JPH0762311B2 - Method for producing metal-coated fiber - Google Patents
Method for producing metal-coated fiberInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0762311B2 JPH0762311B2 JP61315037A JP31503786A JPH0762311B2 JP H0762311 B2 JPH0762311 B2 JP H0762311B2 JP 61315037 A JP61315037 A JP 61315037A JP 31503786 A JP31503786 A JP 31503786A JP H0762311 B2 JPH0762311 B2 JP H0762311B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- fiber
- plating
- coated fiber
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound [B].CNC RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、金属被覆繊維の製造方法に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing a metal-coated fiber.
（従来の技術） 従来より、繊維にメッキを施す場合、予め繊維表面を活
性化することが好ましく、貴金属を付着させる手段が常
用されており、例えばカーボン材料をパラジウム又は銀
の無機塩水溶液に浸漬処理した後に電気メッキする特開
昭60−208495号発明やセルロース等の吸水性繊維を界面
活性剤により安定化されたパラジウムヒドロゾルを含浸
させた後に化学メッキする特開昭61−63780号発明など
が挙げられる。(Prior Art) Conventionally, when plating a fiber, it is preferable to previously activate the fiber surface, and a means for attaching a noble metal is commonly used. For example, a carbon material is immersed in an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of palladium or silver. JP-A-60-208495 for performing electroplating after treatment or JP-A-61-63780 for performing chemical plating after impregnating a water-absorbent fiber such as cellulose with a surfactant-stabilized palladium hydrosol Is mentioned.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点） 確かに、前記各公報に記載された貴金属を付着させる手
段により繊維表面が活性化され、後続のメッキ反応は促
進されるが、それらの貴金属は高価であり、また触媒能
が高くメッキ速度が速いため疎な被膜形成に伴なう金属
被膜の密着性不足やメッキむら等の問題を派生する。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Certainly, the fiber surface is activated by the means for adhering the noble metal described in each of the above publications and the subsequent plating reaction is promoted, but those noble metals are expensive. In addition, since it has a high catalytic ability and a high plating rate, problems such as insufficient adhesion of the metal film and uneven plating accompanying the formation of a sparse film are derived.
即ち、本発明の目的は、メッキ速度が適度に高められ、
最終的に密着性及び均一性に優れた金属被覆の施された
繊維を工業的有利に製造する手段を提供することであ
る。That is, the object of the present invention is to increase the plating speed moderately,
A final object is to provide a means for industrially advantageously producing a metal-coated fiber having excellent adhesion and uniformity.
（問題点を解決するための手段） 上述した本発明の目的は、繊維を銅、ニッケル、コバル
ト、鉄、亜鉛、カドミウム、錫、鉛及びクロムから選ば
れる１種もしくは２種以上の金属の塩を、水素化ホウ素
ナトリウム又はジメチルアミンボランで還元してなるコ
ロイドで処理したのちメッキすることにより達成され
る。(Means for Solving the Problems) The above-mentioned object of the present invention is to use fibers as a salt of one or more metals selected from copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc, cadmium, tin, lead and chromium. Is treated with a colloid formed by reduction with sodium borohydride or dimethylamine borane, and then plated.
ここで、被処理繊維の種類としては、金属や炭素からな
る導電性無機繊維；ガラス、石綿等の非導電性無機繊
維；羊毛、綿、絹等の天然繊維；レーヨン、キュプラ、
アセテート等の再生乃至半合成繊維；ポリビニルアルコ
ール系、ポリアミド系、アクリル系等の合成繊維などが
挙げられるが、中でも炭素繊維及びアクリル系繊維が好
ましい。また、繊維の形態としては、短繊維、長繊維、
スライバー、抄紙シート、不織布、編織物などが挙げら
れる。Here, the types of fibers to be treated include conductive inorganic fibers made of metal or carbon; non-conductive inorganic fibers such as glass and asbestos; natural fibers such as wool, cotton and silk; rayon, cupra,
Regenerated or semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate; polyvinyl alcohol-based, polyamide-based, acrylic-based synthetic fibers and the like can be mentioned. Among them, carbon fibers and acrylic fibers are preferable. In addition, as the form of the fiber, short fiber, long fiber,
Examples thereof include sliver, papermaking sheet, non-woven fabric and knitted fabric.
また活性化処理用金属は、銅、ニッケル、コバルト、
鉄、亜鉛、カドミウム、錫、鉛及びクロムから選ばれる
１種もしくは２種以上の金属であり、かかる金属源とし
て用いられる金属の塩としては、塩酸塩、硫酸塩、硝酸
塩、酢酸塩等の無機塩又は有機塩である。金属の塩の溶
液は、通常水溶液であるが、水と混和性を有する有機溶
媒と水との混合溶媒溶液や有機溶媒溶液でも構わない。The activation metal is copper, nickel, cobalt,
One or more metals selected from iron, zinc, cadmium, tin, lead and chromium, and salts of the metals used as the metal source include inorganic salts such as hydrochlorides, sulfates, nitrates and acetates. It is a salt or an organic salt. The solution of the metal salt is usually an aqueous solution, but a mixed solvent solution of water and an organic solvent miscible with water or an organic solvent solution may be used.
なお、金属のコロイドは、上記金属塩溶液を水素化ホウ
素ナトリウム、ジメチルアミンボランで還元処理するこ
とにより得られる。上記金属種とかかるホウ素化合物の
組合せでは、ホウ素化合物の還元作用が強力であること
が幸いし、一挙に金属が析出する。そのため極めて微細
で多数の微粒子がコロイドを形成するのである。上記金
属種も還元剤が弱いと、ゆっくり析出した金属粒子は次
々に粒子同士が会合し大きな粗構造の凝集粒子となって
しまう。この違いが最終目的のメッキの密着性や均一性
を左右するのである。The metal colloid can be obtained by subjecting the above metal salt solution to a reduction treatment with sodium borohydride and dimethylamine borane. Fortunately, in the combination of the above metal species and the boron compound, the reduction effect of the boron compound is strong, and the metal is deposited all at once. Therefore, a very large number of fine particles form a colloid. If the reducing agent is also weak for the above-mentioned metal species, the metal particles that are slowly deposited are associated with each other one after another, and become agglomerated particles having a large coarse structure. This difference affects the adhesion and uniformity of the final plating.
上記活性化処理法の中でも、銅（銅が主成分であるが、
効果を失なわない限り他の金属を含んでいても良い）の
コロイドが、均一付着性、活性化効果、取扱い性等の点
から工業的に好ましい。Among the above activation treatment methods, copper (although copper is the main component,
A colloid (which may contain other metals as long as the effect is not lost) is industrially preferable in terms of uniform adhesion, activation effect, handleability, and the like.
上法により処理された繊維は、次いで常法に従い化学メ
ッキ、電気メッキ、化学メッキ後さらに電気メッキなど
の手段により金属被覆が施される。中でもニッケル及び
銅のメッキにおいて良好な金属被膜が形成される。The fibers treated by the above method are then subjected to a metal coating by a conventional method such as chemical plating, electroplating, chemical plating, and then electroplating. Above all, a good metal film is formed by plating nickel and copper.
（発明の効果） 本発明方法によりメッキ速度が適度に高められ、最終的
に密着性及び均一性の優れた金属被覆の施された繊維を
工業的有利に製造することができ、このようにして得ら
れた金属被覆繊維は、単独で或は他の繊維と混用して導
電性乃至制電性の優れた衣料用等の繊維としたり、抄紙
したり、樹脂や金属等のマトリックス中に分散させるな
どして電磁波シールド材、発熱体、導電性成形物、アル
カリ蓄電池用極板、音響振動板などの用途に広く用いる
ことができる。(Effects of the Invention) By the method of the present invention, the plating rate can be appropriately increased, and finally the metal-coated fiber having excellent adhesion and uniformity can be industrially advantageously produced. The obtained metal-coated fiber is used alone or in a mixture with other fibers to form fibers having excellent conductivity or antistatic property for clothes, papermaking, and dispersed in a matrix of resin or metal. Thus, it can be widely used for applications such as an electromagnetic wave shielding material, a heating element, a conductive molded product, an electrode plate for an alkaline storage battery, and an acoustic diaphragm.
（実施例） 本発明の理解を容易にするため、以下に実施例を示す。(Example) In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, an example will be shown below.
実施例 １ 大阪瓦斯（株）製のピッチ系炭素繊維（商品名:DONACAR
BO Ｓ−2000）をNaBH4 1％水溶液に10分間浸漬し、遠
心脱水機で含水率10％に脱水した後、CuSO4 2％水溶液
に浸漬して繊維表面に銅のコロイド状微粒子を析出させ
た。Example 1 Pitch-based carbon fiber manufactured by Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. (trade name: DONACAR)
BOS-2000) is dipped in NaBH 4 1% aqueous solution for 10 minutes, dehydrated to a water content of 10% with a centrifugal dehydrator, and then dipped in CuSO 4 2% aqueous solution to deposit copper colloidal fine particles on the fiber surface. It was
次に、ワット浴を用い下記の条件で10分間電気メッキを
行なった。Next, electroplating was performed for 10 minutes using the Watt bath under the following conditions.
メッキ状態を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、供試
炭素繊維の全表面が均一にメッキされていた。 When the plated state was observed with a scanning electron microscope, the entire surface of the carbon fiber under test was uniformly plated.
実施例 ２ 炭素繊維の代わりにアクリル繊維（日本エクスラン工業
（株）製:K型3d×6mm）を用いる外は実施例１と同様に
して活性化処理した後、ロッセル塩浴を用い下記の条件
で無電解メッキを行なった。Example 2 After the activation treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylic fiber (manufactured by Japan Exlan Industrial Co., Ltd .: K type 3d × 6 mm) was used in place of the carbon fiber, a Rochelle salt bath was used and the following conditions Electroless plating was performed.
浴組成 硫酸銅 12g/ ロッセル塩 45 〃 パラホルムアルデヒド 15 〃 pH（NaOHで調整） 12、25 温 度 20 ℃ 撹 拌 空気吹き込み メッキ状態は良好であり、また体積抵抗率は4.5×10-5
Ω・cmで良好な導電性を示した。Bath composition Copper sulfate 12 g / Rochelle salt 45 〃 Paraformaldehyde 15 〃 pH (adjusted with NaOH) 12, 25 Temperature 20 ℃ Stirring with air blowing Plating condition is good and volume resistivity is 4.5 × 10 -5
Ω · cm showed good conductivity.
実施例 ３ CuSO4 2％水溶液に代えてNiSO4 2％水溶液を用いる外は
実施例１と同様の操作を行なったところ、良好なメッキ
状態の繊維が得られた。When outside using NiSO 4 2% aqueous solution in place of Example 3 CuSO 4 2% aqueous solution was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, the fibers of favorable plating condition was obtained.
Claims (1)
鉛、カドミウム、錫、鉛及びクロムから選ばれる１種も
しくは２種以上の金属の塩を、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム
又はジメチルアミンボランで還元してなるコロイドで処
理したのちメッキすることを特徴とする金属被覆繊維の
製造方法。1. A fiber is prepared by reducing a salt of one or more metals selected from copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc, cadmium, tin, lead and chromium with sodium borohydride or dimethylamine borane. A method for producing a metal-coated fiber, which comprises plating with a colloid prepared as described above and then plating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61315037A JPH0762311B2 (en) | 1986-12-26 | 1986-12-26 | Method for producing metal-coated fiber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61315037A JPH0762311B2 (en) | 1986-12-26 | 1986-12-26 | Method for producing metal-coated fiber |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63165582A JPS63165582A (en) | 1988-07-08 |
| JPH0762311B2 true JPH0762311B2 (en) | 1995-07-05 |
Family
ID=18060662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61315037A Expired - Fee Related JPH0762311B2 (en) | 1986-12-26 | 1986-12-26 | Method for producing metal-coated fiber |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0762311B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007049592A1 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-03 | Bussan Nanotech Research Institute Inc. | Synthetic fiber |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4670064B2 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2011-04-13 | 奥野製薬工業株式会社 | Method for applying catalyst for electroless plating |
| JP2002309376A (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-23 | Okuno Chem Ind Co Ltd | Method of applying catalyst for electroless copper plating |
| JP5190440B2 (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2013-04-24 | ヴィー・エー・テー・オートモーティヴ・システムス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Heating element |
| JP4830406B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2011-12-07 | 日本エクスラン工業株式会社 | Conductive fiber |
| DE102005062028A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-28 | Basf Ag | Production of metallised textile sheet, e.g. for use in heatable car seats, involves printing with printing paste containing iron pentacarbonyl, heating the printed fabric and depositing another metal, e.g. copper |
| JP2013209779A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-10 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Formed body and method for producing the same |
| JP2014211344A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-11-13 | 名古屋市 | Observation method for carbon fiber in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, x-ray ct tracer used in the method, and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic |
| KR20200126406A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2020-11-06 | 메소맷 인크. | Nanomaterial-Coated Fiber |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS49126999A (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1974-12-05 | ||
| JPS60258494A (en) * | 1984-06-01 | 1985-12-20 | Nippon Sanmou Senshoku Kk | conductive polymer material |
| JPS6139311A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1986-02-25 | 旭化成株式会社 | Manufacturing method for conductive fibers and films |
-
1986
- 1986-12-26 JP JP61315037A patent/JPH0762311B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007049592A1 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-03 | Bussan Nanotech Research Institute Inc. | Synthetic fiber |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63165582A (en) | 1988-07-08 |
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