JPH08168B2 - Filtration device for machine tools - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In industrial applications, in machine tools, chip removal or electrical discharge is carried out in a cooling, lubricating, insulating petrochemical liquid, ie steel, brass. , Copper, petroleum, and graphite intervene, which either through heat or produce associated emissions, generate a series of particles of complex chemical products that contaminate the liquid and therefore remove it. Is required.

In standard filtration systems, the vessel is provided with an inlet for the liquid to be filtered, an internal filter bed and an outlet for the filtered liquid (filtration stage). When the filter bed becomes saturated, liquid is introduced through the inlet to regenerate the filter bed and the resulting liquid is discharged through the inlet (wash stage).

[0003]

Two problems are known in the prior art. That is, in the filtration stage,
The filter material is contaminated and the duration of this stage is very short due to the rapid saturation of the filter material. Regeneration of the filtration material results in the loss of some of the filtration material, which must be replaced, which is obviously expensive and inconvenient. There is a problem.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel filter device structure which solves the above problems.

[0005]

Various contaminant particles have been tested in laboratories, but these particles are of various shapes, often spherical, of metal or of complex morphology. Various materials have also been investigated to investigate their filtration characteristics and the characteristics or fundamental changes that govern their process during various stages of operation of the filtration system.

Among other products, one obtained from silica (silicic acid anhydride) has been tested with poor results and filtered liquids containing complex particles such as petrochemical or organic substances. Of particles, which frequently appeared in the case of conventional cooling and lubricating fluids. Even in such a case, the medium is petroleum in the electrocorrosion machine. Various iron inorganic compounds have also failed to give good results, and ground bronze has been developed to solve the problem.

From these various tests, 3 good filtration materials
It was concluded that it must be governed by one basic property. That is, (a) the density (d) is high and exceeds ³ g / cm ³ , preferably about 5 g / cm ^3.
must be more than cm ³ . (b) Grinded material with a mesh size (t) not less than 0.2 mm and not more than 1 mm must be used.

(C) This milling must produce particles with sharp-edged surfaces. There are three characteristics. Ilmenite has been used for many times as a filtering material with optimal results. Ilmenite is a high weight inorganic compound, its density is on the order of 6 g / cm ³ , is easily broken and has the shape of a rhombohedral and a hexahedron. This material is obtained in the form of rows and then crushed and sieved to obtain particles with many sharp edges and irregular faces of the size of 0.3 to 1 mm between the most widely separated points. Its highest percentage measurement varies by about 0.4 mm, filling the central volume of the filter and 0.75 at the bottom of the filter.
mm.

Notwithstanding the advantages derived and derived from its geometry as outlined, attention is paid to its high density, which is transformed into a given compaction so that the particle Great stability is obtained. This ensures that there are no extensive changes inside the cavity formed (except on the surface). In experiments with other known filtered coarse particles from specific weights below ³ g / cm ³ , such as quartz, silica and others, the pump stop was pre-estimated by sudden coarse particle depressurization, and the higher the differential pressure, the more Becomes high pressure. The same can be said for the impact of the edges that occur during operation, which causes the movement of the coarse particles to cause a modification of the cavities, in which the particles trapped leak out of the filtration device and It forms a connecting passage between the upper and lower diffusers (diffusers) which degrades the quality and impedes the filtered liquid. Regarding filtration, this filtration device was also developed as one component.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The filtration device comprises a cylindrical container 1 having an inlet and an outlet, the interior of which is connected to an upper tube 2 having a diffuser and a lower tube 5. The filter device is preferably in a vertical position, but can be operated in other positions. An upper diffuser 14 is arranged at the highest part of the filter vessel 1 (close to the plug 16), the central part of which consists of a hemispherical part, the curved surface of which is required for uniform distribution of the fluid 3. It has a large hole 15. Its purpose is disturbing the surface S of the filtration particles disposed with at least the entire _^1/6 Distance height h _2, so that no turbulence, such as swirl flow is generated in the liquid 3 to be filtered This is because Through this, also the filtered particles are expelled when the liquid flow is reversed. The expansion experienced by the filtering material during this cycle is absorbed by the distance these filtering materials are located with respect to the diffuser 14, and the increased force of the liquid during washing removes the filtered particles, The particles are not removed as a result of their size and weight.

The contaminant particles are retained in the filtration bed 4,
The filter bed becomes increasingly blocked by these particles.
A diffuser is arranged at the bottom of the filtration device 1, which consists of a set of tubes 6 with star-shaped lattice elements. The tube 6 can have a closed end 7 and a number of reinforcing rings 18. The tube 6 has a notch 9 or groove through which fluid can pass from the filtration bed 4 into the interior 8 of the tube 6, said interior 8 being open to the lower supply duct 5 of the filtration device 1.

The width a of the cut groove 9 is smaller than the size of the filtering particles. The notch 9 has a minimum length and comprises parallel walls extending towards the interior 8 of the tube 6. An air vent 10 is provided to eliminate air under pressure that remains in the upper portion of the filter.

The operation of the filtration device consists of three completely different operations, namely filtration, washing and rinsing, as described below. Filtration stage: In this stage, a heavily soiled liquid 3, for example resulting from galvanic corrosion, is pumped through the upper diffuser 14 towards the filtration vessel 1. This is evenly distributed upwards and the liquid thus received causes a downward uniform movement of the volume between the upper diffuser 14 and the ilmenite surface S, passing through the ilmenite surface and containing particles contained in the liquid. Once filtered and thus filtered, the particles are received by the collector of the lower diffuser and exit through this diffuser.

When this process is repeated without interruption, the cavities or porosity formed in the ilmenite become saturated with particles, as indicated by the pressure gauge 17 interposed in this circuit, and the upper inlet 5 and lower outlet 5 The pressure differential is displayed during the wash cycle. Filter Washing: During this process liquid from the pump enters the vessel through the lower diffuser and creates a rinse flow that removes particles from external corrosion through the upper diffuser 14, which At the same time, the coarse particles that perform the filtering action expand and are sorted according to the size of the filtration mesh, so that the coarse coarse particles remain in the deepest part of the end of the filtering action and bring the finest particles to the surface.

Filter rinsing: In this step,
Liquid flows in through the upper diffuser 14 and out through the outlet 5, stabilizes and compresses the filter element 4 and causes it to relocate to a new arrangement of its cavities, for example to receive particles resulting from galvanic corrosion. cure. In FIG. 3, instead of the tube 6, a number of grooved hemispheres 11 are arranged as diffusers, the interior 8 ′ of which opens into the lower chamber 12 from which the lower duct 5 exits. Can be seen.

In both the washing and rinsing stages, it is useful to ensure a countercurrent flow of air as well as liquid, and for this reason in FIG. 3 the branched air intake pipe 1
3 is provided to facilitate removal of dirty particles from the filtering element 4 directly into the upper duct 2. This air duct opens elsewhere, for example directly into the lower chamber 12 so that this purpose can be achieved.

The lower chamber 12 is separated from the filter element 4 by a grid or otherwise, the groove of which is the tube 6 or the hemisphere 1.
I am trying to meet the purpose described in 1. This filter operates satisfactorily under the head Q of the filtered liquid and the surface S of the filtered liquid of the filtering device 1, and using the filtering device having this specific property, about 25 <Q / S <40 m ³ / h-m ² ratio, preferably to hold the ratio of ^{30 <Q / S <35m 3} / h-m 2 was confirmed experimentally.

The height h ₁ of the filtration bed is almost equal to the diameter of the filtration device using only the impulse pump. These characteristics vary with the pump type during the various process steps, but since the filtration system works satisfactorily with a single pump,
The use of several pumps is considered disadvantageous.

As already indicated, the upper collector 14 is located near the bung 16 so that practically the overall height is h ₂ = 1.2h ₁ . To facilitate correct measurements for each filtration device, two types of particles in separate bags are available, which can be from 0.6 to 1
mm, first introduced at a depth of about 10 cm above the lower diffuser and then added with small grit varying between 0.3 and 0.6 mm, as already mentioned, at least ¹ / of the total height of the vessel.
Put on ₆ uncovered.

In view of the small differences, the distance between the diffusers is considered to be the same as the distance between the inlet duct 2 and the outlet duct 5.

[0021]

According to the present invention, since the filter material forming the filter bed is a particle having a crushed surface with sharp edges, the contaminated medium to be filtered is caught by these edges and is captured. The action is brought about. Also, in general, during the regeneration step of the filtration material, the liquid level in the filtration container becomes higher than that in the filtration step and reaches the upper tube, which may cause the filtration material to flow out through the upper tube. Since the invention uses particles with a density greater than 5 g / cm ³ as the filtering material, the particles will not flow out through the upper tube, eliminating the need for frequent refilling or replacement of the filtering material.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a filtration device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lower diffuser tube.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the filtration device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Filtration container 2 ... Upper tube 3 ... Fluid 4 ... Filtration bed 5 ... Lower tube 6 ... Tube 12 ... Lower chamber 14 ... Diffuser

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A filtering device for use with a machine tool that operates to filter at least one of steel, brass, and copper from a liquid solvent, the filter device having a closed top end and a closed bottom end. A cylindrical container, an upper conduit located near the top end of the container, a lower conduit located near the bottom end of the container and having a lower diffuser connected in fluid communication, and surrounding the lower diffuser. A filtering element having a diameter φ, having a first surface proximate the top end and a second surface proximate the bottom end, and having a density (d) of about 6 g / cm ^3. Consisting essentially of ilmenite particles having a size (t) ranging between a minimum size of about 0.2 mm and a maximum size of about 1.0 mm, the ilmenite particles having sharp edges and irregular sizes. Is the form of particles with Consists of a filtering element, the distance between the upper conduit and lower conduit (h ₂₎ is at least 1.2 times the height of the filtering element (h _1), the upper conduit to face the top end of the container It has a hemispherical upwardly directed diffuser, said upwardly directed diffuser having an outlet hole and said distance (h) from said lower conduit.
Filtering device for use with machine tools, located in ₂ ). 2. The machine tool filtration apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lower diffuser comprises grooved elements, each groove being smaller than the minimum particle size. 3. The filtering device for machine tools according to claim 2, wherein the groove extends inwardly of the grooved element. 4. The filtering device for machine tools according to claim 3, wherein the grooved element is a set of tubes arranged in a star shape. 5. The machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the grooved element is in the form of a plurality of hemispheres communicating with a compartment proximate the first surface of the filtration element to which the lower conduit is connected. Filtration device. 6. The filtering device for machine tools according to claim 1, wherein the height (h ₁ ) of the filtering element in the filtering device is substantially equal to the diameter φ of the filtering element. 7. The filtering device for machine tools according to claim 1, wherein an air conduit is connected to the lower conduit for backwashing the filtering element. 8. The filtering device is operated at different operating stages and different differential pressure gauges are connected in fluid communication between the upper and lower conduits, the differential pressure gauges detecting different operating stages. 1. The method according to claim 1, wherein
The machine tool filtration device described in. 9. The filtration device has a filtration area (S), and the head (Q) of the filtered liquid has the formula 25 <Q / S <40 m ³ / h.
The filtering device for machine tools according to claim 1, given by -m ² .