JPH08187087A - Expression vector of phospholipase inhibiting protein - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain the subject new vector efficiently giving human phospholipase inhibitory protein(hPIP) useful for treating inflammation by containing a DNA encoding hPIP actionably connected to a control sequence miscible with a recombinant host cell.

CONSTITUTION: This expression vector for a recombinant expression system of hPIP contains a DNA sequence encoding a human phospholipase inhibitory protein(hPIP) actionably connected to a control sequence miscible with a recombinant host cell and has a primary amino acid sequence having homology of more than 40% to an amino acid sequence containing an amino acid sequence of the formula and can efficiently produce hPIP capable of directly treating undesirable inflammation reaction by gene engineering. The vector is obtained by forming a cDNA library from the whole cell RNAs by a normal method, screening the resultant library by using an anti-hPIP antibody, recovering the DNA encoding hPIP from a positive clone and integrating the DNA into a vector.

COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

This invention relates to the field of treating inflammation in humans and animals. More particularly, it relates to a pure sample of a phospholipase inhibitory protein that is effective in controlling inflammation.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The physiological phenomenon of inflammation at the site of a wound or infection has been recognized for centuries. It is also well understood that while this phenomenon is positive in response to such stimuli, the degree of this response must be adjusted frequently to ensure human or animal safety. There is. In addition, inflammation may manifest itself as a chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Such a condition can debilitate the person,
It can also be the result of an acute episode. Other such disorders, inflammation with asthma, may also result in death due to bronchial stenosis.

[0003] During the past decades, a more detailed picture of biochemical events involving inflammation has accumulated. This situation is complicated. Part of the initiation process is mediated by peptide kinins, such as bradykinin, released by tissue-destroying kallikrein protease. This kinin or other peptide messenger acts on a specific cellular receptor at the site of inflammation to activate the phospholipase enzymes A2 and / or C to initiate the arachidonate cascade.

This "arachidonate cascade" shows surprising importance in maintaining the inflammatory response. In the complex reaction shown in FIG. 1, arachidonic acid is released from the membrane phosphorus fertilizer of the subject case and is aggregated and converted into various products known as eicosanoids. The eicosanoids include leukotrienes and prostaglandins, which are released extracellularly to exert a direct effect on the site of inflammation. They are,
It shows a relatively short half-life. However, its physiological effects are diverse and surprising, including vasodilation (eg, prostacillin and leukotriene LTC4 and LTD4), vasoconstriction (eg, thromboxane and LTB4) and histamine release.

[0005] Most recent roles in anti-inflammatory pharmacology have been directed towards the arachidonate cascade. From this point of view, as shown in FIG. 1, the significant features of the cascade are as follows. That is, production of all products begins with the release of arachidonic acid from cellular phosphorus fertilizer (mediated by phospholipase),
After that, the reaction route is divided into several reaction systems. In this reaction system, the cyclooxygenase pathway produces prostaglandins, and the lipoxygenase pathway produces leukotrienes.

[0006] Commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and indomethacin inhibit cyclooxygenase and thus only some of the pathways in which arachidonic acid is converted to end products. . For other pathways of the arachidonate cascade,
No effect is seen. On the other hand, steroids, glucocorticoids, and hormones generally exert an effect on the production of arachidonic acid from phospholipid membranes, ie, have a direct effect on the entire cascade. Hon
g, S., et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) (1976) 73
: 1730-1734. However, the shortcomings of steroid therapy are well known. Side effects such as water retention, hyperglycinemia, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, glaucoma and increased risk of coronary and large vessel atherosclerosis,
This is an unfavorable response associated with such treatment.

In recent years, the following fact has been proved. That is, the anti-inflammatory effect of steroids is due, at least in part, to their ability to induce the secretion of bound proteins and to suppress the phospholipase enzyme responsible for arachidonic acid release. Hirata, IA US
F., J Biol Chem (1981) 256: 7730-7733. This inhibitor is called macrocortin (Black-well, R.
J., et al, Nature (1980) 287: 147-149): Also, renocortin (Russo-Marie, F., et al, Biochim Biophy
Acta (1982) 712: 177-185): Alternatively, lipomodulin (Hirata, F., et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA)
(1980) 77: 2533-2536). This protein has been partially purified from rat and rabbit cells and appears to be immunologically cross-reactive (Hirata, F.,
et al, Biochem Biophys Res Comm (1982) 109: 223-2
30; Rothhut, B., et al, ibid (1983) 117: 878-88
Four).

Recently, a human inhibitor named lipocortin has been identified in human fibroblasts (Errasfa, M., et al, Biochim Biophys Acta (1985)).
847: 247-254. In addition, Wallner, BP, et al, Natur
e (1986) 320: 77-81 and Pepinsky, RB, et al,
J Biol Chem (1986) 261: 4239-4261, also reports the isolation and results of rat lipocortin, as well as the cloning of a human analog, which is a PA2 inhibitor in vitro.

[0009]

The direct administration of proteins that inhibit arachidonic acid production rather than glucocorticoids (which would stimulate the production of these proteins) is associated with the subject case. This may result in steroid modulation of inflammation without exposure to the risk of side effects. However, this protein in humans is not in a purified state. Needless to say, sufficient purified human phospholipase inhibitor protein (PI
The development of P) is being hoped for.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides purified human phospholipase inhibitory protein (hPIP) and materials useful for its production by recombinant techniques.
The material purified from human peritoneal dialysate with a single 40 kd binding to SDS-PAGE to a clear homogeneity contains significant amounts of apolipoprotein (apoAIV) and significant PIP activity. Immunization of rabbits with the protein eluted from this 40 kd bond increases antisera that can react with both apoAIV and PIP. Thus, these antibodies are suitable for screening recombinant as well as other cells for hPIP production.

[0011] In this connection, human PIP released from other proteins can be obtained by the following two methods. That is, two methods, namely, direct purification from a membrane dialysis solution and production using a recombinant host. Thus, in one aspect, the invention relates to human PIP in substantially pure form. In another aspect, the invention relates to a protein having human PIP activity consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. In yet another aspect, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of purified hPIP from peritoneal dialysis fluid and the products of this process. The product of the purification process is characterized by a molecular weight of 36 kd or 40 kd in non-glycosylated or glycosylated form, respectively, and further by PIP activity. Pure hPIP may also be produced using recombinant methods. Accordingly, another aspect of the present invention is directed to recombinantly produced hPIPs (both non-glycosylated and glycosylated forms), and to expression systems that result in the production of the protein in a recombinant host, a vector comprising the expression system. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of producing hPIP by culturing a recombinant host cell into a host transformed by the system.

In yet another aspect, the invention relates to apoA
A 40 kd mixture of IV and PIP, as well as antibodies produced in response to administration of the PIP protein of the invention itself, can be used in pharmaceutical compositions containing PIP and in humans and livestock using such components or purified PIP. A method for ameliorating inflammation. PIP is stabilized by the presence of apoAIV
Ingredients containing PIP in mixtures with IV are considered to be particularly useful as pharmaceuticals.

A. Properties of PIP protein The protein of the present invention was prepared using a human peritoneal dialysate obtained from a dialysis case as a starting material. The purification method described here results in a protein of equal quality and free of protein-related impurities as seen as such. Although this purification method has succeeded in obtaining a protein that is sufficiently pure to be used in therapy itself, the potency of this purified material is also an important step in the development of selectable preparation methods. The recombinant technology for hPIP is described here. Thus, the PIPs of the present invention include not only hPIPs prepared as described herein, but also proteins of substantially similar structure obtained using selectable methods. By "substantially the same", the activity of the protein in inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PA2 inhibition assay) (invitr described below)
(as described in the enzyme assay method of o) means to be retained. The amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 13 is known to exhibit this activity.

It is well recognized that the amino acid sequence retains its basic activity when modified in various ways. First, it is believed that some portions of the peptide sequence are not essential for activity, and only a fraction of the protein that has been produced purely is required. Therefore, the portion of the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 13 is included in the definition if the activity is retained. Secondly, additions, deletions or modifications of special or slightly special amino acids in the sequence may result in changes that are not significant with respect to function. Third, since the protein contains ionized hydrogen, the ionization state of the protein, such as neutral or salt, depends on the pH of the surrounding medium and, if the protein is present in liquid form, ， It depends on the pH of the liquid. From this, the protein is prepared in solid form. Furthermore, the amino acids in the sequence are subject to less important changes in their side chains. For example, the oxidation of sulfhydryls. The modification also seems to be invalid in terms of destroying activity. Finally, proteins are associated with non-protein residues (such as phosphates, acetyl groups or carbohydrates),
May be found in its original state. Purified or recombinant PIPs of the invention are functionally defined, but all embodiments include hPIPs exemplified in FIG.
It is expected to retain a broad sequence homologous to. The level of homology is expected to be above 40%, taking into account both conservative changes in the region of interest encoded by nucleotides 490-852 in Figure 13 as well as the exact homology. Additional changes are accepted in other parts of the protein. All of the above modifications are in vitr
As long as the activity shown in the phospholipase A2 (PA2) inhibition assay at o is not destroyed, it is within definition.

By "active PIP fragment", with respect to PIP, is meant a peptide consisting solely of the sequence encoded by nucleotides 490-852 of FIG. 13 above. If only this fragment is used, Chou-Fasman or Kyte-Doolittle
Somewhat less than 40% homology in the first structure is required if the second structure is sufficiently similar, as defined by the application of the standard algorithm in. In particular, Wa
31-3 in lipocortin reported by llner et al.
The peptide encoded by the nucleotide labeled 81 has the initial amino acid sequence
Despite showing clearly less than% homology,
A second structure that satisfies this requirement is provided. Therefore, hP
This particular fragment, as well as the one derived from the IP sequence, is also claimed.

"Operable linkage" is intended to mean a proximal position in which a component is configured to perform its normal function. Thus, a control sequence operably linked to a coding sequence can provide for expression of the coding sequence.

"Control sequence" means D
A NA sequence, or sequence that, when properly linked to a desired coding sequence, is capable of effecting expression in a host compatible with such sequences. Such control sequences include a promoter in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts, and also in prokaryotes, in ribosomes that bind the sequence, and in eukaryotic cells.
Includes end signals. Additional factors necessary or helpful in producing the expression can also be ascertained. As used herein, "control sequence" simply means that any DNA sequence may be required to effect expression in the particular host used.

"Cells" or "recombinant host cells" or "host cells" are interchangeable terms as will be apparent from the context. These terms directly include the target cell and, needless to say, the result (progeny) thereof. It is understood that not all progeny can be precisely identical to the parent's cells due to mutations or differences in circumstances. However, such altered offspring are included when the above words are used.

B. Purification of PIP from dialysate In general, purification of hPIP of the present invention was performed as shown in FIG. Of course, other methods are possible, but the methods described herein result in a homogeneous active sample. The approach summarized for the specific method shown in FIG. 2 is simply as follows.

Sufficient dialysate to obtain about 2 L of fluid is conveniently available from a batch of cases undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis. The following procedure is then performed on the 2 L batch to obtain the desired amount of pure product. The liquid is first exposed to increasing concentrations of ammonium sulfate. The fraction precipitated at about 40% to 60% ammonium sulfate saturation contains activity and undergoes further purification. It is useful to pre-precipitate proteins that are insoluble in less than 40% ammonium sulfate. The precipitate is removed by centrifugation and further purified. To reduce the salt concentration, the ammonium sulphate-containing fraction is dissolved in a suitable buffer of approximately pH 8, followed by dialysis at low temperature against the same or comparable buffer.

Thereafter, the dialysate is subjected to a treatment for removing the albumin component. This albumin component is the most abundant impurity. Chromatography on affinity-supported Affi-gel blue, previously equilibrated in the same buffer, is suitable for this purpose. The desired PIP-containing fraction is
Under these conditions it does not bind to the column and appears in the effluent volume. However, impure proteins in solution are retained by the column and eluted under high salt concentrations.

The fraction of PIP is, for example, Concanavalin-A
It is treated with a lectin support such as Sepharose, Lentil Lectin-Sepharose, or Peanut Agglutinin-Sepharose, Concanavalin-A Sepharose in equilibrium with pH 8 buffer. again,
The desired activity does not adhere to the column under these conditions.

The effluent containing PIP was analyzed by anion exchange chromatography, eg, at about pH 8, in DEAE cellulose, QAE- equilibrated in a similar buffer.
Purify further using cellulose, SP-cellulose, or DEAE cellulose. The hPIP is absorbed onto the column and the fraction is eluted using a salt gradient. The PA2 inhibitory activity of the eluate fraction is measured to confirm the desired PIP fraction.

When the active fraction was subjected to SDS-PAGE,
PAGE results in 18 kD binding of inactive protein as well as active 40 kD binding. Without using a detergent, this 40 kD bond was eluted and reformed to obtain a protein having the desired activity. This preparation method is basically based on Laemli, UK, Nature (1970) 23: 6.
According to the method of 80-685. And about 3mm 12.5
% Gel is appropriate for purifying a mixture containing 10 mg of total protein.

The 40 kd bond obtained as described above is used in many in vitro and in vivo procedures, as described in Section D below.
It has high PIP activity as evidenced in potency assays. However, in addition to PIP, it also contains apoAIV and other proteins with similar molecular weights. It is believed that apoAIV following PIP through this purification process provides stability to PIP and that PIP will be found in situ as an apoAIV complex. Once separated from apoAIV, PIP is relatively prone to instability, as described below. Therefore, it would be advisable to prepare a PIP of pharmaceutical composition in this complex form.

The association between PIP activity and the 40 kd protein was further confirmed by performing analytical RP-HPLC on the active fraction resulting from concanavalin A-Sepharose treatment. Separation is achieved by RP-HPLC, where only one of the many proteins (including the eluting peak) has activity. This activity peak resulted in a single 40 kd bond when subjected to SDS-PAGE.

Furthermore, as described below, this 40 kd bond is used to bind PA2 inhibitory activity when injected into rabbits, and to bind proteins capable of forming a complex with phospholipase A. A polyclonal antiserum capable of reacting was raised. Therefore, this immunizing antigen is also apoA
Antibodies containing IV but elicited show a reaction with PIP.

However, as shown in FIG. 2, the active eluate from the above-described anion exchange chromatography was used.
By subjecting it to an isoelectric precipitation reaction using a pH 5.5 sodium citrate buffer, human P
It is also possible to isolate IP. By dialyzing the active fraction against this buffer, non-PIP containing apoAIV
This results in the precipitation of impurities. This supernatant contains human PIP, which is removed as a pure 40 kd bond by electrophoresis, as described above. C. Utility and Administration Although the PIP protein of the present invention shows an activity as a phospholipase inhibitor in vitro, PGE2 in cell culture.
It can suppress the production of and has an effective anti-inflammatory effect in some in vivo models. Thus, the proteins of the present invention are useful for ameliorating, treating or reducing the undesired signs of inflammation in humans as well as livestock. The protein of the present invention is useful in the following points. It regulates excessive inflammatory responses generated in response to external stimuli such as infections and wounds, as well as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, edema, dermatitis, arthritis, conjunctivitis, allergies and lupus erythematosus. Both in terms of treating such inflammatory diseases.

The administration of the protein of the present invention is generally carried out at 0.1-100.
Dosage range of μg / Kg, 0.1-10 μg per host body weight
/ Kg is more desirable. The dosage depends, of course, on the nature of the subject case, the severity of the condition to be treated and the mode of administration. For example, intravenous injection generally requires less than other alternative routes. Until the desired effect is obtained,
PIP protein can be given in a single dose over several doses or by constant infusion over a long period.

The protein can be administered in aqueous solution or in the presence of pharmaceutical excipients, depending on the desired method of administration. For protein preparations, they are desirably administered by injection, such as subcutaneous, intravenous, or intramuscular injection, or by parenteral administration across a membrane. Aerosol or oral administration is also possible in the presence of stabilizing components.
Complexes with apoAIV are stable against PIP in these components, as are injectable formulations.

The injectable may be a liquid or suspension, a solid or suitable for reconstitution prior to injection.
It is prepared as an emulsion of PIP or its apoAIV complex. Suitable excipients include, for example, water, saline, dextrose and the like. Small amounts of auxiliary substances, such as buffers, emulsifiers and the like, may also be included.

For suppository administration, binders and carriers such as polyalkylene glycols and triglycerides may additionally be used. Aerosol administration is particularly suitable for the remission of bronchial disease, which generally utilizes the PIP protein or its complex (in finely divided form with surfactants and propellants). Representative surfactants include fatty acid esters. Typical propellants are low alkanes or fluorinated alkanes, such as Freon.
Topical administration, such as lotions or ointments, is also practical and preferred for topical treatment.

40 kd SD containing both PIP and apoAIV
Both the S-PAGE eluate and the purified protein of the present invention are useful for preparing antisera or monoclonal antibodies for immunoassays useful for diagnosis and monitoring of therapy. Methods for immunoassays are well understood in the art, and many modifications are possible. Either the antagonistic antigen or the antibody can be labeled with a radioactive substance, a fluorescent substance or an enzyme. This assay can be performed as a direct detection of the antigen-antibody complex, as a competitive assay for immune conjugation, or as a sandwich assay in which the complex is further immunoactivated by additional antibodies. This test uses standard methods. It can be said that the contribution of the present invention is to provide an appropriate antigen. That is, an antigen for direct use as a standard, or antagonistic antigen, for performing such assays, and as an antibody that elicits substances for the preparation of appropriate antisera.

D. EXAMPLES The following describes an exemplary method for purification of hPIP. I do not intend to limit to this. Additional modifications are obviously needed to obtain active and pure protein. However, according to this particular method, in fact, a 40 kd protein with hPIP activity was prepared homogeneously (on SDS-PAGE) and human PIP released from the binding protein.

D. 1. Purification of hPIP from dialysate Human PIP was isolated from dialysate using a phospholipase (PA2) inhibition assay to test for purification.
Approximately 2 L of human peritoneal lavage fluid (obtained from a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) was clarified by filtration through a coarse cotton swab and then subjected to ammonium sulfate fractionation. Feed enough solid ammonium sulphate to obtain a 40% saturated solution and allow the resulting precipitate to
The supernatant was recovered by centrifugation at 10,000 xg. Sufficient solid ammonium sulphate was added to this supernatant to obtain a 60% saturated solution and centrifugation was repeated. This precipitate, which contained PA2 inhibitory activity
Was dissolved in 20 mM ammonium bicarbonate, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) at pH 7.8 (buffer A) and aprotinin at 50 μg / ml. The reconstituted solution was dialyzed against buffer A at 4 ° C. to reduce the total salt concentration,
It was shown to be active in an in vitro PA2 inhibition assay (below).

A portion of this dialysate, containing 50 mg of protein, was pre-equilibrated in buffer A
× 12cm Affi-Gel Blue (BioRad Laboratories, Rich
mond, California) column. At a flow rate of 0.3 ml / min, 2 ml fractions were collected. This column should be 0-0.5M Na
Elution was carried out using a gradient of NaCl. This fraction was tested for PA2 inhibitory activity, and the total activity was
As shown in FIG. 3A, the flow rate is shown by volume.
(In FIGS. 3A-3C, the solid line indicates PIP activity).

The active fractions were pooled, lyophilized, reconstituted and applied to a 2.5 cm × 12 cm Concanavalin-A Sepharose column previously equilibrated in buffer A. After elution at a flow rate of 0.2 ml / min,
The elution profile shown in FIG. B was obtained. Again, total activity was found at the flow rate by volume as determined by the in vitro PA2 inhibition assay. The active fractions were pooled and lyophilized. Remove a small portion of the active fraction pool
Reserved for RP-HPLC analysis.

Next, the lyophilized fraction was added to buffer A
Reconstituted in and pre-equilibrated in buffer A
Applied to a 2.5 cm × 12 cm column of DEAE-52. 0-
Elution was performed using a linear 0.2 M NaCl gradient. Third
Figure C shows the profile of this elution and about 0.125M NaC
1 indicates the presence of activity in the fraction eluted.

Fractions of this active DEAE eluate were pooled, concentrated and desalted before loading about 10 mg of protein onto a 3 mm 12.5% polyacrylamide gel for electrophoretic separation.
In this electrophoretic separation, disulfide bonds are
Except that it is not reduced by β-mercaptoethanol,
Follow the method of Laemli (supra). The protein band was detected by a staining process with 0.1% Coomassie blue in 50% trichloroacetic acid for 3 minutes, followed by destaining in 5% acetic acid solution for 5 minutes.
As a result, only two major protein bands were obtained.
One is the band at 18 KD and the other is the band at 40 KD. These bands were cut from the gel, cut into cubes of 9 mm ³ , and the protein was eluted with buffer A at 4 ° C. overnight.

The eluate was processed to remove glycine, SDS and dye in several steps. First, the eluate was dialyzed against buffer A for 24 hours, and then the dialysate was concentrated by lyophilization. The lyophilized material was reconstituted in buffer A and extracted three times with 2 volumes of water-saturated butanol. The aqueous layer containing the interface was dried under nitrogen to remove residual butanol. Then, at 1 mg protein / ml for at least 24 hours to complete protein refolding, 4
It was left at ℃. In the assay for PA2 suppression in an in vitro assay, the 40 KD band showed activity, but the 18 KD band showed no activity. FIG. 4 shows the results of SDS-PAGE performed on the initial extract, the preparation at each stage of purification, and the purified protein. This band was silver stained (Bi) by two successive oxidation and staining operations (according to the manufacturer's instructions).
oRad Labs, Richmond, CA). One row contains molecular weight markers. Column 2 is the dialysate before ammonium sulfate treatment. Row 3 is a 40-60% ammonium sulfate precipitate. Column 4 contains the pooled active fractions from Affi-gel blue chromatography.

Column 5 contains the pooled active fractions from Concanavalin-A Sepharose chromatography.
Rows 7 and 8 contain 1 μg and 50 ng, respectively, of the 40 kD band obtained from preliminary gel electrophoresis. By this entire operation, about 500-fold purification can be obtained as shown in the results illustrated in FIG. Using the μg protein comparison required for 50% inhibition, the specific activity of this crude extract is about 0.2% of the activity of the purified 40 kD band.

A portion of the active fraction obtained from the concanavalin-A Sepharose treatment described above was subjected to RP-HPLC using a C8 column and eluted with a gradient of acetonitrile in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. FIG. 6 shows the elution profile of this column. Numerous protein fractions are obtained, only one fraction containing the activity. Then, the active fraction was analyzed by analytical SDS-PAG using 12.5% gel.
The developed gel was stained with Coomassie Blue G-250 or silver reagent. 40 kd in each case
Only bands were observed.

To obtain pure human PIP, the pooled active eluate (from the anion exchange resin)
Dialyzed against 5.5 sodium citrate buffer. The precipitated protein was removed by centrifugation, and the protein in the supernatant was subjected to SDS-PAGE. This 40 kd band was then collected as described above. If necessary, remove this supernatant
pH 7.5, Parente, L., et al, Life Sci (1985) 36
: PLA2-Sepharose as described in: 1225-1231. The column is loaded with 150 mM NaCl
After washing with, the bound hPIP is washed with 1.0M NaCl
Alternatively, elute in pure form with either 0.1 M acetic acid.

D. 2. Preparation of anti-PIP antibody This 40 kd band was subsequently shown to be a protein mixture containing hPIP and apolipoprotein AIV (apoAIV). (Detailed below). However, this mixture was able to increase the antibodies specifically reactive with hPIP. To obtain anti-hPIP, New England white rabbits were injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly with 200 μg of the eluted 40 kd band fraction contained in complete Freund's adjuvant. The rabbits were then vaccinated with the same vaccine at three week intervals. Then, after this inoculation,
The rabbits were bled for 10 days from the ear vein and the resulting sera were tested for their ability to bind the 40 kd eluate (described above) using non-immune serum as a control.

For this binding assay, 500 ng of purified hPIP containing 40 kd protein was immobilized in individual wells of a polystyrene plate, and antisera at various dilutions were added to the wells. For the amount of antibody specifically bound, 125-labeled protein (A
mersham, Inc.). As shown in Table 1 below, a 1: 400 serum dilution indicates a significant amount of antibody.

[0046]

[Table 1]

From these results, it was found that free hP containing 40 kd protein was
Confirmed by competitive displacement with IP, purified hPIP. This 1: 100 dilution of serum was applied to coated polystyrene plates while varying the amount of purified 40 kd protein. Table 2 shows the results of the change in the amount.

[0048]

[Table 2]

The immunoreactivity of this antiserum was further used to show the process of purification by Western blot. The specimen to be tested against this antiserum was diluted 1: 1 with 2 × SDS. Specimen buffer (Laemli, supra)
And 10-25 μg of protein were fractionated on a 1.5 thick SDS-polyacrylamide gel (12.5% acrylamide). This fractionated protein was electrotransferred onto a nitrocellulose sheet. Using a solution containing 5% BSA, 5% ovalbumin and 5% nonfat dry milk to block non-specific sites, immunoreactive 40kd protein
It is detected together with anti-hPIP antibody and 125 I-protein A.
Controls were run in parallel with non-immunized rabbit serum.

FIG. 7 shows the results of a Western blot performed on the same fractions shown in FIG. 4 (obtained at various purification steps). One row is 43 kd125 I-ovalbumin, two rows are dialysate, three rows are active fractions from Affi-Gel Blue, Con-A Sepharose and DEAE columns, respectively, and six rows are after SDS-PAGE preparation. The substance obtained. This 40 kd band is specifically detected through purification.

The ability of this antiserum to specifically react with hPIP is increased in response to the 40 kd mixture, but specifically binds to phospholipase A2 (PA2), as shown in FIG. Indicated by the ability to detect protein (PIP). PA
2 (150 pmol) was fixed in a polystyrene hole, and the excess site was covered with human serum albumin. Then, an increased amount of 40 kd protein was added with or without 1500 pmol of free PA2 and the binding was maintained at 22 ° C. for 30 minutes. After washing, the bound PIP was detected using anti-PIP antibody and 125 I-protein-A. Wells containing only HSA were also included as a negative control.

The results in FIG. 8 show that increasing the amount of PIP containing the 40 kd mixture also increased antibody binding to the wells. However, when pre-incubating 1500 pmol PA2 with PIP containing 40 kd mixture,
This binding can be reduced to non-specific binding levels in HSA-coated wells. Therefore, this antibody is itself a PA2
Binds to proteins that bind to This is a property of the PIP but not of the other components of this 40kd mixture.

At a dilution ratio of 1: 100, 10 μg
Preincubation of antiserum with a 40kd mixture of
The ability to detect protein binding immobilizing PA2 was neutralized.

D. 3. Confirmation of mRNA source for cDNA production Increased polyclonal antiserum against purified 40 kd protein
To identify sources for useful mRNA to obtain a cDNA library, various human cell sources for the production of hPIP were used to evaluate. In a suitable screening procedure, lysed cellular proteins were assayed for hPIP immunoreactivity after fractionation on SDS-polyacrylamide gels.

Potential for screening include cultured human inflammatory cells such as the mononuclear-macrophage cell lines U937 and HL60; isolated human blood cells such as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) as well as 20 Lung tissues and the like, which are known to contain up to% macrophages are included. Transfer the cells to an appropriate medium (with or without serum) with or without dexamethasone (0.1 μM)
Was incubated overnight. Cell supernatants or the cells themselves were assayed for protein immunoreactivity with anti-hPIP.

For the cell lysate, wash the cells,
Removed serum proteins, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 at 4 ℃
Lysis was achieved by adding phosphate buffered saline containing% NP-40, 0.1 mM PMSF, 50 μg / ml aprotinin. Cells attached to the culture dish were lysed directly on the dish, while suspended cells were collected by centrifugation and resuspended in the above buffer. After 3-5 minutes, the lysate was collected from the dish and centrifuged (1000 xg,
Nuclei were removed by 5 minutes).

Specimens (supernatants or lysates) to be tested for antiserum were diluted 1: 1 using 2 × SDS. Specimen buffer (Laemmli, UK, supra) and 50
-100 μg of protein was fractionated on a 1.5 mm thick SDS-polyacrylamide gel (12.5% acrylamide). This gel serves as a control for nonspecific binding of this antibody.
It was developed by adding the use of anti-hPIP antiserum preincubated with 50 μg of purified 40 kd protein. After exposing nitrocellulose to X-ray film, hPIP immunoreactivity in various cell types can be quantified by autoradiogram concentration scanning.

[0058] In certain cell types, hPIP is secreted into the culture medium. Assays as described above are performed on partially purified hPIPs from such culture media. (In some cases, the conditioned medium was treated with ammonium sulfate fractionation, Affi
-It can be subjected to gel blue chromatography and Con-A Sepharose chromatography. Fractions that do not bind to the Con-A Sepharose column are lyophilized and analyzed for hPIP immunoreactivity against the Western gel described above).

FIG. 9 shows the results obtained from both serum-containing and serum-free media cultured for 48 hours with U937 cells.

The PIP protein appears as a 37 kd bond in the medium from serum-free cultured cells. ~ 40,000
Most immunoreactive bands in Dalton are apoAI
It is V. This binding is present in conditioned medium in serum and in serum-containing U937, but not in serum-free U937-conditioned medium. Similarly, the immunoreactive band seen at ~ 68,000 daltons represents albumin contained in serum. This 50,000 dalton band is an IgG heavy chain and is found only in serum-containing media. It is also detected when non-immune antisera is used. The IgG heavy chain can bind to 125 I-protein A independent of the antibody used to probe this western.

These results indicate that the same samples from serum-free U937 conditioned medium were tested for PA2 inhibitory activity, as indicated by the inhibition of PGE2 production in cultured mouse fibrosarcoma cells (see below). Confirmed by doing. Therefore, U937 cells were selected to prepare a cDNA expression library for subsequent antibody screening.

D. 4. Preparation of hPIP cDNA Construct cDNA Library from Selected Cells The cDNA library was initially prepared from U937 cells.
However, preparations of PMN and lung cells were also used.

Total cellular RNA was prepared from selected cells by standard methods (Chirgwin, JM, et al. Biochemi.
stry (1979) 18: 5294-5299). Poly A + RNA was isolated by two successive passes of this RNA through an oligo-dT cellulose column.

To provide the maximum potential for obtaining cDNA clones encoding hPIP, two separate cDNA libraries can be constructed. One of them used random primers (PLBio-chemicals), and the other used oligo-dT primers. In both cases, the synthesis of the first strand was carried out with this appropriate primer.
μg of poly A + RNA and reverse transcriptase (Avian Myeloblastosis Viru
s).

The second strand of each cDNA preparation was prepared by
-RNAse H to hydrolyze from RNA hybrids
(Gubber, U., et al, Gene (1983) 25: 263-269), followed by DNA polymerase (Klenow fragment) to fill the resulting single-stranded region. Was. Therefore, double-stranded, blunt-ended cDNAs are generated.
Internal EcoRI restricted sites are protected by methylation with EcoRI methylase (New England Biolabs) according to the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, a synthetic oligonucleotide linker containing an EcoRI site (PL Biochemicals) was used, followed by T4 ligase to generate a blunt-end cDNA.
Binds to NAs. The polymeric linker is subsequently
It is reduced to monomer by digestion with RI, and the fragment is
It can be screened for specific size classification by electrophoresis through low melting agarose (1.5% agarose). It can also be removed if needed.

The resulting double-stranded cDNA contained a unique bacteriophage EcoRI site (Young, RA and Davis, R.
(Expression vector λgtll) as shown by W., Science (1983) 222: 778-782). Since the EcoRI site in this vector is in the correct reading frame at amino acid position 1015 of the β-galactosidase gene, the reading frame and coordination are also correct for the EcoRI site.
NA can be expressed as a fusion protein with β-galactosidase by induction of isopropylthiogalactoside (IPTG). The incidence (random) is one in six.
(2 coordination x 3 reading frames). The protein expressed by the phage plaque thus induced was also evaluated by using a polyclonal antiserum against hPIP prepared using this 40 kd protein.

After ligation of the cDNA, the recombinant DNA was in vivo purified using a commercially available packing extract (Amersham, Inc.).
Packaged in itro and recombinant phage were titrated against host strain E. coli. C600Hf1 as described by Young, RA, et al, (supra).
About 200,000 recombinants were obtained.

This cDNA library was evaluated using an antibody against hPIP. Phage of appropriate titer of about 5 × 10 ⁵ are incubated with E. coli Y1090 and plated (plated) to obtain the desired phage concentration.
Cultured on 10 150 mm plates for 20 hours (Young, RA et a
l, supra). As β-gal-fusion PIP protein was found in the lysate, nitrocellulose was overlaid on agar and the plates were incubated at 37 ° C. overnight. Then,
For this nitrocellulose filter, antibody detection of the recombinant fusion protein is performed. This antibody detection is essentially the same as the Western blot, except that the antibody is preabsorbed by the lysate of the bacteria infected with the phage vector (λgt11) only.

More specifically, the filter was treated by first blocking non-specific binding with 57% non-fat dry milk dissolved in PBS, 0.1% NP-40. Filter this filter with PBS, 0.1% NP-40, 5% BSA,
After incubation for 2 hours using a 1: 100 dilution of antiserum prepared in 5% ovalbumin, PBS, 0.1%
Washed in NP-40. Bound antibody was detected using ¹²⁵ I-Protein A (10 ⁵ cpm / filter) and an autoradiograph of wash filters.

Using this detection method, positive clones were purified through successive screenings until all plaques in each pool were positive. False positives were confirmed as follows. That is, this is 2 cm ²
Plaque / 2c with multiple nitrocellulose discs
In m ^2, we conducted a double screening, further the double nitrocellulose disks, including 40kd protein
Confirmation was performed by incubating with or without antibodies that had been pretreated with 10 μg of hPIP. Antibodies that bind false-positive clones should also occur with antisera pretreated with hPIP.

Phage DNA prepared from the five strongest positive clones was analyzed for cDNA insert size and sequence relatedness.

All five cDNA inserts were approximately 200 bp. One of them (represented by λU-200) was subcloned into the EcoRI site of pBR329 to give pU200, and M13mp9 and M1 for further analysis.
Subcloned into 3mp8. FIG. 10 shows the obtained nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence. From the length of the generated fusion protein, it was possible to estimate the correct reading frame. These proteins were approximately 70 amino acids longer than the β-gal. Thus, following this linker, the inserted sequence maintained a 200 bp open reading frame, presumably from an internal portion of the PIP protein. Therefore, PU200 was used to examine additional cDNA libraries.

Additional libraries-PMNs Human leukocytes were prepared by sedimenting blood through 6% dextran in 0.15 M NaCl. Leukocyte cells in the supernatant were collected by centrifugation, washed in PBS and used for RNA isolation. The cDNA library in λgt10 was prepared as described above, except that λgt10 was used as the cloning vector. This library means this PMN library. The λgt10 library was also prepared from U937 cells as described above.

Each cDNA library was E. coli. C600Hf.
Prepared for screening by culturing about 10 ⁶ phages in 1 and further transferring the plaque lysate to nitrocellulose filters. About this filter Benton, WE, et al, Science
(1977) 196: 180-182. Probes are from Maniatis, T., et al, Cloning Manual
Labeling was done by nick translation according to. Each filter was then treated with 107 cpm PU200 in 1 ml of hybridization buffer at 42 ° C. for 16 hours. The filter was then washed twice at 22 ° C. for 5 minutes in 2 × SSC, 0.1% SDS. Furthermore, at higher temperature (60 ℃), 0.2 × SS
C, washed in 0.1% SDS. The hybridized filter was then dried and a positive signal detected by autoradiography.

The U937λgt10 library produced several hybrid cDNAs. The longest of them is about 500 bp
And is represented by λU500. The nucleotide sequence of λU500 was determined by the dideoxy sequencing method and is shown in Figure 11. By comparing FIG. 11 with FIG. 10, λU200 and λU500 are approximately equal to each 5 ′ end.
You can see that they share 50 bp and then branch. This branch was later proven to be due to intron splicing, as described below.

This λgt10 PMN library generated four hybridization positives of 400-600 bp in size. The longest cDNA was represented by PMN600 and had a dideoxy sequence. According to the deduced amino acid sequence, PM
The determined sequence for N600 is shown in FIG. PMN600 is
Not only does it share the 50 bp segment with λU200 and λU500, it also shares homology with λU500 up to about 200 bp elsewhere. Then, these arrays also diverge. This branch was shown to be due to the presence of an optional 3 'terminal exon in the gene as follows.

The human lung cDNA library The cDNA library for λgt was prepared from human lung tissue using the method described above. Two libraries were obtained, one from fetal lung tissue and the other from adult lung. Lung tissue contains approximately 20% macrophages by weight and has been reported for the production of PA2 inhibitors from guinea pig lung (Flower, RJ, et al, Nature (1979) 278: 456-45).
9).

For the fetal lung library, 5'-GAA
The search was performed as described above using a synthetic oligonucleotide having the sequence GGTAGCCACAGCCACGG-3 '. This sequence represents bases 23-42 of the sequence of PMN600 (No. 12
Figure). The positively hybridizing cDNA contained additional upstream sequences. This sequence could in fact be mapped on an exon upstream of the genomic clone shown below. This cD
NA was subcloned into pBR329 and named pSR-1,
To measure the size of the IP-coded mRNA, it was used as follows.

When performing Southern blots (using pSR-1 as a probe) on human lung poly-A + RNA, the mature mRNA proved to be approximately 1400 bases in length. 586 bp Bam from pSR-1 as a primer
Primer extension analysis using the HI fraction demonstrated that an additional 500 bases was required to obtain full-length cDNA.

The full-length hPIP cDNA adult human lung cDNA library was screened using two probes. That is, pBR329
PMN600 (p600), and a synthetic oligonucleotide 5'-ATGAGCTGTGAGAGGGGCCG-3 '(this is pSR-1
Represents the 5'end of). The four positively hybridizing plaques were purified, sized, and found to contain either 1360 or 1340 bp. These cDNAs were converted to M13mp8 and M13mp9 for dideoxy sequencing.
After cloning into, one of them proved to contain the full-length coding sequence for hPIP. FIG. 13 shows the complete DNA sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence encoded by this clone. This clone, pLE-1, represents a protein of about 36.5 kd.
It corresponds to the first translation product of one amino acid. The mature protein contains nucleotides encoding leucine.
It is believed to begin with -114.

The translation product of pLE-1 in vitro was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions using RNA polymerase (SP6 system,
Amersham Corporation, Arlington, Heights, Ill.) Was added to subclone the pLE-1 insert into the transcription vector SP-6, followed by the reticulocyte lysate system (Bethesda Research Labor-atories, Bet).
hesda MD) produced (in vitro) mR
The translation product obtained by translating NA showed the expected size of 36 kd. The difference between the encoded 36 kd protein and the 40 kd protein associated with peritoneal fluid is believed to be due to glycosylation. The sequence of pLE-1 is
It has four typical glycosylation sites (Asn-X-Ser / Thr) starting at bases 625, 595, 709 and 808. This means that RNA transcribed from SP6-pLE-1 as described above
Xenopus laevis oocytes (where the initial translation product can be glycosylated) were injected and confirmed by localizing the mature 40 kd product in the membrane fraction of the oocyte.

D. 5. Isolation of genomic clones encoding hPIP The complete DNA sequence encoding hPIP was also isolated from a human genomic library. 198 bases from pU200 and p600
The NcoI fragment containing -590 was used as a probe. They do not have a common sequence. The library in λ Charon phage was constructed from Sau3AI-degraded human DNA by the method of Maniatis, T. (supra) pp270. For screening, 10 ⁶ phage are grown and plaque picking is performed as described above using three nitrocellulose filters. After hybridizing the filter with the above probe, the filter was washed in 0.2 × SSC, 0.1% SDS at 60 ° C. under severe conditions. Double positive plaques are removed, eluted and replated to perform a second screen. This procedure is repeated until the phage is plaque purified.

Two plaque purified phage recombinants hybridizing to the pU200 probe and seven positive clones hybridizing to the NcoI fragment were obtained. Purified DNA from each of these clones was cloned into Ec
Restriction digestion with oRI and pU200 or NcoI
The blot was blotted onto nitrocellulose for probing. One of the recombinant phages, λ12-3, yielded a fragment that was positive for both probes. λ12-3 is an exon
It contained II, III, IV, and V, but lacked only exon I. Further restriction enzyme mapping is at λ12-3
Showed that it overlapped with other clones. Exon
I is contained in λCM-14, and λCM-14 is a genomic clone that does not hybridize with the fragment but hybridizes with pU200. By restriction analysis and sequencing of the λ12-3 clone and analysis of the other positive clones, exon V is considered to be supplied in another type VA, as shown in FIG. It was proved. Exon VA does not exist in λ12-3 and is found in λ12-1, which is NcoI.
Genomic clones that hybridize to fragments and pU500.

By comparing the sequences in the gene and the resulting cDNA clone, it was found that the difference in pU200 from the other clones after 50 bp was due to the failure to splice the intron and that PMN6
The difference between 00 and λU500 (downstream of these 250 bp homology) is due to the availability of either V and VA exons. λU500 has exon VA and PMN600 contains exon V (as in pLE-1).

D. 6. Construction of Expression Vectors and Expression of hPIP cDNA clones encoding the mammalian vector hPIP are commonly used to produce recombinant proteins in various hosts (see E.1.1 below). However, expression in mammalian systems is preferred because it allows subsequent translational processing similar to that experienced by the host with naturally produced proteins. The host is also capable of replicating introns, so cDNA or genomic linkage may be used.

The full-length cDNA clone encoding hPIP, pLE-1, is inserted as an EcoRI fragment into the mammalian expression vector pHS1 described below.

Construction of pHS1, host expression vector Plasmid pHS1 contains the 840 bp hMT-II sequence from p84H (Karin, M., et al, Nature (1982) 299: 297.
-802). This is HindII at position -765 of the hMT-II gene.
It extends from the I site to the BamHI cleavage site at base +70. Plasmid p84H is completely digested with BamHI and exonuclease is used to remove terminal nucleotides.
Treated with Bal-31. Then, it was decomposed using HindIII. The desired 840 bp fragment was ligated into pUC8 (Vieir
a, J., et al, Gene (1982) 19: 259-268). It is cleaved by HindIII and HincII digestion.
This ligation mixture was transformed into Amp ^R E. coli. One plasmid (represented by pHS1) was isolated and sequenced by the dideoxy sequencing method. pHS1 contains an hMT-II regulatory sequence upstream of a polylinker containing appropriate restriction sites.

Construction of hPIP Expression Vector The EcoRI fragment encoding hPIP (prepared as described above) was
Ligated to RI digested pHS1 and ligated to Amp ^R E. coli. M.
C 1061 was transformed. Subsequent transformants were screened by restriction analysis and a strain containing the desired plasmid, pMT-PIP, was grown to prepare large amounts of plasmid DNA.

Alternative expression vectors with modified coding sequences for the hPIP protein were also prepared from the modified coding sequences called pLE-2 and pLE-3. pLE-2 has hP
The sequence at the 2C-terminal portion of the IP protein is missing. This is thought to be due to its binding to the cell membrane. pLE-2 has the sequence of pLE-1 shown in FIG.
It was constructed on the M13 phage by site-directed mutagenesis at base 951 to place the TAA stop codon in order to replace TAC (which encodes a tyrosine residue). Oligonucleotide 5'-CACTGCGTT
The mutated sequence using ACTGGA-3 'as a primer was the phosphorylated oligonucleotide 5'-GCAGCCCCACTGCGTTACTGGACATCCAG-, which was phosphorylated as a probe at 55 ° C under washing with 3M tetramethylammonium chloride.
3'was used to recover by screening recombinant phage plaques.

The mutation was confirmed by dideoxy sequencing and the conversion of single-stranded to double-stranded DNA.
For the exact function of the stop codon, EcoRI insert SP6
Confirmation was obtained by subcloning into the vector system, transcription using RNA polymerase, and subsequent translation in the reticulocyte lysate system. SDS-PA of isolated product
GE is derived from the full-length sequence encoding hPIP3
Compared to the 6.4 kd protein, it is a 34 kd protein. SP6 mRNA was also injected into Xenopus oocytes.
Conditioned medium with injected cells for 18 hours showed PIP activity as assayed by release of labeled arachidonate from thymosan-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. MRNA from LE-1 sequence cloned into SP6
The medium conditioned by oocytes injected with shows no activity in this assay. The EcoRI insert was transformed into pHS-1 in the same manner as pLE-1 was constructed to obtain pMT-PIP (-). The ligation mixture was transformed into Amp ^R of E. coli. HB101 and the correct orientation and orientation was confirmed by restriction analysis.

PLE-3 contains another 3'-terminal sequence encoded by the VA exon restored in pU500 above. pLE-3 was constructed by replacing the downstream sequence in pLE-1 with a fragment from the appropriate PU500: pLE-1 was cleaved with NcoI and EcoRI and a purified unique 718 bp fragment. pU500 is the unique 419 bp of EcoRI and NcoI and the purified cDNA insert.
Cleaved downstream. By ligation of these fragments, 11
A 37 bp fragment was obtained, which was inserted into the EcoRI site of pUC8 and used for growth and plasmid purification for E. coli.
Transfected into B101 cells. The plasmid containing the correct orientation and placement of the insert was designated pLE-3.

The pLE-3 coding sequence was modified by the addition of a polyadenylation signal to the 3 'untranslated sequence by digestion of pLE-3 with AvrII, blunt termination, and digestion with EcoRI to obtain the hPIP-encoding fragment. Was. The unique 1037 bp cDNA insert was then isolated. The poly-A addition site derived from apoAIcDNA was added to the plasmid pBL13A1 using NarI.
(Seilhamer, J., et al, DNA (1984) 3: 309-317), blunt termination, and digestion with Eco RI,
And a unique 65 bp fragment containing the entire apoAI 3 'untranslated region. The 65 bp fragment was ligated with the hPIP cDNA, mixed with Eco RI digested pHSI, and further ligated.
pMT-PIP / A was generated. Next, this concatenated mixture is
E. coli MC1061 for R was transformed. Screening was performed on plasmids from Amp resistant colonies to obtain inserts of the correct size.

For sufficient secretion of the expressed hPIP, it may be advantageous to employ another signal sequence such as that derived from human growth hormone, human apolipoprotein AI, human lung surfactant or human renin. This is achieved in a standard way. It is, for example,
pLE-1, pLE using SphI to remove the 5 'end of the cDNA
This is a method of degrading -2 or pLE-3, arranging the deleted codon of the mature protein, and connecting an appropriate signal sequence upstream. The first amino acid of mature hPIP is predicted to be leucine beginning at base 112 in FIG. 13, and SphI is predicted to cleave base 124, thus Leu
It is necessary to reconstruct the first 4 amino acids with an oligonucleotide encoding -Arg-Cys-Met.

Production of hPIP by Recombinant Mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) -K1 cells were grown in medium containing a 1: 1 mixture of F12 medium and DME medium and 12% fetal bovine serum. Considerable cells are pMT-
PIP, PMT-PIP (-) pMT-PIP / A or pAc-PIP / A and pSV2: co-fragmented with NEO (Southern, P., et al.
, J Mol Appl Genet (1982) 1: 327-341). pSV2: NEO
Contains a functional gene that is resistant to the neomycin analog G418. In transformation, Wigler,
500 ng of pS according to the protocol of M., et al, Cell (1979) 16: 777-785, including a 2 minute "shock" with 15% glycerol after 4 hours exposure to DNA.
V2-NEO and 5 μg of pMT-hPIP were added to calcium phosphate-D
Plated on 16 mm dishes containing co-precipitated cells in NA. One day later, the cells were exposed to 1 mg / ml G418 to obtain G418-resistant colonies.

The transformants obtained also carry the stable inheritance of the PIP-encoding plasmid. This transformant was plated at a low concentration to purify the clonal isolate. For transformants containing the PIP sequence under the control of the MT promoter, small amounts of these isolates were grown in multi-well plates for assay and assayed.
Induction was performed using ^-4 M zinc chloride. hPIP products were assayed by demonstrating suppression of induced PA2 activity in cultured cells.

PSV2: NEO or pSV2: NEO / pMT-PIP1
72 hours after transfection with either of the above, cells were labeled with C-14 arachidonic acid for 2 hours. Cells were washed, stimulated with either 10% fetal bovine serum or 10 μM A23187, a calcium ionophore (both activators of cellular PA2), and labeled arachidonic acid released from cell membranes was measured. pSV2: Cells transformed only with NEO are PMT-PIP
Release of arachidonic acid in an amount of more than 30 to 90% (after 20 minutes) was observed from those co-transfected with (see FIG. 14). Clone isolates producing large amounts of the desired hPIP, as indicated by PA2 suppression,
Retrieved for direct verification.

For a direct assay of PIP production, these cells were seeded in 1/10 fusions in basal medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and grown to fusion in 850 roller bottles. . The cells were then washed and added to the serum-free medium with 10 ^-4 M zinc chloride and 10 ^-6 dexamethasone for 24 hours.
Induced hPIP production.

[0098] Both the medium and the cell membrane were assayed for PIP activity. Take out the medium, Amicon
It was concentrated by UM-100 ultrafiltration apparatus. Cells were treated with 1 mM EDTA to obtain membranes and 100 ×
Collected by centrifugation at g for 5 minutes. Cell pellet, 10mM Tirs, pH8, 250mM sucrose, 150mM NaC
After resuspending in a 2 ml solution containing 1, 1 mM EDTA and 1 mM PMSF and disrupting with a glass homogenizer, the cells were examined for the degree of destruction using a phase contrast microscope. Ten
The nuclei were removed by centrifugation at 00 × g for 5 minutes, and the supernatant lysate was 100,000 × g
Was centrifuged for 1 hour to separate into a soluble portion and a membrane fraction. Nuclear fraction is 0.1% Tween-20
And insoluble materials were removed by centrifugation. Membrane pellets from the supernatant lysate were resuspended in homogenization buffer (plus 10% glycerol).

Next, the medium, the cell lysate soluble fraction,
The membrane and nuclear extract fractions were assayed for PIP activity using two different assays. That is, Bonney RJ et al, (Biochem J (1979) 176: 433-44
Inhibition of labeled arachidonic acid release from the plasma membrane of peritoneal macrophages specific to zymosan-stimulated mice as described in (0); and Vadas P., et al, (Life Sci.
(1985) 36: 579-583), release of C-14-labeled oleic acid incorporated into E. coli membranes in an in vitro assay using porcine pancreatic PA-2. Is the suppression of. In both of these assays, only the membrane fraction shows activity. No activity was observed in the other fractions obtained. These results are shown in FIG. In the E. coli assay, membranes from pMT-PIP-transformed cells showed E. coli membrane hydrolysis of about 50% to about 30% as demonstrated by the control.
Reduced to In the zymosan-mediated macrophage assay, release was only 80% of control.

Similar results in these tests indicate that pMT-
Obtained from PIP (-) transformed CHO cells. However, activity is found in the medium rather than in the membrane bound fraction.

If desired, hPIP secreted into the medium can be purified according to methods for purifying the native protein, or using other standard methods known in the art.

Construction of Bacterial Vectors and Expression pTRP-233 Bacterial Expression Plasmids The following 10 oligodeoxynucleotides were synthesized trp
Used to construct promoter / operator:

[0103]

[Table 3]

With the exception of 1 and 10, 500 pmol of each oligodeoxynucleotide was individually kinased with ³² P-γATP. These oligo pairs, eg, 1+
2,3 + 4,5,6 etc. 1 at 2 minutes at 90 ℃
6.7 pmole was incubated, annealed by slow cooling to room temperature, and collected by phenol / chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. This set of pairs is ligated using T4 ligase,
Then, the recovered ligated DNA was digested with Eco RI and Pst I. The resulting DNA fragment was visualized by wet gel autoradiography and the 100 bp fragment was eluted to determine the desired double stranded sequence and confirmed by dideoxy sequencing. This duplex contains the promoter and operator regions of the trp operon and the ribosome binding site of the trp derived peptide.

The plasmid pKK233-2 (Amann, E. et al ,;
Gene (1985) 40: 183-190) was completely digested with NdeI, blunt-ended and ligated, lacking the NdeI site, resulting in the corresponding plasmid, pKK-233-2-Nde.

10 ng of pKK-233-2-Nde was added to EcoRI and PstI
And digested with CIP and mixed with 50 ng of synthetic Eco RI / PstI trp promoter / operator sequence (described above). This mixture was ligated with T4 DNA-ligase and transformed into E. coli JA221 1pp- / I'lacI9. The transformants were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA containing the desired insert (designated pTRP-233).

Bacterial Expression Vector for PIP The hPIP-encoding segment lacking the native signal sequence
Cleavage with SphI, which cuts at nucleotide 114 as shown in FIG. 13, blunt-ends with Klenow, and HindIII, which cuts at the vector site just 3 'of the insert. By using pLE-1, pLE-2 and pLE-
Removed from 3. The SphI (blunt) / HindIII fragment was ligated to KpnI (blunt) / HindIII digested pTRP233, the coding sequence was placed under the control of the trp promoter, and pTRP-PIP, pTRP-PIP (-) and pTRP-PIP / A were ligated. Got each. The ligation mixture was transformed into E. coli HB101 to verify correct orientation and these transformants were grown in standard M9 salt + 0.5% casamino acid (Difco). In other words, the value of OD-550 before induction is 0.1
Until 25%, and then treat with 25μg / ml IAA.
The cells were grown until the D value reached 1.0. Next, the bacteria were collected and lysed using a French press, or lysed by sonication. Then, using the in vitro assay of Vadas et al. (Supra), the lysate was analyzed for PA2.
A test for suppression was performed.

HPIP protein is obtained in non-glycosylated form and can be purified using standard methods.
Perform a two-suppression assay. Precipitated fraction produced with 40-60% saturated ammonium sulfate, 25 mM Tris-Hcl, pH 8.
Redissolve in 0.2 mM EDTA and run on DEAE Sephadex equilibrated in the same buffer. The protein is eluted with a NaCl gradient at 0.125M and purified to homogeneity on a C8 HPLC column or other hydrophobic column. In this column, the active fraction is 20 to 10% in 1% TFA.
Eluting at approximately 50% acetonitrile in a 0% acetonitrile gradient. 20 dry proteins of the active fraction
Redissolve in mM Tris, pH 8.0 and, if necessary,
renbergG.M., et al, Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem
(1980) 361: 571-576 and reoxidized to disulfide.

D. 7. Active fragment of hPIP FIG. 17 shows a comparison with the amino acid sequence of hPIP of FIG. 13, ie, between nucleotides 490-852, with the known sequence of pancreas and C. atrox toxic phospholipase.
The homology of this part is based on the similarity with the Vipera system.
It has been suggested that it is sufficient for activity, which also indicates homology between the enzyme and the inhibitor.
(Mancheva, I., et al, Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol
Chem (1984) 345: 885-894). This region of hPIP, which has various downstream sequences, contains pLE-1, pLE-2 and pLE-
Obtained as a BstEII (blunt) / HindIII fragment from No. 3. (BstEII cleaves at base 465.) As described above, the fragment was digested with KpnI (blunt) / HindIII
Ligation to pTRP233 yields pTRP-PIP (F), pTRP-PIP (F-) and pTRP-PIP (F / A), respectively. These plasmids were expressed in E coli as described above.

Furthermore, any of the above vectors can be modified to encode only the desired fragment which exhibits the desired homologous region. This is due to the site-directed mutation of the CAA glutamine codon at nucleotide positions 853-855,
This can be achieved by converting to the TAA terminal codon.

PTRP-PIP (F) was digested with HindIII and EcoRI and cloned into HindIII / EcoRI digested M13mp18. 5'-GCATGTTAGCAC using single-stranded DNA as primer
Use ATT-3 'and treat with DNA polymerase. Then, the obtained double-stranded DNA is transfected into whole cells. For the mutant phage, under strict conditions
Inspect using 5'-AGGTGGGCATGTTAGCACATTGATT-3 '.
The purified plaques are then sequenced to confirm correct construction. The recovered DNA reconstitutes double strands and is digested with EcoRI and HindIII to obtain EcoRI / Hin
Contact pTRP-PIP (F) linearized with dIII. The resulting vector (represented by pTRP-PIP (465-852)) is transformed into E. coli for expression. Next, the generated active P
The IP fragment is purified and reduced / oxidized as described above.

D. 8. Apo AIV sequence and hPIP sequence D. as a 40 kd band on SDS-PAGE. 1. The N-terminal blocked form of hPIP and N
-The end contained the apo AIV available for sequencing.
The presence of the apo AIVN-terminus was confirmed when all fractions were subjected to sequencing using an Applied Bio-systems 470A gas phase sequencer.

About 50 μg of protein was subjected to N-terminal sequencing to determine PTH amino acids by Hunkapiller, MW and
Beck, using an IBM CN column, as reported by Hood, LE, Meth Enzym (1983) 91: 486-492.
It was identified by man 334T HPLC. The N-terminal sequences obtained are as follows.

Glu-Val-Ser-Ala-Asp-Gln-Val-Ala-Thr-Va
l-Met-Trp-Asp-Tyr-Phe-Ser-Gln-Leu-Ser-Asn-Asn-Ala-
Lys-Glu-Ala-Val-Gln-Leu-Lys-Ser-Arg.

The small secondary sequence of the 40 kd mixture is as follows:

Glu-Asn-Leu-Pro-Gln-Asn-Gly.

Presumably, this sequence contains the blocked hP
It results from the internal proteolytic clip of the IP molecule and contains excess disulfide bonds. This sequence begins at base 662 and ends at base 69 as shown in Figure 13.
Ends with 3.

D. 9. Activity content of 40kd band Phospholipase A2 inhibition assay In vitro standard inhibition assay (PA2 inhibition assay)
It was carried out as follows. 100 ng of porcine pancreatic phospholipase AII (Sigma Chemical Co, St. Louis, MO) and various concentrations of the protein to be tested (up to 10 μg) were added to 20 mM Tr.
Is, pH 8.0 and 50 μl of buffer containing 2 mM calcium ions. After incubating the solution at 30 ° C. for 10 minutes, 20 μg of human serum albumin and 2 μCi of α-β- [I ¹⁴ -C] -arachidonylphosphatidylcholine stearoyl (3H) (Amersha
100 μl of a solution (solution sonicated in a sonicated water bath at 22 ° C. for 2 minutes immediately prior to addition) containing the solution was added. After 15 minutes at 30 ° C., the reaction was stopped by adding 25 μl of 10N acetic acid.

25-50 μl of the reaction mixture was applied to a silica G-type TLC plate for analysis in an increasing solvent system containing chloroform, methanol, acetic acid (90: 10: 1). Arachidonic acid was used as a standard to position the arachidonic acid band. The phosphatidylcholine band remains in place. The spots were visualized by staining with iodine vapor and the standardized arachidate and phosphatidylcholine spots were scraped off the plate and toluene-omnifluor (New Engl.
and Nuclear) using scintillation counting. The percentage of hydrolysis was calculated as the fraction 100 × cpm arachidonic acid / (cpm arachidonic acid + cpm phosphatidylcholine).

Assay by Inhibition of PGE ₂ Production It was also demonstrated that hPIP can inhibit the production of PGE ₂ by cultured fibrosarcoma cells. In this test, AT
Confluent cultures of mouse fibrosarcoma cells from CC (ATCC # CCL 148) were assayed in 150 μl HAMMs F10 medium (Gibco) at various concentrations of protein and 25 μl phosphate buffered saline at 37 ° C. Were pre-incubated for 15 minutes. Add 100 μl F10 medium containing 2% fetal bovine serum and cultivate the cells with 5% C
The culture was further incubated at 37 ° C. for 1 hour using an incubator moistened with O ₂ /95% air. Dexamethasone (DEX) used as a control was added to the cells 16 hours before induction. Remove the medium and use a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit (Seragen, Inc., Bosto
n, MA) was used to test for PGE ₂ .

FIG. 18 shows inhibition of PGE ₂ production by purified (by SDS-PAGE) PIP and by DEX. The 18 KD band from the gel was used as a control (open circles). The closed circles are the results obtained using the active fraction from the Con-A Sepharose column. The squares are the results for the protein from the 40 KD band, and the triangles are the results using DEX. Responses are dose-dependent for active protein and DEX. By adding 100 μg of arachidonic acid to the cells (simultaneously with the application of PIP), the inhibition by both PIP and DEX could be reversed.

In Vivo Assay Three in vivo models were used to demonstrate the activity of PIP. Rat pleurisy model, rat paw edema model and adjuvant-induced arthritis.

In a rat pleurisy model, inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of 0.5% carrageenin in saline into the pleural cavity of three groups of rats, and the ability of the test substances to control this inflammation was examined. To detect PIP protein activity, 1
0 μg of PIP was injected with carrageenan. 200 μg
Carrageenin injections containing DEX was used as a positive control. Five hours later, the pleural cavity was opened, washed with 1 ml of saline, and the liquid volume was recorded. Furthermore, regarding the protein concentration in the liquid, Bradford, et al, Anal Biochem (1976) 72:
248-254. Inhibitory activity was demonstrated by a reduction in exudate volume and exudate protein. As shown in FIG. 19, 10 μg of purified PIP showed the same effect as 200 μg DEX in suppressing both parameters.

The data on the left record the amount of protein leached (mg / cavity). This amount is 50 μg D
In the presence of either EX or 10 μg PIP, it is substantially reduced to normal levels. The measurement result of the exudation volume is shown on the right side (ml). Similarly, 50μg DEX or 1
Either 0 μg PIP reduces exudate volume to normal levels.

In the rat hind paw edema model, Sprague-
Male groups of Dawley rats (180-200 g) were gently anesthetized under ether, and 0.5% w / v carrageenan suspension 0.1 ml
Was induced into the plantar tissue of the right hind paw to induce hind limb edema (Van Arnien, C., eet al, J Pharm Exp The
rap (1965) 150: 328-334.

The anti-inflammatory activity of the test substance was investigated by administering the test substance using one of the following three methods. That is, intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection or co-injection with carrageenan. Except in special cases, dexamethasone administered intraperitoneally 3 hours before was used as a control. The results were evaluated by measuring the thickness of the hind paw using a constant pressure caliper starting at time zero (time of injection of the test substance) and then hourly thereafter.

FIG. 20 shows 0-5 μg of purified hPIP isolated by SDS-PAGE for experimental injection and 2.5 μg for control injection.
Figure 6 shows the results of an increase in foot pad thickness (mm x 10 ² ) when g dexamethasone was co-administered with carrageenan. hPIP significantly reduced flotation in a dose-dependent manner. Control DEX also reduced inflammation, but no
As shown, the time dependence is slightly different from PIP.

FIG. 21 shows that the injection of the test substance was performed before the induction of inflammation.
It shows the result when the intraperitoneal injection was performed in 30 minutes.
As with DEX, indomethacin was used as a control. The data indicate that PIP and indomethacin are equally effective in inhibiting foot swelling, but both are slightly less effective than DEX. Thus, hPIP is shown to be able to enter the circulation and act at sites of inflammation.

FIG. 22 shows the results when the administration was carried out as an injection into the femoral vein 2 minutes before the injection of carrageenan. Similarly, hPIP was effective in suppressing inflammation for 3, 4 or 5 hours after IV administration, depending on volume. In addition, 25 μg of PIP is 3 or 4
After hours, the effect was equivalent to 200 μg DEX. The results indicated that the biological half-life of PIP was 2-3 hours.

The remaining in vivo assay is an adjuvant-induced arthritis model, which is described in Colpaert, FC, et a.
l, Life Sci (1982) 31 67-75. At 30 days post-challenge, the animals were administered saline, purified hPIP or dexamethasone by intramuscular injection. As shown in FIG. 23, hPIP was able to quickly reduce hind paw and joint swelling (maximizing by 10 hours), but this swelling was reduced to control levels after 28 hours. returned. DEX resulted in a reduction in swelling after 3 hours and maintained its effect well during the 28 hour experimental period.

E. Standard Methods Most of the techniques used to transform cells, construct vectors, extract messenger RNA, prepare cDNA libraries, etc., are widely practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art, and most Familiarity with standard raw materials where special conditions and operations are described. However, for convenience, the next section will be a guideline.

E. 1. Host and regulatory sequences Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems can be used for expression of the PIP coding sequence. It goes without saying that prokaryotic hosts are most convenient for the cloning operation. Most prokaryotic organisms are represented by various strains of E. coli, but strains of other microorganisms can also be used. A plasmid vector containing control sequences and replication sites from a species compatible with the host is used. For example, E. coli is typically Bo
Transformation with a derivative of pBR322, a plasmid derived from E. coli species according to livar, et al, Gene (1977) 2:95. pBR322 contains genes for ampicillin and tetracycline resistance and thus provides additional markers that can either be retained or destroyed during the construction of the desired vector. Commonly used prokaryotic control sequences are defined herein to include a promoter for transcription initiation, optionally an operator, and a ribosome binding site sequence, but may include a β-lactamase (penicillinase) or lactose (lac) promoter system ( Chang, et al. Natur
e (1997) 198: 1056), tryptophan (trp) promoter system (Goeddel, et al Nucleic Acids Res (1980) 8: 4).
057) and a commonly used promoter such as the Pt promoter from λ, and the N-gene ribosome binding site (Shimatake, et al, Nature (1981) 292: 128).

In addition to bacteria, eukaryotic microorganisms such as yeast can also be used as hosts. Bak, a laboratory strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
The er yeast is the most commonly used, but many other strains are commonly available. For example, Broach, JR, Meth Enz (198
3) The 2μ origin of replication of 101: 307 or other origins of replication compatible with yeast (eg Stinchcomb, et al, Nature (197
9) Vectors using 282 : 39, Tschempe, et al, Gene (1980) 10: 157 and Clarke, L, et al, Meth Enz (1983) 101: 300) can be used. Control sequences for yeast vectors include promoters for glycolytic enzyme synthesis (Hess, et al, J Adv Enzyme Req (1968) 7: 149; Hollan
d, et al, Biochemistry (1978) 17: 4900).
Other promoters known to those skilled in the art include 3-phosphoglycerate kinase promoters (Hitzeman, et al.
l, J Biol Chem (1980) 255: 2073) and other glycolytic enzyme promoters. Other promoters that have the additional advantage that growth conditions control transcription are alcohol dehydrogenase 2, isocytochrome C, acid phosphatase, degrading enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism, and promoters of enzymes responsible for maltose and galactose utilization. Area. It may also be desirable that the terminator sequence be at the 3 'end of the coding sequence. Such terminators are found in the 3 'untranslated region following the coding sequence in yeast-derived genes.

In addition, the gene encoding the polypeptide can of course be expressed in eukaryotic host cell cultures derived from multicellular organisms. For example, Axel et al., U.S. Pat.
See No. 6. These systems have the further advantage that the introns can be spliced and thus used directly for the expression of genomic fragments. VERO is a useful host cell line
And HeLa cells, and Chinese hamster ovaries (CH
O) There are cells. Expression vectors for such cells usually contain control sequences and promoters compatible with mammalian cells, such as the commonly used Simian Virus 40 (S
V40) early and late promoters (Fiers, et al, N
ature (1978) 273: 113), or other viral promoters such as those derived from polyoma, adenovirus 2, bovine papilloma virus or avian sarcoma virus. A regulatable promoter hMT-II (Karin, M.,
et al, Nature (1982) 299: 797-802) can also be used. General aspects of mammalian cell host system transformations are described in Axel (supra). Again, the "enhancer" region may be important for optimizing expression.
This is generally the sequence found upstream or downstream of the promoter region in the non-coding DNA region. If necessary, an origin of replication is obtained from the viral source. However, chromosomal integration is a common mechanism of DNA replication in eukaryotes.

E. 2. Transformation The cells are transformed by standard techniques appropriate to the host cell used. Cohen, SN, Proc Natl Acad Sc
i (USA) (1972) 69: 2110, calcium treatment with calcium chloride, or Maniatis, T., et al,
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (1982) Cold
The RbCl ₂ method described in Spring Harbor Press, p. 254, is used for prokaryotes and other cells that have a substantial organ wall barrier. For such mammalian cells without cell walls, see Graham and van der Eb, Virology (1978) 52:54.
Using the calcium phosphate precipitation method of 6, which is described in Wigler,
It may be modified according to M., et al, Cell (1979) 16: 777-785. Yeast transformation was performed according to Van Solingen, P., et al, J Bac
t (1977) 130: 946 or Hsiao, CL, et al, ProcNat
l Acad Sci (USA) (1979) 76: 3829.

E. 3. Vector Construction Construction of suitable vectors containing the desired coding and control sequences employs standard ligation and restriction techniques well known to those skilled in the art. The isolated plasmid, DNA sequence or synthetic oligonucleotide is cut, manipulated and religated into the desired form.

The site-specific DNA cleavage is carried out by treating with an appropriate restriction enzyme under conditions generally understood by those skilled in the art. Details of these conditions are described by the manufacturers of these commercially available restriction enzymes. Have been identified. For example, New Engl
and see the Biolabs product catalog. Usually, about 1 μg of plasmid or DNA sequence is cut with 1 unit of enzyme in about 20 μl of buffer solution. In the examples herein, an excess of restriction enzyme is typically used to complete the degradation of the DNA substrate. Incubation times of about 1 to 2 hours at about 37 ° C. can work, but variations are permissible. After each incubation, the protein may be removed by phenol / chloroform extraction, followed by ether extraction, followed by recovery of the nucleic acid from the aqueous fraction by ethanol precipitation. If desired, size separation of the cleaved fragments may be performed by polyacrylamide gel or agarose gel electrophoresis using standard techniques. For a general description of separation by size, see Methods in Enzymolog.
y (1980) 65: 499-560.

The restriction fragments were 50 mM Tris (pH 7.6), 50 mM
Four deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in NaCl, 6 mM MgCl ₂ , 6 mM DTT and 5-10 μM dNTP with an incubation time of about 15 to 25 minutes at 20 to 25 ° C.
In the presence, it is treated with a large fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow) to terminate the blank.
The Klenow fragment fills in the 5 'sticky ends even though four dNTPs are present, but scrapes off the 3' protruding single strand. If necessary, dNTPs within limits determined by the nature of the sticky end
Can be selectively repaired by providing only one or selected dNTPs. After treatment in Klenow,
The mixture is extracted with phenol / chloroform and ethanol precipitated. Treatment with S1 nuclease or Bal-31 under appropriate conditions will hydrolyze any single-stranded moieties.

Synthetic oligonucleotides are prepared by a method such as Efimov, VA, etc. (Nucleic Acids Res (1982) 6875-6894, but they can be prepared by using a commercially available automatic oligonucleotide synthesizer. The treatment of the single-stranded kinase was carried out by adding an excess of, for example, about 10 units of the polynucleotide kinase to 1 nmol of the substrate, at
is (pH7.6), 10 mM MgCl ₂ , 5 mM dithiothreitol, 1
-2 mM ATP, 1.7 pmol γ32P-ATP (2.9 mCi / mmol), 0.1 mM
It is performed by using in the presence of spermidine and 0.1 mM EDTA.

Ligation is carried out in a volume of 15-50 μl at the following standard conditions and temperature: 20 mM Tris-Cl (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgC.
l ₂ , 10 mM DTT, 33 μg / ml BSA, 10 mM-50 mM NaCl, and 40 μM ATP, 0.01-0.02 (Weiss) units of T4 DNA ligase at 0 ° C (for "sticky end" ligation) or 1 mM A
Use TP, 0.3-0.6 (Weiss) units of T4 DNA ligase at 14 ° C (for "blunt end" ligation). Intermolecular "sticky end" ligations are usually performed at a total DNA concentration of 33-100 μg / ml (final total concentration 5-100 nM). Intermolecular blunt end ligation (usually using a 10-30 fold molar excess of linker) is done at a final total concentration of 1 μM.

In the construction of a vector using the “vector fragment”, the vector fragment is generally treated with bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) or bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIP) to remove the 5 ′ phosphate and to prepare the vector. Prevent reconnection. Disassembly is about 150m
At pH 8 in M Tris at pH 8 in the presence of Na ⁺ and Mg ²⁺ using about 1 unit of BAP or CIP per 1 μg of vector.
In about 1 hour. In order to recover nucleic acid fragments, this preparation is extracted with phenol / chloroform and precipitated with ethanol. Alternatively, religation can be prevented by using a vector that has had the unwanted fragment double digested with further restriction enzyme digestion.

For portions of the vector portion derived from cDNA or genomic DNA that require sequence modification, mutagenesis with site-specific primers is used. This is done using a primer synthesis oligonucleotide that is complementary to the single stranded phage DNA to be mutated other than the limited mismatch, thereby producing the desired mutation.
Briefly, synthetic oligonucleotides are used as primers to directly synthesize the complementary strand of the phage, and the resulting double-stranded DNA is used to transform a phage-supporting host bacterium. Cultures of transformed bacteria are plated on top agar to allow phage-bearing single cell plaque formation.

Theoretically, 50% of the new plaques will contain phage with the variant as single chain, and 50% will have the original sequence. The resulting plaque is hybridized with a kinase-treated synthetic primer. The temperature at this time should allow for an exact match of hybridization, but at this temperature the mismatch with the original strand is sufficient to prevent hybridization. Next, the plaque that hybridizes with the probe is picked up, cultured, and the DNA is recovered.

E. 4. Confirmation of Construction In the constructions described below, the correct ligation for plasmid construction was first determined by the E. coli strain obtained from Dr. M. Casabadan.
MC 1061 (Casabadan, M. et al, J Mol Biol (1980) 13
8: 179-207) or other suitable host by transformation with the ligation mixture. Successful transformants are selected for by resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline or other antibiotics, or with other markers according to the mode of plasmid construction as understood by those skilled in the art. Next, the transformant plasmid was transferred to Clewell, DB,
et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) (1969) 62: 1159, followed optionally by chloramphenicol amplification (Clewell, DB, et al, J Bacteriol (1972) 110: 66).
Prepare by performing 7). The isolated DNA is subjected to restriction treatment and / or Sanger. F., et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci (U.
SA) (1977) 74: 5463 by the dideoxy method.
Use as described by et al, Nucleic Acids Res (1981) 9: 309, or use Maxam, et al, Methods
in Enzymology (1980) 65: 499 by sequencing.

E. 5. Construction of cDNA or Genomic Library A human genomic library is constructed with lambda phage as known to those skilled in the art. For example, Maniatis, T., et al, Cell
(1978) 15: 687-701. A cDNA library can be prepared in λgt11 phage as described above, or a double-stranded cDNA synthesized from mRNA isolated by standard techniques.
Prepare NA. Homopolymeric tailing mediated by calf thymus terminal transferase (Sutcliffe, J.
G., Nucleic Acid Res (1978) 5: 2721-2732).
It can be inserted into a plasmid vector such as BR322. First-strand cDNA was converted to avian myeloblastosis virus R
5 μgmRN using NA-dependent DNA polymerase
Prime synthesis with oligo (dT) 12-18 on A. The RNA template is then separated from the initial DNA strand by denaturation at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes, followed by cooling on ice. Second strand DNA was synthesized by self-priming at the 3'-end of the first strand molecule using a large fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, thereby producing a double-stranded hairpin D
NA is formed. The open-ended ends of these molecules are blunt-ended, and the hairpin loop is cut open with Aspergillus oryzae S1 nuclease. S1 nuclease degradation of double-stranded cDNA is 30
600 in 0 mM NaCl, 30 mM Na0Ac, pH 4.5, 3 mM ZnCl ₂
Perform at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes with units of enzyme. cDNA
Is extracted with phenol: chloroform and ethanol precipitated in the presence of ammonium acetate three times to remove small oligonucleotides. This is done as follows: 1 /
Two volumes of 7.5M ammonium acetate and two volumes of ethanol are added to the cDNA solution, which is precipitated at -70 ° C. The blunt-ended double-stranded cDNA was then separated by gel filtration into a column (0.3 × 14 cm) Sepharose 4B (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Viscataway, NJ)
Through 5-20%
Ultracentrifuge in a glycerol gradient to fractionate the gradient.
CDNA of desired length, eg, larger than 300 base pairs
Retain A and recover by 70% ethanol precipitation. A short (10-30 nucleotide) polymeric tail of deoxycytosine is added to the 3 'end of the cDNA. The reaction at this time is 0.2 M potassium cacodylate, 25 mM Tris (pH 6.9),
2 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5 mM CoCl ₂ , 200 mM cDTP, 40
2 μg / ml containing 0 μg / ml BSA and 40 units of calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotide transferase.
Perform at 2 ° C. for 5 minutes. The reaction solution is extracted with phenol: chloroform and ethanol precipitated in the presence of ammonium acetate three times to remove small oligonucleotides.

The tailed cDNA is annealed with a host vector such as pBR322, which vector is previously cleaved with, for example, PstI and tailed with oligo dG. In one possible embodiment, 2.
5 μg of pBPR322-dG DNA was added to a vector
g / ml with the cDNA and anneal the hybrid to Casabadan, M., et al, Mol Biol (1980) 13
8: Transfer to E. coli MC 1061 by CaCl ₂ treatment described in 179-207.

E.6. Probing the cDNA or Genomic Library The cDNA or genomic library is screened, optionally using colony or plaque hybridization procedures. Colonies or plaques are screened with double nitrocellulose filter paper (S & S type BA-8)
5) Replicate on and grow colonies on L agar containing 15 μg / ml tetracycline for 14-16 hours at 37 ° C. The colonies were lysed with 10% SDS and 500 mM NaOH
DNA is immobilized on the filter by continuous treatment with /1.5M NaCl, then 0.5M Tris HCl (pH8.0) /1.5M NaCl, followed by 2x standard citrate saline (SSC) for 5 minutes. Air dry the filter 1 and bake at 80 ° C. for 2 hours.

For the nick-translated probe, double filters were used at 10 m per filter.
l DNA hybridization buffer (50% formamide (40% formamide to reduce stringency), 5x SSC, pH 7.0, 5x Denhardt's solution (polyvinylpyrrolidone plus Ficoll and bovine serum albumin; 1x = 0.02% each, 50m
M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 0.2% S
DS, 50 μg / ml yeast tRNA, and 50 μg / ml denatured, sheared salmon sperm DNA) at 42 ° C. for 16-18
Allow time prehybridization.

The sample was nicked with the DNA probe contained in 5 ml of this same DNA hybridization buffer and, if homologous, at 42 ° C.
Hybridize for 136 hours at 37 ° C. for heterogeneous sources. In the case of the same type of hybridization, the filter was used for 5 times each in 0.2 × SSC and 0.1% SDS.
The filter was washed twice at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes. In the case of heterogeneous hybridization, the filter was washed with 3 × SSC, 0.1% S
Wash in DS at 50 ° C. Air dry the filter and
Autoradiograph for 1-3 days at 70 ° C.

For synthetic (15-30 mer) oligonucleotide probes, duplicate filters were filtered through 10 ml of oligo hybridization buffer (6 × SSC, 0.1% SDS, 1 mM EDTA, 5 ml) per filter.
× Denhardt's solution. 0.05% sodium phosphate and 50 μg / ml denatured, sheared salmon sperm DNA) at 42 ° C.
And prehybridize for 2-8 hours.

The sample is hybridized with a kinase-treated 15-30 nucleotide oligonucleotide probe under conditions according to the composition of the oligonucleotide.
Typical conditions include a temperature of 30-42 ° C, 24-3
For 6 hours, use 5 ml of this same oligohybridization buffer containing the probe / filter. Filters were washed each time with 6 × SSC, 0.1% SDS and 50%
Wash twice with mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7) at 23 ° C. for 15 minutes, then wash with 6 × SSC and 0.1
2 at the hybridization temperature calculated in% SDS
Wash for 10 minutes, air dry and autoradiograph at -70 ° C for 2-3 days.

If the amino acid sequence of the desired protein or the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA encoding the same is known, the DNA for insertion into the host vector of the present invention may be prepared by a synthetic means, or such a sequence may be used. If the containing vector is deposited or available, it can be obtained by cloning such a vector. In the synthesis of the coding sequence, a single-stranded oligonucleotide having alternating sense and antisense is prepared, and the single-stranded portion having alternating sense and antisense is treated with DNA polymerase and dNTP. Fill enzymatically. Oligomers can be prepared using methods such as Efimov, VA (Nuc
leic Acids Res (1982) 6875-6894), which can be prepared using a commercially available automated oligonucleotide synthesizer. Single-stranded kinase treatment prior to annealing or for labeling is performed with an excess of, for example, 1 mmol of substrate.
With about 10 units of polynucleotide kinase to, 50mM Tris (pH7.6), 10mM MgCl 2, 5mM ^{dithiothreitol, 1-2mM ATP, 1.7pmolγ 3 2 P} -ATP (2.9 mCi / mmo
l) Perform in the presence of 0.1 mM spermidine and 0.1 mM EDTA. E.7. Example Hosts The host strains used here for cloning and expression are: E. coli for cloning and sequencing, and for expression of the construct under the control of most bacterial promoters. Strain MC1061 was used.

The cells used for mammalian expression are Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells.

[0154]

According to the present invention, a vector for a recombinant expression system for hPIP is provided. This vector contains the hP operably linked to control sequences compatible with the host cell.
Since it contains a DNA sequence encoding IP, hPIP is efficiently produced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the arachidonate cascade and eicosanoid products of the reaction scheme.

FIG. 2 shows an outline of the purification method used here.

FIG. 3 shows that 40% -60% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction of peritoneal dialysate was analyzed using Affi-Gel Blue, Concanavali A-
The elution pattern obtained when subjected to Sepharose and DEAE cellulose chromatography is shown.

FIG. 4 shows the results of SDS-PAGE for unpurified and purified fractions of peritoneal dialysate.

FIG. 5 shows the relative PIP activity at various stages of the purification scheme.

FIG. 6 shows the results of an analysis-reverse layer high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) performed on the active-containing fraction from a Concanavalin A-Sepharose column.

FIG. 7 shows the ability of polyclonal antisera to purified hPIP to detect hPIP in various fractions during the purification stage.

FIG. 8 shows the detection of hPIP bound to PA2 by an anti-40kd antibody.

FIG. 9 shows Western cells for hPIP-producing cells.
The result of Blot is shown.

FIG. 10 shows the nucleotide as well as the deduced amino acid sequence for insertion into pU200.

FIG. 11 shows the nucleotide as well as the deduced amino acid sequence for insertion into pU500.

FIG. 12 shows nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for insertion into p600.

FIG. 13 shows the nucleotide as well as the deduced amino acid sequence for insertion into pLE-1 with the complete coding sequence for hPIP.

FIG. 14 shows the relationship between various clone hPIP cDNAs and genomic parts.

FIG. 15 shows PA2 in hPIP-converted CHO cells.
4 shows suppression of activity.

FIG. 16 shows PA2 suppression by recombinant hPIP.

FIG. 17 shows comparative amino acid sequences for hPIP and phospholipase.

FIG. 18 shows the activity of the 40 kd protein in an in vitro assay measuring PGE2 release.

FIG. 19 shows the results of an in vivo rat pleurisy inhibition assay for hPIP activity.

FIG. 20 shows the activity of hPIP co-injected with carrageenan in an in vivo paw-edema assay.

FIG. 21 shows the relative ability of 100 μg of purified hPIP, 1 mg of indomethacin, and 200 μg of dexamethasone to be administered intraperitoneally in the hind paw edema.

FIG. 22 shows the relative ability of various doses of purified hPIP to inhibit hind paw edema when administered via the femoral vein of rats.

FIG. 23. Purification suppressing joint swelling with adjuvant-induced arthritis when administered intramuscularly to rats.
The relative potency of hPIP and dexamethasone (200 μg) is shown.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical indication C12N 1/21 8828-4B 9/99 C12P 21/02 C (C12N 1/21 C12R 1:19) (C12P 21/02 C12R 1:19) (C12P 21/02 C12R 1:91) (71) Applicant 595085332 2450 Bayshore Parkway Mountain View, California 94043 United States of America John (72) Invention. Ron Geneker United States California 94087 Sunnyvale, Sydney Drive 1363

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A vector for a recombinant expression system of human phospholipase inhibitory protein (hPIP), the vector encoding hPIP operably linked to a control sequence compatible with a recombinant host cell. Contains a DNA sequence,
The hPIP-encoding DNA sequence has a primary amino acid sequence with greater than 40% homology to the sequence shown below: 2. The hPIP according to claim 1, wherein the DNA sequence encoding the hPIP contains the following amino acid sequence. Embedded image 3. An active phospholipase inhibitor protein (PIP)
A vector for a recombinant expression system of a fragment,
The vector comprises a DNA encoding an active PIP fragment operably linked to control sequences compatible with the recombinant host cell.
A vector comprising a sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence of the active PIP fragment is similar to the secondary structure of the active hPIP fragment encoded by nucleotides 490-852 of the sequence shown below. Embedded image