JPH0763232B2 - Starter for one-phase brushless motor - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to start-up of a one-phase brushless motor, and in particular, it detects the rotational position of a rotor without using a position detection element such as a Hall element and sets it at an arbitrary position. The present invention relates to a rotor that can be accurately started in a predetermined rotation direction.

<Art and problems> Conventionally, as this type motor, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the annular facing the stator core magnetic pole 11 was projected _a, 11 _b, the stator coil A stator 11 formed by winding 12 _a and 12 _b respectively, and magnetic poles 11 _a and 11 of the stator 11.
concentric arranged through _b and voids, rotatably is supported by a bracket (not shown) the rotation shaft 13 _a and N in the rotation shaft 13 _a, a rotor 13 fitted with Magunetsuto 13 _b which is permanently Chakukyoku the S pole In the vicinity of the magnetic pole of the stator 11, a position detecting element 14 composed of a Hall element or the like is disposed so as to face the magnetic pole of the rotor 13 to form a motor body, and a PN is connected to the positive terminal P of the DC power supply 15 at the positive terminal P.
The emitters of the P-type transistors Q _u and Q _v are connected, and the collectors of the transistors Q _u and Q _v are connected to the collectors of the transistors Q _x and Q _y to which the emitter is connected to the negative terminal N of the DC power supply 15, respectively. To form an inverter circuit 16 and use the connection points of the collectors of the inverter circuit 16 as output terminals to connect the stator coils 12 _a and 12 _b in series to both ends S ₁ and S ₂
To connect each of the output terminals H ₁ the transistor Q _u through a resistor R ₁₀ to the DC power source 15 connected terminals P _1, N ₁ was connected position detecting element 14, to the base of Q _x, also, the output terminal H ₂ are connected to the bases of the transistors Q _v and Q _y , respectively, and the transistors Q _u , Q _y and Q _v , Q
By turning Q _v on and off alternately, _a current is passed through the stator coils 12 _a and 12 _b , and the magnetized magnetic poles 11 _a and 12 _b of the stator 11 are thereby generated.
Between 11 _b and the magnetic poles of the rotor 13, by the action of suction-repulsion to generate rotational torque, and summer to rotate the rotor 13.

However, for those constructed in this way,
Since the position detecting element for detecting the rotational position of the rotor is incorporated in the motor body, its connection terminal and output terminal must be drawn out together with the stator coil to be connected to the control section equipped with the inverter circuit. Since the number of lead wires is large (six in this example), it takes a lot of time to process the lead wires, and the position detecting element has a low output signal level and a high impedance. If the length of the lead wire becomes long, it will be easily affected by noise and cause malfunctions, and the element itself will be thermally weak.Therefore, heat dissipation means will be required and the element mounting position accuracy must be high. As a result, the mounting means becomes complicated and the cost becomes high.

In order to improve this, in the three-phase brushless motor, it is already known that the rotor position is detected and driven by the induced voltage generated in the stator coil instead of the position detecting element. But 3
In the case of a phase, the commutation timing of the phase to be commutated can be detected by the induced voltage of the other two phases. In contrast, in the case of one phase, it is superimposed on the applied voltage of its own phase. There is a problem that the commutation timing must be detected from the induced voltage generated as a result.

Further, as is well known, when the energization of the stator coil is stopped, the rotor stops at the position where the magnetic resistance is the smallest, that is, the magnetic flux axis of the magnetic pole of the rotor coincides with the magnetic flux axis of the magnetic pole of the stator (so-called rock position). Stop), and then the stator coil cannot be started even if electricity is applied to it. To avoid this, the auxiliary salient poles are provided in the stator, the gap between the rotor and the stator is made non-uniform, or the magnet pieces are provided in the stator so that the rotor stops at a position away from the lock position. However, there is a risk that a large magnetic force is required to stop the rotor by shifting it from the lock position, causing a pulsation in the rotation torque. There is a problem that the rotation direction becomes indefinite at the time of starting, so that the rotation direction restricting means is also required and special means is required for the rotation direction positioning.

<Objects of the Invention> The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to detect a rotational position of a rotor without using a position detection element even in a one-phase brushless motor, and rotate the rotor. It can be driven with reduced torque pulsation,
An object of the present invention is to provide a rotor that can be accurately started in a predetermined rotation direction without providing any special means even if the rotor stops at an arbitrary position.

<Summary of the Invention> In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes means for stopping energization of a stator coil near a zero point of an induced voltage generated in the coil to detect the zero point of the induced voltage, and a rotor. While stopped at the position, the rotor is reversely moved to the lock position by biasing means for slightly shifting the rotor from the lock position and intermittent energization in the opposite direction to the predetermined energizing direction at start-up to set the start position. And means for starting the motor.

<Embodiment of the Invention> In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the relationship between the induced voltage of the stator coil and the magnetic pole position of the rotor will be described. Seen motor lateral specified manner, as shown in FIG. 5, the magnetic flux of the magnetic pole one pole per rotor and phi, when the vector component of the interlinked rotor flux in the stator coil L and phi _L, phi _L is phi _L = φcos θ (1) (however, the angle between θ and L and φ), the rotor rotates at an angular velocity ω in the predetermined rotation direction (the rotation direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 5). Therefore, when the angle formed by L and φ at time t is θ, the amount of change in φ _L at time t, that is, the time derivative dφ _L / dt of φ _L is Therefore, the induced voltage of the stator coil L is Therefore, the above is Becomes a sine wave voltage.

On the other hand, when a current F is applied to the stator coil L, the force F acting on the rotor is analyzed as shown in FIG. 6 assuming that the magnetic field H produced by the current i is a parallel magnetic field. F = φlH (4) (where l is the length of the magnetic pole). This F is the force component that pushes or pulls the rotor in the magnetic pole direction, and the force component that rotates the magnetic pole. And only the latter contributes to the force to rotate the motor.

Force F _t to this rotation _{F t = Fsinθ = φlHsinθ ......... (} 5) ( where, theta: H and the angle of phi) is, which is the rotational torque of the motor. The rotating torque F _t is theta is 0 <theta from a positive maximum at theta = 90 ° in the region of <180 °, in order to continue to efficiently rotate the motor in the same direction is, theta = 90 It is desirable to energize around 0 °, and in the region where θ is close to 0 ° and 180 °, the rotational torque F
_{The t} is almost never obtained.

Next, when the rotor further rotates and θ becomes 180 ° or more, if the current i is made to flow in the same direction as that shown in FIG. 6, the rotational torque becomes as shown in the above equation (5). F _t becomes negative and becomes a force that inhibits rotation, and rotation cannot be continued. Therefore, if the current i is switched to flow in the opposite direction in this region, the rotation torque F _t becomes F _t = −φlHsin θ (6) (however, 180 ° <θ <360 °), resulting in F _t Is positive, the rotor can continue to rotate. And this 180 ° <θ <360 °
In the region of, F _t has a maximum positive value when θ = 270 °, so in order to rotate the rotor efficiently, θ =
As in the above description, it is sufficient to energize around 270 °, and the direction of the current i is opposite to the direction shown in FIG.

The above description is summarized as shown in FIG.
However, for ease of understanding, the applied voltage to the stator coil L is not shown, and only the induced voltage generated in the stator coil L is shown. As is clear from FIG. 7, since the rotor rotation position and the induced voltage are completely corresponding,
By using this induced voltage, it is possible to detect the rotational position of the rotor, and it is found that the switching timing (commutation timing) of the current i matches the zero point of the induced voltage.

From this, the present invention can detect the rotational position of the rotor by detecting only the induced voltage from the rotating motor, and the point at which the current should be commutated, that is, the zero point of the induced voltage. Paying attention to the fact that the generated rotational torque is almost zero and does not contribute to the rotation of the rotor, the current flowing in the stator coil is cut off before reaching the zero point of the induced voltage, and only the induced voltage appears in the stator coil. In this way, the zero point of the induced voltage is detected, the polarity of the current is reversed at the time when the rotating torque is effectively generated, and the rotating torque generated by energizing the rotor for a predetermined period of 1/2 rotation cycle is significantly increased. The rotation of the rotor is continued without damage.

Further, regarding the start-up in a predetermined rotation direction, when the current flowing through the stator coil is cut off, an attractive force acts between the N and S poles of the rotor and the magnetic poles of the stator to stop. This stopped state is one of two states in which the N pole or S pole of the rotor faces one magnetic pole of the stator, and even if the current is re-energized in this state, the magnetic flux axis of the rotor and the magnetic flux axis of the stator when energized are the same. As a result, the rotor does not rotate, and the so-called startup becomes impossible. Therefore, in order to prevent the two magnetic flux axes from being aligned with each other, as described above, the rotor is displaced from the lock position by providing auxiliary salient poles on the stator core or making the air gap between the rotor and the stator non-uniform as described above. Although it is stopped in a state where it can be started and the rotor is rotated by energization, it is uncertain in which direction the rotor will rotate, and it is not guaranteed that energization will rotate in a predetermined direction. It will not be limited.

In view of the above, the present invention intermittently energizes the rotor in an arbitrary stopped state in the opposite direction by intermittently energizing the rotor in a direction opposite to a predetermined energization at the time of starting in order to rotate the rotor in a predetermined direction. Then, the power is set to a predetermined starting position, and the energization at the time of starting is performed under the set conditions.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a stator, which is a magnetic pole formed by punching out and stacking electromagnetic steel plates in a U-shape and fixing the stator yoke 2 by caulking with a not-shown rivet so that the ends are arcuate and face each other. 2 _a and 2 _b are projected and the yoke part 2
A stator coil 3 in which a coil conductor is wound around _a coil frame 3a is attached to _c . Reference numeral 4 denotes a rotor which is permanently magnetized into N and S poles, which is arranged concentrically between the magnetic poles 2 _a and 2 _b of the stator 1, and the rotating shaft 4 _a inserted and attached to the shaft center is attached to the stator 1. It is rotatably supported by a bracket (not shown) via a bearing to form a so-called skeleton type one-phase brushless motor. Reference numeral 5 denotes a slight angle θ (for example, 5 to 10) from the magnetic flux axis (Y-Y line) when the stator 1 is energized to the magnetic flux axis of the rotor 4 in a predetermined rotation direction (arrow CW direction in the drawing).
This is a positioning means for urging to stop the rotor 4 by shifting it by (°). For example, the magnetic pole (for example, the S pole) of a permanent magnet having a weak magnetic field is opposed to the magnetic pole of the rotor 4, and the magnetic flux axis of the magnetic pole is perpendicular to the magnetic flux axis when the stator 1 is energized. The rotor 4 is attached to a mounting bracket (not shown) extending from the stator core 2, and when the energization is stopped, the rotor 4 is stopped by rotating the rotor 4 by θ from the state where the magnetic flux axis of the rotor 4 coincides with the magnetic flux axis of the stator 1. It is getting to let you.

Then, both ends of the stator coil 3 are inserted between the output terminals of the inverter circuit 7 connected to the DC power source 6 via the connection terminals P and N, as shown in FIG. In the inverter circuit 7, as described above, the emitters of the PNP type transistors Q _u and Q _v are connected to the positive side connection terminal P, and the collectors of the transistors Q _u and Q _v are connected to the negative side connection terminal N of the DC power supply 6. The collectors of the transistors Q _x and Q _y to which the emitters are connected are connected to form a bridge, and the output voltage is sent out using the connection point between the collectors as an output terminal. A free wheel diode is provided between the collectors and emitters of the transistors Q _u , Q _v , Q _x , Q _y.
D _u , D _v , D _x , D _y are inserted in opposite directions. Reference numeral 8 is a position detection circuit for detecting the rotational position of the rotor 4. The collector of a transistor Q ₁ having an emitter connected to the negative side connection terminal N of the DC power supply 6 is connected to a constant voltage power supply V _c via a collector resistor R _1. and, in the base of the transistor Q _1, the base resistor R ₂ through the transistors Q _v and connects the connection point of the Q _y, resistor R ₃ between the base and emitter of the transistor Q ₁
With the collector of the transistor Q ₁ as an output terminal, an “L” level output signal is generated when the induced voltage generated in the stator coil 3 is a positive half-wave, and a “L” level output signal is generated when the induced half-wave is a negative half-wave. An H "level output signal is sent as a position detection signal. An energization control circuit 9 sends an energization command to the stator coil 3 via the inverter circuit 7 in response to the position detection signal from the position detection circuit 8. this is,
In order to set the rotor 4 in an arbitrary stopped state (that is, the state where the magnetic poles of the rotor 4 are shown in FIG. 2 or the state where the magnetic pole of the rotor 4 is in the opposite polarity to that shown in the figure) to a predetermined starting position at the time of starting start the excisional device 9 _a, by the position detection signal, and the arithmetic control unit 9 _b for outputting the energization and stop period in the half rotation period of the rotor 4 by computing set, the output of both means 9 _a, 9 _b signal by, and a drive control unit 9 _c for sending energization command to the stator coil 3 via the inverter circuit 7, these will be described. 91 _a is a constant voltage source V _c, via a switch for manually turned timed open type, not shown, a starter circuit consisting of one to bract multivibrator or the like so as to deliver a pulse signal of a connected Wanshiyotsuto as start signal. 91 _b is a timer circuit for excisional time connected to the output terminal of the starting circuit 91 _a. This is because the output signal of "H" level is output terminal O ₁ for a certain period (hereinafter referred to as set time) in response to the rising edge of the input.
When the reset signal is sent after being sent from the input terminal and the reset signal is input to the input terminal R, even if the reset signal is input during the above set time, the timer is set to reset at the rising edge of the input and the output signal of this timer falls at a constant value. It consists of a latch circuit which sends out a one-shot pulse signal of width from the output terminal O ₂ . 91 _c is a signal for set which is connected from the output terminal O ₁ of the timer circuit 91 _b , responds to the rising edge of the input, and outputs a pulse signal at a constant cycle during the set time, such as an astable multivibrator. It is a generation circuit. 91 _d is a predetermined time an input signal (for example, several 10 ms) is delayed a delay circuit for delivering to the input terminal R of the timer circuit 91 _b. 91 _e is held for a period wider than the spike width of the spike voltage generated in the opposite polarity to the applied voltage due to the breakage or interruption of the current flowing in the stator coil 3 to prevent malfunction due to the spike voltage (so-called commutation). Mask spikes) is a commutation spike mask circuit consisting of a latch circuit. This is because the input terminal R has an output terminal O of the timer circuit 91 _b.
2 and the output end of the position detection circuit 8 is connected to the input end D, and when the input at the input end ST is at "L" level,
When the input signal of the input terminal D is sent from the output terminal Q and the input of the input terminal ST is inverted from "L" to "H" level, the input signal of the input terminal D at the rising time is held and output. When the input at the input end R goes to "H" level, it is cleared regardless of the input at the input end ST and an "L" level output signal is sent out. 91 _f is connected to the output terminal of the mask circuit 91 _e, an edge detecting circuit for transmitting a pulse signal that enables detection of the rising edge. It receives a control power supply through a delay circuit that outputs with a slight delay time, differentiates the rising and falling edges of the input, and rectifies both waves to output terminal O ₁
From the output terminal O ₂ via the delay circuit 91 _d and the timer circuit 91 _b.
Is sent to the input terminal R of. 91 _g is the edge detection circuit 91 _f of the output terminals O ₁ and timer circuit 91 _b of the output terminals O ₁
And the edge detection circuit 91 _f during the set time.
Of the AND circuit AND ₁ is connected to the output terminal O ₁ of the edge detection circuit 91 _f , and the other input terminal is connected to the output terminal O ₁ of the AND circuit AND ₁ via the not circuit N _1. Each of them is connected to the output terminal O ₁ of the timer circuit 91 _b , and is output from the output terminal of the AND circuit AND ₁ .

91 _h is the period from the rising edge of the input signal to the rising edge of the next input signal (that is, the half-wave period of the induced voltage) that is connected from the output terminal of the AND circuit AND ₁ of the switching circuit 91 _g , and the time measurement cycle The measurement circuit is equipped with a clock oscillation circuit and a counter circuit, and counts the clock signal at the rising edge of the input signal.
At the next rising edge of the input signal, it counts up and outputs the data, and at the same time, the above data is cleared to start the next count. That is, the measuring circuit 91 _h
Will measure the rotation cycle of the rotor 4 every 1/2 cycle and send the data. 91 _i is connected from the output end of the measuring circuit 91 _h , takes in the counted up data, temporarily stores and outputs the data, and the measuring circuit 91 _h
When the next data is sent from, it is a data storage circuit that clears the stored data and replaces it with new data. 91 _j is the measurement circuit 91 _h and the data storage circuit 91
It is a comparison circuit that is connected from the output end of _i and outputs an output signal that compares the magnitudes of both input signals (that is, the current data and the previous data). 91 _k and 91 _l are connected from the output terminals of the measurement circuit 91 _h and the comparison circuit 91 _i , respectively, and the standby time T ₁ and the energization time T ₂ are calculated and set. Circuit. The arithmetic circuit 91 _k calculates the next standby time T ₁ by multiplying the data output from the measurement circuit 91 _h by a coefficient (for example, 30/180 when the standby time T ₁ is 30 ° with respect to 180 °). However, when a comparison signal having a relationship of (current data) <(previous data) is received from the comparison circuit 91 _j to the calculated value, the calculated value is corrected to be smaller (for example, a coefficient of 99/100 is set). Then, when a comparison signal with the opposite relationship is received, the next standby time T ₁ is set by correcting (for example, multiplying by a factor of 101/100) so that the calculated value becomes large, and the energization time Arithmetic circuit
91 _l is the same as the above, and the data output from the measuring circuit 91 _h is multiplied by a coefficient (for example, 120/180 when the energization time T ₂ is 180 ° to 120 °) to multiply the next energization time T ₂ The calculation value is corrected by the comparison signal from the comparison circuit 91 _j , the next energization time T ₂ is set, and these set values are sent out, respectively. 91 _m and 91 _n are timer circuits for standby time and energization time, which are respectively connected to the output terminals of the arithmetic circuits 91 _k and 91 _l and clock the standby time T ₁ and energization time T ₂ . The standby time timer circuit 91 _m responds to the rising edge of the output signal of the switching circuit 91 _g and counts, for example, a clock signal, and the count value is output from the standby time calculation circuit 91 _k to the standby time T. When it matches with the set value of ₁ , time-up is performed and an "H" level output signal is sent out. Further, the energization time timer circuit 91 _n sends an “H” level output signal from the output end at the rising edge of the output signal of the timer circuit 91 _m , and counts, for example, a clock signal. When the set value of energization time T ₂ output from 91 _l matches, the output signal is timed up and the output signal is inverted from “H” to “L” level. 91 _o
An output terminal of the excisional signal generating circuit 91 _c timer circuit 9
It is connected to the output terminal of 1 _n , and outputs an "H" level output signal from the output terminal at the rising edge of the input.
It is a delay circuit that outputs a level output signal while maintaining a constant pulse width from the fall of the input. This is an OR circuit OR ₁ connected to the output terminals of the signal generating circuit 91 _c and the timer circuit 91 _n , and a _one- shot pulse signal having a constant pulse width at the falling edge of the output of the OR circuit OR _1. One-shot multi-vibrator MB to send
₁ and an OR circuit OR ₂ connected to the output terminal of the OR circuit OR _{1 and} the output terminal of the OR circuit OR ₁ , and from the output terminal of the OR circuit OR ₂ to the input terminal ST of the commutation spike mask circuit 91 _e. It is designed to send an output signal. That is, the delay circuit 91 _o does not malfunction even if the position detection signal changes due to the spike voltage superimposed on the induced voltage.

Next, the drive control means _9c will be described.

This is such that the output terminal of the flip-flop circuit FF ₁ is connected to the output terminal of the switching circuit 91 _g , and _one of the input terminals is connected to the output terminal Q of the flip-flop circuit FF _1.
The other of the input terminals of AND circuits AND ₂ and AND ₃ connected to the output terminal of 1 _n are respectively connected, and the output terminal of this AND circuit AND ₂ is directly connected to the base of the transistor Q _x and the other is connected to the not circuit N. ₂ and the output terminal of the AND circuit AND ₃ is connected directly to the base of the transistor Q _v via the OR circuit OR ₃ connected from the output terminal of the set signal generating circuit 91 _c. The base of Q _y is connected to the base of transistor Q _u via the notch circuit N ₃ , and the other is connected to the base of transistor Q _u to control on / off of transistors Q _u , Q _v , Q _x and Q _y by the input signal. . 10 connection terminal P to a DC power source 6, a constant voltage power supply circuit connected through the N, and summer from the output terminal to deliver a constant voltage source V _c as control power supply to each circuit.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 9. The rotation direction of the rotor 4 will be described as a forward rotation in the arrow CW direction in FIG. 2 and a reverse rotation in the opposite direction.

At the time of starting, the rotor 4 may be arbitrarily stopped when the magnetic poles N and S of the rotor 4 are stopped at the positions shown in FIG. 2 and when the magnetic poles N and S are stopped at positions opposite to those shown. In some cases, each will be explained.

A, when the magnetic poles N and S of the rotor 4 are stopped at the positions shown in FIG. 2, in the initial state, the period measuring circuit 91 _h and the data accumulating circuit 91 _i have 1/2 revolutions of the rotor 4. Since the period time data is not captured, the 1/2 rotation period time data corresponding to the starting frequency (for example, 10 Hz) suitable for starting the rotor 4 is previously stored in the measurement circuit 91 _h and the data storage circuit 91 _i. Take in.

Then, when a power switch (not shown) is turned on, the DC power source 6 is applied (at time t _{o in} FIG. 8), and the constant voltage power source circuit 10 receives the constant voltage power source V _c and supplies it to each circuit as a control power source. .

As a result, the "H" level position detection signal is sent from the output terminal of the position detection circuit 8 (output in FIG. 8), and the mask circuit 91 _e receiving this sends the output signal of the output terminal Q to the "H" level. inverted (FIG. 8 91 _e output).

At this time, the edge detection circuit 91 _f receives the “H” level output signal from the mask circuit 91 _e , but since the control power supply is applied with a slight delay, the rising edge of the input is detected. The output signals of the output terminals O ₁ and O ₂ are “L”
The level is almost the same (Fig. 8, 91 _f O ₁ , O ₂ output). Therefore,
The output of the switching circuit 91 _g is also at "L" level orゝ(8 9
1 _g output).

When turning on the switch (not shown) of the starting circuit 91 _a (FIG. 8 time point t _1), the pulse signal of Wanshiyotsuto is output from the circuit 91 _a as the start signal (Fig. 8 91 _a outputs). Receiving this, the timer circuit 91 _b inverts the output of the output terminal O ₁ to the “H” level at the rising edge of the input and sends it out for the set time T ₃ (91 _b O ₁ output in FIG. 8). The excisional signal generating circuit 91 _c having received this time period transmission of the excisional time T ₃ a pulse signal having a constant period at the rising edge of the input as excisional signal (FIG. 8 91 _c outputs).

At this time, in the switching circuit 91 _g , the AND circuit AND ₁ receives the “H” level output signal from the output terminal O ₁ of the timer circuit 91 _b as the “L” level output signal via the not circuit N _1. Therefore, the output signal of the circuit 91 _g remains at the “L” level (91 _g output in FIG. 8).

Then, the set signal causes the transistors Q _u and Q _{y to} be intermittently turned on via the OR circuit OR ₃ (see FIG. 8, Q _u ,
Q _y ). As a result, the stator coil 3 is energized intermittently for a short time, and the energization causes a slight rotation in the reverse rotation direction. However, since the rotating torque is small, the stator magnetized by the short time energization is performed. The rotation is limited to such a degree that the magnetic flux axis of the rotor 4 coincides with the magnetic flux axis of the first magnetic pole 2 _a , 2 _b , and the state becomes almost locked. That is, due to the short-time energization, the magnetic flux axis of the rotor 4 (second magnetic flux axis of the stator 1
It does not rotate in the reverse rotation direction beyond the (Y-Y line in the figure).

On the other hand, in response to the set signal, the delay circuit 91 _o sends the “H” level output signal to the input terminal ST of the mask circuit 91 _e at the rising edge of the input, and the multivibrator MB _{1 at the} falling edge of the input.
There therefore sends a pulse signal Wanshiyotsuto, will send a wide pulse signal from the pulse width of the excisional signal (FIG. 8 91 _o Output). Therefore, the transistors Q _u and Q _y are turned off at the fall of the set signal, and the transistor Q _u and Q _y are turned off by the spike voltage generated when the transistor Q _y is turned off.
The collector voltage of Q _y rises, and the position detection circuit 8 that receives this turns the transistor Q ₁ on and inverts the position detection signal to the “L” level (output in FIG. 8). Since 91 _e holds the “H” level input signal of the input end D at the rising edge of the input of the input end ST, the output signal remains at the “H” level even if the position detection signal changes. (Fig. 91
_e output). That is, even if a spike voltage is generated due to the transistors Q _u and Q _y being repeatedly turned on and off by the set signal, they are masked and the output signal of the mask circuit 91 _e does not change.

Then, the timer circuit 91 _b, because the timer (not shown) is reset after clocking excisional time T _3, the output signal of the output terminal O ₁ is inverted to "L" level (FIG. 8 91 _b O ₁ Output) A latch circuit (not shown) responds to the fall of the output of the timer, and a pulse signal is output from the output terminal O ₂ to the input terminal R of the mask circuit 91 _e as a reset signal (91 _b O ₂ output in FIG. 8). .
The mask circuit 91 _{e that} receives this is reset and the output terminal Q
The output signal of is inverted to "L" level ( _91e output). The edge detecting circuit 91 _f receiving this signal sends out a pulse signal obtained by differentiating and rectifying the rising of the input from the output terminal O ₁ (91 _f , O ₁ output in FIG. 8).

At this time, the position detecting circuit 8 turns off the transistor Q _y by stopping the set signal of the signal generating circuit 91 _c , and the spike voltage generated by the turning off turns on the transistor Q _{1 in the same} manner as described above to output the output signal. after once inverted to "L" level, but the position detection signal again inverted to the "H" level will be sent to the mask circuit 91 _e, the mask circuit 91 _e is
Since undergoing reset signal to the input terminal R, the output signal is orゝthe "L" level (FIG. 8 91 _e output).

On the other hand, the rotor 4 rotates substantially to the lock position due to short-time energization of the stator coil 3 in the reverse direction,
By the urging force of the O connexion positioning means 5 to stop the energization, the second magnetic pole 2 of the stator 1 as shown in Figure _a, 2 _b flux axis (Y-Y line) than slightly (FIG. 2 theta) positive It turns in the rolling direction and stops.

This completes the set operation of the rotor 4 to the starting position.

The AND circuit AND ₁ of the switching circuit 91 _g which receives the pulse signal from the output terminal O ₁ of the edge detection circuit 91 _f has the other input terminal of which the output signal of the output terminal O ₁ of the timer circuit 91 _b is “ By inverting the signal to the L "level, it is inverted to the" H "level via the notch circuit N ₁ , so that the output signal is inverted to the" H "level (91 _g output in FIG. 8). In response to this, the flip-flop circuit FF ₁ of the drive control means 9 _c inverts the output signal of the output terminal Q, to “H” and “L” at the rising edge of the input, and sends them to the AND circuits AND ₂ and AND ₃ , respectively. But AND circuit AND
_Since the other of the input terminals of ₂ and AND ₃ is at the “L” level, the transistors Q _u , Q _v , Q _x , and Q _y remain off. On the other hand, the measuring circuit 91 _h receiving the pulse signal of the switching circuit 91 _g counts up at the rising edge of the input and outputs the data to the arithmetic circuits 91 _k , 91
send to _l . The arithmetic circuit 91 _k receiving this calculates the waiting time T ₁ by multiplying the input data by a coefficient (for example, 30/180), and sends this calculated value to the timer circuit 91 _m as the present waiting time T ₁ . At this time, since both the output data of the measurement circuit 91 _h and the output data of the data storage circuit 91 _i are the same from the comparison circuit 91 _j , no large or small comparison signal is sent out, and the calculated value is not corrected. The timer circuit 91 _m starts the clocking operation at the rising edge of the pulse signal of the switching circuit 91 _g , and the count value is equal to that of the arithmetic circuit.
When the set value of the standby time T ₁ of 91 _k is reached, the time is up and the output terminal outputs the “H” level output signal (91 _m output in FIG. 8). On the other hand, the arithmetic circuit 91 _l receiving the data from the measuring circuit 91 _h has a coefficient (for example, 120/180) in the input data.
It calculates the energization time T ₂ by multiplying, and sends the calculated value as the current energizing time T ₂ in the timer circuit 91 _n (this calculated value is not corrected by the above same reason). The timer circuit 91 _n receiving this starts the clocking operation when the output signal of the timer circuit 91 _m is inverted to the “H” level, and also inverts the output signal to the “H” level at the rising edge of the input ( Figure 8 91 _n output). In the AND circuits AND ₂ and AND ₃ receiving this, the output of the AND ₂ is inverted to the “H” level, the transistors Q _v and Q _x are turned on, and 6
A current flows through a path of → Q _v → 3 → Q _x → 6, the magnetic pole 2 _{a of the} stator 1 is magnetized to, for example, the N pole, and the magnetic pole 2 _b is magnetized to the S pole, respectively, and the rotor 4 (set to the starting position) The attraction / repulsion force acts between the rotor and the magnetic pole (at the position in FIG. 2) to generate a rotational torque in the rotor 4, so that the rotor 4 starts to rotate in the forward direction, that is, starts up (at time t _{3 in} FIG. 8). ).

As the rotor 4 starts rotating, a positive induced voltage is generated in the stator coil 3 (induced voltage in FIG. 8).

At this time, the transistor Q ₁ of the position detection circuit 8 is turned on by the base current flowing, and the position detection signal is inverted to the “L” level (output in FIG. 8). The mask circuit 91 _e that received this is
As has output signal is already reset by the reset signal of the timer circuit 91 _b (FIG. 8 t ₂ time), the timer circuit 91 _n "H" from the delay circuit 91 _o which received the level of the output signal "H" Since the input signal ST of the input terminal ST receives the level output signal (“L” level) when the input rises and is sent from the output terminal Q, even if the input of the input terminal D changes. , the output signal until the inverted input is "L" level of the input terminal ST, is held in the "L" level (FIG. 8 91 _e).

The count value of the timer circuit 91 _n is calculated by the arithmetic circuit 9
When it coincides with the installation value output from 1 _e (that is, after energization time T ₂ ), time-up is performed to invert the output signal to the “L” level ( _n output in FIG. 8), and transistors Q _v and Q _x Is turned off (at this time, Q _u and Q _y are kept off) (Q _v and Q _{x in} FIG. 8), and the energization to the stator coil 3 is stopped. This turning off causes a spike voltage as described above, but the delay circuit 91 _o sends a pulse signal of a constant width at the rising edge of the output of the timer circuit 91 _n (91 _o output in FIG. 8). the output of the position detection signal once "H" mask be inverted in level circuit 91 _e is maintained at "L" level. On the other hand, in the position detection signal, after the spike voltage period, a current is generated in the path of 3 → R ₂ → Q ₁ base / emitter → D _x → 3 due to the positive induced voltage generated by the rotation of the rotor 4. As a result, the transistor Q ₁ remains on and becomes the “L” level (output in FIG. 8). On the other hand, the rotor 4 rotates due to inertial force due to the stop of the energization, and at the time when the center of the magnetic poles N and S passes through the magnetic pole centers of the magnetic poles 2 _a and 2 _b of the stator 1 (time t _{5 in} FIG. 8), the induced voltage Changes from a positive polarity to a negative polarity, so a current flows in a path of 3 → D _y → 6 → D _y → 3 due to the negative induced voltage, and the transistor Q ₁ is reverse-biased and turned off. Inverts to "H" level (output in FIG. 8). In response to this, the mask circuit 91 _e inverts the output signal to the “H” level because its input end ST is at the “L” level at the trailing edge of the output of the delay circuit 91 _o (see FIG. _e output), the edge detection circuit 91 _f receiving this sends the pulse signal from the output terminal O ₁ to the flip-flop circuit FF ₁ , the measurement circuit 91 _h , and the timer circuit 91 _m via the switching circuit 91 _g at the rising edge of the input. At the same time, the pulse signal is output from the output terminal O ₂ via the delay circuit 91 _d at the rising edge of the input,
This is reset by sending a timer circuit 91 _b. The measurement circuit 91 _h transfers the initial setting data to the data storage circuit 91 _i by the pulse signal and accumulates it, and compares the time measured data from the pulse signal at the time of startup to receiving the pulse signal of this time. At the same time as sending to the circuit 91 _j and the arithmetic circuits 91 _k and 91 _l , counting is started by this pulse signal and the next time measurement is performed. The comparison circuit 91 _j sends a comparison signal, which compares the above-mentioned data and the data output from the storage circuit 91 _i, to the arithmetic circuits 91 _k and 91 _l . The arithmetic circuits 91 _k and 91 _l receiving these data calculate the standby time T ₁ and the energization time T ₂ as described above, and the comparison circuit 91 _i
When receiving a comparison signal having a relationship of (current data) <(previous data), the above calculated values are corrected to be smaller and the standby time T ₁ and energization time T ₂ of this time are set. The set values are sent to the timer circuits 91 _m and 91 _n , respectively (that is, when the comparison signal having the above relationship is received, it is determined that the vehicle is accelerating, the rotation frequency of the rotor 4 is predicted to increase, and the waiting time is correspondingly increased. T ₁ and energizing time T ₂ will be corrected and set).

Then, the timer circuit 91 _m starts the clocking operation at the rising edge of the pulse signal of the switching circuit 91 _g , and the count value is calculated by the arithmetic circuit.
91 when a match with the output setting value from _k, inverted to "H" level output at the output terminal to Taimuatsupu (FIG. 8 91 _m
Output), the timer circuit 91 _n receiving this inverts the output of the output terminal to the “H” level at the rising edge of the input (91 _n output in FIG. 8) and sends it to the AND circuits AND ₂ and ADN ₃ . In response to this, the AND circuits AND ₂ and ADN ₃ have the other input terminals whose output terminals Q and F of the flip-flop circuit FF ₁ at the rising edge of the pulse signal.
Are inverted to "L" and "H" respectively (Fig. 8 FF ₁ Q,
Output), the output of the AND circuit AND ₃ is inverted to the “H” level, and the transistors Q _u and Q _y are turned on through the OR circuit OR ₃ (Q _u and Q _{y in} FIG. 8), and 6 → Q _u → A current is passed through the stator coil 3 through the path of 3 → Q _y → 6, the magnetic poles 2 _a and 2 _b of the stator 1 are magnetized in the opposite polarity to the above, and rotational torque is applied to the rotor 4 to accelerate it. This energization is similar to the above, when the energization time T ₂ set by the arithmetic circuit 91 _l matches the set value of the timer circuit.
The output of 91 _n is stopped by reversing to the “L” level, the rotor 4 continues to rotate due to inertial force, and the position detection signal that reverses when the induced voltage changes from negative polarity to positive polarity (zero point) , The 1/2 rotation cycle of the rotor 4 is measured, the standby time T ₁ and the energization time T ₂ are calculated and set, and the stator coil 3 is energized for the standby time T ₁ after the energization time T ₂ based on these set values. The above-described operation is repeated to further accelerate the rotation of the rotor 4, and the synchronous operation is drawn.

The operation during deceleration is the same as the above except that the correction when the standby time T ₁ and the energization time T ₂ are set when the calculation is set is the same as that described above, and a description thereof will be omitted.

B, when the magnetic poles N and S of the rotor 4 have the opposite polarities to those shown in FIG. 2 and are stopped in a state of being offset by θ in the reverse direction with respect to the magnetic flux axis (Y-Y line) of the stator 1, the same as above. The DC power supply 6 is applied by turning on a power switch (not shown), and the constant voltage power supply circuit 10 supplies the constant voltage power supply V _c to each circuit as a control power supply (at time t _{0 in} FIG. 9). Position detection signal is inverted to "H" level (output in FIG. 9), and the mask circuit 91 _e receives this signal.
The output of is also inverted to "H" level ( _91e output in Fig. 9). However, since edge detection circuit 91 _f is subjected to a slight delay the control power supply, the output signal without detecting the rise of the input is in the "L" level (Fig. 9 91 _f O _1, O ₂ output ).

Then (FIG. 9 time point t ₁₎ by placing the switch (not shown) of the starting circuit 91 _a, the start signal Wanshiyotsuto is sent (Fig. 9 91 _a output), the output terminal O ₁ of the timer circuit 91 _b
Then, the output signal of "H" level is transmitted during the set time T ₃ from the output (91 _{bO 1} output in FIG. 9). Received this signal generation circuit 91 _c
Sends out the excisional signal (Fig. 9 91 _c outputs), Orr circuit O
Transistors Q _u and Q _y are intermittently turned on via R ₃ (Q _u and Q _{y in} FIG. 9). As a result, the stator coil 3 is intermittently energized for a short time, and due to this energization, the magnetic pole 2 _a of the stator 1 is
There example S-pole, 2 _b is magnetized in the example N-pole, the rotor 4
The rotor 4 rotates in the reverse direction due to the attraction and repulsion between the magnetic poles of the rotor 4 and the magnetic pole of the rotor 4. This rotation causes a negative induced voltage in the stator coil 3 (induced voltage in FIG. 9). . The rotor 4 is rotated in the reverse direction the magnetic pole N of the rotor 4, the magnetic flux axis pole 2 _a of the stator 1 S, 2 _b flux axis (FIG. 2 Y-Y
Line), the induced voltage will change from negative polarity to positive polarity, so it will pass through the zero point.
The position detection signal is inverted to "L" level.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 9, before the position detection signal passes through the zero point of the induced voltage, the transistors Q _u and Q _y are turned off due to the fall of the set signal. If it is inverted to "L" level due to the spike voltage,
It will be held at "L" level. Then, the rotor 4 once passes the zero point of the induced voltage due to the inertia caused by the rotation in the reverse rotation direction caused by the intermittent energization, but since the inertial force is small, the rotor 4 is stopped due to the stop of the energization. The magnetic flux axis is substantially coincident with the magnetic flux axis of the stator 1 and stopped (the induced voltage becomes zero, the induced voltage in FIG. 9), and the position detection signal is inverted to the “H” level (output in FIG. 9). After that, even when the energization is intermittently performed for a short time by the set signal, the rotational torque generated in the rotor 4 becomes small and becomes substantially locked, and the rotor 4 does not rotate in the reverse rotation direction.

On the other hand, when the output signal of the delay circuit 91 _o is inverted to the “L” level, the holding of the “H” level output signal is released, and the mask circuit 91 _e receiving the “L” level position detection signal is The output signal is inverted to “L” level (91 _e output in FIG. 9), and the edge detection circuit 91 _f which detects this falling edge sends a pulse signal from the output terminal O ₁ (91 _f O _{1 in} FIG. 9). output), the switching circuit 91 _g which received this, the aND circuit the other input of the aND ₁ via the timer circuit 91 excisional time T ₃ in Notsuto circuit N ₁ from the output terminal O ₁ of _b "L" level Since it receives the output signal, the output signal remains at the "L" level. Further, the mask circuit 91 _e is will be reversed to the position detection signal is "H" level when the rotor 4 described above is stopped substantially lock state receiving this, already delayed from the circuit 91 _o "H" level Since the output signal of "L" level is held when the output signal of is received at the input terminal ST, the output signal is not inverted.

Then, when the output signal of the delay circuit 91 _o is inverted to the “L” level, the mask circuit 91 _e releases the hold at the trailing edge and the position detection signal is at the “H” level. "The level is inverted (91 _e output in Fig. 9). The edge detection circuit 91 _f receiving this detects the rising edge of the input and outputs the output terminal O ₁ ,
A pulse signal is transmitted from O ₂ (91 _f O ₁ , O ₂ output in FIG. 9).
The switching circuit 91 _g receiving the pulse signal from the output terminal O ₁ keeps the output signal at the “L” level because the other input of the AND circuit AND ₁ is at the “L” level (Fig. 9, 91 _g output). ), the delay circuit 91 _d having received the pulse signal from the output terminal O ₂ is responsive sends after the timer circuit 91 _b delay time T ₄ the pulse signal as the reset signal (FIG. 9 91 _d outputs). Receiving this, the timer circuit 91 _b inverts the output signal of the output terminal O ₁ to the “L” level and stops the set signal sent from the set signal generating circuit 91 _c (inverts to the “L” level) ( 9 Figure 91 _c outputs), clears the mask circuit 91 _e is inverted to "H" level output signal at the output terminal O _2, is inverted to "L" level output signal (FIG. 9 t ₂ time 91 _e output). The edge detection circuit 91 _f having received this sends a pulse signal from the detecting the falling edge of the input output terminals O ₁ (FIG. 9 t ₂ time 91 _f O ₁ Output), the switching circuit 91 _g having received this A pulse signal is sent from the output terminal (91 _g output in Fig. 9). In response to this, the flip-flop circuit FF ₁ inverts the output signal at the output terminal Q, to "H" and "L" levels at the rising edge of the input (FF ₁ Q, output in FIG. 9), respectively.
On the other hand, by stopping the set signal, the transistors Q _u and Q _y
Turns off, and the spike voltage generated when this turns off causes the position detection signal to once change to the “L” level and then change to the “H” level (output in FIG. 9), which causes an intermittent short time in the reverse direction. The energization is stopped, and the rotor 4 is rotated by the biasing force of the positioning means 5 to a position where its magnetic flux axis is displaced by a slight angle θ with respect to the magnetic flux axis (Y-Y line) of the stator 1. Move and stop. Now the magnetic pole N of the rotor 4
When S stops at the position opposite to the position shown in FIG. 2, the set operation to the starting position is completed.

Next, the starting operation of the rotor 4 is performed, but since it operates in the same manner as described above, its explanation is omitted.

In this way, the rotor 4 is connected to the magnetic flux axis of the stator 1 (Y in FIG. 2).
-Y line), no matter which state the magnetic flux axis of the magnetic pole NS coincides with and stops, the stator coil 3 is intermittently energized in the reverse rotation direction for a short time to set to a predetermined starting position. As a result, it is possible to always start in the forward rotation direction from a predetermined starting position.

<Effects of the Invention> According to the present invention, a positioning means is provided for slightly shifting the magnetic flux axis of the rotor from the magnetic flux axis of the stator when the rotor is stopped, and the rotor is intermittently rotated in the reverse rotation direction for a predetermined time during startup. It is designed to rotate to the lock position and set to the specified starting position by energizing the rotor for a short period of time, so even if the rotor stops at any position, the rotor will move to the starting position with its magnetic poles in the same positional relationship. It can be set and the motor can be accurately started in the forward rotation direction. Moreover, since the positioning means may be formed so as to provide the biasing force required to slightly shift the magnetic flux axis of the rotor from the magnetic flux axis of the stator, a small biasing force is generated and vibration is generated in the rotational torque. The motor can be driven without. Further, since the zero point of the induced voltage generated by being superimposed on the applied voltage of its own phase is detected by stopping energization for a period before and after the zero point, the rotor can be detected without providing a position detecting element. The rotational position of can be accurately detected. Further, since the position detection signal is synchronized with the energization time and held for a predetermined time later than the energization time, it is possible to mask the spike voltage generated by the interruption of the current flowing through the stator coil, and to intermittently start up. Even if it is energized for a short period of time, it does not malfunction even if it is driven.
It is possible to accurately control the energization of the phase brushless motor.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a basic block diagram of the motor of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a drive circuit showing a conventional example, and FIG. 4 is a conventional example. The basic configuration diagram of the motor body shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 is for explaining the principle of the one-phase brushless motor. FIG. 5 shows the generated magnetic flux, FIG. 6 shows the generated rotational torque, and FIG. The figure is the time chart. 8 and 9 are time charts for explaining the operation of FIG. 1: Stator, 2 _a , 2 _b : Magnetic pole, 3: Stator coil, 4: Rotor, 5: Positioning means, 7: Inverter circuit, 8: Position detection circuit, 9: Energization control circuit, 9 _a : Starting set means, 9 _b : arithmetic control means, 9 _c : drive control means,

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A one-phase brushless motor having a rotor magnetized with N and S poles, an inverter circuit connected to the motor from a DC power source to output an output voltage, and connected from an output end of the inverter circuit. A position detection circuit that detects the zero point of the induced voltage generated in the stator coil of the motor, and the output end of this position detection circuit are connected to calculate the standby time and energization time from the half cycle of the previous induced voltage. In addition, the position detecting signal of the position detecting circuit is synchronized with the energizing time and is held for a predetermined time delay from the energizing time, and the arithmetic control means is driven to output an energizing command to the inverter circuit by the output thereof. An energization control circuit having control means, and positioning means for urging the motor so as to slightly shift the rotor from the lock position to stop at the starting position. Only, the above-mentioned energization control circuit,
A start-up setting means for intermittently sending a short-time energization command for rotating the rotor in the reverse direction to set it to the lock position is provided for a predetermined time, and when the rotor is set to the predetermined start position, the motor is started. A starting device for a one-phase brushless motor, characterized in that