JPH0779914A - Perimeter and device for controlling sight line - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a perimeter of compact and simple structure, a device being capable of measuring the visual field as well as the peripheral visual field while observing the fore part of eyes using a display panel of electronic image. CONSTITUTION:A perimeter comprises, along the line-of-sight of test eye, the combined prism 2 having the metallic thin layer 1 for polarized beam splitter at boundary, the 1/4 wave-length constant 3 contacting to the prism 2, a concave dichroic mirror 4, a lens 5, and a telecamera 6. Output signal of a telecamera 6 is transfered to a television monitor 7. Along the reflexed rays at a splitter 1, the variable power lenses 10 comprising lens 8 and 9, a focus lens 11, a liquid crystal panel 12, are arranged. A panel 12 is connected to a signal processing unit 13 which links to a television monitor 7, a response device 14 for subject, and a mouse 15. On a panel 12, the fixation mark D and test mark M are imaged, and a subject tested pushes a button switch of a response switch 14 when the luminance point M being recognized in sight.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a perimeter and a visual axis control device.

[0002]

[Prior art]

(1) In the Goldman perimeter, which has been conventionally used for visual field measurement, an optotype is presented on a large projection dome, the visual confirmation position of the subject is confirmed while monitoring the line of sight, and the visual field of the result is displayed. The visual field is measured by plotting in the figure.

In this case, a monitoring telescope or the like is used for monitoring the line of sight, and a response buzzer or the like is used for the visual response. In order to reduce the size of the device, a CRT or the like may be used as a screen instead of the projection dome.

(2) Further, like the display screen of a computer or the like, in a line-of-sight operation device using an electronic display panel such as a character screen, the operation of the display screen such as the presentation of the visual target and the response of the visual recognition position is performed by a keyboard or a mouse. Etc.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

(A) However, in the case of the above-mentioned conventional example (1), since the large dome is used, the entire device becomes large, the moving mechanism of the target is complicated, and mechanical noise is likely to occur. Further, when the CRT is used as a screen, the visual field range is narrow and it is difficult to measure the peripheral visual field.

(B) In the case of the conventional example (2), since the keyboard and the mouse are used to operate the display screen, the operation is troublesome, and it takes a long time to master and is inefficient.

A first object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem (a) and to provide a perimeter having a simple and compact structure and a wide measuring field.

A second object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem (b) and to provide a line-of-sight operation device capable of operating an electronic display panel such as a character screen with the eyes.

[0009]

A perimeter according to a first aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is an electronic image display of an objective optical system provided in front of an eye to be examined and a rear focal point of the objective optical system. And a observing means for observing the anterior segment of the eye to be inspected through a light splitting member provided between the objective optical system and the varifocal optical system. It is characterized in that the visual field is measured by displaying the pattern on the display means.

Further, the perimeter according to the second aspect of the invention has a measuring light presenting means for presenting measuring light at a plurality of visual field positions, and an eye to be examined image pickup means, and is obtained from the measuring light presenting position and the image pickup means. The feature is that the visual field information is obtained from the relationship with the line-of-sight direction.

The line-of-sight operation device according to the third aspect of the invention is an electronic character image display means for displaying an operation area, and an observation optical system between the display means and the subject and at which the display means is a focal position. The present invention is characterized by including a system, a line-of-sight detection unit, and a control unit that controls the display of the display unit based on the line-of-sight information detected by the detection unit.

A line-of-sight operation device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes an electronic character image display means for displaying an operation area, a line-of-sight detection means,
And a control means for displaying the line-of-sight position detected by the detection means on the display means and controlling the display of the display means by directing the line of sight to the operation area.

A sight line operating device according to a fifth aspect of the present invention includes an electronic character image display means for displaying a plurality of manipulation areas, a sight line detecting means, and a detecting means for detecting that a sight line is directed to the plurality of manipulation areas. It has a control means which controls the display of the display means.

[0014]

The perimeter of the first aspect of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure monitors the anterior segment of the eye to be examined by the observation means via the light splitting member provided between the objective optical system and the variable power optical system, A field-of-view is displayed on the image display means, the visual recognition position of the subject is detected, and the field-of-view is measured.

Further, the perimeter of the second invention obtains the positions of the measuring light presented at a plurality of visual field positions by the measuring light presenting means,
The line-of-sight direction is obtained from the image of the eye to be inspected received by the imaging means, and the visual field information is obtained from a plurality of measurement light positions and the line-of-sight direction.

In the line-of-sight operation device of the third invention, the subject observes the character image panel displaying the operation area arranged at the focus position of the observation optical system, and based on the line-of-sight information detected by the line-of-sight detecting means. Control the display of the character image panel and operate the line-of-sight direction.

Further, the line-of-sight operation device of the fourth invention displays the line-of-sight position detected by the line-of-sight detecting means on the character image panel, and controls the display of the panel by directing the line of sight to the operation area of the panel to operate the line-of-sight direction. To do.

Further, the line-of-sight operation device of the fifth invention detects that the line of sight is directed to each of the plurality of operation areas displayed on the character image panel, and controls the display of the panel to operate the line-of-sight direction.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail based on the illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the first embodiment. In front of the visual axis of the eye E to be inspected, a prism 2 having a film surface 1 of a polarization beam splitter at a joint, a quarter-wave plate 3 in close contact with the prism 2, a dichroic mirror 4 having a concave surface, a lens 5, a television camera 6 are arranged, and the output of the television camera 6 is connected to the television monitor 7. Further, a variable power lens 10 including lenses 8 and 9, a focus lens 11, and a liquid crystal image panel 12 are arranged in the reflection direction of the film surface 1, and the panel 12 is connected to a signal processing means 13, and the signal processing means 13 is connected to the signal processing means 13. The television monitor 7, the response means 14 by the subject, and the mouse 15 are connected.

On the panel 12, as shown in FIG. 2, a fixation mark D and a stimulation mark M of measuring light are displayed. When the subject visually recognizes the stimulus mark M, he or she responds by pressing the push button of the response means 14. The fixation mark D is normally displayed in the center of the screen, but when examining a specific direction around the fundus, the fixation mark D should be moved in the opposite direction to display the stimulation mark M around the specific direction. You can

In this case, the position of the stimulus mark M can be automatically and sequentially displayed based on the program set by the signal processing means 13, and the examiner can move the mouse 15 to a specific portion of the visual field with the mouse 15. It can also be displayed. The fixation mark D, the stimulation mark M, etc. are all generated by a symbol generation circuit and a control program provided in the signal processing means 13.

The light flux from the panel 12 is reflected by the film surface 1 in the prism 2 via the focus lens 11 and the variable power lens 10, passes through the quarter wavelength plate 3, and is dichroic mirror 4.
The light is reflected by the optical path and is returned to the opposite direction, again passes through the quarter-wave plate 3 and the film surface 1 of the prism 2, and is projected onto the eye E to be inspected.

Since the light flux from the panel 12 is a polarized light flux, the light flux reflected by the film surface 1 reciprocates through the quarter-wave plate 3 to change the polarization direction by 90 degrees and reach the film surface 1. The light passes through the film surface 1 and reaches the eye E to be inspected. Also,
The focus lens 11 moves back and forth on the optical axis to adjust the focus according to the diopter of the eye E to be inspected.

The field of view can be changed by replacing the lenses 8 and 9 of the variable power lens 10. When a lens having a wide field of view is used, the panel 12 is magnified and visually recognized, so that the peripheral portion is not displayed, but the resolving power of the human eye is reduced in the peripheral portion of the visual field.
There is no point in reducing the value, and there is no problem in measurement.

A light beam from an infrared light source (not shown) illuminates the anterior segment of the eye E to be inspected, and reflected light from the anterior segment of the eye is imaged on the television camera 6 by the lens 5, and the anterior segment on the television monitor 7. Image E'is displayed. The alignment is performed by matching the pupil image Ep 'on the television monitor 7 with the alignment mark A, and the television monitor 7 also shows the corneal reflection image Ec' by the infrared light source.

When the response means 14 is not used, the direction of the line of sight is detected by obtaining the relative relationship between the pupil Ep 'and the corneal reflection image Ec' from the anterior eye image E'of the television monitor 7 by image processing.
In other words, the luminous flux of the stimulation mark M is kept at a predetermined brightness, and the stimulation mark M is moved from the periphery of the screen toward the fixation mark D at the center. The subject aligns his line of sight with the fixation mark D, and when he visually recognizes the stimulation mark M, shifts his line of sight to the stimulation mark M.
The examiner monitors these operations on the television monitor 7.

By thus positioning the fixation mark D at the center and moving the stimulus mark M from each direction while keeping the brightness constant, an isopter at that brightness can be formed. On the contrary, if the brightness is changed and the measurement is performed, the dynamic visual field can be measured. In this method, since the moving direction of the line of sight can be monitored by the television monitor 7, it is possible to confirm from the relationship between the position of the stimulus mark M and the moving direction of the line of sight that the subject is surely visually confirming. .

It is also possible to display the stimulus marks M one after another without using the fixation mark D and instruct the subject to follow them with his / her eyes. Newly displayed predetermined stimulus mark M
The position is fixed so that it is dark at first and gradually increases in brightness, and the subject turns his sight line to the stimulus mark M when the subject can observe. Also in this case, the direction of the line of sight is calculated from the anterior segment image E ′, and the examiner monitors whether or not the direction of the stimulation mark M and the line of sight are exactly matched. Unlike the case of the response means 14 in which the subject responds, the examiner side can surely confirm the line-of-sight direction in such a response by the line of sight.

Further, although the case of monitoring the anterior segment has been described above, it is also possible to measure the line-of-sight direction while monitoring the fundus. Further, it is possible to use the conventional dome and projector to display the stimulation mark M of the measurement light and perform the same measurement.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the image on the television monitor 7 can be switched from the screen of the anterior segment image E'to the view L. Further, in addition to the positions of the fixation mark D and the stimulus mark M, it is possible to simultaneously display an angled scale, a plurality of measurement point positions, an isopter, a concentration display, and the like.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment. In front of the visual axis of the eye E to be examined, there is an objective lens 21, a dichroic mirror 22 for transmitting visible light and reflecting near infrared light, a focus lens 23, and a variable magnification. A lens 24 and a display panel 25 are arranged. A television camera 27 is arranged in the reflection direction of the dichroic mirror 22 via a lens 26.

A light beam from an infrared light source (not shown) is imaged on the television camera 27 by the lenses 21 and 26, and the eye E to be inspected.
The anterior ocular segment image E'of is displayed on the television monitor as in the first embodiment.

On the other hand, the light flux from the display panel 25 passes through the variable power lens 24, the focus lens 23, the dichroic mirror 22, and the objective lens 21 and is projected onto the fundus of the eye E to be examined. The focus lens 23 can be moved in the direction of the arrow on the optical axis to adjust the focus according to the diopter of the eye E, and the variable power lens 24 can also be moved in the direction of the arrow to change the measurement visual field. The fundus image of the eye E to be examined, which is reflected at the focus of the objective lens 21, is reflected by the dichroic mirror 22 and is imaged on the television camera 27 via the lens 26. In this way, the visual field measurement is performed as in the first embodiment described above.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment, in which an objective lens 31, a liquid crystal and a CRT are arranged in front of the visual axis of the eye E of the subject O.
A display panel 32 for displaying character images such as is arranged, and the panel 32 is connected to a control means 33 including a pattern generating circuit, a panel driver, and a computer. A dichroic mirror 34 that reflects near-infrared light is disposed on one side of the visual axis between the objective lens 31 and the panel 32. The dichroic mirror 34 reflects in the reflection direction.
5, the lens 36, and the image sensor 37 are arranged, and the image sensor 3
The output of 7 is connected to the control means 33. Further, in the reflection direction of the half mirror 35, an LED emitting near infrared light
A light source 38, etc., is arranged conjugate with the focal position of the objective lens 31.

The subject O observes the panel 32 displaying a character image such as liquid crystal or CRT through the objective lens 31. The near infrared light emitted from the light source 38 is reflected by the half mirror 3.
5. The objective lens 3 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 34.
The light passes through one side of No. 1 and is incident on one eye E of the subject O.

The reflected light from the eye E is returned in the reverse optical path,
The light passes through the objective lens 31, the dichroic mirror 34, and the half mirror 35, and forms an anterior ocular segment image E ′ on the image sensor 37 through the lens 36 as shown in FIG. The signal from the image pickup device 37 is processed by the control means 33, the line-of-sight position of the subject O on the panel 32 is detected, and the display on the panel 32 is controlled based on this.

The panel 32 is located at the focal point of the objective lens 31, and the light flux from each point of the panel 32 has a certain angle after it leaves the objective lens 31. On the contrary, the examinee O is on the panel 3
When the second specific point is visually recognized, the line of sight is always directed to this specific point regardless of the position of the eye, and this relationship does not change even if the head of the subject O moves in front of the objective lens 31. Therefore, by detecting this direction, it is possible to determine which part of the panel 32 is being viewed.

Since the light flux emitted from the light source 38 is incident on the eye E as parallel light, the position of the corneal reflection image Ec 'of the light source 38 with respect to the pupil image Ep' shown in FIG. 6 depends only on the direction of the line of sight, It is not affected by the position of the optometry E. Further, since the lens 36 is at the focal position of the objective lens 31, the eye E to be examined E
Even if the position of is moved forward and backward, the focus is blurred, but this does not affect the positional relationship between the corneal reflection image Ec ′ and the pupil image Ep ′.

The anterior ocular segment image E'is received by the image pickup device 37 and processed by the control means 33, and the direction of the line of sight is calculated from the relationship between the corneal reflection image Ec 'and the pupil image Ep', and as shown in FIG. The results are displayed on the panel 32. The upper part of the panel 32 is a display unit F for displaying the line-of-sight position, and the lower part is a keyboard area K for displaying a keyboard. When the line of sight enters the keyboard area K, a mark N with a + sign is displayed at the position of the line of sight, and the mark N moves with the line of sight.

When the mark N is moved to the designated key position and fixed at the same position for a predetermined time of 0.5 seconds, the control means 3
3 is input, the result is displayed on the display unit F, and at the same time, a mark indicating the input to the designated key position is displayed. For example,
The position changes to black as shown in FIG. 7B. When the mark N is moved and the line of sight is released, the black display is restored.

Unlike the case of inputting by touching the keyboard with a hand, the line-of-sight input cannot detect the input time point, so that a method of displaying something on the screen as described above is required. On the other hand, the movement of the mark N indicating the line-of-sight position can be performed more quickly and easily with the line-of-sight operation than with the mouse operation.

The keyboard can be manually operated, the mark N can be input by the mouse function by the line-of-sight operation, and all of these can be used in combination. For example, a switch or key on the panel 32 is selected with the line-of-sight mark N, and input is performed with a manual switch.

Since the objective lens 31 has a magnifying function,
The panel 32 may be small in size, and the entire device can be downsized. Further, if the one-eye operation is performed, the objective lens 31
Can be made smaller, and a more compact device can be assembled.

Although the above description has been centered on the screen operation relating to the ophthalmologic apparatus, it can be applied to the screen operation of general personal computers, word processors, game machines, etc., and is effective in simplifying the operation and reducing the weight of the apparatus.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of the visual axis detecting means of the fourth embodiment. Two sets of members 43 that integrate the light source 41 and the photoelectric sensor 42 are arranged near the front of the visual axis of the eye E to be examined. The light source 41 is provided in the illumination optical system, and the photoelectric sensor 42 is provided in the light receiving optical system.

The two light sources 41 illuminate the iris portion Ei of the eye E to be examined and the middle portion Em of the sclera portion Es, and the reflected light from the two portions is received by the two photoelectric sensors 42, respectively. Then, the direction of the line of sight in the left-right direction is detected from the light amount ratio of these two photoelectric sensors 42.

FIG. 9 is a front view of the panel 44 which displays based on the output of the photoelectric sensor 42. One page of the book is displayed on the display section F, and three switches 45, 4 are provided at the bottom.
6, 47 are provided.

When the line of sight is directed, that is, when the line of sight is directed to the switch 45, the user moves to the previous page and switches 46.
In the case of, the page moves to the next page, in the case of the switch 47, the page stays on that page, and the line-of-sight direction is determined by the signal from the photoelectric sensor 42. In this case, the line-of-sight mark corresponding to the mark N in FIG. 7 of the third embodiment can be displayed only when the line of sight is directed downward.

[0049]

As described above, the perimeter according to the first aspect of the invention has a compact and simple structure because the visual field is measured using the electronic image panel while observing the anterior segment of the eye to be examined. Therefore, the peripheral visual field can be measured.

Further, the perimeter according to the second aspect of the invention measures the visual field based on the information on the plurality of measuring light positions and the information on the line-of-sight direction obtained from the eye image by the image pickup means.
Accurate visual field measurement can be performed by securely fixing the line of sight of the subject.

The line-of-sight operation device according to the third aspect of the present invention displays the detected line-of-sight position on the character image panel, and the examinee himself controls the line-of-sight display while observing the panel to enable accurate and quick line-of-sight operation. Becomes

The line-of-sight operating device in the fourth aspect of the invention controls the line-of-sight display by displaying the detected line-of-sight position on the character image panel and directing the line of sight to the operation area of the panel.
It does not require manual operations such as a keyboard or mouse, and it is efficient because it allows simple screen operations.

The line-of-sight operation device according to the fifth aspect of the invention allows the line-of-sight to be directed to a plurality of operation areas of the character image panel,
Since a plurality of line-of-sight displays can be controlled at one time, efficient and simple screen operation can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a panel.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a television monitor.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a third embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a television monitor.

FIG. 7 is a front view of the panel.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a front view of the panel.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Prism 3 1/4 wave plate 6, 27 TV camera 7 TV monitor 10, 23 Focus lens 12, 25, 32 Liquid crystal image panel 13 Signal processing means 21, 31 Objective lens 22, 34 Dichroic mirror 33 Control means 37 Image sensor 38 , 41 Light source 42 Photoelectric sensor

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An objective optical system provided in front of an eye to be inspected, a variable magnification optical system for forming a rear focus of the objective optical system on an electronic image display means, the objective optical system and the variable magnification optical system. And a viewing means for observing the anterior ocular segment of the subject's eye through a light splitting member provided between, and a visual field measuring device for displaying a visual field measurement pattern on the display means to perform visual field measurement. . 2. The measuring light presenting means for presenting the measuring light at a plurality of visual field positions and the eye to be examined image pickup means, and the visual field information is obtained from the relationship between the measuring light presenting position and the line-of-sight direction obtained from the image pickup means. A perimeter that is characterized by obtaining. 3. An electronic character image display means for displaying an operation area, an observation optical system between the display means and a subject and at which the display means is a focus position, a line-of-sight detection means, and the detection. And a control means for controlling the display of the display means based on the sight line information detected by the means. 4. An electronic character image display unit for displaying an operation area, a line-of-sight detection unit, and a line-of-sight position detected by the detection unit is displayed on the display unit, and the line-of-sight is directed to the operation region. And a control means for controlling display of the means. 5. An electronic character image display means for displaying a plurality of operation areas, a line-of-sight detection means, a detection means for detecting that a line of sight is directed to the plurality of operation areas, and a display of the display means. A line-of-sight operation device having a control means.