JPH07207254A - Cutting blade obtained by electrodeposition of abrasive grain - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain abrasive grains giving a long-life cutting blade suited for use in cutting a hard and brittle material such as a reinforced plastic by forming a film of either a nickel-based soft magnetic material or a cobalt-based hard magnetic material by plating on the surface of abrasive grains. CONSTITUTION:A film of either a soft magnetic material, e.g. nickel or a nickel alloy, or a hard magnetic material, e.g. cobalt or a cobalt alloy, is formed on the surfaces of abrasive grains by electrolytic or electroless plating to obtain magnetic abrasive grains. These grains are suspended in an electroless plating bath and a metal base is immersed in the bath. The base is then magnetized with an electromagnetic coil so that the edge of the base severs as a magnetic pole. Thus, the grains suspended in the bath are magnetically adsorbed onto the magnetized edge. The magnetically adsorbed grains are fixed to one another and to the base by electrodeposition in an electroless plating bath to produce a cutting blade. This blade is suited for use in cutting, e.g. a glass-fiber- reinforced plastics.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to silicon, ceramics, glass, stone, reinforced plastic containing glass fiber, reinforced plastic containing carbon fiber,
The present invention relates to a cutting blade for cutting and processing hard and brittle materials such as reinforced plastic containing ceramic fibers.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for cutting hard and brittle materials such as silicon, ceramics, and reinforced plastics containing various fibers, a disk-shaped blade saw is on the entire circumference of the base metal, and a band-shaped band saw is the base. A cutting blade in which diamond, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide, titanium boride, alumina, or other abrasive grains or composite grains are fixed to the entire length of the blade edge on one side by electroplating by the plating method. It is used. The manufacturing method of this cutting blade is as follows. (A) Place the base metal of the cutting blade on the bottom of the plating bath. (B) Abrasive grains are suspended in the plating bath, and the suspended abrasive grains are gravity deposited on the base metal by their own weight. (C) Using the accumulated abrasive grains as a cutting blade, excess abrasive grains are blown off to obtain a suitable shape and amount. (D) Apply a plating current for a short time to lightly fix the abrasive grains and temporarily attach them to form the cutting edge. (E) The base metal having a cutting edge formed of abrasive grains is taken out, inverted, and placed on the bottom of the plating bath with the lower surface on which the abrasive grains are not electrodeposited facing upward. (F) The operations of a to d are repeated to form the cutting edge of the abrasive grains on the lower surface thereof. (G) Take out the temporarily attached base metal from the plating bath,
Make the abrasive grain part a satisfactory edge shape. (H) In order to more strongly fix the temporary abrasive grains formed with the blade edge, the temporary abrasive grains are immersed again in the plating bath to increase the plating current and perform plating for a long time. The cutting blade manufactured by this process has a single layer of abrasive grains and is electro-deposited on the side of the edge of the base metal. Nickel plating is mainly used for plating.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

(I) Problem of Electrodeposited Abrasive Grains In the conventional manufacturing method utilizing immersion of abrasive grains, the upper and lower side surfaces (1) and (2) of the blade edge are electrodeposited, but the end surface (3) required as a blade edge. Is not electrodeposited on. Therefore, the performance cannot be exhibited as the blade tip surface (3) necessary for cutting. (B) Problem of blade life The conventional manufacturing method, in which only one layer of abrasive grains is electrodeposited, has the advantage that the protrusion of the abrasive grains is good and the sharpness is good, but the life of the blade will be extended if these grains are eliminated. For this reason, there have been problems that the tool life is reached while the base metal is still in a sufficiently usable state, and that the number of times the tool is replaced increases and work efficiency decreases. (L) Problem of self-reaction of abrasive grains In the conventional manufacturing method, nickel plating is generally used because it is suitable for bonding the abrasive grains together and adhering to the base metal. Therefore, the binding force of the abrasive grains and the adhesive force to the base metal are the same as the nickel plating strength and are constant. This is because the autogenous action of the abrasive grains changes depending on the material to be cut, so that the strength of nickel plating is too high to cause clogging of the grindstone, or too low to cause the abrasive grains to fall off quickly. Therefore, the optimum autogenic effect was obtained only in a limited material range. As an abrasive grain electrodeposition blade for cutting various materials, nickel plating has a problem in fixing strength. (E) Problem of high manufacturing cost of blades With conventional manufacturing methods, it is not possible to electrodeposit and fix abrasive grains on both sides of the base metal at the same time. Further, electrodeposition plating requires three steps of temporary attachment and permanent attachment. Therefore, the long time required for the electrodeposition work of the abrasive grains raises the manufacturing cost, which is a problem.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

(I) Abrasive grains With respect to the electrodeposited blade edge, the abrasive grains are made magnetic. Diamond, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide, titanium boride, and alumina are used for the abrasive grains used for the cutting blade, but they are non-magnetic and do not become magnetic even when magnetized, so they are not attracted by magnetism. . Therefore, a soft magnetic plating film or a hard magnetic plating film is formed by electroless plating to obtain a magnetic material. By using this magnetic material, it is attracted to the magnetic poles or magnetically attracted by the residual magnetism after being magnetized. Ni-Fe or Ni-Fe for soft magnetic plating film
-Co is preferred, but Ni or Fe-Ni may be used. Hard magnetic plating film is Co-Ni-P / Co-P / Co-
Ni is preferred and Co-Ni-Mn-P.Co-Mn-
Re-P / Co-Ni-Re-P may be used. The thickness of the coating is small for light and thin abrasive grains, but it is magnetically attracted by magnetization even if it is thin, but for large and heavy ones, it is thick so that the magnetic force can be increased. Therefore, the thickness is determined by the size and weight of the abrasive grains and the material of the magnetic film. (I) The magnetic attraction force is used for the abrasive grain electrodeposition blade edge. In the case of abrasive grains having a soft magnetic plating film formed The abrasive grains having a soft magnetic plating film formed on the surface have characteristics as a soft magnetic material. The base metal (6) is immersed in an electroless plating bath in which abrasive grains are suspended as shown in (Fig. 3) and (Fig. 4). After immersion, the blade edge surface of the base metal (1)
(2) Magnetization is performed by the electromagnetic coil (4) so that (3) becomes a magnetic pole. Abrasive grains floating in the electroless plating bath are attracted and magnetically attracted to the blade edge surfaces (1), (2) and (3) of the base metal that have become magnetic poles due to the magnetization. The magnetically adsorbed abrasive grains are fixed by electrodeposition of the abrasive grains, the abrasive grains, and the abrasive grains and the base metal by the electroless plating bath. In particular, the disc-shaped blade saw can be fixed in the entire circumference by electrodeposition by rotating the blade saw in the direction of the arrow shown in (Fig. 3). The desired amount of abrasive grains is fixed to the blade tip surface (1) (2) (3) of the base metal, the base metal is taken out from the plating bath, and the abrasive grain electrodeposited on the base metal blade surface is suitable for the blade tip. Correct the shape. In particular, in the case of a disc shape as shown in (Fig. 3), a concave jig suitable for the cutting edge can be set at a place protruding from the liquid surface to omit the correction step. The base metal is immersed in an electroless plating bath in which no abrasive grains are floating, and plating is performed for a long time so that the abrasive grains and the abrasive grains and the abrasive grains and the base metal are firmly fixed. In the case of abrasive particles having a hard magnetic plating film formed thereon The abrasive particles having a hard magnetic plating film formed on the surface have characteristics as a hard magnetic material. As shown in (Fig. 5) and (Fig. 6), a base metal is inserted into the abrasive grains (8). Magnetization is performed by the electromagnetic coil (4) so that the blade edges (1), (2) and (3) of the inserted base metal serve as magnetic poles. Due to the magnetization, the abrasive grains are magnetically attracted to the blade edge surface of the base metal that has become a magnetic pole.
After being attached, the electromagnetic coil (4) is turned off, and the base metal is taken out of the electromagnetic coil (4) and the abrasive grains (8). Since the abrasive grains are a hard magnetic substance, a large residual magnetism remains after being magnetized and remains attached to the edge surface of the base metal.
Abrasive grains attached to the cutting edges (1) (2) (3) of the base metal are
Modify so that the shape is suitable for the cutting edge. A base metal whose blade shape has been modified is immersed in an electroless plating bath, and plating is performed for a long time so that the abrasive grains and the abrasive grains and the abrasive grains and the base metal are firmly fixed to each other. The binding force of the abrasive grains fixed by electrodeposition is not optimum unless it is changed according to the cutting conditions of the material to be cut. Therefore, those that do not require a large bonding force are copper-copper alloys, such as Cu-Zn-Cu-Sn.
-Cu-Ni or tin-tin based alloy, for example Sn-C
o.Sn-Cu.Sn-Ni and the like are suitable. The ones that require a large bonding force are nickel-nickel alloys,
Ni-W / Ni-P / Ni-Co / Ni-Mn / Ni-
Fe or the like is suitable. By changing the binding force of the abrasive grains in this way, it is possible to prevent clogging and falling of the abrasive grains and obtain optimum conditions for the self-generated action and wear of the cutting edge. (G) Regarding the life of the blade, the blade edge of the base metal and the abrasive grains are bonded by low-temperature brazing. Increasing the cutting speed results in heavy cutting and a large force is applied to the abrasive grains. If the adhesive force between the abrasive grains and the base metal is weak, it peels off quickly and falls off, making heavy cutting impossible. In order to increase this adhesive force, a film of a self-flushing low melting point brazing material is formed on the blade tip surfaces (1), (2) and (3) of the base metal. Abrasive grains are fixed to this brazing material film by electrodeposition, and the blade tip surfaces (1), (2) and (3) of the base metal are heated to the brazing temperature to melt the brazing material and use the abrasive grains as the base metal. Adhesive with brazing to strengthen the adhesive force. The self-flushing type low melting point brazing material shown in the table below is suitable. Even if a cutting process by heavy cutting for a long time is performed by the bonding with brazing, there is no problem in that the abrasive grains fall off due to the insufficient adhesive force of the abrasive grains to the base metal. Further, since this brazing material film has a low melting point and is a self-flushing type, the brazing temperature is low and no brazing flux is required. Abrasive grains such as diamond do not deteriorate due to heating, cleaning for flux removal, and corrosion due to residual flux. However, a general low melting point brazing material using flux can also be used. As the heating for brazing, a method capable of concentrating and heating on the blade tip surfaces (1), (2) and (3) is preferable like high frequency induction heating, but flame heating is also possible.

[0005]

[Operation] By making the abrasive grains magnetic and utilizing the magnetic adsorption phenomenon, it is possible to electrodeposit the abrasive grains on the blade tip surface (3), which was difficult previously. Although it could not be done, it was possible to make multiple layers. It was possible to simultaneously attach the abrasive grains to the blade tip surfaces (1), (2) and (3) in one process, which was a process of three times. As a result, we were able to solve the problems of improving the electrodeposition of abrasive grain electrodeposition, extending the life of the blade, and reducing the manufacturing cost of the blade. The strength of the bonding force between the abrasive grains can be changed depending on the material of the electrodeposition plating that bonds the abrasive grains magnetically attracted in multiple layers. By changing the bonding force here, the clogging between the abrasive grains and the dropping of the abrasive grains were optimized, and the self-propelled action of the electrodeposition type cutting blade of multilayer abrasive grains was made possible. By prolonging the service life of blades used for electrodeposition of multi-layered abrasive grains, it becomes possible to prevent the peeling of the abrasive grains and the base metal that occurs during long-term use of the blades by brazing. These enable an electrodeposition type cutting blade of multilayer abrasive grains having excellent cutting performance and long life.

[0006]

【Example】

(Example-1) Cutting blade type: Diamond abrasive grain electrodeposition type (whole circumference adhesion) Shape: Outer diameter 4 in x plate thickness 2.1 mm Base metal: Carbon tool steel (SK-5) Cutting material: Granite shape : Thickness 15 mm x width 500 mm x length 1000 m
m Cutting conditions Lubrication: Dry cutting Speed: Feed 15 mm / min × peripheral speed 0.47 mm / m
in Cutting Machine: Circular Saw Machine for Woodworking The above was cut into a width of 100 mm and a length of 1000 mm. As a result, the cutting blade of the present invention has a blade life of about 7.5 times longer due to the thickness (2.5 mm) of the abrasive grain layer, the strength between the abrasive grains, and the adhesive strength between the abrasive grains and the base metal. In addition, the last cut surface where the life of the blade was exhausted was clean without any trace of uneven roughness and no clogging occurred. (Example-2) Cutting blade type: Diamond abrasive grain electrodeposition type (whole circumference attachment) Shape: Outer diameter 4 in x plate thickness 1.8 mm Base metal: Carbon tool steel (SK-5) Cutting material: Concrete shape : Floor surface thickness 15 mm Cutting condition lubrication: Dry cutting Speed: Feeding 15 mm / min x peripheral speed 1 m / min Cutting machine: Floor cutting machine The floor surface was cut into grooves as described above. as a result,
The cutting blade of the present invention has a blade life of about 9 depending on the thickness of the abrasive grain layer (5.0 mm), the strength between the abrasive grains, and the adhesive strength between the abrasive grains and the base metal.
Doubled. Further, even at the end of the life of the blade, there was no run-out of the cutting edge surface, partial drop of abrasive grains, or clogging of meandering.

[0007]

Since the surface of the abrasive grains is coated with the magnetic substance plating film to form the magnetic substance, the magnetic attraction phenomenon of the magnetic substance can be utilized. As a result, the blade tip surface required as a cutting blade tip, which has been impossible in the past, is made into a magnetic pole and attached to the entire surface of the blade tip.
Further, by changing the magnetic strength of the blade tip surface, the abrasive grains can be attached to any desired thickness from one layer to multiple layers. The binding force between the abrasive grains that are attracted by magnetic attraction can be changed depending on the plating material, so the optimum self-supporting action of the cutting edge and long tool life can be obtained according to the material of the material to be cut and the cutting conditions. . Heavy cutting as abrasive grain electrodeposited blade by brazing multi-layer electrodeposited abrasive grain, electrodeposited abrasive grain on the entire surface of the blade, and electrodeposited abrasive grain enabling optimum self-reaction Made possible. By doing so, it will be possible to improve the quality of the blade, extend the life of the blade, and reduce the cost of the blade.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view and a sectional view of a conventional blade saw.

FIG. 2 is a front view and a sectional view of a conventional band saw.

FIG. 3 is a method of manufacturing a blade saw blade soft magnetic material of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a manufacturing method diagram for a band saw blade soft magnetic material of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a method of manufacturing a blade saw blade hard magnetic material of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a method of manufacturing a band saw blade hard magnetic material of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 unit metal blade tip side surface 2 unit metal blade tip side surface 3 unit metal blade tip surface 4 electromagnetic coil 5 electroless plating bath containing abrasive grains 6 powder bath coated with hard magnetic material

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location B24D 5/12 Z

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An abrasive grain in which a magnetic substance is formed by forming a soft magnetic coating such as nickel or a nickel alloy or a hard magnetic coating such as cobalt or a cobalt alloy on the surface of the abrasive grain by electroplating or electroless plating. 2. A magnetic substance abrasive grain adsorbed by a magnetic attraction force is replaced with copper or copper-based alloy / nickel or nickel-based alloy /
Abrasive cutting edge segment made of tin, tin-based alloy, cobalt or cobalt-based alloy, etc., firmly bonded by electroless plating. 3. The brazing material film obtained by adsorbing and bonding the abrasive grains according to (claim 1) to the blade tip portion of the base metal of the cutting blade according to (claim 2), and coating the base metal blade tip surface of the cutting blade, Multi-layer abrasive grain electrodeposition type cutting blade made of brazing material and bonded with brazing.