JPH0741080B2 - Nerve cell connection method - Google Patents
Nerve cell connection methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0741080B2 JPH0741080B2 JP2289402A JP28940290A JPH0741080B2 JP H0741080 B2 JPH0741080 B2 JP H0741080B2 JP 2289402 A JP2289402 A JP 2289402A JP 28940290 A JP28940290 A JP 28940290A JP H0741080 B2 JPH0741080 B2 JP H0741080B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nerve
- electrode
- nerve cell
- side branch
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001087 myotubule Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 108010025020 Nerve Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000015336 Nerve Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940053128 nerve growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000004116 schwann cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000030363 nerve development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003061 neural cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000331 sympathetic ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、生体内の神経細胞を、互いに結合するための
神経細胞結合方法に関するものである。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a nerve cell binding method for binding nerve cells in a living body to each other.
神経発達の調節のメカニズムについては、ほとんど明ら
かにされていないのが現状である。しかし、外的あるい
は内的な因子については、いくつかの報告があり、外的
因子の例としては、マウス腫瘍中に含まれる知覚神経の
神経成長因子（NGF;Nerve Growthing Factor）が知られ
ている。At present, little is known about the mechanism of regulation of nerve development. However, there are some reports on external or internal factors, and as an example of the external factor, the nerve growth factor (NGF) of sensory nerve contained in mouse tumor is known. There is.
これを第３図で説明すると、交感神経節ニューロンの近
傍に標的細胞があるとき、標的細胞からはNGFが分泌さ
る（同図（ａ）図示）。すると、ニューロンからは軸索
が伸長し（同図（ｂ）図示）、遂には、標的細胞に達
し、両者は結合する（同図（ｃ）図示）。This will be explained with reference to FIG. 3. When a target cell is present near the sympathetic ganglion neuron, NGF is secreted from the target cell (shown in FIG. 3 (a)). Then, the axon extends from the neuron (shown in FIG. 2 (b)), finally reaches the target cell, and both are bound (shown in FIG. 2 (c)).
神経細胞の軸索から側枝が発芽、伸長することにより、
神経がシナプス結合するメカニズムは、第４図のように
説明されている。同図（ａ）のように、筋繊維A2〜D2に
神経細胞A1〜D1がつながっているものとする。このと
き、何らかの事情で神経細胞C1,D1が切断されたとする
と、筋繊維C2,D2は、もはや刺激に対して反応しない。
ところが、時間が経過すると神経細胞C1,D1の軸索から
側枝が発芽し、しだいに伸長し、２週間ほどで他の神経
細胞に結合してしまう。By sprouting and extending the side branch from the axon of the nerve cell,
The mechanism of nerve synaptic connection is explained as in FIG. As shown in (a) of the figure, it is assumed that the nerve cells A 1 to D 1 are connected to the muscle fibers A 2 to D 2 . At this time, if the nerve cells C 1 and D 1 are cut for some reason, the muscle fibers C 2 and D 2 no longer respond to the stimulus.
However, after a lapse of time, the side branch buds from the axons of the nerve cells C 1 and D 1 , gradually expands, and joins to other nerve cells in about 2 weeks.
しかし、このような自然的な神経細胞結合のメカニズム
によっていたのでは、２週間もの長い時間を要し、生体
から取り出された生物組織を用いた実験や、動物の治療
や動物実験に著しく不便である。このため、神経細胞の
スメーズな結合を実現することが望まれている。However, because of such a natural mechanism of neural cell connection, it takes a long time of 2 weeks, which is extremely inconvenient for experiments using biological tissues taken out of the living body, treatment of animals, and animal experiments. is there. For this reason, it is desired to realize smearing of nerve cells.
本発明は、かかる従来技術の欠点を克服し、神経細胞の
容易かつ確実な結合を可能にできる神経細胞結合方法を
提供することを目的とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a nerve cell binding method capable of overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art and enabling easy and reliable binding of nerve cells.
本発明者は、神経細胞の軸索の枝分かれ、伸長方向の決
定および促進の外的因子として、媒地中に含まれる特異
な物質（例えば成長因子蛋白質）が外部電界により泳動
する事が考えられると推測し、本発明を完成した。The present inventor considers that a specific substance (eg, growth factor protein) contained in the medium migrates by an external electric field as an external factor for determining and promoting the branching and elongation direction of axons of nerve cells. Therefore, the present invention was completed.
すなわち、本発明の神経細胞結合方法は、生体から取り
出された生物組織中、あるいは人体以外の生体中の、一
方の神経細胞の軸索から側枝を発芽させ、この側枝を他
方の神経細胞の軸索近傍へ導くことにより、一方と他方
の神経細胞を結合する方法において、側枝の発芽位置の
近傍に第１の電極を配置すると共に、側枝が他方の神経
細胞の軸索と結合する位置の近傍に第２の電極を配置
し、第１の電極を正、第２の電極を負とする直流電圧を
印加して側枝の発芽および伸長方向を誘導することを特
徴とする。ここで、一方の神経細胞に刺激を与えて他方
の神経細胞で反応を感知し、または他方の神経細胞に刺
激を与えて一方の神経細胞で反応を感知することにより
神経細胞の結合を監視し、反応を感知したときは直流電
圧の印加を停止するようにしてもよい。That is, the nerve cell binding method of the present invention, in a biological tissue taken out of a living body, or in a living body other than the human body, germinates a side branch from the axon of one nerve cell, and this side branch is sown in the axis of the other nerve cell. In the method of connecting one and the other nerve cells by guiding them to the vicinity of the cord, the first electrode is arranged near the germination position of the side branch, and the vicinity of the position where the side branch connects to the axon of the other nerve cell. A second electrode is arranged in the first electrode, and a DC voltage with the first electrode positive and the second electrode negative is applied to induce the germination and extension direction of the side branch. Here, one nerve cell is stimulated to sense the response in the other nerve cell, or the other nerve cell is stimulated to sense the response in one nerve cell to monitor the nerve cell connection. The application of the DC voltage may be stopped when the reaction is sensed.
本発明によれば、側枝の発芽位置を正の電位、側枝が結
合すべき位置を負の電位とする外部電界が印加されるの
で、側枝の発芽および伸長は一方の神経細胞から他方の
神経細胞へと、スムーズに促進される。このため、著し
い短期間でな神経結合が可能になる。また、一方あるい
は他方の神経細胞に刺激を与え、反対の神経細胞の反応
を感知すれば、神経細胞が結合したか否かをモニタでき
るので、このモニタ結果にもとづいて前述の外部電界の
印加を停止すれば、神経細胞の結合に際して過度を負担
を与えることもない。According to the present invention, an external electric field is applied in which the germination position of the side branch is a positive potential and the position where the side branch is to be bonded is a negative potential, so that the germination and elongation of the side branch are performed from one nerve cell to the other nerve cell. It is promoted smoothly. Therefore, neural connection can be achieved in a significantly short period of time. Also, by stimulating one or the other nerve cell and sensing the reaction of the opposite nerve cell, it is possible to monitor whether or not the nerve cells have bound. If it is stopped, it does not impose an excessive burden on the connection of nerve cells.
以下、添付図面を参照して本発明の実施例を説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図は実施例方法の説明図であり、微笑電流により神
経細胞を結合するメカニズムを、模式的に示している。
まず、同図（ａ）に示すように、右側の神経細胞が、２
個目と３個目のシュワン細胞の間で、何らかの原因で切
断されたとする。この場合には、左側の神経細胞の２個
目と３個目のシュワン細胞の間に第１の電極11をセット
し、右側の神経細胞の１個目と２個目のシュワン細胞の
間に第２の電極12をセットする。そして、第１の電極11
を正電位、第２の電極12を負電位として微小電流を与え
続ける。すると、左側の神経細胞の第１の電極11近傍の
軸索から、側枝が発芽して第２の電極12の方向に伸長す
る（同図（ｂ）図示）。そして、遂には左側の神経細胞
の側枝は、右側の神経細胞の軸索につながり、２つの神
経細胞は結合される。この場合、第１の電極11と第２の
電極12の間の電界は一般的には数十mV/cm程度で十分で
あり、30分ないし数時間程度で結合を完了できる。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an example method, and schematically shows a mechanism of connecting nerve cells by a smiling current.
First, as shown in (a) of FIG.
It is assumed that there is some kind of disconnection between the third and third Schwann cells. In this case, the first electrode 11 is set between the second and third Schwann cells of the left nerve cell, and between the first and second Schwann cells of the right nerve cell. The second electrode 12 is set. Then, the first electrode 11
Is a positive potential and the second electrode 12 is a negative potential, and a minute current is continuously applied. Then, the side branch buds from the axon in the vicinity of the first electrode 11 of the nerve cell on the left side and extends in the direction of the second electrode 12 (shown in the same figure (b)). Finally, the side branch of the left nerve cell is connected to the axon of the right nerve cell, and the two nerve cells are connected. In this case, the electric field between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 is generally sufficient to be several tens of mV / cm, and the bonding can be completed in about 30 minutes to several hours.
第２図は上記実施例方法により、微小電流によって神経
細胞を結合するシステムを、模式図にて示している。な
お、生体（例えばマウス）からは切開によって筋繊維と
神経細胞が露出させられ、この生体は作業台（図示せ
ず）の所定の位置にセットされているとする。作業台の
上方には、生体を望むように光学レンズ21とCCDカメラ2
2が配設され、CCDカメラ22の出力（ビデオ信号）はTVモ
ニタ23に送られている。光学レンズ21とCCDカメラ22は
フレーム24に移動可能に取り付けられ、生体の所望の位
置を観察できるようになっている。生体の神経細胞には
たとえばプラチナからなる第１の電極11と第２の電極12
が突き立てられ、この第１の電極11第２の電極12の基端
を保持する本体ケース10は、マニピュレータ25に取り付
けられている。そして、マニピュレータ25はフレーム24
から伸びるアーム26の先端に固定されている。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a system for connecting nerve cells by a minute electric current by the method of the above embodiment. It is assumed that muscle fibers and nerve cells are exposed from a living body (for example, a mouse) by incision, and the living body is set at a predetermined position on a workbench (not shown). Above the work table, an optical lens 21 and a CCD camera 2
2 is provided, and the output (video signal) of the CCD camera 22 is sent to the TV monitor 23. The optical lens 21 and the CCD camera 22 are movably attached to the frame 24 so that a desired position of the living body can be observed. For the nerve cells of a living body, a first electrode 11 and a second electrode 12 made of platinum, for example, are used.
The main body case 10 holding the base ends of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 is attached to the manipulator 25. And the manipulator 25 is a frame 24
It is fixed to the tip of an arm 26 extending from.
一方、生体には神経細胞を電気的に刺激するため刺激用
電極31と、上記の刺激による反応を感知するモニタ用電
極32が突き立てられており、これら電極31,32はパルス
ジェネレータ33とオシロスコープ34に接続されている。
ここで、パルスジェネレータ33は生体の神経細胞を刺激
するパルス電圧を、所定の時間間隔で発生する。また、
オシロスコープ34は、パルスジェネレータ33から生成さ
れて刺激用電極31を介して生体に与えられた刺激パルス
の波形と、モニタ用電極32で検出された反応パルスの波
形を、同一時間スケールで表示する。On the other hand, a living body is provided with a stimulating electrode 31 for electrically stimulating nerve cells, and a monitor electrode 32 for sensing the reaction due to the above stimulus, and these electrodes 31, 32 are a pulse generator 33 and an oscilloscope. Connected to 34.
Here, the pulse generator 33 generates a pulse voltage that stimulates nerve cells in the living body at predetermined time intervals. Also,
The oscilloscope 34 displays the waveform of the stimulation pulse generated from the pulse generator 33 and applied to the living body via the stimulation electrode 31 and the waveform of the reaction pulse detected by the monitoring electrode 32 on the same time scale.
次に、上記のシステムを用いて神経細胞の結合を行なう
手順を説明する。まず、生体を作業台に固定し、光学レ
ンズ21の倍率や焦点距離、フレーム24上の位置などを調
節し、TVモニタ23で生体の作業部分を観察する。次に、
マニピュレータ25を操作して第１の電極11と第２の電極
12を生体組織の所定の位置（神経の結合位置）に突き立
て、更に刺激用電極31とモニタ用電極32を生体に突き立
てる。ここで、電極31,32は結合すべき神経細胞の一方
と他方の端部に突き立てる。次いで、図示しないコント
ローラを制御して、第１の電極11と第２の電極12の間に
直流電圧を印加し、この電極11,12間の生体内に微小電
流を流す。そして、微小電流を流している間は、一定の
時間間隔でパルスジェネレータ33より刺激用電極31を介
して生体に電気的刺激を与え、その反応をモニタ用電極
32を介してオシロスコープ34で観察する。そして、刺激
に対する反応が現れたら、目的の細胞結合が完了したと
判断し、第１の電極11と第２の電極12への電圧印加を停
止する。以上により、神経細胞の一方の軸索から側枝を
発芽、伸長させ、他方の神経細胞に結合する作業が終了
する。Next, a procedure for connecting nerve cells using the above system will be described. First, the living body is fixed to a workbench, the magnification and focal length of the optical lens 21, the position on the frame 24, etc. are adjusted, and the working portion of the living body is observed on the TV monitor 23. next,
The manipulator 25 is operated to operate the first electrode 11 and the second electrode.
12 is pushed to a predetermined position (connecting position of nerve) of the living tissue, and further, the stimulation electrode 31 and the monitoring electrode 32 are pushed to the living body. Here, the electrodes 31 and 32 are thrust at one end and the other end of the nerve cell to be connected. Then, by controlling a controller (not shown), a DC voltage is applied between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, and a minute current is made to flow in the living body between the electrodes 11 and 12. Then, while a minute current is flowing, the pulse generator 33 gives an electrical stimulus to the living body via the stimulating electrode 31 at regular time intervals, and the reaction is monitored by the monitoring electrode.
Observe with oscilloscope 34 through 32. Then, when a reaction to the stimulus appears, it is determined that the target cell coupling is completed, and the voltage application to the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 is stopped. As described above, the work of sprouting and extending the side branch from one axon of the nerve cell and connecting it to the other nerve cell is completed.
次に、本発明者による具体的な実験を説明する。Next, a specific experiment by the present inventor will be described.
まず、生きたマウスを用意し、切開によって筋繊維と神
経細胞を露出させ、第２図のような実験台にセットし
た。ここで、第１の電極11としては、白金ブラックを施
した0.1mm径の白金針を用い、30mV/cmの電界を印加し
た。いくつかの神経細胞について試みたが、ほとんどの
サンプルにおいて、５時間程度の処理で細胞の結合が確
認できた。First, a living mouse was prepared, the muscle fibers and nerve cells were exposed by incision, and the mouse was set on an experimental table as shown in FIG. Here, as the first electrode 11, a platinum needle having a diameter of 0.1 mm and platinum black was used, and an electric field of 30 mV / cm was applied. Although some nerve cells were tried, cell binding could be confirmed by treatment for about 5 hours in most samples.
以上、詳細に説明した通り、本発明の神経細胞結合方法
によれば、外部電界が印加されることにより、側枝の発
芽および伸長は一方の神経細胞から他方の神経細胞へ
と、スムーズに促進される。このため、著しい短期間で
の神経結合が可能になる。また、神経細胞に刺激を与え
て反応を感知することで、結合したか否かわモニタでき
るので、このモニタ結果にもとづいて前述の外部電界の
印加を停止すれば、神経細胞の結合に際して過度の負担
を与えることもない。このため、本発明によれば、神経
細胞の容易かつ確実な結合を可能にできる。As described above in detail, according to the nerve cell coupling method of the present invention, by applying an external electric field, sprouting and elongation of side branches are smoothly promoted from one nerve cell to the other nerve cell. It Therefore, the nerve connection can be performed in a significantly short period of time. Also, by stimulating the nerve cells and sensing the reaction, it is possible to monitor whether or not they are bound, so if the application of the external electric field described above is stopped based on this monitoring result, an excessive burden will be imposed on the binding of the nerve cells. Also does not give. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily and surely connect nerve cells.
第１図は本発明の実施例に係る微小電流による神経細胞
の結合を模式的に示す図、第２図は実施例の神経細胞結
合方法を適用したシステムの構成を示す図、第３図は神
経の発達のメカニズムを示す図、第４図は軸索の発芽に
よるシナプス結合の変化を示す図である。 11……第１の電極、12……第２ので電極、25……マニピ
ュレータ、21……光学レンズ、22……CCDカメラ、31…
…刺激用電極、32……モニタ用電極、33……パルスジェ
ネレータ、34……オシロスコープ。FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the coupling of nerve cells by a minute current according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of a system to which the nerve cell coupling method of the embodiment is applied, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the mechanism of nerve development, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing changes in synaptic connections due to sprouting of axons. 11 ...... first electrode, 12 ... second electrode, 25 ... manipulator, 21 ... optical lens, 22 ... CCD camera, 31 ...
… Stimulation electrode, 32 …… Monitor electrode, 33 …… Pulse generator, 34 …… Oscilloscope.
Claims (2)
索から側枝を発芽させ、この側枝を他方の神経細胞の軸
索近傍へ導くことにより、前記一方と他方の神経細胞を
結合する方法において、 前記側枝の発芽位置の近傍に第１の電極を配置すると共
に、前記側枝が前記他方の神経細胞の軸索と結合する位
置の近傍に第２の電極を配置し、 前記第１の電極を正、前記第２の電極を負とする直流電
圧を印加して前記側枝の発芽および伸長方向を誘導する
ことを特徴とする神経細胞結合方法。1. A sprouting side branch from an axon of one nerve cell in a living body other than the human body and guiding the side branch to the vicinity of the axon of the other nerve cell to connect the one and the other nerve cells. In the method, the first electrode is arranged in the vicinity of the germination position of the side branch, and the second electrode is arranged in the vicinity of the position where the side branch is combined with the axon of the other nerve cell. A method for coupling nerve cells, characterized in that a direct current voltage is applied to the electrode of (1) and the second electrode is to be negative to induce the germination and extension directions of the side branch.
方の神経細胞で反応を感知し、または前記他方の神経細
胞に刺激を与えて前記一方の神経細胞で反応を感知する
ことにより神経細胞の結合を監視し、前記反応を感知し
たときは前記直流電圧の印加を停止する請求項１記載の
神経細胞結合方法。2. A nerve by stimulating one of the nerve cells to sense a reaction in the other nerve cell, or stimulating the other nerve cell to sense a reaction in the one nerve cell. The nerve cell binding method according to claim 1, wherein cell binding is monitored, and when the reaction is sensed, the application of the DC voltage is stopped.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2289402A JPH0741080B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Nerve cell connection method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2289402A JPH0741080B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Nerve cell connection method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04161170A JPH04161170A (en) | 1992-06-04 |
| JPH0741080B2 true JPH0741080B2 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
Family
ID=17742770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2289402A Expired - Fee Related JPH0741080B2 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | Nerve cell connection method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0741080B2 (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-10-26 JP JP2289402A patent/JPH0741080B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04161170A (en) | 1992-06-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7218963B2 (en) | Fencing of cardiac muscles | |
| US8160696B2 (en) | Nerve stimulator and method using simultaneous electrical and optical signals | |
| JP4065027B2 (en) | Myocardial fencing | |
| US7616999B2 (en) | System for generating a cochlear implant program using multi-electrode stimulation to elicit the electrically-evoked compound action potential | |
| US8498699B2 (en) | Method and nerve stimulator using simultaneous electrical and optical signals | |
| Fridman et al. | Safe direct current stimulation to expand capabilities of neural prostheses | |
| US6668190B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for activating molecules to stimulate neurological tissue | |
| US20150320550A1 (en) | Tip elements for cochlear implants | |
| US20070242743A1 (en) | Unipolar Electric Pulse Generator | |
| Della Santina et al. | Electrical stimulation to restore vestibular function development of a 3-d vestibular prosthesis | |
| EP0486177B1 (en) | Apparatus for current-assisted nerve cell connection | |
| US7783360B2 (en) | Sensory system | |
| JPH0741080B2 (en) | Nerve cell connection method | |
| CN101411920A (en) | Multichannel micro-current stimulator in vitro | |
| Fallon et al. | Principles of recording from and electrical stimulation of neural tissue | |
| US7783363B2 (en) | Neural bridge gateway and calibrator | |
| Troyk et al. | Multichannel cortical stimulation for restoration of vision | |
| CN101243967B (en) | Implantation type electrostimulation information feedback device | |
| Hiramoto et al. | Precisely controlled visual stimulation to study experience-dependent neural plasticity in Xenopus tadpoles | |
| Hossain et al. | Chronic 2-photon calcium imaging through transparent PEDOT: PSS microelectrode arrays in awake mice | |
| Hayashida et al. | Multichannel stimulation module as a tool for animal studies on cortical neural prostheses | |
| KR20200042276A (en) | Skull mounted transcranial electric stimulation system for rodent | |
| Qi et al. | Protocol for behavioral and neural recording during stimulation of the macaque monkey nucleus basalis | |
| Paul et al. | Biomedical data visualization and clinical decision-making in rodents using a multi-usage wireless brain stimulator with a novel embedded design | |
| Barriga-Rivera et al. | An experimental setup for in vivo electrophysiological investigation in retinal prosthesis |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |