JPH0756028B2 - Carbonization device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a carbonization device for heating a carbonization kettle from the outside and steam-baking a raw material contained therein.

[Conventional technology]

The conventional carbonization device, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-44106, put a carbonization kettle with a lid on the top of the heating furnace,
An inner pot was placed inside, and the raw material to be subjected to dry distillation was placed in the inner pot and heated, and the raw material stored inside was heated and pyrolyzed.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the carbonization device according to the conventional example, the heat transfer is transmitted from the iron shell of the outer pot to the inner pot, and the heat is transferred from the inner pot to the raw material by heat transfer. However, there was a problem that the heat transfer efficiency was low due to the poor space between the outer pot and the inner pot and the contact state between the inner pot and the raw material, and the thermal efficiency of the carbonization furnace was also poor.

In addition, the raw material at the bottom of the pot, where the outer pot and the inner pot are in contact, is heated directly by the heat transfer from the pot, but becomes hot, but the raw material at the upper part of the pot is heated by the heat transfer within the raw pot. The temperature is low, and as a result, it takes a long time for the raw material to be subjected to carbonization to reach a certain temperature, resulting in poor work efficiency.

Further, since the heat transfer from the outer kettle to the inner kettle and the material is low, the temperature of the outer kettle becomes high and the heating surface side of the outer kettle is oxidized and thinned, and the heat transfer coefficient is different at each position of the kettle. As a result, there is also a problem that the outer pot causes thermal strain deformation.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a carbonization device having high thermal efficiency by making the temperature in the carbonization vessel as uniform as possible.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

A dry distillation apparatus according to claim (1), which is in accordance with the above object, is provided with a dry distillation vessel having a lid that opens and closes at an upper portion, and is arranged at a required height from the bottom of the dry distillation vessel, and a sufficient gap is provided between each member. The mounting table and the inner wall of the dry distillation kettle that is removably arranged on the mounting table have a required gap, and the bottom part is a dry mesh storage container having a mesh shape, and is attached to the lid. It has a fan that blows out an air flow around it, an air rectifying plate that guides the air flow from the dry distillate storage container to the suction side of the fan, and a furnace that heats the dry distillation kettle.

The dry distillation apparatus according to claim (2) is the dry distillation apparatus according to claim (1), wherein the dry distillation vessel has a circular cross section,
The dry-distillate storage container has a shape in which a plurality of columns are equally divided in the vertical direction.

[Action]

In the dry distillation apparatus according to claim (1), a mounting table is formed at a required height from the bottom of the dry distillation kettle, and a sufficient gap is formed between each member, and the bottom has a mesh-like shape on the mounting table. Since the dry distillate storage container is arranged, and furthermore, the air conditioning plate and the fan are provided on the upper part of the dry distillate storage container, the air conditioning plate guides the air flow from the lower dry distillate storage container to the fan, The temperature of the whole kettle is blown out by a fan, the airflow is poured into the gap between the inner wall of the dry distillation kettle and the outside of the dry distillation storage container, and is guided from the bottom of the dry distillation kettle to the bottom of the dry distillation storage container and circulated. Heat evenly.

In the dry distillation apparatus according to claim (2), since the dry distillation vessel has a circular cross section and the dry distillation storage container has a shape in which a cylinder is vertically divided into a plurality of equal parts, the dry distillation storage container is The wall creates a gap between the wall and the material to be dried, which improves the flow of the gas flow in the central portion of the dry distillation vessel, so that the material to be dried can be uniformly heated or cooled. Further, since the dry-distillate storage container is downsized, it is easy to handle, and when used in combination with the dry-distillate storage container, a dry-distillation storage container having a circular cross section can be formed. The dry-distillate storage container can be stored with a required gap between it and the inner wall of the kettle.

[Embodiment] Next, an embodiment embodying the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide an understanding of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of a carbonization kettle, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a four-distilled carbonization container. FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a flange portion of a carbonization vessel, and FIG. 5 is an overall flow diagram of carbonization equipment using the carbonization device.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a dry distillation apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a dry distillation tank 12 having a lid 11 that can be opened and closed, a furnace 13 for supporting the dry distillation tank 12, and the dry distillation tank. A mounting table 14 arranged inside the container 12, a dry-distillate storage container 15 mounted on the mounting table 14, a fan 16 attached to the lid 11, and an air conditioning plate 17
And is configured. These will be described in detail below.

The dry distillation kettle 12 is made of stainless steel, heat-resistant steel or the like and has a circular cross section, and a flange 18 is provided at the joint with the lid 11.
19 is provided, and an outlet 20 for discharging the dry distillation gas to the outside and an inlet 21 for taking the cooling gas inside are provided on the side.

As shown in FIG. 4, the flanges 18 and 19 have cooling water passages 22 and 23 at their upper and lower portions, and also have tightening bottles 24 at appropriate intervals. It is rotatably attached via the.

Further, the lower flange 19 has grooves 28 and 29 formed in two steps, and the upper flange 18 is provided with rings 30 and 31 for pressing packings fitted in the grooves 28 and 29, respectively, and a connection not shown. Nitrogen gas can be filled from the mouth between the rings 30 and 31.

The lid 11 is rotatably attached to one side of the lid 11 via a mounting plate 32 and a rotating shaft 33 to which the mounting plate 32 is fixed, and a lever 35 is attached to the rotating shaft 33. The lid 11 is opened and closed by the hydraulic cylinder 36 about the pivot shaft 33.

As shown in FIG. 2, a mounting table 14 in which members are arranged at sufficient intervals is arranged at a predetermined height from the bottom of the dry distillation kettle 12, and the inner wall of the dry distillation vessel 12 has the above-mentioned structure. A guide plate 37 is arranged so that the dry matter storage container 15 is fitted into a predetermined position.

As shown in FIG. 3, the dry-distillate storage container 15 placed on the above-mentioned mounting table 14 has a structure in which a column is vertically divided into four equal parts, and the upper part is opened, the periphery is blind, and the lower part is a net-like structure. The gas is allowed to flow from above,
When four of them are combined, as shown in FIG. 2, they are placed at the center of the placing table 14 so that a predetermined gap can be created between the placing table 14 and the dry distillation vessel 12. In addition, although the dry-distillate storage container 15 shows an example in which a cylinder is divided into four equal parts in the vertical direction, it may be divided into a number other than four as long as it is divided into a plurality of parts.

Further, a fan 16 composed of a plurality of radially mounted blades is attached to the lid 11, a pulley 39 is attached to a shaft 38 of the fan 16, and is connected to a pulley 41 attached to a motor 40 by a belt. And is driven by the rotation of the motor 40.

On the other hand, below the fan 16 is a baffle plate 17 which supports 17a
Although it is hung from the lid 11 via the air conditioning plate 17, the air conditioning plate 17 has a truncated cone shape and a hood as a whole, and exactly four dry-distillate storage containers.
The airflow that covers the upper part of the fan 15 and rises is guided to the lower part of the fan 16, that is, the suction port 42 of the fan 16.

A furnace 13 mainly composed of refractory is formed inside a furnace frame 34 on which the dry distillation kettle 12 is placed, and a manhole 43 is formed on one side of the lower part of the furnace 13 and an oil burner 44 is formed on the other side. It is equipped. A pilot burner 45, an ignition device 46, and a peephole 47 are arranged in the vicinity of the oil burner 44, and a gas burner 48 that uses the carbonization gas generated as a fuel is provided next to the oil burner 44. There is.

The whole of the carbonization equipment to which the carbonization equipment 10 is applied is shown in FIG. 5. As shown in the figure, the carbonization equipment is the same as the carbonization equipment 10 described above.
An oil cooling device 52 disposed in the exhaust gas passage of the dry distillation kettle 12 for collecting and cooling the oil condensed and liquefied in the gas pipe 51, and a condenser 53 for cooling the dry distillation gas and liquefying the remaining oil.
And a water sealing tank 54 connected to the outlet side of the condenser 53,
Collecting oil tanks 56, 57 and a storage tank 58 for containing the oil collected by the oil cooling device 52 and the condenser 53;
Combustion fan 59 for supplying primary air to each of the burners
And a cooling tower 60 that cools the circulating cooling water.
And is configured. These will be described in more detail.

A gas pipe 51 for sending generated gas to the outside is attached to the dry distillation kettle 10, and an oil cooling device is provided in the middle of the gas pipe 51 (preferably at the lowest position) via a branch pipe.
52 is installed. This oil cooling device 52 includes a gas pipe 51
High flash point oil condensed in the oil (ie high boiling point oil)
Is collected and cooled, and the cooled oil is guided to a collected oil tank 56 having a partition plate inside, and only the light oil floating on the surface is overflowed and collected in the adjacent tank.

Then, a condenser 53 whose inside is forcibly cooled by cooling water is connected to the end portion of the gas pipe 51, and oil and water contained in the dry distillation gas are condensed and liquefied and led to a recovery oil tank 57. ing. The recovered oil tank 57 has a partition plate inside, and only the light oil floating on the surface is floated, overflows from the partition plate, and is guided to the adjacent tank.

The oil collected in the collected oil tanks 56, 57 is sent to the storage tank 58 by the pumps 61, 62 and used as fuel oil. In this case, the recovered oil with a low flash point recovered in the recovered oil tank 57 (that is, the oil containing the oil with a low boiling point) is preferentially sent to the storage tank 58, and when there is not enough fuel oil, the recovered oil tank 56 The recovered oil with a high flash point is also sent to the storage tank for use. In the case of excess fuel oil, it will be dispensed to drums and used effectively as fuel for other equipment.

A water sealing tank 54 is attached to the outlet side of the condenser 53 via a valve 63, and the gas generated through the water sealing tank 54 is supplied to a gas burner 48 and a normal combustion burner 64 which is an example of a gas burner. Therefore, it does not flash back.

Incidentally, the water separated in the recovered oil tanks 56 and 57 and the water overflowing from the water sealing tank 54 are discharged only out of the system through an oil / water separating device (not shown) without oil.

The oil burner 44 provided in the lower portion of the dry distillation kettle 12
Is supplied with oil from the storage tank 58 through a pump 65, and the gas burner 48 is supplied with gas generated by carbonization through a water sealing tank 54 and a two-way control valve 66, so that a carbonization tank
12 can be heated from the bottom.

Then, the gas excessively generated by carbonization is burned by the normal combustion burner 64 and released from the collision 67 to the atmosphere, and each burner 44, 64 is equipped with a pilot burner using LPG 68 as a fuel. There is.

On the other hand, a circulating fan 70 is attached to the condenser 53 via a valve 69 so that the gas cooled by the condenser 53 can be sent to the dry distillation tank 12 again, and A nitrogen gas tank 72 is connected via a valve 71, and nitrogen gas can be filled in the dry distillation tank 12 as necessary.

Next, the operation of the carbonization equipment will be described in more detail. Stainless steel plate grinding scraps, which is an example of a metal scrap material containing nickel or chromium generated in the process of polishing a stainless steel plate with a polishing belt, are collected in a press factory. It is conveyed, put in a cylinder, and squeezed from the top with a piston to form cutting oil into an extruded cake-like lump (diameter 180 mm, height 100 mm). As a result, the oil content of the lump becomes about 15%.

Next, this lump is put in the above-mentioned four dry-distillate storage containers 15, put in the dry-distiller 12 and the lid 11 is closed to seal the whole.
The valve 71 is opened to introduce the nitrogen gas from the nitrogen gas tank 72, and the air inside is expelled to make a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and the valve 71 is closed.

Then, first, the motor 40 is driven to drive the fan in the dry distillation kettle 12.
Rotate 16 to fire the pilot burner that uses LPG as fuel, and burn the oil burner 44 that uses the oil collected by the previous dry distillation as fuel. At this time, it is assumed that the valve 63 connected to the condenser 53 is open and the valve 69 is closed.

As a result, the inside of the dry distillation kettle 12 is heated, but the airflow emitted from the internal fan 16 to the surroundings passes between the outside of the four dry distillation container 15 and the inner wall of the dry distillation kettle 12, and the dry distillation kettle 12 is heated. 12
Is heated to the bottom of the dry-distillate storage container 15, rises through the gap of the lumps, and is collected and circulated immediately below the fan 16 by the air conditioning plate 17.

When the temperature of the lumps rises, the cutting oil contained inside is vaporized and discharged from the dry distillation kettle 12 through the gas pipe 51, and the oil with a high flash point is liquefied in the gas pipe 51 and the oil cooling device 52 To the one of the recovered oil tank 56.

Oil that is lighter than water and overflows from one tank of the recovered oil tank 56 flows into the adjacent tank and is sent by the pump 61 to the storage tank 58, a drum, or the like.

The oil that has not liquefied in the gas pipe 51 is condensed by the condenser 53, and the oil with a low flash point is recovered, and the recovered oil tank
Only the portion sent to 57 and overflowing to the adjacent tank is conveyed to the storage tank 58 or the drum by the pump 62.

Since the gas that has passed through the condenser 53 contains a large amount of low-molecular combustible gas that does not liquefy, it is supplied to the gas burner 48 through the water seal tank 54 for flashback prevention, and as a heat source for heating the dry distillation tank 12. use.

When the temperature in the dry distillation kettle 12 rises with the passage of time and a large amount of combustible gas is generated, even if the gas burner 48 is mainly burned, the temperature of the dry distillation kettle 12 rises too much. In such a case, first, weaken the combustion of the oil burner 44, and if it still heats up too much, operate the two-way control valve 66 to guide the surplus combustible gas to the normal combustion burner 64, burn it, and discharge it to the atmosphere. To do.

The temperature in the dry distillation kettle 12 is about 500 ° C. on average, and the temperature does not exceed 800 ° C. at the maximum. As a result, the agglomerates are exposed to high temperatures, the cutting oil contained inside is almost completely vaporized, and the carbonization is carried out in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, so nickel and chromium contained in the agglomerates are not oxidized. Can hold.

When the carbonization is almost completely finished, the generation of the polymer gas disappears, the load on the fan 16 is reduced, and the carbonization gas is not generated. Therefore, the temperature in the gas pipe 51 and the lid 11 are reduced.
Since the temperature of the water for cooling the flanges 18 and 19 also drops, any one or two or more phenomena are detected and the gas burner 48 and the oil burner 44 are turned off.

After the completion of dry distillation, the valve 71 is opened to introduce nitrogen from the nitrogen gas tank 72, and the gas remaining in the dry distillation tank 12 and the gas pipe 51 is expelled to prevent the oil from condensing and staying in the dry distillation tank 12 and the gas pipe 51. .

Thereafter, the valve 63 is stopped, the valve 69 is opened, and the fan 70 is driven to circulate the gas in the dry distillation tank 12 through the condenser 53. In this case, in order to prevent the temperature from decreasing and becoming a negative pressure, the valve 71 is opened at any time according to the pressure drop in the dry distillation kettle 12 to fill the inside with nitrogen.
Since the condenser 53 is cooled by the cooling tower 60 and the cooling water conveyed by the pump 73 is circulated, the temperature of the non-oxidizing gas inside is rapidly lowered, and the temperature of the mass of dry-distilled lumps is kept close to room temperature. Go down.

With the temperature of the lumps completely lowered (the temperature at which the lumps do not oxidize due to their own heat), the fan 70 is stopped, the lid 11 is opened, and the lumps inside are taken out. This completes the recycling of the stainless steel plate grinding scraps into steelmaking raw materials.
The oil content of the lumps taken out from the tank was measured to be 0.1% or less, and no progress of oxidation was observed at all.

In the above embodiment, the nitrogen gas atmosphere was used as the non-oxidizing atmosphere, but argon gas may be used.

〔The invention's effect〕

In the dry distillation apparatus of the present invention, the dry distillation vessel has a fan and an air conditioner for guiding an air flow to the fan, and the dry matter storage container is placed on a mounting table having a required height from the bottom of the dry distillation vessel. Moreover, since there is a sufficient gap between each member of the mounting table and also between the arranged dry distillation container and the inner wall of the dry distillation kettle, the air flow passes from the fan to the gap. And circulates from the bottom of the dry-distillate container through the inside. Therefore, the temperature inside the dry distillation tank rapidly becomes uniform,
Allows efficient carbonization.

In particular, in the dry distillation apparatus according to claim (2), since the dry distillation vessel has a circular cross section and the dry distillation storage container has a shape in which a cylindrical body is vertically divided into a plurality of sections, the dry distillation vessel is centered. It is possible to efficiently heat or cool the materials to be dried in the vicinity, and to combine each dry distillation product storage container into a columnar shape, so the handling of the container is easy and a large dry distillation tank can be manufactured. it can.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the carbonization kettle, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a dry distillation container, FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the flange of the carbonization kettle, and FIG. 5 is a carbonization equipment using the carbonization device. FIG. [Explanation of symbols] 10 …… Cryogenic distillation device, 11 …… Cover, 12 …… Cryogenic distillation pot, 13 …… Furnace,
14 …… Standing table, 15 …… Cryodes storage container, 16 …… Fan,
17 …… Baffle plate, 18, 19 …… Flange, 20 …… Discharge port, 21
...... Inlet, 22, 23 ...... Passage, 24 ...... Tightening bolt, 25
...... Clamps, 26 …… Mounting brackets, 27 …… Pins, 28, 29
...... Groove, 30, 31 …… Ring, 32 …… Mounting plate, 33 …… Rotating shaft, 34 …… Furnace frame, 35 …… Lever, 36 …… Hydraulic cylinder, 37 …… Guide plate, 38 …… Shaft, 39 ... pulley,
40 ... motor, 41 ... pulley, 42 ... suction port, 43 ...
… Manhole, 44 …… Oil burner, 45 …… Pilot burner, 46 …… Ignition device, 47 …… View window, 48 …… Gas burner, 51 …… Gas pipe, 52 …… Oil cooling device, 53 ……
Condenser, 54 …… Water seal tank, 56,57 …… Recovered oil tank, 58 …… Storage tank, 59 …… Combustion fan, 60 …… Cooling tower, 61,62 …… Pump, 63 …… Pulver, 64
...... Continuous burner, 65 …… Pump, 66 …… Two-way control valve,
67 …… Chimney, 68 …… LPG, 69 …… Valve, 70 …… Circulating fan, 71 …… Valve, 72 …… Nitrogen gas tank, 73 …… Pump

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Masayuki Inoue 3434 Shimada, Hikaru City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Inside the Komatsu Steel Works (72) Inventor Michio Shigeraki, 370 Sakata, Kimitsu City, Chiba Hamada Heavy Industries Co. Company Kimitsu Branch (72) Inventor Mitsuaki Mutoh 3434 Shimada, Hikari City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Hamada Heavy Industries Ltd.Hikari Branch (72) Inventor Hirogo Murakami 1-36 Makiyama, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Hamada Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Development Department

Claims (2)

[Claims] Claim: What is claimed is: 1. A dry distillation kettle having a lid that opens and closes at the top, a mounting table that is disposed at a predetermined height from the bottom of the dry distillation tank, and in which a sufficient gap is provided between each member, and the mounting table. The dry distillation container is detachably arranged on the top and has a predetermined gap with the inner wall of the dry distillation kettle, and the bottom has a net-like shape. A dry distillation apparatus comprising: an air conditioning plate that guides an air flow from the dry distillation container to the suction side of the fan; and a furnace that heats the dry distillation vessel. 2. The dry distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the dry distillation kettle has a circular cross section, and the dry distillation storage container has a shape obtained by equally dividing a column into a plurality of columns in the vertical direction.