recovery chamber can be gradually increased without changing the volume of the other. Nevertheless, the structure of the dialysate container and the volume increasing means can be simplified.

Further, with the above configuration of γ, it is possible to prevent the movable partition wall from moving by a predetermined amount or more, and thus, in the supply chamber and the recovery chamber,
It is possible to prevent the side wall facing the movable partition wall and the movable partition wall from coming into close contact with each other and preventing the movable partition wall from moving smoothly due to the surface tension of the dialysate or water.

 The present invention has the above advantages and is of great benefit.

[Brief description of drawings]

The figure is an overall simplified diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. 1 ... dialyzer, 8, 8 '... first and second dialysate containers,
9, 9 ', 10, 10' ... Limit switch, 11, 11 '...
... First and second volume increasing devices, 12, 12 '... First, second closed circuit, 14,14' ... First, second movable partition walls, 15,15 '...
... first and second supply chambers, 16, 16 '... first and second recovery chambers,
17, 17 ', 18, 18' ... Bellows.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A dialysate container is a. A dialysate supply chamber that selectively communicates with an inlet of the dialyzer and a source of the dialysate liquid; The dialyzer outlet has a dialysate recovery chamber that is selectively in communication with the outside, and when the dialysate container and the dialyzer are in communication, a closed circuit is formed in the dialysate supply chamber, dialysate recovery chamber and dialyzer. Formed, a. As the volume of the dialysate supply chamber decreases, the dialysate inside is supplied to the dialyzer and at the same time, b. As the volume of the dialysate recovery chamber increases, the used dialysate discharged from the dialyzer is collected therein, and when the dialysate container is not in communication with the dialyzer, a. As the volume of the dialysate supply chamber increases, the dialysate stock solution and water are supplied to the inside of the dialysate supply chamber from the source, and at the same time, b. A dialyzer in which a used dialysate inside the dialysate is discharged to the outside according to a decrease in volume of the dialysate collection chamber, wherein the dialysate supply chamber and the dialysate collection chamber share a movable partition wall.
Adjacent to each other, the dialysate supply chamber and the dialysate recovery chamber each have bellows on the peripheral wall that can expand and contract only in the direction perpendicular to the movable partition wall. Is carried out by moving the movable partition wall toward the dialysate supply chamber or the dialysate recovery chamber, and a movable partition wall movement limiting means for restricting the movement of the movable partition wall toward the dialysate collection chamber and the dialysate supply chamber is provided. The side wall of the dialysate supply chamber facing the movable partition is fixed, and the side wall of the dialysate recovery chamber facing the movable partition is moved back and forth with respect to the movable partition to move the dialysate supply chamber and the dialysate. A dialysis device comprising a volume gradually increasing means for gradually increasing one volume of the recovery chamber without changing the other volume. 2. The dialyzer according to claim 1, wherein the amount of water removed is controlled by increasing the volume of the dialysate recovery chamber by the volume gradually increasing means. 3. The dialyzer according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the dialysate is controlled by increasing the volume of the dialysate supply chamber by means of the volume gradually increasing means.