JPH0826331B2 - Kerosene - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to kerosene, and more particularly to kerosene excellent as a fuel for heating.

[Prior art and its problems] Kerosene is widely used as a heating fuel for home use. However, users do not like the smell of petroleum or the discomfort caused by sticking to their hands when refueling an oil stove. There was a shortcoming. Further, in the open type oil stove, there is a drawback that unburned or incompletely burned hydrocarbon compounds and oxygen-containing compounds are generated at the time of ignition and digestion, and an unpleasant odor is emitted. Further, the safety and comfort of petroleum stoves demanded by users (the amount of NO _X , hydrocarbon compounds, CO, SO _2, etc. generated is small and there is no unpleasant odor) and the like are increasing year by year. Therefore, the kerosene used in the oil stove must be able to sufficiently meet the needs of users.

As a method for solving the above-mentioned drawbacks generally recognized in kerosene, a method using a kerosene vaporization catalyst (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-16
No. 814), a method of adding a deodorant to kerosene (JP-B-54)
-32003), kerosene composed of n-paraffins and isoparaffins (JP-A-63-150380), and the like.

However, in the method using the kerosene vaporization catalyst, it is difficult to maintain clean combustion for a long time because the catalyst deteriorates with time. The method of adding a deodorant to kerosene was not very effective because of its troublesome preparation and the problem of individual preference for odor. In addition, kerosene composed of n-paraffins and isoparaffins has a problem that the production cost is significantly increased and the kerosene becomes expensive.

On the other hand, the present inventors have previously developed kerosene that satisfies the above requirements and have already applied for a patent (Japanese Patent Application No. 63-264929).
issue).

As a result of repeated studies to develop kerosene with further excellent performance, the present inventors have found that the distillation temperature, sulfur content, aromatic content, and naphthalene content are combustible, exhaust gas cleanliness, and deep odor during handling. The inventors have found that they have a relationship, and have completed the present invention.

An object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance kerosene having excellent combustibility, high exhaust gas cleanliness, and low odor during handling.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The kerosene of the present invention has (1) a kerosene flammability deterioration index (KCDI) defined by the following equation:
1.0 or less, KCDI = 1.95W _NA + 0.06V (> T _{220 ℃} ) (2) Sulfur content is 1wtppm or less based on the total amount of kerosene, and (3) Kerosene odor index (KSI) defined by the following formula is 1.5 The following is characterized by KSI = 0.01V (≦ T _{180 ° C.} ) + 1.2iogV _A.

In the above formula, W _NA is the amount of naphthalene (t
w%), V (> T _{220 ° C} ) is the boiling point of 220 relative to the total amount of kerosene.
The amount of the fraction (vol%) exceeding ℃, V (≦ T _{180 ℃} ) is the amount of the fraction having a boiling point of 180 ℃ or less (vol%) to the total amount of kerosene,
V _A represents the amount of aromatic components (vol%) relative to the total amount of kerosene.

 Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in more detail.

The kerosene of the present invention has (1) KCDI ≦ 1.0, (2) sulfur content of 1 wtppm or less relative to the total amount of kerosene, and (3) KSI ≦ 1.5.
It is necessary to meet all one condition. If none of the above conditions are satisfied, the performance is inferior, which is not preferable.

That is, condition (1) is that the amount of naphthalene (wt%) is 1.95 times the total amount of kerosene, and the boiling point is
It shows that the value of KCDI calculated from the sum of the amount of the fraction (vol%) exceeding 220 ° C. and 0.06 times is 1.0 or less, preferably 0.8 or less. Here, the naphthalene component includes naphthalene, acenaphthene, and alkylated products thereof, such as methylnaphthalene, ethylnaphthalene, methylacenaphthalene, and ethylacenaphthalene. If the KCDI value exceeds 1.0, the combustibility of kerosene deteriorates, which is not preferable. The individual values of W _NA and V (> T _{220 ° C} ) are not particularly limited, but W _NA is 0.1 wt% or less, preferably 0.08 wt% or less, and V (> T _{220 ° C} ) is 10 vol%.
Below, it is desirable to be below 9.0vol% preferably.

Further, the kerosene of the present invention is required to have a sulfur content of 1 wtppm or less, preferably 0.8 wtppm or less based on the total amount of kerosene, as shown in the condition (2). If the sulfur content exceeds 1 wtppm, the amount of SO ₂ in the exhaust gas during combustion will increase. In addition, the corrosion of combustion equipment and the like due to the combustion exhaust gas increases.

Furthermore, the condition (3) is that the boiling point is 180 relative to the total amount of kerosene.
The KSI value calculated by adding 0.01 times the amount of the fraction (vol%) below ℃ and 1.2 times the logarithm of the amount of the aromatic content (vol%) to the total amount of kerosene is 1.5 or less, preferably 1.4. It indicates the following. Here, logarithm means common logarithm.
When the KSI value exceeds 1.6, the odor during handling increases, which is not preferable. The individual values of V (≦ T _{180 ° C.} ) and V _A are not particularly limited. For example, even if V (≦ T _{180 ° C.} ) is large, there is no odor problem if V _A is smaller than a value satisfying KSI ≦ 1.5. Similarly, even if V _A is large, V (≦ T _{180 ° C.} ) If the value is less than or equal to ≦ 1.5, the odor during handling is sufficiently low.

In addition, as a reminder, the distillation temperature in the present invention is JIS
The distillation temperature specified by the fuel oil distillation test method of K 2254, the naphthalene content is the value according to the JIS K 2276 naphthalene content test method (ultraviolet spectrophotometric method), and the aromatic content is JIS
The value measured by the K 2536 fuel oil hydrocarbon component test method (fluorescent indicator adsorption method) is based on JIS K 25
The values measured by the microcoulometric titration oxidation method specified in 41 are shown.

The kerosene of the present invention is a kerosene that is excellent in combustibility and cleanliness of exhaust gas and has little odor during handling because it satisfies the above conditions (1) to (3).
It is preferable that the conditions for No. 1 kerosene specified in JIS K 2203 are satisfied. That is, the reaction is neutral and the flash point is 40 ° C.
As described above, it is preferable that the 95% distillation temperature is 270 ° C. or less, the smoke point is 23 or more, the copper plate corrosion (50 ° C., 3 hours) is 1 or less, and the color (Seybolt) is +25 or more.

The method for producing kerosene of the present invention is arbitrary and can be obtained by distilling crude oil. In addition, a kerosene fraction with a low aromatic hydrocarbon content, such as Minas crude oil from Indonesia, is distilled to obtain crude kerosene containing a large fraction from 180 ° C to 220 ° C and hydrorefining it. You can also get it. Further, with respect to the kerosene fraction having an aromatic hydrocarbon content of 10 vol% or more, the kerosene of the present invention can be obtained by hydrogenating the aromatic hydrocarbon to reform it into a naphthene hydrocarbon or the like. Further, it is also possible to use a kerosene fraction obtained by subjecting heavy gas oil to a hydrocracking device, so-called hydrogenolysis kerosene.

The kerosene of the present invention includes, if necessary, an antioxidant such as a phenol type or amine type, a metal deactivator such as a Schiff type compound or a thioamide type compound, a surface ignition inhibitor such as an organic phosphorus type compound, and succinic acid. Detergents and dispersants such as imides, polyalkyl amines and polyether amines, anti-icing agents such as polyhydric alcohols and their ethers, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, combustion improvers such as sulfuric acid esters of higher alcohols, Known fuel oil additives including antistatic agents such as anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants and colorants such as azo dyes may be added alone or in combination of two or more. . The amount of these fuel additives added is arbitrary, but the total amount added is usually in the range of 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 0.05% by weight.

The kerosene of the present invention is preferably used for so-called consumer heating equipment, for example, various stoves or petroleum type oil feeders, and among them, most preferable as a fuel for open-ended petroleum stoves such as core up-down oil stoves and oil fan heaters. Used. In addition, direct fire type food drying fuel,
It can be preferably used for various purposes such as industrial fuel, petroleum engine fuel, and solvent.

[Examples] Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.

Example 1 A kerosene fraction of Sumatra crude oil obtained from a topper was treated with a kerosene hydrorefining apparatus filled with a nickel-molybdenum catalyst. Processing conditions are 320 ℃, 40kg / cm ³ , L
HSV = 4. The refined oil (A) thus obtained was subjected to precision distillation to obtain high quality kerosene having a boiling point range of 166.5 to 230 ° C.
The properties are shown in Table 1. The W _NA of this oil is 0.05, V (>
T ₂₂₀ ) was 6.0 and KCDI was 0.45. Also V
(≦ T _{180 ° C.} ) was 30.0, V _A was 8.8, and KSI was 1.43. The sulfur content was 1 ppm or less.

Example 2 The refined oil (A) obtained in Example 1 was precision distilled to obtain a fraction having a boiling point range of 164.5 to 230.5 ° C. The properties are shown in Table 1. This oil has a W _NA of 0.06, a V (> T _{220 ° C} ) of 8.5, and a KCDI of 0.61. Also, V (≦ T _{180 ℃} ) is 30.0, V
_A is 8.7 and KSI is 1.42. The sulfur content was 1 ppm or less.

Example 3 A commercially available Arabian-based JIS No. 1 kerosene was nuclear hydrogenated with a platinum catalyst so that the total aromatic content was 10% or less, and further precision distillation was used to produce high-quality kerosene with a boiling point range of 165.5 to 232.5 ° C. Got The properties of the obtained oil are shown in Table 1. W of this oil
_NA is 0.1, V (> T _{220 ° C} ) is 6.5, and KCDI is 0.59. Furthermore, V (≦ T _{180 ℃} ) is 27.5, V _A is 8.0,
The KSI will be 1.36. The sulfur content of this oil was less than 1 ppm.

Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The Sumatra refined oil (A) shown in Example 1 was used without rectification (Comparative Example 1), and the refined oil (A) was rectified to remove heavy components. An oil (Comparative Example 2) and an oil (Comparative Example 3) from which the light component of the refined oil (A) was removed were produced. The properties of each sample oil are shown in Table-1. The KCDI of these sample oils is 1.
28,0.45 and 1.74 with KSI of 1.52,1.57 and
It becomes 1.19.

Comparative Examples 4 and 5 A commercially available Arabic-type JIS No. 1 kerosene (Comparative Example 4) and a sample oil (Comparative Example 5) from which light and heavy components were removed by rectifying and distilling it were produced. The properties of each sample oil are shown in Table-1.
The KCDIs of these sample oils are 2.66 and 2.32, respectively.
I are 1.73 and 1.62 respectively.

The following tests were conducted using the kerosene of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.

1. Odor sensory test (at the time of handling) An odor sensory test was performed on each sample oil by 20 subjects assuming the odor at the time of handling. In the test, 80 cc of each sample was put in a glass container with a 100 cc stopper, and the stopper was 10
The sample was opened for 2 seconds, and the odor of the sample was sniffed in the latter 5 seconds, and the odor intensity was measured using the 6-stage odor intensity evaluation scale shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Table-3.

2. Stove Combustion Test Using the sample oils of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, a core top and bottom stove (manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.) was used for combustion for 1000 hours under the combustion condition with the smallest scale of the core. Continuous combustion was performed. The difference in fuel consumption due to the difference in fuel is shown by the change in fuel consumption during the combustion period, with 100 at the start of combustion. Further, the degree of soiling of the wick after burning for 1000 hours was measured as a degree of blackening of the wick in five steps (1 being the least dirty) with a commercially available JIS No. 1 kerosene as 5. The results are shown in Fig. 1.

As is clear from the test results of the odor sensory test and the stove combustion test, the kerosene of the present invention has less odor during handling than the kerosene of the comparative example, and the decrease in fuel consumption is also significantly small, resulting in blackening of the core. The degree was 1 in each case, which proved that the flammability was good. Further, since the kerosene of the present invention has good flammability, it was confirmed that the odor at the time of ignition and digestion was smaller than that of the sample oil of the comparative example, and the unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide at the time of steady combustion were also small. did. The kerosene of Comparative Example 2 has the same fuel consumption reduction and the degree of blackening of the wick as those of the present invention, but has a large odor during handling, and the kerosene of Comparative Example 3 has the same odor of during handling as the present invention. In Although,
Significantly inferior in terms of fuel consumption and blackening of the wick.

[Effects of the Invention] The high-quality kerosene of the present invention has almost no odor during handling as compared with the conventional commercially available JIS No. 1, and because it has good flammability, it is the top and bottom stove that is most sensitive to the properties of oil. Even when used for, the decrease in fuel consumption is extremely small,
Also, there is almost no stain on the core. Furthermore, the combustion exhaust gas is also clean, which is considered to be in line with the people's desire to live a healthier family life.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of the stove combustion test (changes in fuel consumption of the upper and lower wick stoves and degree of blackening of the wick).

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A kerosene flammability deterioration index (KCDI) represented by the formula (1) 1.95 W _NA +0.06 V (> T _{220 ° C.} ) is 1.0 or less, and (2) sulfur content is 1 wtppm with respect to the total amount of kerosene. or less and (3) 0.01V (≦ T _{180 ℃)} +1.2 kerosene logV kerosene odor index represented by _a (KSI) is equal to or more than 1.5. 2. The kerosene according to claim 1, which is obtained by distilling crude oil.