JPH08238440A - Method and apparatus for treating waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a method and apparatus for treating waste in which waste electric appliances, etc., are peeled and crushed by each type of material and sorted to recover valuable resources. CONSTITUTION: A motor, etc., removed by a metal block sorting means 4 are cooled by a cooler 9 and fed to a crusher 5 to be crushed at low temperatures. The residual case, at the same time, is fed to the crusher 5 as it remains at normal temperature. In the crusher 5, both low-temperature crushing and high- temperature crushing are carried out simultaneously, and the crushed pieces are discharged as a mixture and, in the next process, are sorted by a metal sorting apparatus 7, a plastic sorting apparatus 8, etc., by each type of material to be recovered as resources. In this way, a recycling treatment apparatus can be installed efficiently in a given space.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste recovery processing apparatus, and more particularly to a recovery processing apparatus suitable for facilitating recovery processing of valuables by crushing large-scale wastes such as household electric appliances. It is about the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in many cases, large wastes are disposed of by landfill as it is or by crushing and incinerating. In some cases, valuable components such as non-ferrous metals are mainly removed by hand and recovered, or only metal is recovered after crushing, but plastics, which occupy most of the volume, are not recovered and landfilled. Has been disposed of. In the landfill of plastics, the ground is soft and the effective use of land is limited, and even when incinerated, substances that generate harmful gases such as chlorine gas are mixed, so it is necessary to take measures to prevent air pollution. Global warming due to its occurrence is also a problem. In order to eliminate these problems, most of the metal, plastic, and other materials that make up large-scale waste are separated and collected, and reused to enable effective use of global resources and to reduce waste. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 05-147040 discloses a recovery processing device that solves the shortage of landfill and further prevents incineration processing to prevent air pollution and global warming.
As a more effective means of recovery, the material is cooled below the brittle transition temperature of the steel material with a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen, easily broken into a brittle state such as glass, and then separated by material. The method is disclosed in JP-A-51-3945.
No. 2 proposes a method for crushing coarse metal waste products.

[0003]

These conventional techniques are
All of them relate to the processing method or apparatus, and do not mention the specific arrangement, arrangement order, size, etc. of the processing equipment. Moreover, although these conventional technologies are intended to improve efficiency and effects through process-oriented consideration, they lack quantitativeness regarding specific effects related to actual equipment construction, and may occur when actually installed as equipment. It does not take into account the various problems that it obtains.

An object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment apparatus and method that can effectively recycle waste.

Another object of the present invention is to reduce the facility cost by minimizing the site and building required for the facility construction, and also to reduce the utility cost by improving the operation efficiency of the facility. Is to provide equipment that can flexibly respond to specific waste objects.

[0006]

The above object is to divide the entire process into unit processes, and also to mechanically unitize the device, and organically combine the arrangement and arrangement order of these plural process unit units. In addition, if there is a restriction on the site, it will be achieved by making it possible to select the most efficient arrangement and combination.

[0007]

The operation of the waste treatment apparatus having the above configuration will be described by taking the treatment of waste home electric appliances as an example. Wastes such as refrigerators, washing machines, and TVs are mixed in the collection trucks and are unloaded. Here, the waste becomes a raw material for recycling, and this raw material is once stored in the raw material storage / supply device. This unloading / raw material storage / supply device is one unit unit device. The raw materials mixed here are sorted according to types such as refrigerators, washing machines, and TVs, stored in storage shelves, and wait for delivery. Next, it is sent to a pretreatment device before crushing, and here, for example, in a waste refrigerator, a refrigerant body (CFC) is taken out from the refrigerator. Next, the compressor is removed by the metal lump separating means. The motor is removed in the washing machine. CRT is removed on TV. These decomposed products are sent to the next process, but sometimes all are sent to the crushers (multiple), but only the casing is sent to the crusher, the compressor, the motor,
The cathode ray tube is stored again after the raw material storage / supply device is returned to the next step. These are divided into storage shelves by type, and this pretreatment device is one unit device.
In order to recycle resources, it is necessary to consolidate and crush / separate materials with the same material ratio to improve the purity / recovery rate of the recovered materials. is there. The housing is crushed by the crushing device in the next step and separated into each material. The crushing device becomes one unit unit device. Next, from the crushed pieces, a lightweight material such as a heat insulating material (mainly a foam molding material) and other heavy materials are separated. This lightweight sorter is effective for refrigerator enclosures, but not so much for washing machines and TVs, because they are almost free of foam moldings. This lightweight material sorting device is a single unit device and is not always necessary depending on the object to be treated. A lightweight material such as a heat insulating material is guided to a foam material recovery device and separated into a solid resin portion of a foam molding agent and a gas foaming agent, and the gas foaming agent is cooled and liquefied and recovered.

In the metal separating device in the next step, the heavy products of the crushed pieces and the heavy products of ferrous and non-ferrous metals are separated and collected, and the rest becomes plastics. This metal sorting device becomes one unit unit device. Plastics are mainly composed of polyolefins such as polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene, and vinyl chlorides. In order to reuse plastics, plastics rich in vinyl chloride and plastics with little vinyl chloride can be used in a plastic sorting device. Separate. This plastic sorting device consists of a plastic low temperature crushing / sorting device and a plastic specific gravity sorting device, and each of them is regarded as one unit unit device, or two are regarded as one unit unit device.

On the other hand, the removed compressor and motor are
Magnetic steel sheets are stacked on top of each other, copper wire is wound around a coil, and a relatively thick steel sheet and a shaft material are used to form a lump of metal composite material with high rigidity. However, it is difficult to separate and crush each material. Therefore, the metal (mainly steel) is crushed at a low temperature by utilizing the property that the metal becomes brittle like glass at a low temperature and breaks. The metal ingot is cooled to a predetermined brittle temperature by a cooling device, then put into the same crushing device as the refrigerator body and crushed at a low temperature. Consider the cooling device and the cooling device as one unit device.

[0010]

EXAMPLE An example of the present invention will be described below. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an overall configuration flow of a waste treatment device of this embodiment. In FIG. 1, 1 is an unloading of waste, 2 is a raw material storage / supply device, 3 is a pretreatment device, a refrigerant recovery means,
It consists of a metal lump separating means such as a refrigerator compressor, a glass extracting means of a television, and the like. A crushing chamber 4 is composed of a crushing device 5 and an impact crusher 13. Reference numeral 6 is a light weight sorting apparatus for sorting light weight materials in the crushed material, and 7 is a metal sorting apparatus for crushed pieces, which comprises an iron-based sorting machine, a non-ferrous metal sorting machine, and the like.
Reference numeral 8 is a plastic sorting device, which is composed of a low temperature crushing / sorting device 9 and a specific gravity sorting device 10. Reference numeral 11 is a cooling device for cooling the metal ingot by the refrigerant from the refrigerant device 12. Reference numeral 14 is a treatment device for a foaming agent recovery device in a lightweight material.

Wastes such as waste home electric appliances collected by a collection vehicle are unloaded at the unloading 1, and are roughly classified into a refrigerator, a washing machine, a TV, an air conditioner, and stored in the raw material storage / supply device 2 (arrow 101). ). The waste home electric appliances are taken out by the raw material storage / supply device 2 by type as shown by an arrow 102 and sent to the pretreatment device 3. In the pretreatment device 3, for example, in the case of a refrigerator, the refrigerant in the refrigerator is extracted and collected by the refrigerant collecting means. Next, the compressor in the refrigerator part is removed by means of metal lump separating means. Examples of other metal blocks include washing machine motors and various transformers. The refrigerator housing from which the compressor has been removed is sent to the crushing device 5 of the crushing chamber 4 as indicated by the arrow 103, and is crushed into crushed pieces of about several dozens to 100 pieces. Plates, foamed products that are heat insulating materials, interior products, aluminum heat sinks, etc. are peeled and separated and crushed.

The crushed pieces crushed by the crushing device 5 and separated for each material are sent to the light weight material separating device 6 as shown by an arrow 105, and the light weight material separating device 6 separates the foam molding material such as urethane foam. The foamed molding material is sent as a light waste to the lightweight material processing device 11 as indicated by an arrow 107, and the heavy crushed pieces obtained by separating the foaming material are sent to the metal sorting device 7 as indicated by an arrow 106.

On the other hand, the metal masses such as the compressor and the motor separated by the metal mass separating means of the pretreatment device 3 are indicated by arrows 113.
As shown by, it is sent to the cooling device 11. The metal lumps such as the compressor and the motor separated by the metal lump separating means of the pretreatment device 3 are returned to the raw material storage / supply device 2 for storage and temporary storage after being cooled as shown by the arrow 114. 11 (arrow 115). By providing such a supply path, the cooling device 1
The cooling action can also be stabilized in the area where the amount of metal ingot 1 can be stabilized. -100 with the cooling device 11
After being cooled to a low temperature of ℃ or less, it is subjected to an impact crusher 13, crushed by a relatively small impact utilizing the low temperature embrittlement of the metal, and a metal fractionation device 7 as shown by an arrow 117.
Sent to Next, in the metal separation device 7, iron-based metals are first separated and recovered as iron-based as indicated by an arrow 108. Next, the non-ferrous metal is separated and recovered as shown by an arrow 109. As a result, the content of the remaining pieces is mainly plastics. The crushed pieces of the plastic system are sent to the plastic separating device 8 as indicated by an arrow 110. The vinyl chloride plastic is separated as indicated by arrow 111, and the rest is separately collected as easily reused plastic as indicated by arrow 112.

On the other hand, the foamed molded product separated by the lightweight material sorting device 6 has a foaming agent recovery device 14 as shown by an arrow 107.
Sent to The heat insulating material is separated into a solid resin portion (arrow 121) of the foam molding agent and a gas foaming agent (arrow 120), and the gas foaming agent is cooled and liquefied and recovered.

By separating and recovering as described above, in addition to recovering metals, plastics that are suitable for reuse by separating plastics can be recovered as resources, so the amount of waste to be landfilled Can be significantly reduced.

FIG. 2 is an image explanatory view of the overall configuration flow of the waste treatment device. The pretreatment device 3 is a refrigerant recovery means 2
1, a metal lump separating means 23 such as a compressor for a refrigerator, a glass extracting means 22 for a television, and the like. Crushing room 4
A crushing device 5 and an impact crusher 13 are provided inside. Reference numeral 6 is a lightweight material sorting device for sorting the lightweight materials in the crushed material, and comprises a foamed polyurethane wind power sorter 24 and a foamed polyurethane hopper 25. 7 is a metal separating device for crushed pieces, which is composed of a magnetic separator 26, an eddy current separator 27, a wind separator 28 and the like. Reference numeral 8 is a plastic separating device, and the low-temperature crushing / separating device 9 is composed of a plastic conveyor 29, a plastic cooling tank 30, a plastic low-temperature crusher 31, a plastic sieve 32, and the like. The specific gravity sorting device 10 includes a plastic hopper 33, a specific gravity sorting tank 34, and a circulating water device 35.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the overall arrangement of the waste treatment apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a front view of the overall configuration and arrangement, FIG. 5 is a side view / cross-sectional view, and FIG.
The cross section of A, BB, CC, and DD is shown. This embodiment is suitable when the site of the facility is long and narrow. The crushing chamber 4 that houses the crushing device 5 and the impact crusher 13 is made of a soundproof wall such as lightweight concrete, and is isolated from other devices. People enter and exit from the crushing room door 20 and an open / close detector is installed on the door to prevent inadvertent entry and exit to monitor the entrance and exit of the crusher room and the outside, and an alarm and / or an emergency stop function is provided by an interlock device There is. Height H of crushing chamber 4
When the refrigerator has a processing capacity of 3 tons / h with a width of 0, a width of W0, and a length of L0, the height is 9 m, the width is 7 m, and the length is 18 m. In each unit device, the height H0 of the crushing chamber 4 serves as a standard for determining the height H of the entire equipment. In case of equipment boundary width 12m, process sequence and height of each unit unit,
The total length of the equipment is 83 m and the total height is 13 m due to the width and length and the mutual positional relationship. FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of this equipment as seen obliquely from above.

FIGS. 7 to 9 are plan views of the overall arrangement of the waste treatment apparatus showing another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the refrigerant of the refrigerant device 12 is cooled by the cooling device 11 at low temperature.
Since they are supplied to the two unit unit devices of the sorting device 9, it is desirable that their positional relationship be close to each other in order to improve the thermal efficiency of cold heat. In FIGS. 7 to 9, two unit unit devices, that is, the cooling device 11 and the low temperature crushing / sorting device 9 are arranged on both sides of the refrigerant device 12 and are integrated, so that the refrigerant pipe has the shortest distance.

FIG. 8 shows an arrangement example in which the waste carry-in direction 201 and the treated carry-out directions 202, 203 and 204 are limited to one direction due to the restriction condition around the facility site. According to this example, any combination of east, west, north, and south can be used for the waste carry-in direction and the waste carry-out direction.

FIG. 9 shows a case where it is not necessary to separate a lightweight material (mainly a foam molding material) such as a heat insulating material from the crushed pieces and other heavy materials. This lightweight sorter is effective for refrigerator enclosures, but not so much for washing machines and TVs, because they are almost free of foam moldings. Therefore, the light weight sorting device 6 and the light weight foam material recovery device 14 such as a heat insulating material can be easily arranged even when they are unnecessary. Also, although the device is installed, it is easy to perform bypass operation when operation is unnecessary,
If there is a plan for future installation in advance, it is easy to deal with it.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the unloading device 1, the storage / supply device 2, the pretreatment device 3 and the crushing chamber 4 taken along the lines AA and BB in FIG. Storage / supply device 2
Is a storage space in which a work carriage 61 travels in a work space 60 that extends in a height H1, a width W1, and a length direction L1, and has a storage shelf 62 arranged in an opposing manner, and an inlet 63 for receiving raw materials and storage for storage. The shelf 62, the outlet portion 64 (height h1) for supplying the pretreatment device 3 in the next process, the inlet portion 65 (height h2) for receiving the parts removed by the pretreatment device 3 again, and the removed parts again. It has a supply outlet 66 (height h1). Height h of the outlet 64 that supplies the pretreatment device 3
1, the height h1 of the working floor 67a of the pretreatment device 3 and the height h3 of the entrance of the crusher chamber 4 are arranged at the same height level. The storage / supply device 2 has the original characteristics of management of loading and unloading and space saving, and also an outlet part 6 for supplying the raw material from an inlet part 63 for receiving the raw material to the pretreatment device 3 for the next process.
4 as well as the role of a conveyor that conveys to the work floor of the pretreatment device 3 and stores the removed parts again.
It has the function of supplying and has the functions of multiple conveyors. Further, since the storage / supply device 2 can determine the height H1, the width W1, and the length direction L1 according to the requirements for the equipment, the height H1 can be determined from the relationship with the height H0 of the crusher chamber 4.
The width W1 and the length direction L1 are selected from the storage capacity.

In FIG. 11, the entire equipment is integrated into a single unit or a plurality of process unit units, and the measuring groove 7 is provided around the unit.
0a, 70b, 74c, 71a, 71b, 71c, 72, a drainage tank 73 is arranged for water treatment, and a drainage outlet 74 is arranged to discharge only pollution-free drainage. The process of this embodiment is a dry process, and the only one that uses water is the specific gravity sorting device 10, but this is also a closed cycle, so normally no drainage occurs. However, in case of troubles during machine cleaning or operation, discharge of oil and sewage is considered, which is an effective means for preventing secondary pollution. Measuring groove 7
1, the specific gravity sorting device 10 may be surrounded by a drainage tank 73 and a drainage outlet 74.

[0023]

As described above, since the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention is configured as a unit apparatus for each process unit and arranged in the order of the process, it is flexible with respect to restrictions such as the site of the facility. In addition to being able to deal with the situation, the equipment cost can be minimized to improve the operation efficiency of the equipment and the utility cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an overall configuration flow showing an embodiment of a waste treatment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an image explanatory diagram of an overall configuration flow showing an embodiment of a waste treatment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a waste treatment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing an embodiment of a waste treatment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the waste treatment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a waste treatment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the waste treatment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the waste treatment device according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an elevational view showing an example of a storage / supply device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the waste treatment device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Unloading, 2 ... Raw material storage / supply, 3 ... Pretreatment device,
4 ... Crushing chamber, 5 ... Crushing device, 6 ... Light weight sorting device, 7 ...
Metal sorting device, 8 ... Plastic sorting device, 9 ... Low temperature crushing / sorting device, 10 ... Specific gravity sorting device, 11 ... Cooling device,
12 ... Refrigerant device, 13 ... Impact crusher, 14 ... Foaming agent recovery device, 20 ... Crushing chamber door.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location B09B 5/00 ZABC (72) Inventor Chihiro Fukumoto 4-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Hitachi, Ltd. Inside the factory

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A waste material is separated into small pieces by crushing means,
In the waste treatment device that separates each material by the material separation means and recycles and uses it, a waste unloading device,
Equipment for storing and supplying waste as raw materials, pre-treatment equipment for pre-processing prior to crushing processing, crushing equipment for crushing raw materials, lightweight material sorting equipment for sorting foamed plastics in crushed pieces, iron, Metal separating device for separating non-ferrous metals, plastic separating device for separating plastics such as vinyl chloride and polyolefin, and cooling device and cooling for cooling the metal lump parts removed in the pretreatment device to the embrittlement temperature of iron. A waste treatment device comprising a refrigerant device for supplying a medium and a foaming agent recovery device for separating foamed plastics sorted by a lightweight material sorting device in the order of processes. 2. The waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the waste treatment device is a unit device for each process unit and is arranged in the order of the processes. 3. The treatment of waste according to claim 1, wherein the process unit unit device has a space volume of width, length and height as one unit volume and is arranged in a process order. apparatus. 4. The waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing device for crushing the raw material is composed of a crushing chamber and has one unit volume. 5. The waste processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the height of the waste processing apparatus is set to the height of the highest process unit unit apparatus and the waste processing apparatus is arranged. 6. A crushing device for crushing raw materials is composed of a crushing chamber, an opening / closing detector is provided on a door of the crushing device room to monitor the crushing device room and the outside of the room, and an alarm is given by an interlock device.
5. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising an emergency stop function. 7. The waste unloading device and the device for storing and supplying the waste as a raw material are arranged so as to oppose each other, with the work carriage traveling in a work space which is expanded in the height, width and length directions. Has a storage shelf for receiving raw materials, a storage shelf for storage, an outlet for supplying the pretreatment device in the next process, an inlet for accepting the parts removed by the pretreatment device again, and the removed parts A raw material / storage device having an outlet portion for re-supplying. 8. A raw material storage / supply device having a waste unloading device, a storage / supply device, and a storage shelf for storage, and an outlet part for supplying the raw material to the pretreatment device of the next step is a pretreatment device. It is the height of the entrance, the entrance for receiving the parts removed by the pretreatment device again is the exit height of the pretreatment device, and the exit for supplying the removed parts again is the entrance height of the crusher. The raw material storage / supply device according to claim 7, wherein 9. A cooling device that uses the cold heat of the cooling device to cool the removed metal ingot parts to the embrittlement temperature of iron, a cooling device that supplies a cooling medium, and plastics such as vinyl chloride and polyolefin. 3. The waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein three process unit units of a plastic low temperature crushing / sorting device in the plastic sorting device for sorting are collectively arranged. 10. The waste treatment device is integrated into one or a plurality of process unit units, the device is surrounded by a measuring groove, and a drainage tank is arranged. The described waste treatment device. 11. A storage device for storing unloaded waste, a separation device for separating a metal mass from the waste supplied from this storage device, and a cooling device for cooling the metal mass supplied from this separation device. In the waste treatment device including the device, the separated metal ingots are stored, and the stored metal ingots are stored in the cooling device when the amount of the metal ingots supplied from the separation device to the cooling device is small. A method for treating waste, which comprises stabilizing the amount of the metal mass supplied and supplied to the cooling device. 12. The waste treatment method according to claim 11, wherein the metal ingot is stored in the storage device. 13. A first crushing step of crushing a waste by crushing with a first crusher in a recycling process in which a large number of small pieces are obtained and the plurality of small pieces are separated and each material component is recovered. And a second crushing step of crushing with a second crusher, and the first and second crushers are provided in a space surrounded by a common wall. . 14. The processing method according to claim 13, wherein an opening / closing door is provided in the wall, and both the first and second crushers are stopped when the opening / closing door is in an open state. .