JPH0779651A - Method for carrying out nutriculture by utilization of air bag and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the subject culture method, capable of carrying out nutriculture of taproot plants and root vegetables, rearing for softening and whitening stem part-edible plants and prevention of root rot. CONSTITUTION:This method is to arrange a root-proof and water-permeable sheet 6 and a germ guard 5 in space between air bags 4 arranged in parallel and carry out nutriculture of plants while holding these plants by air pressure in these air bags 4 in order to grow these plants by utilizing the space. In this method, holding positions and holding pressure of the plants can be changed while matching with growth circumference by controlling air feed amount fed into plural ducts housed in the air bags 4 and adjustment of row width is carried out by selection of diameters of small-sized ducts 10 housed in the air bags 4, while adjustment of root depth is carried out by changing numbers of the small-sized dusts.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a nutrient solution by using an air bag for hydroponic cultivation of straight root plants such as spinach, root vegetables such as radish, and softening of edible plants for stems such as ginger. The present invention relates to a cultivation method and device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when raising seedlings for growing soft vegetables such as strawberries, spinach, komatsuna, etc., seeds are sown directly on a nursery bed in a field, and soil is placed in an open nursery box. There are things to put and grow, and things to put and grow in a small seedling pot. In addition, one that puts gravel in the nursery box for gravel cultivation, one that uses a sponge body instead of gravel, one that grows by holding seeds in the cut placed in the sponge body, a plant with a flowing culture solution NFT to cultivate
Hydroponic systems and various other types are known, but all of these are grown from seeds in a batch of sturdy seedlings, and these seedlings are transplanted into this field in one or several pieces, For example, it grows eggplants, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, chrysanthemums, radishes, burdock and other leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables and the like.

On the other hand, there is also one in which seeds such as vegetables are germinated and young plants (sometimes referred to as sprout vegetables) which are still in the growth process are edible. These seedlings are still small in size, so seeds are densely sown on the floor made in the fields and picked early, or soil is grown in a large box. There is also a method of hydroponics, but in each case, a large amount of seeds are sown and grown at one time, so that the roots of dense seedlings are only cluttered and the seedlings are distributed in the distribution process. In order to be sold to consumers through, the entangled roots must be cut, transported and made into a suitable size that is easy to consume.

The hydroponic cultivation equipment disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-17948 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-20146 all utilize water-retaining members such as water-absorbing rock wool and glass wool. And further JP-A-6
The hydroponics method disclosed by JP-A-3-263024 sets a plurality of seedling-growing pots that can be cultivated as a unit amount suitable for consumption and distribution, and sows an appropriate number of seeds in each seedling-growing pot. Placed on the mat holding the culture solution supplied from the drip tube via the root-proof sheet, and growing while supplying the culture solution to the plant by the capillary action of the culture solution holding mat and the nursery pot, The root extension of this plant is regulated by the root preventive sheet to prevent entry into the culture solution holding mat, and a part of the root is exposed to the air to absorb oxygen in the air. It is characterized in that it becomes one unit when the seedling raising pot is put in the distribution process as it is.

Therefore, in the cultivation method disclosed in the above publication, the culture solution supplied from the drip tube is placed on the mat holding the culture solution through the root-preventing sheet, and the culture solution holding mat and the seedling raising pot are placed. Since it grows while uniformly supplying the culture solution to the plant by the capillary action, it is possible to prevent the growth direction of the root of the cultivated plant from entering the culture solution holding mat by regulating the root-preventing sheet, and part of the root Since it can be grown in a state where it can be exposed to air and absorb oxygen in the air, root rot due to overhumidity and not only can prevent the drying of the medium, but also suitable for plants that absorb oxygen from the air such as strawberries. It can be said to be a cultivation method.

[0006]

However, when raising seedlings for growing plants such as conventional strawberries, spinach, soft vegetables such as komatsuna, these are still young plants, and they are soft and weak. Easily scratched,
As a result, there is a drawback that the shelf life also deteriorates and the commercial value decreases, especially the separation, weighing, packaging,
There was a problem that it took a lot of trouble to ship the products.

Further, in the NFT hydroponic system, the planted seedlings placed in the flow ditch are held at a constant interval by a wire,
Although the culture solution flows down in a thin film, it also causes root rot because the roots of plants are always immersed in the culture solution.
Further, since it is difficult to absorb oxygen in the air, there is a drawback that it adversely affects the growth of plants that take oxygen from the air such as strawberries.

[0008] In addition, it is difficult to keep the thin film-shaped culture solution at an appropriate temperature because it is left to cool, and when the circulation system of the culture solution is clogged or a failure occurs, the culture solution is immediately dried and exhausted, and even to the downstream side. There were many problems such as the culture solution not spinning.
Further, even in the rock wool cultivation, there were problems such as fruit cracking due to poor drainage, corrosion of the remaining roots, and pH adjustment at the initial stage of cultivation.

Furthermore, the hydroponic cultivation equipment disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-17948 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-20146 and the hydroponic culture disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-263024. In the method and apparatus, the temperature of the culture solution in the culture solution holding mat is adjusted to keep the rhizosphere temperature at 10 to 15 ° C all year round, and spinach can be cultivated in the summer and vice versa. But,
Since the culture solution holding mat and the nursery pot are used, there is a problem that it cannot be used for hydroponic cultivation of straight root plants and root vegetables, and it cannot be applied to edible plants for stems at all.

The present invention has been completed as a result of many years of research conducted by the present inventors in view of the above circumstances, and pays attention to the surrounding environment of roots that are constantly immersed in the culture solution while supplying the culture solution. Air that can artificially create the same surrounding environment as soil cultivation and can cultivate straight root plants, root crops for nutrient solution cultivation, and to soften stem edible plants, and prevent root rot during growth It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydroponic cultivation method and device using a bag.

[0011]

According to the present invention, a root-controlling water-permeable sheet and a germ guard are arranged in a space between air bags arranged in parallel to achieve the above object, and the root plant is utilized by utilizing the space. It is a hydroponic cultivation method using an air bag, which is characterized by carrying out hydroponic cultivation while holding plants by air pressure in the air bag to grow root vegetables, root vegetables, or edible plants on stems. It is characterized by changing the holding position and holding pressure of the plant according to the growth environment by adjusting the amount of air supplied to the multiple ducts that were created, and the adjustment of the ridge width was stored in the air bag. It is characterized by selecting the diameter of the small-diameter ducts, while the root depth is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of small-diameter ducts to be stacked. A plurality of air bags are arranged in parallel inside, the surface of each air bag is covered with a germ guard and a root-proof water-permeable sheet, and a watering pipe is arranged above the air bag. It is a hydroponics device, and multiple horizontal small-diameter ducts are stacked in series within the large-diameter duct so as not to shift in series to form an air bag with a multiple structure, and the pressure inside the large-diameter duct of the air bag is the pressure inside the small-diameter duct. It is characterized in that it is set slightly lower than that to equalize the planar pressure of the large diameter duct.

[0012]

Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. Each inner surface of the frame placed on the pedestal is covered with a water impermeable silver polytoe, and a plurality of air bags are arranged in parallel, A root-proof water-permeable sheet and a germ guard are arranged on the upper surfaces of the air bags arranged in parallel, and a pair of root-proof water-permeable sheets and a pair of germ guards form a root plant such as spinach and a radish in the upper valley. Seeds such as root vegetables are sown, and the roots of sprouted plants and rhizomes are grown while being held by an air bag.For stem edible plants such as ginger, a gap formed by a pair of air bags is used. The stems grown underneath are grown and held while being held by a pair of air bags, and the holding pressure and holding position are adjusted according to the growing environment of the plants, and the air pressure inside the air bags is adjusted. To grow while supply the nutrient solution by while irrigation pipe was clamped using.

The ridge width is adjusted by changing the diameter of the small-diameter duct contained in the air bag,
On the other hand, the root depth can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of small-diameter ducts to be stacked.The air bag has a multiple structure in which a plurality of horizontal small-diameter ducts are stacked in a large-diameter duct so as not to be displaced in series. The pressure in the large-diameter duct of the air bag is set to be slightly lower than the pressure in the small-diameter duct to equalize the planar pressure of the large-diameter duct, making it easy to use straight root plants, root vegetables, or edible plant stems. Not only can it be held at, but the holding pressure of the held plants can be changed by changing the internal pressure of each duct by adjusting the amount of air supplied to the multiple ducts stored in the air bag for each duct. It can be changed according to the growing environment.

The duct is silver or black for softening the edible plants of the stems such as ginger, scaly onion, udo, and asparagus, and the duct that does not transmit light rays is used. Cultivate while supplementing the nutrient solution with an irrigation pipe. Further, for cultivating bulbs such as Amaryllis, the bulb portion is held by an air bag and cultivated while supplying a nutrient solution from above with a irrigation pipe.

Further, by adjusting the temperature of the air supplied to the large-diameter duct or the small-diameter duct, spinach can be cultivated in summer and radish can be cultivated in winter, and cold / hot water is supplied instead of air. Is also possible.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a method and apparatus for hydroponics using an air bag according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an airbag, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the entire system. In the figure, a frame 2 is placed inside a gantry 1, and the entire inner surface of the frame 2 is covered with a water impermeable silver polytoe 3, in which three air bags 4 are arranged in parallel with each other. There is. Further, a germ guard 5 and a root-proof water-permeable sheet 6 are provided on the upper surfaces of the pair of air bags 4 arranged in parallel, which are opposed to each other, in an overlapping manner. In the valley 7a formed between the root water permeable sheets 6, a straight root plant such as spinach,
Seeds such as root vegetables such as radish are sown, and straight roots of sprouted plants or rhizomes are grown while being held by an air bag, and stem edible plants such as ginger are formed with a pair of air bags. Planted just below the gap 7 and growing the stem while holding it by the gap 7 of the pair of air bags, adjusting the holding pressure according to the growth environment of the plants, and airing these plants in the air bag. The cultivation is performed while replenishing the nutrient solution with the irrigation pipe 8 while holding it while utilizing the pressure of. Reference numeral 3a is a cover of the frame body 2 made of water impermeable silver polytow.

As shown in FIG. 2, the air bag 4 is formed by stacking a plurality of horizontal small-diameter ducts 10 of a cylindrical bag in a large-diameter duct 9 of a flat bag so as not to be displaced in series. A communicating pipe 1 having a structure, in which compressed air is compressed by an air compressor 11 in each of the small-diameter duct 10 and the large-diameter duct 9 and each pressure adjusting valve (not shown) is provided.
It is sent via 2 via pressure regulation. In the figure, P ₁ , P ₂ ,
P ₃ and P ₄ represent respective internal air pressures in the small-diameter ducts 10 arranged in an overlapping manner, P ₅ represents air pressure in the large-diameter duct 9, and pressures in the large-diameter duct 9 of the air bag 4 are shown. Can be set to be slightly lower than the pressure in each small-diameter duct 10 to make the planar pressure of the large-diameter duct 9 uniform. Moreover, the pressure in each small-diameter duct 10 and the pressure in each large-diameter duct 9 can be set independently and independently by the pressure adjusting valve.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the entire system of this embodiment, in which three air bags 4 are provided in the frame body 2 in the gantry 1.
Are arranged in parallel with each other. A germ guard 5 and a root-proof water-permeable sheet 6 are provided on the upper surfaces of the air bags 4 arranged in parallel so as to oppose each other, and compressed air is generated by an air compressor 11 installed on one side. The small-diameter duct 10 and the large-diameter duct 9 are fed through a communication pipe 12. The communication pipe 12 is provided with a pressure adjusting valve (not shown), so that the compressed air can be sent to each duct in a pressure-adjustable manner. Further, a nutrient solution supply pump 1 for supplying the nutrient solution to the irrigation pipe 8
3 is installed, and the nutrient solution is replenished to each irrigation pipe 8 through the branch pipe 14 as well.

FIG. 4 shows a case where root vegetables such as radish are hydroponically cultivated. In this case, seeds such as root vegetables such as radish are placed in the valleys 7 formed between the root-proof water-permeable sheets 6. The radish, which is sowed, sprouted and grown, is held on top of the air bag, and the radish gradually expands downward while expanding the air bag.

FIG. 5 shows the case of softening the edible plants for stems such as ginger, scaly onion, and udo. In this case, a silver or black airbag is used and the plants are edible. The stem is not exposed to light rays, and in the case of ginger, a water retaining member 15 is laid at the bottom, and roots are planted and grown in the water retaining member immediately below the gap formed by the pair of air bags 4. The stalk is cultivated by expanding upward while expanding the gap 7 between the pair of air bags 4 to expand. It is possible to use an air bag that does not transmit the light rays even when the softening plant is cultivated in soil. FIG. 6 shows a case where there is a bulb such as Amaryllis. In this case, the bulb is held in the gap 7 formed between the pair of air bag 4 covered with the root-proof and water-permeable sheets 6 and germinated. The grown amaryllis grows upward while being held by the airbag.

As shown in FIG. 7, in the case of scaly onion, (a), (b) and (c) of FIG.
Horizontal small-diameter duct 10 in the pair of airbags 4 in this order
Cultivation is carried out by sequentially feeding air from the lowermost one to 4, 6, 8 and so on to the upper one so that the stem portion is always held and stretched upward. Next, the adjustment of the ridge width and the root depth will be described as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and the ridge width W is adjusted by selecting an appropriate diameter SD from the large and small diameters of the small diameter duct 10. The root depth h can be adjusted by storing it in the air bag 4, while the number of small-diameter ducts 10 to be stacked can be increased or decreased.

In the present embodiment, the large-diameter duct 9 and the small-diameter duct 10 of the air bag 4 are described as the flat bag-shaped body and the cylindrical bag-shaped body, respectively, but these shapes are not limited to those shown in the drawings. It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above, and may include other things without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0023]

According to the present invention described above, since the root-proof water-permeable sheet and the germ guard are arranged in the gaps of the air bags arranged in parallel, the roots, root vegetables, or Stem edible plants can be cultivated hydroponically while holding the plants using the pressure of air in the air bag, and the amount of air supplied to multiple ducts contained in the air bag can be adjusted. Therefore, it is possible to easily change the holding pressure of the plant according to the growth environment and to change the holding position sequentially according to the growth process. Furthermore, since a root-proof water-permeable sheet is placed on the surface of the air bag, water can be absorbed without damaging the air bag due to plant roots, and the ridge width can be adjusted by changing the diameter of the small diameter duct stored in the air bag. On the other hand, since the root depth can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of small diameter ducts to be stacked, many nutrient solutions such as spinach and other root vegetables such as radish, which were not possible in the past, could be performed. A hydroponic cultivation method has been obtained in which cultivation is possible, and particularly effective cultivation for softening a stem edible plant such as ginger can be performed and root rot during growth can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram of the present embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an airbag.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the entire system of this embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a state of cultivating root vegetables according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing a state of cultivating a stem portion edible plant of this example.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a state of cultivating a bulb plant according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing changes according to the cultivated state of Fuuka onion in this example.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of adjustment of a ridge width and a root depth according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of adjustment of the ridge width and root depth of the present embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Stand 2 Frame 3 Silver Polytoe 4 Airbag 5 Germguard 6 Root-proof water-permeable sheet 7 Gap 7a Valley 8 Irrigation pipe 9 Large diameter duct 10 Small diameter duct 11 Air compressor 12 Communication pipe 13 Nutrient supply pump 14 Branch pipe 15 Water retention material

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A root-proof water-permeable sheet and a germ guard are arranged in a space between air bags arranged in parallel, and the space is used to grow a root plant, a root vegetable, or a stem-edible plant. A hydroponic cultivation method using an air bag, which comprises cultivating a hydroponic plant while holding a plant by air pressure in the air bag. 2. The holding position and the holding pressure of the plant are changed according to the growth environment by adjusting the supply amount of air into the plurality of ducts housed in the air bag. Hydroponic cultivation method using air bags. 3. The ridge width is adjusted by selecting the diameter of a small diameter duct contained in the air bag, while the root depth is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of small diameter ducts to be stacked. Item 1. A method for hydroponics using an air bag according to item 1 or 2. 4. A plurality of air bags are arranged in parallel in a frame placed on a stand, the surface of each air bag is covered with a germ guard and a root-proof water-permeable sheet, and a watering pipe is provided above the air bag. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus using an air bag, characterized in that 5. An air bag having a multi-layer structure is formed by stacking a plurality of horizontal small-diameter ducts in a large-diameter duct so as not to be displaced in series, and the pressure in the large-diameter duct of the air bag is made smaller than the pressure in the small-diameter duct. 5. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus using an air bag according to claim 4, wherein the pressure is set to be slightly lower so as to equalize the planar pressure of the large diameter duct.