JPH08149800A - Voltage converter - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a voltage converter in which the conversion efficiency can be enhanced while reducing the size and the minus terminal can be earthed on the output side. CONSTITUTION: An astable multivibrator 1 transmitting a signal alternately is inserted between DC feeder lines AB having earthed minus side. Switching elements, i.e., transistors Ta, Tb, are connected in series between the feeder lines AB and a series circuit of transistors Tc, Td is connected in parallel therewith. The astable multivibrator 1 is connected such that when one switching element on the side of intermediate point X of the transistors Ta, Tb is turned ON, the other switching element on the side of intermediate point Y of the transistors Tc, Td is turned ON. Furthermore, a plurality of circuits 3 for multiplying the voltage by (n), each comprising a combination of a plurality of diodes and capacitors, are inserted between the points X and Y with the final stage capacitor Cn of the circuit 3 being connected between the feeder lines AB on the output side.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a voltage converter for converting a voltage by combining a switching element or a capacitor and an n-fold voltage circuit between DC power lines.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a transformer having a coil wound around an iron core has been used to convert an AC voltage. This is for converting alternating current, but not for converting direct current. For this reason, when converting the voltage of the direct current, it is necessary to convert the direct current into the alternating current first, convert the voltage, and then rectify the direct current to convert it into the direct current. The transformer used for this voltage conversion is expensive because it uses a ferrite core for the iron core, and it is heavy and large because the coil is wound.
It had a very low defect of about 85%. Further, there is a similar problem because a transformer is used when converting the voltage of the alternating current.

For this reason, the present inventor first combined a capacitor and a switching element to convert a DC voltage without using a transformer to significantly improve the conversion efficiency, and
A voltage conversion device having a smaller device has been proposed (Fig. 4 of JP-A-6-133542).

In this voltage converter, as shown in FIG. 17, an astable multivibrator 1 is provided between DC power supply lines AB, and transistors Ta and Tb which are two switching elements connected in series and turned on and off alternately are provided. , Two sets of transistors Tc and Td, which are connected in series and are alternately turned on and off, are connected in parallel between the DC power supply lines AB. Transistors Tb, Tc
The base of is connected to the transistor T ₂ side of the astable multivibrator 1 through the transistor T ₃ . The bases of the transistors Ta and Td are connected to the transistor T ₁ side of the astable multivibrator 1 through the transistor T ₄ and these transistors Ta and Td are connected to each other.
And Td, and Tb and Tc are alternately turned on and off diagonally.

Further, a transistor Ta connected in series is provided.
, Tb is X, and the intermediate point of the transistors Tc and Td connected in series is Y. Two diodes D ₁ and D ₂ and capacitors C ₁ and C are provided between X and Y.
_The voltage doubler rectifier circuit 2 in which 2 is connected to the bridge is connected,
This DC output side contact is connected to the load side.

In the booster circuit, when the input voltage E (V) is applied between the DC power supply lines AB, the astable multivibrator 1 alternately emits the signals a and b. When the signal b is applied to the base of one of the transistors Tb which serves as a switching element, it is turned on and the transistors Tc arranged diagonally are also turned on. In this case, the signal a
, The transistors Ta and Td remain off. In this state, the voltage E from the DC power line A
The current of (V) flows through the transistor Tc, the intermediate point Y, the capacitor C ₂ , the diode D ₂ , and the transistor Tb. At this time, the potential of the intermediate point Y becomes E (V), and the intermediate point X connected to the minus side is 0 (V), so that the potential difference between the intermediate points XY is 0−E = −E (V ).

Next, when the signal a is transmitted, the transistor T
a and Td are turned on, and the transistors Tb and Tc are turned off. In this state, the direct current is
From a to midpoint X, diode D ₁ , capacitor C ₁ ,
It flows through the transistor Td. At this time, the potential of the intermediate point X becomes E (V), and the intermediate point Y connected to the minus side is 0.
(V), the potential difference between the intermediate points X and Y is E-0 = E
(V). Therefore, an AC voltage of E (V) is generated between the intermediate points X and Y, and this voltage is doubled by the voltage doubler rectifier circuit 2 in which _two diodes D ₁ and D ₂ and capacitors C ₁ and C ₂ are connected to the bridge. By rectifying, a DC current of 2E (V) flows from the DC output side contact to the load side.

However, in the conventional voltage conversion device, when outputting an alternating current between the intermediate points X and Y, two transistors Ta and Td or two transistors Tb and Tc operate in series, so that the loss of each transistor is lost. There was a problem that all were added. If both the input minus and the output minus are grounded, the transistor Td
When is turned on, the positive charge of the capacitor C ₂ becomes
Since it flows from the intermediate point Y through the transistor Td and the ground to the minus side of the output side, grounding becomes impossible,
There is a problem that it cannot be used when a common ground on the input / output side is required as in the case of electric components of automobiles.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks and can convert the voltage of a direct current by combining a capacitor and a switching element without using a transformer to greatly improve the conversion efficiency. At the same time, the device is downsized, and a voltage converter capable of grounding the minus on the output side is provided.

[0010]

A voltage converter according to claim 1 of the present invention is an astable multivibrator for converting a direct current into an arbitrary frequency and alternately transmitting two signals between direct current power lines. In addition, two switching elements or capacitors are connected in series between the DC power supply lines and the intermediate point is defined as X, and two switching elements or capacitors are connected in series in parallel with this Let the point be Y, connect the above-mentioned non-stable multivibrator so that the other switching element on the Y side turns on when one switching element on the X side turns on, and connect a diode and a capacitor between X and Y. One or more stages of n-fold voltage circuits combined are provided, and the final stage capacitor of the n-fold voltage circuit is provided between the power lines on the output side. Than it is.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the above circuit, the positive power supply line on the input side is connected to the diode at the first stage of the n-fold voltage circuit, and n is provided between the power supply lines on the output side.
It is characterized in that a capacitor at the final stage of the voltage doubler circuit is provided.

According to another aspect of the voltage converter of the present invention, an astable multivibrator which converts direct current into an arbitrary frequency and alternately emits two signals is provided between the direct current power supply lines, and the direct current power supply lines are connected between the direct current power supply lines. In addition to connecting two switching elements in series, the astable multivibrator is connected so that when one switching element is turned on, the other switching element is turned off. One or more n-fold voltage circuit in which a plurality of diodes and capacitors are combined with the power supply line is provided, and a final-stage capacitor of the n-fold voltage circuit is provided between the output power lines. It is a thing.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the voltage conversion device according to the third aspect of the present invention, wherein the n-fold voltage circuit is formed by combining two diodes and two capacitors, and each of the n-fold voltage circuits has a rear capacitor. After holding the electric charge charged in the front side capacitor once, it is used as a holding capacitor that discharges to the front side capacitor of the next stage n-fold voltage circuit. It is characterized by having a condenser.

[0014]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the switching element is repeatedly turned on and off, so that the charging voltage of the capacitor sequentially increases, and in the stable state, the final stage capacitor is charged with nE (V). This will be output to the load side. At this time, when the switching element provided on the minus side output power line side is turned on, the charging current to the final stage capacitor does not pass through the switching element, so that there is no loss in the switching element. Moreover, since the positive charge of the capacitor does not flow to the negative side of the output side through the ground, the negative side of the output side can be grounded.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the positive power supply line on the input side is connected to the first stage diode of the n-fold voltage circuit, so that the first stage diode does not pass through one switching element. Since the voltage is directly supplied from the positive power line, the output loss of the n-fold voltage circuit can be reduced.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, when one of the switching elements is off, the input voltage flows through the diode of the n-fold voltage circuit, the capacitor and the switching element to the negative side power supply line, and at this time, E ( V) is charged. Next, when one of the switching elements is turned on, the input voltage E (V) flows through the path of the switching element, the capacitor and the diode, and 2E (V) is output to the final stage capacitor.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, one of the switching elements is in an off state, the input voltage is a diode of an n-fold voltage circuit, the first-stage front side capacitor connected to the intermediate point X, and the negative side via the switching element. Flow to the power line,
At this time, E (V) is charged in the front condenser of the first stage. Next, when one of the switching elements is turned on, 1
The E (V) that was charged in the front condenser of the stage is
After passing through the diode, it is discharged to the holding capacitor on the rear side of the first stage and temporarily held there.

Next, when one of the switching elements is turned off, the input voltage E (V) is added to the first-stage holding capacitor, and from there, through the second-stage diode, the second-stage front-side capacitor receives 2E. (V) is charged. Further, one switching element is turned on, and 2E (V) is charged and held in the holding capacitor on the rear side of the second stage through the diode from the front side condenser of the second stage. Similarly, when the switching element is turned on and off, the front side capacitor is charged to the rear side holding capacitor. Further, the input voltage E (V) is added from here, and the front side condenser of the next stage is sequentially charged to finally output an n-fold voltage.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows a step-up circuit for doubling the DC current. An unstable multivibrator 1 is provided between the DC power supply line AB whose input and output are both grounded on the negative side, and which are connected in series and alternately turn on and off. The transistors Ta and Tb, which are the switching elements of, are connected in parallel between the DC power supply lines AB, and the intermediate point thereof is designated as X. Further, in parallel with this, transistors Tc and Td, which are two switching elements which are alternately turned on and off, are connected between the DC power supply lines AB, and the intermediate point thereof is designated as Y. 3 is an n-fold voltage circuit,
Two diodes D ₁ and D ₂ and two capacitors C
The capacitor C _{2 at the} final stage is formed by combining ₁ and C _2, and is connected in parallel between the power supply lines AB on the output side.

The astable multivibrator 1 has 2
Transistors T ₁ and T ₂ are connected in parallel, the positive side DC power supply line A is crossed and connected to the base, and one transistor T ₁ is in the ON state and the other transistor T ₂
Is turned off, and then the reverse state is alternately repeated to output the signals a and b.

The bases of the transistors Ta and Td, which are the switching elements, are connected to the signal a of the unstable multivibrator 1 via the transistor T ₄ . The bases of the transistors Tb and Tc, which are diagonally arranged and serve as switching elements, are based on the transistor T _3.
Is connected to the signal b of the astable multivibrator 1 via.

The n-fold voltage circuit 3 connects the diode D ₁ and the capacitor C ₁ connected in series between the intermediate points X and Y, and outputs from the intermediate point M between the diode D ₁ and the capacitor C _1. Pull out the positive power supply line A on the side, connect the diode D ₂ in series here, and
A final stage capacitor C ₂ is connected in parallel between the plus power source line A and the minus power source line B on the output side.

In the booster circuit, when the input voltage E (V) is applied between the DC power supply lines AB, one transistor T ₁ of the unstable multivibrator ₁ is in the ON state and the other transistor T ₂ is in the OFF state. The signals a and b are alternately transmitted by repeating alternately. First, a voltage is applied to the base of one of the transistors T ₂ to turn it on, and the signal a is output. This signal a is the transistor T
_When it is applied to the bases of one of the transistors Ta and Td, which are switching elements, via ₄ , the transistor is turned on. In this case, since the signal b is not output, the other transistors Tb and Tc remain off.

In this state, the input voltage E (V) passes from the positive side DC power supply line A through the transistor Ta in the ON state, the intermediate point X, and the diode D _{1 of} the n-fold voltage circuit 3 connected in series. The negative side DC power supply line B passing through the capacitor C ₁ , the intermediate point Y and the transistor Td.
Current flows through. At this time, E (V) on the X side and 0 on the Y side
Since it is (V), the condenser C ₁ has E (V)
Is charged.

Next, when the other transistor T ₁ of the unstable multivibrator ₁ is turned on, the transistor T ₁ is turned on.
₂ is turned off and the signal b is output. When this signal b is applied via the transistor T ₃ to the bases of the other transistors Tb and Tc, which are switching elements, it is turned on. In this case, since the signal a is not output, the other transistors Ta and Td are turned off.

In this state, the transistor Tc whose input voltage E (V) is in the ON state from the positive side DC power supply line A,
A current flows through the intermediate point Y, the capacitor C ₁ of the n-fold voltage circuit 3, the intermediate point M, the diode D _2, and the DC power supply line A on the plus side. At this time, since the capacitor C ₁ has already been charged with electric charge of E (V), the capacitor C ₂ at the final stage provided between the power supply lines AB on the output side has twice the input voltage E (V). 2E (V) is charged, and a voltage of 2E (V) is output from here to the load side. Therefore 2
E (V) does not pass through any of the transistors Tb and Td, is output to the diode D ₂ , and there is no loss in the transistor.
When the transistor Td is turned on, the capacitor C
The positive charge of ₁ does not flow to the minus side of the output side via the ground, but is common to the minus side of the input side, so the minus side of the output side can be grounded.

FIG. 2 shows the circuit of FIG. 1 in which the diode D ₁ on the front side of the n-fold voltage circuit 3 is directly connected to the positive power supply line A on the input side. In this circuit, when the transistors Ta and Td are turned on, the input voltage E (V) is directly applied from the positive side DC power supply line A to the diode D on the front side.
_Since the capacitor C ₁ is charged through ₁ , the output loss due to the transistor Ta can be reduced.

FIG. 3 shows a voltage converter which boosts the voltage by n times. In the circuit of FIG. 1, the intermediate point XY
An n-fold voltage circuit 3 is provided between the two, the diode D _n at the final stage is connected to the positive power supply line A on the output side, and the capacitor C _n is connected in parallel between the power supply line AB on the output side. is there. In this case, when a voltage 10 times as high as the input voltage is obtained as the output voltage, n = 10, which is a combination of the diodes D _{1 to} D ₁₀ and the capacitors C _{1 to} C ₁₀ forming the n-fold voltage circuit 3. Become.

In this connection structure, the positive power supply line A on the output side is drawn out from the midpoint M between the diode D ₁ and the capacitor C ₁ connected in series, and the diodes D _{2 to} D
Connect _n in series. Between the diode D _2, midpoint X side and between the D _3, between the connecting a capacitor C ₂ in parallel, further a diode D _3, the midpoint Y side and between the D _4, the capacitor C ₃ Are connected in parallel and diode D
_A condenser C _{4 is} placed between the point ₄ and D ₅ and the side of the intermediate point X.
Are connected in parallel. Similarly, condensers C ₅ ... C
Connect _n-1 in a staggered fashion. The other structure is similar to that of FIG.

In the above device, the signal a is output from the non-stable multivibrator 1 and one of the transistors T
When applied to the bases of a and Td, it is turned on and there is no output of signal b, so the other transistor T _b ,
Tc remains off. In this state, input voltage E
(V) passes from the positive side DC power supply line A through the transistor Ta in the ON state, passes through the intermediate point through X, and further passes through the diode D ₁ and the capacitor C ₁ of the n-fold voltage circuit 3 connected in series, A current flows from the intermediate point Y to the negative side DC power supply line B through the transistor Td.

At this time, the X side is E (V) and the Y side is 0 (V).
Therefore, the capacitor C ₁ is charged with the electric charge of E (V) as shown in FIG. At this time, the middle point M
Both ends of the diodes D _{2 to} D _n connected to
Since it is (V), the capacitors C ₂ , C ₄ , C ₆ ... Connected in parallel on the side of the intermediate point X are not charged, but are opposite to the middle of the diode D ₂ -D _n side and 0 (V). Capacitors C ₃ , C ₅ ... C connected in parallel with the point Y side
Electric charges of E (V) are charged in _{n-1 respectively,} and the waveform becomes as shown in the waveform diagram of FIG.

Next, when the other transistor T ₁ of the astable multivibrator ₁ is turned on, the transistor T ₁ is turned on.
₂ is turned off and the signal b is output. When this signal b is applied via the transistor T ₃ to the bases of the other transistors Tb and Tc which serve as switching elements, it is turned on, and since the signal a is not output, the other transistors Ta and Td are turned off. .

In this state, the transistor Tc whose input voltage E (V) is in the ON state from the positive side DC power supply line A,
A current flows through the negative point DC power supply line B through the intermediate point Y, the capacitor C ₁ and the intermediate point M of the n-fold voltage circuit 3, the diode D ₂ , the capacitor C ₂ , the intermediate point X, and the transistor Tb. In this path, the condenser C
_{Since 1} has already been charged with E (V),
The capacitor C ₂ has 2E, which is twice the input voltage E (V).
(V) is charged.

Similarly, from the transistor Tc to the midpoint Y,
A current also flows to the negative side DC power supply line B through the capacitor C ₃ , the diode D ₄ , the capacitor C ₄ , the intermediate point X, and the transistor Tb, and the capacitor C ₃ is already charged with E (V). Therefore, the capacitor C ₄ is charged with 2E (V). Similarly, from condenser C ₅ to condenser C ₆ , condenser C ₇
From the capacitor C ₈ is charged with electric charge of 2E (V), while the capacitors C ₁ , C ₃ , C ₅ ... C _n-1 are charged with electric charge of E (V) respectively, and the waveform diagram of FIG. become that way.

Next, the signal a is output again and one of the transistors Ta and Td is turned on, and the transistor T is turned on.
_{When b} and Tc are turned off, the input voltage E (V) passes from the positive side DC power supply line A through the transistor Ta in the ON state, passes through the intermediate point through X, and further passes through the diode D ₁ and the capacitor C ₁ . A current flows from the intermediate point Y through the transistor Td to the negative side DC power supply line B, and E (V) is recharged in the capacitor C ₁ .

On the other hand, a current also flows through the DC power supply line B on the minus side through the transistor Ta, the capacitor C ₂ , the diode D ₃ , the capacitor C ₃ , the intermediate point Y, and the transistor Td, but the capacitor C ₂ is already in use. 2E
Since the electric charge of (V) is charged, the capacitor C ₃
Is added to charge 3E (V). Similarly, from condenser C ₄ to condenser C ₅ ,
The capacitors C ₆ to C ₇ are charged, the capacitors C ₅ , C ₇ ... C _n-1 are charged with 3E (V), and the capacitors C ₂ , C ₄ ... Are kept at 2E (V). It becomes like the waveform chart of 4.

Next, the signal b is output again and the transistor T
When b and Tc are turned on and the other transistors Ta and Td are turned off, the input voltage E (V) is the positive side DC power supply line A.
From the transistor Tc in the ON state, the intermediate point Y, the capacitor C ₁ , the intermediate point M, the diode D ₂ , the capacitor C ₂ , the intermediate point X, and the transistor Tb to the negative side DC power supply line B. . The capacitor C ₁ is already charged with the electric charge of E (V), but even if this is added, the capacitor C ₂ is already charged with 2
Since the electric charge of E (V) is charged, the charging voltage does not change.

Similarly, from the transistor Tc to the midpoint Y,
A current also flows through the capacitor C ₃ , the diode D ₄ , the capacitor C ₄ , and the transistor Tb to the negative side DC power supply line B, but in this route, the capacitor C ₃ has already been charged with 3E (V) of electric charge. Therefore, this is added and the capacitor C ₄ is charged with 4E (V). Similarly, the capacitors C ₅ to C ₆ and the capacitors C ₇ to C ₈ are charged with 4E (V), respectively, and as a result, the capacitors C ₄ , C ₆ , C ₈ ... Are charged with 4E (V). Then, the final stage capacitor C _n connected to this also becomes 4E (V).

As described above, by repeatedly turning on / off the transistors Ta and Td and the transistors Tb and Tc, the charging voltage of the capacitor C _n is gradually increased, and finally the capacitor C ₁ is charged. Is E
(V), the capacitor C ₂ is charged with 2E (V), the capacitor C ₃ is charged with 3E (V), and the final stage capacitor C _n is charged with nE (V), which is output to the load side. become. Therefore, when the transistor Td is turned on, the positive charge of the capacitor C ₁ does not flow to the negative side of the output side through the ground, and the negative side of the output side can be grounded.

FIG. 5 shows the circuit of FIG. 3 in which the diode D ₁ on the front side of the n-fold voltage circuit 3 in the first stage is directly connected to the positive power supply line A on the input side. In this circuit, when the transistors Ta and Td are turned on, the input voltage E
Since (V) is directly charged from the positive side DC power supply line A through the first-stage diode D ₁ to the capacitor C ₁ ,
The loss due to the transistor Ta can be reduced.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment, in which the intermediate point Y
Side transistor Tc, the capacitor C _a two equal volume of Td, is replaced with a C _b. DC power line A
When voltage E (V) is applied between B, two capacitors C
_a, the potential of the midpoint Y of the C _b is the half of the input voltage E (V) E / 2 ( V). The potential at the midpoint X of the transistors Ta and Tb connected in series is such that the transistor Ta is on and the transistor Tb is off, and the input voltage E
(V) passes from the positive side DC power supply line A through the transistor Ta in the ON state, passes through the intermediate point through X, and further passes through the diode D ₁ and the capacitor C ₁ of the n-fold voltage circuit 3 connected in series, A current flows from the intermediate point Y to the minus side DC power supply line B through the capacitor C _b .

At this time, the electric potential on the X side is E (V), and the electric potential on the Y side is E (V).
/ (V), the potential difference between the intermediate points X and Y is E-
E / 2 = E / 2 (V), and E for the capacitor C _1.
A charge of / 2 (V) is charged. At this time, the middle point M
Both ends of the diodes D _{2 to} D _n connected to
(V), the potential difference between this point and the intermediate point Y is EE
/ 2 = E / 2 (V), and the capacitors C ₃ , C ₅ ... C _n-1 connected in parallel here have E / 2 (V), respectively.
Is charged.

Next, when the signal b is output, the transistor T
b is turned on and the other transistor Ta is turned off. In this state, the input voltage E (V) passes from the positive DC power supply line A through the capacitor C _a , the intermediate point Y, the capacitor C ₁ of the n-fold voltage circuit 3, the intermediate point M, and the diode D.
₂ , a current flows through the negative side DC power supply line B through the capacitor C ₂ , the intermediate point X, and the transistor Tb. In this path, the condenser C ₁ already has E / 2
Since the electric charge of (V) is charged, the capacitor C ₂
Is charged with twice as much E (V). Similarly, the capacitors C ₄ , C _6, ... Are charged with E (V). By the same operation as in the embodiment of FIG. 3 below, finally the capacitor C _n at the final stage is charged with nE / 2 (V), and this is output to the load side. Is 10
In case of (V), output voltage is 15 (V), 25 (V), 35
It can be adjusted as in (V).

In FIG. 6, the capacitor C _n-2 is (n-2) E / 2 (V), and the capacitor C _n-1 is (n-
1) E / 2 is charged, but when n is an even number, X becomes E (V) when the transistor Ta is on.
From the point, the charging voltage of the capacitor C _n-2 (n-2) E / 2
(V) is added and E + (n-2) E / 2 = nE / 2
(V) is output to the diode D _n . On the other hand, when the transistor Tb is on, the point X becomes O (V) and the point E / 2 becomes E / 2.
(V) and the charging voltage of the capacitor C _n-1 (n-1) E / 2
Is added and E / 2 + (n-1) E / 2 = nE / 2 is output to the diode D _n . Therefore, if n is even,
When both the transistors Ta and Tb are turned on, a smooth output voltage equal to nE / 2 can be obtained as shown in FIG.

When n is an odd number, the transistor Ta
When the capacitor is on, the capacitor C is connected from the X point which becomes E (V)
_n-1 charging voltage (n-1) E / 2 (V) is added and E +
(N-1) E / 2 = (n + 1) E / 2 (V) is outputted to the diode D _n. On the other hand, when the transistor Tb is on, the X point becomes O (V), and E / 2 (V) at the Y point and the charging voltage (n-2) E / 2 of the capacitor C _n- 2 are added to obtain E /
2+ (n−2) E / 2 = (n−1) E / 2 (V) is output to the capacitor C _n−1 and the diode D _n , but the capacitor C _n−1 already has (n−1). (N-1) E / 2 generated because E / 2 (V) is charged is diode D _n
Will be output to.

Therefore, when n is an odd number, the transistor T
Output voltage (n + 1) to diode D _n when a is on
Looking at the difference between E / 2 (V) and the output voltage (n-1) E / 2 (V) when the transistor Tb is on, (n + 1) E / 2
-(N-1) E / 2 = E (V), and as shown in FIG. 8 (A), a rectangular wave-shaped output in which the transistor Ta is on is higher by E (V) than when the transistor Tb is on. It becomes a voltage.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the positions of the transistor Ta and the capacitor Ca are changed to change the transistor Tb.
By replacing the positions of the capacitor Cb and the capacitor Cb, the first-stage diode D ₁ is connected to the intermediate point X side of the capacitors Ca and Cb, and the negative side of the capacitor C _n-1 is similarly changed to the intermediate point X.
With the n-fold voltage circuit configuration connected to the side, a smooth output voltage can be obtained when n is an odd number. In this case, the transistor T and the Zener diode ZD are connected in parallel with the capacitor Ca.

Also in FIG. 7, the capacitor C _n-2 has (n
-2) E / 2 (V), the capacitor C _n-1 has (n-1)
E / 2 (V) is charged. When n is an even number, when the transistor Tc is on, the charging voltage (n-1) E / 2 (V) of the capacitor C _n-1 is added from the Y point at which E (V) is reached, and E + (n- 1) E / 2 = (n + 1) E / 2 (V) is output to the diode D _n . On the other hand, when the transistor Td is on, the Y point becomes O (V) and the E / 2 (V) at the X point and the charging pressure (n-2) E / 2 (V) of the capacitor C _n-2 are added, E / 2 + (n-2) E / 2 = (n-1) E /
2 (V) is output to the capacitor C _n-1 and the diode D _n . Therefore, the difference between the output voltages when the transistor Tc is on and when the transistor Td is on is (n + 1) E.
/ 2− (n−1) E / 2 = E (V) and (B) of FIG.
As shown in, when the transistor Tc is on, E is more
(V) A high rectangular wave output voltage is obtained.

On the contrary, when n is an odd number, when the transistor Tc is turned on, the capacitor C _n-2 starts from the point Y when it becomes E (V).
Charging voltage (n-2) E / 2E (V) is added to E +
(N-2) E / 2 = nE / 2 is output to the capacitor C _n-1 and the diode D _n . Since the capacitor C _n-1 has (n-1) E / 2 (V) already charged and the potential E / 2 at the point X, (n-1) E / 2 + E / 2 = n
Since it is E / 2 (V) and has the same potential, nE / 2 (V) is practically output to the diode D _n . FIG. 7
, The potential at the intermediate point X decreases as the load increases, and the voltage across the capacitor Ca increases, so E / 2
It is necessary to operate the transistor T with the Zener diode ZD operating at (V) to maintain the potential at the intermediate point X at E / 2 (V).

On the other hand, when the transistor Td is on, the Y point becomes O (V) and the charging voltage (n-1) E / 2 (V) of the capacitor C _n-1 is added from the X point of E / 2 to E. / 2 +
(N-1) E / 2 = nE / 2 (V) is outputted to the diode D _n. Therefore, when n is an odd number, (B) in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, a smooth output voltage of nE / 2 can be obtained when both the transistors Tc and Td are on.

That is, when outputting full wave rectification of nE / 2, if n is an even number, the n-fold voltage circuit 3 of the first stage as shown in FIG.
Of the diode D ₁ of the transistor Ta and Tb at the midpoint X
, And the negative side of the capacitor C _n-1 is connected to the intermediate point Y between the capacitors Ca and Cb. If n is an odd number, then the first stage diode D _{1 as} shown in FIG. Is connected to the side of the intermediate point X between the capacitors Ca and Cb, and the negative side of the capacitor C _n-1 is similarly connected to the side of the intermediate point X, so that an n-fold voltage circuit configuration is preferable.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment in which the intermediate point X
Between Y and Y, two sets of n-fold voltage circuits 3A and 3B are provided in reverse combination. In this structure, in the upper n-fold voltage circuit 3A, when the transistors Ta and Td are on, the voltage output to the final stage capacitor C _n is n.
E (V), and when the transistors Tb and Tc are on, the voltage output to the final stage capacitor C _n is (n
-1) E (V). In the lower n-fold voltage circuit 3B, when the transistors Ta and Td are on, the voltage output to the final stage capacitor C _n is (n-1) E.
(V), and when the transistors Tb and Tc are on, the voltage output to the final stage capacitor C _n is nE (V).
Becomes Therefore, the voltage output to the final-stage capacitor C _n is a combined voltage of the upper side and the lower side, and nE (V) is output in the full-wave n-fold voltage state shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 shows the circuit of FIG. 9 in which the diode D ₁ on the front side of the n-fold voltage circuit 3 in the first stage is directly connected to the positive power supply line A on the input side. In this circuit, when the transistors Ta and Td are turned on, the input voltage E
(V) is directly charged from the positive side DC power supply line A through the diode D ₁ on the front side to the capacitor C ₁ ,
The output loss due to the transistor Ta can be reduced.

In FIG. 1, transistors Ta and Tc, which are switching elements, are of PNP type (P in the case of FET).
However, when an NPN type (N channel in the case of FET) is used like the transistors T _b and T _{d as} shown in FIG. 12, looking at the transistor Ta, in order to turn it on. , The base voltage E _b of the transistor Ta must be higher than the emitter voltage E _e . When the transistor Ta is on, the emitter voltage E _e and the input voltage E become equal, and when the input voltage E is directly added to the base voltage E _b , the base voltage E e
_b = input voltage E = emitter voltage E _e, and it does not operate.

In order to improve this point, as shown in FIG. 12, a diode D _a and a capacitor C connected in series are connected.
_a in parallel with the transistor Ta and the DC power supply line A and the intermediate point X
This is connected between this diode D _a and capacitor C
the base of the intermediate point and the transistor Ta of _a connecting via a resistor R. Further with connecting transistors t _a between the base and the intermediate point X, connects the output side of the photo coupler F _a to the base. Also photo coupler F
input of _a is connected between the DC power supply line AB in parallel with the transistor T ₁ of the non-stable multivibrator 1.
The transistor Tc has the same structure.

A transistor t _b is connected to the base of the transistor T _b , the output side of the photocoupler F _b is connected to this base, and the input side of the photocoupler F _b is connected to the unstable multivibrator 1. It is connected between the DC power supply line AB in parallel with the transistor T ₂ . The transistor T _d has the same structure.

In the above structure, when the transistor Ta is off and the transistor Tb is on, the input voltage E is charged in the capacitor C _a via the diode D _a . Then the transistor Ta is turned on, the transistor Tb is turned off, the photo coupler F _a is turned on, the transistor t _b is turned on, the charging voltage E _c of the capacitor C _a is turned on is supplied to the base of the transistor Ta through resistor R .

Thus, even if the transistor Ta is turned on and the input voltage E = the emitter voltage E _e , the charging voltage E _c does not become the charging voltage E _c = input voltage E of the capacitor C _a due to the diode D _{a. c} is the emitter voltage E
_The potential becomes higher than _e and the base voltage E _b is continuously supplied. For this reason, the charging voltage E _c decreases due to discharging, but by using an FET for the transistor Ta, increasing the resistance of the resistor R, and speeding up the on / off timing of the transistors Ta and Tb, this The drop can be practically ignored.

FIG. 13 shows another embodiment when combined with a constant voltage circuit. This is combined with the circuit of FIG. 3 to connect a capacitor C _y , a diode D _y , and a capacitor C _z in series between the transistor Ta and the minus power supply line B on the output side. Also condenser C _y
And the diode D _y , the diode D _n at the final stage of the n-fold voltage circuit 3 is connected via the diode D _x . Further, the driving transistor T _y is connected to the plus side power supply line A on the output side, the control transistor T _z is connected to the minus side power supply line B, and this collector is connected to the base of the driving transistor T _z . The base is also connected to the diode D _y via a resistor R _z .
Furthermore between the DC power supply line AB on the output side, in parallel with the transistor T _z, the Zener diode ZD which operates at a predetermined Zener voltage E _z are connected.

In the above device, the final stage capacitor C _n is charged with nE as in the above embodiment. Also, the base voltage E applied to the base of the driving transistor T _y
y becomes nE + E in which the input voltage E is added to the voltage nE charged in the capacitor C _y . Assuming that the output voltage is E _O , if the Zener voltage E _z ≧ the output voltage E _O , the current i _Z flowing to the Zener diode ZD side is 0 and the control transistor T _z is turned off. On the other hand, when the transistor Ta is on, the control voltage E _{y obtained} by adding the voltage nE charged in the capacitor C _z and the input voltage E is the resistance R
It is added to the base of the driving transistor T _y via _z to be turned on, and the output voltage nE is directly output to the load. Here even emitter voltage nE = the output voltage E _O, the base voltage E _y of the driving transistor T _y is nE +
Since the voltage is E, a voltage higher than the emitter voltage nE of the driving transistor T _y by E is supplied, so that a complete ON state can be maintained.

Next, when the Zener voltage E _z <output voltage E _O , the current i _Z flowing to the Zener diode ZD side
> 0 and the control transistor T _z is turned on. Thus the base voltage E _y had joined the base of the driving transistor T _y is the resistance R _z, bypassing the DC power supply line B of the negative-side through the control transistor T _z, the driving transistor T _y is turned off, The voltage supply to the load side is stopped. As a result, the output voltage E _O decreases and E _z ≧
When it becomes E _O , the base voltage is again applied to the driving transistor T _y to turn it on, and the same operation is repeated thereafter, and the constant voltage E _O same as the Zener voltage E _z is output to the load side.

[0062] Note that through the diode D _y from the condenser C _y in the above embodiment, although removed base voltage E _y of the driving transistor T _y, n times the voltage circuit 3 of the intermediate capacitor C _m (where m <n) , Diode D _m
A power supply output from is also possible. Further, the nE / 2 circuit based on FIG. 6 may be used as the power source.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of the present invention as set forth in claim 3, in which an astable multivibrator 1 is provided between the DC power supply lines AB whose minus side is grounded, and two DC power supply lines AB are connected. The transistors Ta and Tb serving as switching elements are connected in series, and when one transistor Ta is turned on, the other transistor Tb is turned off.
And an n-fold voltage circuit 1 in which diodes D ₁ and D ₂ and capacitors C ₁ and C ₂ are combined is provided between the midpoint X of both transistors Ta and Tb and the positive power supply line A, and the output The capacitor C ₂ on the final output side of the n-fold voltage circuit 3 is provided between the power supply lines AB on the side.

In the above device, the transistor Ta is off,
When the transistor Tb is on, the input voltage E (V) is the diode D ₁ , the capacitor C ₁ , and the transistor Tb.
Through the negative side power supply line B, and at this time, the capacitor C ₁ is charged with E (V). Next, when the transistor Ta is turned on and the transistor Tb is turned off, the input voltage E
(V) flows through the transistor Ta, capacitors C _1, the path of the diode D _2, 2E to the capacitor C ₂
(V) is output.

[0065] Figure 15 is claim 4 shows an embodiment of the invention described, the transistors Ta, diodes D _1, D _^'1 and capacitor C ₁ between the midpoint X and the plus-side power line A of Tb, C ^'n times voltage circuit 3 ₁ combination two at a time with multiple stages provided, the capacitor C of the rear side of the n-times voltage circuit ^3' to _1, and temporarily holds the charge stored on the front side of the capacitor C ₁ To a holding capacitor that discharges to the capacitor C ₂ on the front side of the n-fold voltage circuit 3 of the next stage,
Similarly, a plurality of stages of n-fold voltage circuits 3 are sequentially connected, and an output-side capacitor C _n of the final-stage n-fold voltage circuit 3 is provided between output power lines AB.

In the above device, the transistor Ta is off,
When the transistor Tb is on, the input voltage E (V) is the diode D ₁ , the capacitor C ₁ , and the transistor Tb.
Through the negative side power supply line B, and at this time, the capacitor C ₁ is charged with E (V). Then the transistor Ta is turned on, the transistor Tb is turned off, the capacitor C _1, ^'flows through the path of the _first transistor Ta, holding capacitor C of the ^rear' diode D E (V) to ₁ is output, wherein Once held.

[0067] Then the transistor Ta is turned off, has been held in the holding capacitor C _^'1 of the first stage E (V)
2E (V) is added to the input voltage E (V) and is output through the diode D ₂ , the second-stage front side capacitor C ₂ and the transistor Tb, and is output to the second-stage capacitor C ₂ 2E (V). Is charged. Further, the transistor Ta is turned on, the second stage of the condenser C ₂ to 2E that is charged (V) is, the diode D _^'2, the rear of the holding capacitor ^C' is output to _2, wherein the 2E ( V) is retained. After that, when the transistor Tb is turned on, the 2E (V) charge held in the second-stage holding capacitor C ^′ ₂ and the input voltage E (V) are added, and the third stage via the diode D ₃ is added. The front side capacitor C ₃ is charged with 3E (V). Hereinafter similarly with the on-off of the transistors Ta, Tb, the electric charge stored in front of the holding capacitor C _^'3 ..., are added input voltage E (V) is, C ₄ ... in the next stage of the front condenser The battery is sequentially charged and finally an n-fold voltage is output.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of FIG. 15 in which the first stage capacitor C ₁ is replaced with the capacitors C _1a and C _1b.
And a diode d is provided between them. A diode d ₂ is connected between the intermediate point between the diode d and the capacitor C _1a and the diode D _2, and the intermediate point between the diode d and the capacitor C _1b and the transistor T 2.
A diode d ₁ is provided between the intermediate point X of a and Tb.

In the above device, the transistor Ta is off,
With the transistor Tb turned on, the input voltage E (V) flows to the transistor Tb through the diode D ₁ , the capacitor C _1b , the diode d and the capacitor C _1a , and at this time, 0.5 E is applied to the divided capacitors C _1a and C _1b. (V) are charged respectively. Next, when the transistor Ta is turned on, the input voltage E (V) flows through the path of the transistor Ta, the capacitor C _1a and the diode d ₂ and 0.5 E (V) is output to the holding capacitor C ^′ ₁ on the rear side. And is once held here. Similarly diode d _1, the capacitor C _1b, the diode D ^'condenser maintained through ₁ ^C' ₁
Is output to

[0070] Further, when the transistor Ta is turned off, 0.5 E that has been held in the holding capacitor C _^'1 of the first stage
Input voltage E (V) is added to (V) to obtain 1.5 E (V)
However, 1.5 E (V) is charged in the second-stage front side capacitor C ₂ through the diode D ₂ . Thereafter, when the transistor Ta is turned on, the second stage of the condenser C ₂ 1.5 was charged to E (V) is, the diode D _^'2, the rear of the holding capacitor ^C' is output to _2, where 1.5 E
(V) is retained. Thereafter, the embodiment and the accompanying Similarly transistor Ta, on and off of the Tb, the electric charge stored in front of the holding capacitor C _^'2 ..., are summed input voltage E (V) is the next stage front capacitor C ₃ ...
The battery is sequentially charged and finally (n-0.5) times the voltage is output.

[0071]

As described above, according to the voltage converter of the present invention, a DC voltage is converted by combining a capacitor and a switching element without using a transformer, and moreover, a part of the switching element is not passed. Since it is output to the final stage capacitor, there is no loss of the switching element itself, the conversion efficiency can be greatly improved, the device can be downsized, and the negative side of the output side can be grounded, especially for electrical components of automobiles. It is suitable as a power supply facility for.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a boosted voltage converter with double DC current according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a boosted voltage conversion device in which the first-stage diode of FIG. 1 is directly connected to a positive power supply line.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a boosted voltage conversion device for multiplying a direct current by n times according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the boosted voltage converter shown in FIG.

5 is a circuit diagram showing a boosted voltage conversion device in which the first-stage diode of FIG. 3 is directly connected to the positive power supply line.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing an n-fold boosted voltage conversion device in which two transistors are replaced with two capacitors according to another embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a circuit diagram showing an n-fold boosted voltage conversion device in which the positions of the transistor and the capacitor in FIG. 6 are changed.

FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of the circuits shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a boost voltage conversion device in which two sets of n-fold voltage circuits are combined.

10 is a waveform diagram of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a boost voltage conversion device in which the first-stage diode of FIG. 9 is directly connected to the positive power supply line.

FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a boost voltage converter using a PNP type transistor.

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a constant voltage circuit combined with a booster circuit.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a boosted voltage conversion device in which two transistors are combined according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a boosted voltage converter in which each n-fold voltage circuit is configured by combining two diodes and two capacitors.

16 is a circuit diagram showing a boost voltage conversion device configured by dividing the front-side capacitor of the first stage of FIG. 15 into two capacitors.

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing a conventional voltage doubler rectifier circuit.

[Description of sign]

1 Unstable multivibrator 2 Double voltage rectifier circuit 3 n Double voltage circuit 4 DC power supply line Ta transistor Tb transistor Tc transistor Td transistor C ₁ capacitor C _n capacitor D ₁ diode D _n diode X intermediate point Y intermediate point

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A non-stable multivibrator for converting a direct current into an arbitrary frequency to alternately emit two signals is provided between the DC power supply lines, and between the DC power supply lines,
Two switching elements or capacitors are connected in series and this intermediate point is X, and two switching elements or capacitors are connected in series in parallel with this intermediate point is Y and one of the X side switchings The non-stable multivibrator is connected so that the other switching element on the Y side is turned on when the element is turned on, and one stage of an n-fold voltage circuit in which a plurality of diodes and capacitors are combined between X and Y is provided. In addition to the above, a voltage conversion device characterized in that a final stage capacitor of an n-fold voltage circuit is provided between power lines on the output side. 2. A non-stable multivibrator for converting a direct current to an arbitrary frequency to alternately emit two signals is provided between the DC power supply lines, and between the DC power supply lines,
Two switching elements or capacitors are connected in series and this intermediate point is X, and two switching elements or capacitors are connected in series in parallel with this intermediate point is Y and one of the X side switchings The non-stable multivibrator is connected so that the other switching element on the Y side is turned on when the element is turned on, and one stage of an n-fold voltage circuit in which a plurality of diodes and capacitors are combined between X and Y is provided. In addition to the above, the positive power supply line on the input side is connected to the diode at the first stage of the n-fold voltage circuit, and the capacitor at the final stage of the n-fold voltage circuit is provided between the power lines on the output side. Voltage converter. 3. An astable multivibrator for converting a direct current to an arbitrary frequency to alternately emit two signals is provided between the DC power supply lines, and between the DC power supply lines,
The two switching elements are connected in series, and the unstable multivibrator is connected so that the other switching element is turned off when one switching element is turned on. A voltage converter characterized in that at least one stage of an n-fold voltage circuit combining a plurality of diodes and capacitors is provided between the power supply line and the power line on the output side, and a capacitor at the final stage of the n-fold voltage circuit is provided between the power line on the output side. apparatus. 4. An astable multivibrator for converting a direct current to an arbitrary frequency to alternately emit two signals is provided between the direct current power lines, and the direct current power lines are provided between the direct current power lines.
Two switching elements are connected in series, and the unstable multivibrator is connected so that when one switching element is turned on, the other switching element is turned off. A plurality of stages of n-fold voltage circuits in which two diodes and capacitors are combined are provided between and, and the capacitors on the rear side of each n-fold voltage circuit temporarily hold the electric charge charged in the front-side capacitors, A voltage conversion device characterized in that a capacitor for holding is discharged to a capacitor on the front side of the n-fold voltage circuit of the next stage, and a capacitor for the n-fold voltage circuit of the final stage is provided between the power lines on the output side.