JPH08242701A - Culture bed and culture trellis using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a culture trellis capable of cooling only a crop planted in a pot without exerting an undesirable influence on roots of a seedling and other culture beds because of retention of cold air at the upper part of a bed main body, consequently capable of carrying out floral differentiation of a winter crop in summer season and gradually enlarging it without ripening it in a short period. CONSTITUTION: This culture bed 1 comprises a long and narrow box-shaped bed main body 2, a heat insulating plate 3 for closing an opening at the top of the bed main body 2 except a part of a pot P in which a seedling N is planted, a radiating pipe 21 for passing through cold water set above the heat insulating plate and a convection preventing film 22 made of a resin film extended upward from the tops of a right and a left side walls 6 of the main body 2, respectively.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cultivation bed used in the field of agriculture and a cultivation shelf using the cultivation bed. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cultivation floor and a cultivation shelf for cultivating crops that cannot be harvested in summer, such as fruits such as strawberries and flowers such as orchids.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, this type of cultivation bed has not been known.

[0003]

The above conventional cultivation beds are arranged in a greenhouse to grow summer vegetables and the like in winter. However, it is difficult to grow strawberries and other winter vegetables and fruits in summer. That is, flower bud differentiation of such crops (winter temperature, encountering sunshine conditions and establishing flower buds) varies depending on the kind of crop, and for example, strawberry is first performed at a temperature of about 10 to 17 ° C, but even in that case. Irradiation to some extent, such as sunlight, is usually required. Therefore, when the device is placed in a greenhouse or the like to cool the inside and maintain a low temperature, the temperature rise due to the irradiation of sunlight negates the effect of the cooling, resulting in enormous waste of energy. For winter crops, it is preferable to keep the medium temperature relatively high, but if the temperature of the above-ground part is high, the "fruit" will become colored and ripen before it grows large, and a sufficiently enlarged fruit will be collected. Can not do. The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and it is possible to provide a cultivation floor that can easily cultivate winter crops at low cost even in the summer, and a cultivation shelf that enables efficient cultivation and harvesting. It is a technical issue.

[0004]

The cultivation bed of the present invention has an elongated box-shaped container body having an opening at the top and containing a medium therein, and a container body in which a crop is planted. It consists of a heat insulating material that covers the upper surface, a cooling radiating pipe that is arranged above the heat insulating material along the container body, and a convection prevention wall that is provided so as to stand up from the upper ends of the side walls on both sides of the container body. It is characterized by that.

The convection prevention wall may be made of a stretched synthetic resin film, and may be translucent. Preferably, the heat radiating pipe and the convection preventing wall are detachably attached to the container body. Furthermore, inside the container body, a water-permeable insole that divides the interior into an upper part and a bottom part is provided, and the medium is stored in the upper part.
Preferably, the bottom is a water channel. Further, it is preferable to provide a water-permeable mat for draining water from the inner surface of the side wall of the container body to the bottom, or to pass a watering tube above the culture medium inside the container body. Further, piping for heating or sterilization can be passed through the water distribution groove as required. It is preferable that holes for accommodating cultivation pots are provided in the heat insulating material at predetermined intervals, the outer periphery of the upper end of each pot is fitted into the hole, and the lower end is buried in the medium. Further, on the left and right of the lower part of the container body, rod-shaped supporting members are arranged along the container body, and the shelf is placed on a shelf composed of a plurality of rod-shaped shelf members provided in a direction intersecting with the supporting members. It may be slidably provided in the longitudinal direction of the member.

The cultivation shelf of the present invention comprises a shelf comprising a plurality of bar-shaped shelf members arranged in parallel at an interval through which a person can pass, and slidable on the shelf in a direction crossing the shelf member. And a plurality of the cultivation beds placed on the cultivation floor. In this cultivation shelf, it is preferable that a part of the shelf member is detachably provided within a range through which a person can pass.
Further, between adjacent cultivation floors, a truck having tracks on the side walls of the respective radiation pipes or the container body may be mounted so as to be able to run freely. The shelves of the cultivation shelves may be provided in a plurality of stages vertically.

[0007]

In the cultivation floor of the present invention, cold water or the like is flowed through a cooling radiation pipe to send cool air to a space above the heat insulating material of the container body. Since such cool air is blocked by the convection prevention walls rising on both sides of the container body, it does not flow out to the outside and stays inside without convection beyond the upper part of the container body. On the other hand, since the upper part of the container body is shielded by the heat insulating material, the cool air does not enter the medium portion inside the container. Therefore, the root part of the crop is less affected by cold air, and damage such as root death is prevented. Sunlight or illumination light can be applied from above between the left and right anti-convection walls. Also, when the convection prevention walls are translucent, sunlight and illumination light sufficiently irradiate the crops through the convection prevention walls.

If the convection preventing wall is made of, for example, a synthetic resin film suspended by a wire or the like, it can be easily removed when unnecessary. When the convection preventing wall and the heat radiating pipe are made detachable, they do not become an obstacle when used as a cultivation floor for summer crops. If the container body is provided with an insole and the lower part is a drainage groove, drainage is smooth and the water content in the medium is not excessive. Further, those having a water-permeable drainage mat from the side to the bottom have a better drainage because water flows downward through the mat. Those equipped with a watering tube can easily supply water, liquid fertilizer, and the like to the culture medium. A device provided with a heating pipe in the drainage channel may be covered with a heat insulating material at the upper part, so that the temperature of the medium can be appropriately controlled. If a hole is provided in the heat insulating material to fit the pot, cool air does not leak to the culture medium side from the gap and warm air does not escape to the upper part.

In the cultivation shelf of the present invention, a large number of cultivation beds can be placed closely. When workers approach, shift the adjacent cultivation floors on the shelves to make a space for people to pass through. Therefore, the whole space can be greatly saved. Even if a large number of cultivation beds are stacked one above the other, space can be saved significantly.

[0010]

EXAMPLES Next, the cultivation layer of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view showing one embodiment of a cultivation layer of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view thereof, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main part showing an embodiment of a cultivation shelf of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a front view showing a main part of the cultivation shelf, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the main part showing another embodiment of the cultivation shelf of the present invention.

The cultivation bed 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a box-shaped bed body 2 having an open upper part, a heat insulating plate 3 covering the upper opening, and an inner bottom 4 provided near the inner bottom. Have. In this embodiment, the bed body 2 has a horizontal bottom plate 5
And a side wall 6 that rises diagonally from both side ends of the side wall 6 have a U-shaped cross section, and the side wall 6 has an inclined portion 7 and a vertical portion 8 that rises vertically upward from its upper end. The bed body 2 may have a trapezoidal cross section without a vertical portion or a rectangular cross section without an inclined portion.

A rib 9 for locking the insole 4 is formed midway in the vertical direction on the inner surface of the inclined portion 7.
On the inner surface of the vertical portion 8, a rib 10 for mounting the heat insulating plate 3 is formed. Further, on the outer surface of the vertical portion 8, a rail member 11 having a C-shaped cross section is provided so that the narrower side faces outward. The rail member 11 is for maintaining the rigidity of the bed main body 2 and for mounting various instruments. In addition, a truck can be run between the cultivation floors by using the rail members of the adjacent cultivation floors. The bottom plate 5, the inclined portion 7, the vertical portion 8, the ribs 9, 10 and the rail member 11 can be integrally formed, for example, as an extruded product of an aluminum alloy.

Brackets 12 are fixed to the outer surface of the inclined portion 7 at predetermined intervals by welding or the like, and a support pipe 13 is attached to the brackets 12 along the longitudinal direction. The support pipe 13 is for slidably mounting the cultivation bed 1 on a pipe 14 constituting a shelf.

On the rib 9 formed on the inclined portion 7, the above-mentioned middle bottom 4 is placed. As shown in FIG. 1, the insole 4 can be manufactured by, for example, a metal plate (punching metal) having a large number of holes, a wire mesh, or the like. The midsole 4 partitions the inside of the bed body 2 up and down, so that a drain groove 15 is formed below the midsole 4. A heating pipe 16 for passing hot water or the like passes through the drain groove 15. When the cultivation of a crop is completed and the next crop is prepared, the pipe can be used or another pipe can be passed through the water distribution groove 15 and steamed for sterilization.

The heat insulating plate 3 is placed on the rib 10 formed on the vertical portion 8, and the heat insulating plate 3 separates the inside of the bed body 2 from the upper part. Then, the culture medium 17 is put into the inside to a height of about half. The heat insulating plate 3 can be made of, for example, a synthetic resin plate having high heat insulating properties such as styrene foam. As the medium 17, a conventionally known medium (for example, rock wool) can be used. Medium 1
A water sprinkling tube 18 is passed through the upper part of 7. The water sprinkling tube 18 is a well-known one which is made of a synthetic resin tube or the like having a large number of holes formed in the upper portion thereof.

As shown in FIG. 2, the root protection sheet 1 made of a nonwoven fabric or the like is provided on the vertical portion 8, the inclined portion 7, and the midsole 4.
9 is laid. The root protection sheet 19 is for preventing the root of the crop from extending downward. Further, a drainage mat 20 made of a nonwoven fabric or the like is laid on the vertical portion 8, the inclined portion 7, and the bottom plate 5. The water draining mat 20 is for draining water by gravity so that drainage is smooth. In addition, in FIG.
Are vertically separated by a lower rib 9 on which the insole 4 is placed, but a continuous rib is more preferable. Therefore rib 9
Is partially cut out, and the upper and lower drainage mats 20 are continuous at that portion (see FIG. 1).

A radiating pipe 21 for passing cold water of about 0 to 5 ° C. is passed through the upper part of the heat insulating plate 3 so as to be in contact with the upper end of the vertical part 8. In the present embodiment, one line is arranged on each of the left and right, but only one line or three or more lines may be arranged. The heat radiation pipe 21 is preferably a metal pipe having high thermal conductivity such as aluminum or its alloy. In addition, heat dissipation pipe 21
The fins may be provided in the to improve the efficiency of heat exchange.

Above the upper end of the vertical portion 8 on the left and right side walls or the end of the rail member 11, a convection prevention film (convection prevention wall) 22 made of a transparent synthetic resin sheet or film is extended. The upper ends of the convection prevention films 22 may be supported by, for example, wires 23 or the like. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the wire 23 may be stretched between poles 24 raised near the end of the cultivation bed. Instead of the convection prevention film, a convection prevention wall having a self-holding property, such as a transparent synthetic resin plate, may be employed. Convection prevention film 22 (and pole 2
4) and the heat radiating pipe 21 are, as shown by imaginary lines in FIG.
It may be detachably attached to the bed body 2. In that case, the cultivation floor can be used for both winter crops and summer crops.

Next, a method of using the cultivation bed 1 configured as described above will be described. First, the seedlings of the crop to be cultivated are raised in advance in a dedicated nursery or the like. The seedlings N are preferably planted and grown on the medium 25 placed in the pot P, so that the whole pot P can be placed on the cultivation floor. Next, as shown in FIG. 1, a circular opening hole 26 is formed in the heat insulating material 3 in accordance with the pot P, and the pot P is fitted into the opening 26. The bottom of pot P is medium 17
Water and nutrients of the culture medium 17 are supplied to the soil 25 through small holes formed in the bottom or side wall of the pot P.

When the crop is still a seedling, it is not necessary to flow cold water through the heat radiating pipe 21, but by simply spraying water and nutrients dissolved in the water from the watering tube 18 onto the medium 17, the medium 17 and the soil 25 are dispersed. The water and the like are supplied to the seedlings N through In some cases, heating may be performed by passing hot water through a heating pipe. In this case, if it is detachable at this time, the heat insulating plate 3, the heat radiating pipe 21, and the convection prevention film 22 may be removed. Then, when the seedling N grows and it is time for flower bud differentiation, the heat insulating plate 3, the heat radiating pipe 21, and the convection prevention film 22 are attached, and cold water close to 0 ° C. is passed through the heat radiating pipe 21 to remove the air around the heat radiating pipe 21. Cooling. The cooled air originally flows to a low place and flows from the cultivation floor 1. In this cultivation bed, the cooled air is blocked by the convection prevention film 22 and is surrounded by the left and right convection prevention films 22 and the heat insulating plate 3. Except for being confined in the space to be spilled and overflowing over the convection prevention film 22, the overflow does not flow out of the area.

Since flower buds are differentiated in the cold air that has accumulated in this way, it is possible to grow winter crops even in the summer. Note that even at this time, if necessary,
Water and liquid nutrients may be supplied from a watering tube, and heating pipes may be used to heat the root part in particular. After the flower bud differentiation period, it may be raised in the same manner as normal greenhouse cultivation. In that case, the crop grows stably by the root extending and invading the medium 17 beyond the pot P. Next, at the time of fruiting, cool water is again flown into the heat radiating pipe 21 so that the fruit is not ripe while being small.
Grow slowly and sufficiently.

FIG. 3 shows a cultivation shelf constructed by arranging a large number of the cultivation beds 1 on the shelf 30. The shelves 30 are pipes (shelf members) 1 arranged at predetermined intervals as described above.
4 and the like. Usually, the cultivation beds 1 are arranged in close contact with each other, and the support pipe 13 in FIG. What is necessary is just to make it slip and to make the interval which an operator can pass. Even when the cultivation floors 1 are arranged in close contact with each other, the convection preventing film 22 does not affect the adjacent cultivation floors because the convection prevention film 22 confine the cool air only in the upper part of the cultivation floors 1. Therefore, only the cultivation bed at the time of flower bud differentiation requiring cold air can be cooled.

In FIG. 3, reference numeral 31 denotes a lid member for closing the end of the cultivation bed 1, 24 denotes a pole, and 23 denotes a film 22.
Is passed between the poles 24 to hang the wire. Gates G for passing people are arranged in a zigzag manner on each pipe 14 constituting the shelf 30. As a result, the cultivation floor 1 moves over the gate G. In the cultivation shelf shown in FIG. 4, a carriage 32 is running instead of a pair of rails using the heat radiation pipes 21 of two adjacent cultivation floors 1 each. The bogie 32 is automatically or manually driven and used for harvesting crops and transporting them during other operations. In winter from which the heat radiating pipe 21 has been removed, the truck can be run using the rail member (reference numeral 11 in FIG. 1) and the upper end of the side wall 6 as described above. In the cultivation shelf shown in FIG.
A part of the pipe 14 forming 0 is a removable gate G2. That is, one end of the bar 33 for the gate G2 is hingedly connected to the pipe 14 so that it can be opened in the arrow H direction.

The cultivation shelf shown in FIG. 5 comprises a shelf 35 in which a plurality of shelf members 34 are vertically arranged, and a cultivation floor 1 placed on these shelf members 34. This also allows a large number of cultivation beds 1 to be installed in a small space. If the bed body 2 is left uncoated with an aluminum alloy, it reflects light, so that the seedlings of the multi-tiered cultivation beds 1 can be sufficiently exposed to sunlight or the like. Further, when a metal such as an aluminum material or an aluminum foil is used for the surface of the heat insulating plate 3, the irradiation of light is further deepened.

[0025]

Since the cultivating bed of the present invention can cool only the upper part of the cultivating bed, the cost of cooling is low and it does not affect other adjacent cultivating beds. Thereby, the cultivation of winter products can be performed with simple equipment even in summer. The cultivation shelf of the present invention can arrange a large number of cultivation beds in a space-saving manner.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view showing one embodiment of a cultivation bed of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cultivation floor of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view showing one embodiment of a cultivation shelf of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a main part front view showing another embodiment of the cultivation shelf of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the cultivation shelf of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Cultivation floor 2 Bed body 3 Heat insulating plate 4 Middle bottom 15 Drainage groove 16 Heating pipe 17 Medium 18 Water sprinkling tube 19 Root sheet 20 Mat 21 Heat dissipation pipe 22 Convection prevention film P Pot 30 Shelf

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. An elongated box-shaped container body having an opening at the top and containing a medium therein, a heat insulating material that covers the upper surface of the container body leaving a crop planting portion, and the heat insulating material of the heat insulating material. A cultivating floor comprising a cooling radiating pipe arranged along the container body on the upper side, and a convection prevention wall provided so as to rise from the vicinity of the upper ends of the side walls on both sides of the container body. 2. The cultivation floor according to claim 1, wherein the convection prevention wall is made of a stretched synthetic resin film. 3. The cultivation floor according to claim 1, wherein the convection prevention wall has a light-transmitting property. 4. The cultivation floor according to claim 1, wherein the heat radiation pipe and the convection preventing wall are detachably attached to the container body. 5. The container main body is provided with a water-permeable insole that divides the interior into an upper part and a bottom part, the medium is contained in the upper part, and the bottom part is a water distribution groove. Cultivation floor. 6. The cultivation bed according to claim 1, wherein a water-permeable drainage mat is provided from the inner surface of the side wall of the container body to the bottom. 7. Inside the container body, above the culture medium,
The cultivation bed according to claim 1, wherein a watering tube is passed therethrough. 8. The cultivation bed according to claim 5, wherein a piping for heating or sterilization is passed through the water distribution groove. 9. The heat insulating material is provided with holes for accommodating pots for cultivation at predetermined intervals, the outer circumference of the upper end of each pot fits into the hole, and the vicinity of the lower end is filled in the medium. The cultivation bed according to claim 1, which is used. 10. A bar-shaped support member is disposed along the container body on the left and right sides of the lower portion of the container body, and includes a plurality of bar-shaped shelf members provided in a direction intersecting with the support members. The cultivation bed according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation bed is provided on a shelf so as to be slidable in a longitudinal direction of the shelf member. 11. A shelf made up of a plurality of bar-shaped shelf members arranged in parallel at an interval through which a person can pass, and slidably mounted on the shelf in a direction intersecting with the shelf members. A cultivation shelf comprising a plurality of the cultivation beds according to claim 1. 12. The cultivation shelf according to claim 11, wherein a part of the shelf member is detachably provided within a range where a person can pass. 13. The cultivation shelf according to claim 10, wherein a carriage having tracks on the side walls of the respective radiation pipes or the container body is movably mounted between adjacent cultivation beds. 14. A cultivation bed comprising: a shelf having a plurality of shelves arranged vertically, and a plurality of the cultivation beds according to claim 1 placed on the shelf.