JPH07164188A - Method of reversing column like subject and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To safely reverse a work having projection or a complicated shape even with a single person and to reverse a column like subject so as to make it convenient for a worker to execute flat welding using this device as welding positioner by supporting nearby both end parts of the work from its periphery, ascending and reversing it. CONSTITUTION:Portal columns 3 are erected on a truck 2 having four wheels, two screws 4 are installed in a space inside the portal, and an elevating stand 12 to move vertically by the rotation of the screw 4 is installed. This stand 12 moves vertically the column like work A on the truck 2, clamps, rotates it, tightens the work A vertically and horizontally with claws 10 of four arms 5 as a clamping mechanism, supports the weight of the work A, rotates the work A by rotary shafts 7, and then holds it at an arbitrary position by the elevating stand. In such a way, the reversing operation of the work A can be made easy, and the welding quality and efficiency of the flat welding are improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for reversing a columnar object, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for reversing a box girder, an H-shaped girder and the like when manufacturing a bridge as a welding positioner.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Columnar objects, for example, large structures such as box girder bridges are generally manufactured by arc welding. First, the structure is assembled and tack welded. As a result, the shapes of large structures such as box girder bridges are maintained. Next, the main welding is performed on this, but in the main welding, the welding position must be downward welding in order to improve the quality of the welded portion and improve work efficiency. Therefore, in manufacturing such a thing, it is an indispensable process to invert a large structure such as a box girder bridge (hereinafter referred to as “work”).
Degree inversion is an essential step.

Conventionally, such reversal work has been performed as follows. (1), as shown in FIG. 11 (a), the hanging metal fitting (35) is attached to the work (box girder) (A), the work is lifted by the crane, and the corner is lightly rotated by 90 degrees. Crane system that repeats twice. (2), L-shaped reversing device (36) as shown in FIG. 11 (b)
L-shaped reversal method in which the work (A) is placed and reversed. (3), as shown in FIG. 12 (d), the chain or wire (37) is wound around two points in the longitudinal direction of the work (A), and the chain or wire (37) is powered to rotate the work (A).
Inverting chain or wire large inversion type. (4) After inserting the work (A) into the pair of rings (38) as shown in FIG. 12 (e) and supporting the work (A) from four sides by the screws (39) provided on the ring (38) , A ring-type reversing method in which a ring is rotated by a driving roller (40) to be reversed.

[0004]

However, in the above-mentioned crane method (1), there is a risk that slinging work may be dangerous and that the work (A) may be damaged. According to the L-shaped reversing device (36) of (2), a box girder having protrusions (41) at four corners of the work (A) becomes an L-shaped reversing device as shown in FIG. 11C. There was a problem that it could not be placed stably, and a problem that the protruding portion was broken. The inversion method using a chain or wire of the above (3) has the advantage that there is no restriction on the cross-sectional shape of the work (A) and that any shape can be inverted, but when using a chain, the corner of the work (A) Since the chain is scratched on the part, it is necessary to put a pad on the corner, which is troublesome. Also, in the structure with a protrusion as shown in FIG. 11 (c), the protrusion of the work is bent when inverted. , It cannot be used unless a reinforcing material is installed to prevent this, and again, it requires several workers for inversion, and use of the wire may cause breakage of the wire, There was a problem in that it was dangerous.

In the inversion method using the ring (38) of (4), the equipment cost is high, the operation of the screw (39) for supporting the work (A) is troublesome, and the sectional shape of the work (A) is Many of them change in the length direction, for example, most bridges have an arched shape, and the work (A) as shown in FIG. 12 (f) cannot be inserted into the ring (38). This inversion method can be used only for a straight box girder whose cross-sectional shape of the work (A) changes little in the lengthwise direction, and there is a problem that it is not possible to support those having a different cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction.

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method of reversing a columnar object in the longitudinal direction as an axis, wherein both ends of the columnar object in the longitudinal direction are at least vertically and horizontally by claws. Tighten at four points and support the weight of the columnar object, raise it, give arbitrary rotation to the columnar object about the position of the center of gravity of both end faces of the columnar object, and then hold it at any position This is a method for inverting a columnar object.

Further, an elevator which moves up and down in a plane substantially vertical to the longitudinal direction of the columnar object is provided on the carriage, a rotary shaft and a rotary arm are provided on the elevator, and a claw for clamping the columnar object is provided on the rotary arm. A columnar object reversing device, characterized in that at least four of them are arranged, and a mechanism for driving a rotary shaft provided in the rotary arm is provided. A columnar object reversing device that is provided inside the end surface of the columnar object, and a pawl that clamps the columnar object is provided with a hinge spherical bearing or a pivot mechanism in its support portion. In addition, an elastic substance such as rubber is attached to the contact surface of the claw that clamps the columnar object with the columnar object, and the columnar object is further clamped. Nail , And it is characterized in that it provided a secondary pawl for holding the plate-like bodies constituting the pawl and the columnar body for clamping the cylindrical objects periphery.

[0008]

In the present invention, the work is sandwiched and clamped from the top, bottom, left and right at the positions of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the columnar object, and the clamp is rotated at the positions of substantially the centers of gravity of both end faces of the columnar object. As a result, even the columnar object having the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 11C described in the prior art has an arch portion in the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG.
Even if the cross section changes in the longitudinal direction, it can be inverted. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a product with a finishing bracket can be reversed without any trouble.

Generally, in a bridge manufacturing factory, in addition to bridge girders and truss bridge girders, H-shaped plate girders are often interchanged and manufactured in the same factory. At least four claws for clamping a columnar object are arranged on the rotary arm, and when the work (A) is a box girder, it is provided on the tongue (8) as shown in FIG. 9 (a). The claws (10) are used to tighten at four positions at the upper, lower, left and right ends of the longitudinal direction and to support and lift the weight of the columnar object. Even if the work (A) is not a box girder, and the H-shaped girder is clamped on the web and the flange from the four circumferences by the claws (10) as shown in FIG. It is possible to invert arbitrarily around the axis.

The basic feature of the present invention is to reverse the plate girder using the work reversing method of clamping the work from the four circumferential directions as described above and then reversing the work together with the clamping device. In this way, even if the work has a protrusion or a work of complicated shape, it can be safely reversed by one person, it can be reversed without damaging or deforming the work, and as a welding positioner It can be used, a weld with excellent properties can be obtained, and work efficiency is good, so that the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.

As described above, in the reversing work of the present invention, the reversing carriages are brought close to each other from the left and right in the longitudinal direction of the work placed on the block, and the carriage is stopped at a position suitable for holding the work. At this time, in order to lift up the work, the rotary arm is lowered in advance, and the four outer peripheral surfaces of the work are clamped by four claws provided on the rotary arm. After that, the rotary arm is raised to the height of a predetermined rotation position, and the work is lifted up. Here, when the work is reversed and used, it is rotated 180 degrees and reversed, and when it is used as a positioner, it is stopped at a desired rotation angle. After the work of reversing or positioning is completed, the rotary arm is lowered and the work is placed on the block. Open the claw, release the clamp, and move the reversing carriage away. This completes the reversing or positioning work.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the work is clamped in order to invert the work (A), and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a gantry (3) is erected on a carriage (2) having four wheels, and two screws (4) (4) are installed in a space in the gantry.
Is provided, and an elevating table (12) that is elevated and lowered by the rotation of the screw (4) is installed. The lift table (12) is for vertically moving a surface of the columnar object substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the columnar object on the carriage, and is for clamping and rotating the work (A). 5) is provided with a rotary arm having a cross shape. When the rotating arms provided in the cross shape are not strong enough to support the work only at the intersections of the crosses, the four arms are connected to each other, and
A reinforcing member (50) may be provided as in (b). Further, a rotary shaft (7) for rotationally driving a rotary arm is attached to the lift table (12).

Tongues (8) extending so as to support the longitudinal ends of the work (A) are attached to the tips of the four arms (5) of the rotary arm. These tongs (8) are , Is engaged with a screw (9) provided along the longitudinal axis of the arm (5), and is linearly movable up and down by the rotation of the screw (9). Tongs (8)
A clamp claw (10) for contacting and gripping the work (A) toward the side surface of the work (A) is attached to the tip of the.

As shown in FIG. 2, the work (A) is gripped by linear movement of the tongue (8) having the clamp claw (10) by the rotation of the screw (9). Further, the arm (5) can be independently moved by each screw (9), and can be clamped so that the rotation shaft (7) is located at the position of substantially the center of gravity of the cross section of the work. Work (A) and clamp claw (10)
If a gap is formed between the two, it may come off from the clamp claw (10) during the reversal of the work, and the impact may damage the rotary carriage (1), so it is necessary to firmly clamp the work. However, if it is pressed too hard, the work (A) will be deformed. Therefore, it is necessary to firmly clamp the work (A) with an appropriate force that does not deform it. For that purpose, a torque limiter (11) is installed on the rotary shaft of the screw (9), and the clamping force appropriately adjusts the torque limiter (11) in consideration of the weight, shape, plate thickness and the like of the work. .

It is preferable to attach an elastic body such as rubber or a soft material, that is, an elastic substance to the contact surface of the claw for clamping the columnar object with the columnar object, whereby the clamp claw (1
On the contact surface with the work of 0), the work can be protected and the work load can be changed from a point load to a surface load.
Further, the clamp claw (10) is preferably swingably connected to the tongue (8) via a hinge or a pivot mechanism (6). As a result, the work (A) may be bent due to welding deformation, and the work (A) may have a maximum design gradient of about 7%. The clamp claw (10) can be made to fit even in the cross-sectional shape.

The rotating arm can be moved up and down by an elevating table (12) provided on the column (3). Lift (1
2) is provided with a plurality of rollers (44), which are moved up and down along the column (3) by driving the screw (4). The lift (12) may be moved by the screw (4), a rack and pinion system, or other moving means. In order to turn over the work (A), it is necessary to consider the protrusions at the four corners of the work (A), and to lift the work (A) to a position sufficient to avoid hitting anything, and to support the weight of the work. This is the clamp, but the clamp claw (10)
The work is lifted after it is clamped from 4 sides, and the work (A) can be lifted up without needing a crane or other device for lifting the work (A) to a predetermined height. .

The rotating shaft (7) has a work (A) which is stably inverted, and there are works of various shapes to which an unbalanced moment is applied at the time of rotation. It is necessary to prevent things. Further, the driving force of the motor is required to transmit torque so as to withstand the unbalanced moment and perform smooth reversal. From this point of view, for the transmission of power to the rotary shaft (7) of the rotary arm (5), for example, the drive of the rotary arm (5) is performed by a geared brake motor provided on the lift table (12). The power transmission to the rotary shaft (7) of the rotary arm (5) is performed by the gear (45).
And a gear (46) meshing with it. A spur gear that meshes with the annular internal gear may be used instead of the gear (46) that meshes with the gear (45). Of course, the driving force may be transmitted from the motor to the rotating shaft (7) at the center of the rotating arm (5).

FIG. 3 shows a cart of the reversing device. It is necessary that the position of the wheel on the columnar object side among the plurality of wheels of the trolley provided with the lifting platform is provided inside the end surface of the columnar object, and as shown in FIG. In order to prevent the trolley (2) from tipping over due to the load of the work (A) in the case where the wheel of (2) is provided, the position of the wheel on the columnar object side of the trolley (2) is greater than the vertical line of the load point (P). The distance (S) is provided inside the work (A). Although not shown, when the wheels are provided on the outer side of the work (A) than vertically below the load point (P), the carriage (2) is prevented from being lifted by the load of the work (A). It is desirable to use a rail provided with a flange portion on the rail (14) and additionally provide a wheel so as to sandwich the flange portion of the rail. See also FIG.
As shown in (b), the carriage (2) has a U-shape in plan view so that the arm below the rotary arm (5) can descend to near the floor surface. The work holding height in the initial stage (when setting the work) does not have to be so high, and the work safety and work efficiency are improved.

The trolley (2) is self-propelled and the rail (1
4) Although it moves on the top, it is preferable to attach a brake motor to the drive motor so that there is no inadvertent movement due to some external force. Also, the carriage is temporarily clamped to a rail or the like, It is preferable that a rack and pinion mechanism is provided between the two to prevent unnecessary movement of the carriage at an arbitrary stop position, and it is also preferable from the viewpoint of safety to prevent the carriage from falling by an outrigger.
In this embodiment, the truck runs on the rail (14), but a trackless truck such as a rubber tire or a crawler may be used without using the rail.

Next, a modified example of the clamp mechanism shown in FIG. 4 will be described. When the work is a box girder, a plurality of reinforcing members (17) are provided on the inner surfaces of the upper and lower flanges (16) as shown in FIG. 5 (a).
The left and right webs (19) are provided with one reinforcing member (17) on the inner surface thereof, and inside the box girder with a window frame-shaped reinforcing member (18). The flange (16) side is provided with a vertical reinforcing portion rigid member (17) as shown in FIG. 5, and the holding by the claw (10) on the flange (16) side is
Claw (1
If the position (0) is provided, the window frame-shaped stiffening material (18) is also provided, and there is no fear of deformation. (However, FIG. 5 (b)
As described above, deformation (d) may occur in the portion (X) from the end portion of the work (A) (the portion beyond the stiffening material (18)). ) To clamp. )

On the side of the web (19), since the plate of the web itself is thin and the stiffening material is relatively small, the claw may sometimes cause a dent deformation during clamping. Therefore, in order to prevent this deformation, the claw for clamping is provided with a claw for clamping the outer periphery of the work and an auxiliary claw for sandwiching the plate-like body constituting the work. For example, as shown in FIG. 1
An outer claw (20) and an auxiliary claw (21) are provided so as to sandwich 9) from the inside and the outside. External nail (2
0) clamps the web (19) from the outside by the rotation of the screw (9). The auxiliary pawl (21) is provided with a piston on the tongue (22) supporting it. The operation of the piston moves the auxiliary pawl (21) to clamp the web (19) from the inside. Although not shown, the tongue (22) supporting the auxiliary claw (21) may be moved by a screw.

FIG. 6 shows a tongue which can be rotated in the horizontal direction. The tongue (8) is provided with a clamp claw (10) and is rotatably attached to the tongue support shaft (47) in a horizontal direction. This is effective when the work (A) is placed and clamped. Top position tongs (8)
Is moved to the position indicated by the dotted line in advance. The lower tongue (8) is at a position where the work (A) is placed. When the work (A) is loaded into the carriage (2) by a crane, the tongue (8) at the upper position is previously shifted to the position indicated by the dotted line,
When the work (A) is set on the trolley from above, the work (A) is in a retracted state, so that the work (A) is brought into contact with the claw (10) of the lower tongue (8) and placed. When the work (A) is placed on the lower claw, the retracted upper tongue (8) is returned to the position indicated by the solid line, and the tongue (1)
The work (A) is clamped with 0). Next, although not shown here, the left and right claws are also brought into contact with the work to complete the clamping. As a result, it is possible to omit the temporary placement of the work in the step of clamping the tongue (8) after the pawl (10) contacts the surface of the work after the work is placed on the block (13) as shown in FIG.

Next, the 180-degree reversing work of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 (a), (b), (c) and (d). The work (A) is carried in by the crane (23) and placed on the block (13) provided on the floor surface (FIG. 7A).
The lifts of the two rotary carriages are lowered, and the arms (5) are lowered to the lower limit so that they approach from both sides in the longitudinal direction of the work (A), and then the claws (10) of the tongs (8) are attached to the surface of the work. The tongue is moved in the direction of the work so as to come into contact with the work, and the outer peripheral surface 4 near both ends of the work is clamped (Fig.
(B)). In this state, the lift table is raised to lift the arm (5) and the work (A) to the rotation position, and the rotation arm is rotated 180 degrees (FIG. 7C). Work 1
The rotating arm is lowered in a state of being rotated by 80 degrees, placed on the block (13), the tongs (8) are moved in the direction of separating the work to release the clamp, and the rotary carriage is moved away from the work (Fig. 7 ( d)). After that, the work is carried out by the crane.

If the reversing work is seen from the end face of the work,
FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b) explain the reversal of the box girder, in which the work (A) is clamped by the claws (10) (see FIG.
(A)), which is then raised as indicated by the arrow and rotated as indicated by the arrow (FIG. 10 (b). FIG. 10 (c)).
FIG. 10D shows the case of the H-beam, which is first placed on the claw (10) provided on the lower arm (FIG. 10C), and then the upper and left and right claws (10) are flanges of the H-beam. And the web is clamped and it is raised as indicated by the arrow and rotated (FIG. 10 (d)).

[0025]

As described above, the present invention has the following effects. (1) Since the vicinity of both ends of the work is supported at four positions from the outer periphery and lifted and inverted, it is possible to perform the inversion work even on a work having a complicated shape, a work having a protrusion such as a bracket, or an H-shaped work. . (2) The work can be reversed or the safety can be shortened by one person. (3) Since there is no risk of damaging the work piece when reversing, it is not necessary to weld and attach a protective pad or reinforcement to prevent damage. (4) Since it can be used as a uniaxial positioner, various members can be attached and welded in a downward posture, which is highly efficient and effective for cost reduction, and also keeps work safety. (5) Generally, in a bridge manufacturing factory, box girders, truss bridge girders, and H-shaped plate girders are often manufactured by exchanging and switching in the same factory, so it is very efficient because these girders can be reversed by the same reversing device. It is economical.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a work reversing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing details of a work reversing device that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cart of a reversing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a modified example of the clamp mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a box girder work.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a tong of the clamp mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating work reversal work according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a work of a box girder with a finishing bracket.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a clamped state which is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing details of a work reversing device that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a conventional inversion method.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a conventional inversion method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A, work 2, movable carriage 3, gate-shaped support 4, screw 5, arm 6, pivot mechanism 7, rotary shaft 8, tong 9, screw 10, claw 11, torque limiter 12, lift 13, block 14, rail 16, flange 17, stiffener 18, stiffener 19, web 20, outer claw 21, auxiliary claw 22, tong 23, crane 25, cross rail 26, waiting wall wheel 35, hanging bracket 36, L-shaped Reversing device 37, chain or wire 38, ring 40, drive roller 44, roller 45, annular internal gear 46, spur gear 47, tongs supporting shaft

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A method of reversing a columnar object with the longitudinal direction as an axis, wherein both ends of the columnar object in the longitudinal direction are fastened by nails at least at four positions in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the weight of the columnar object is supported. Is raised, the columnar body is given an arbitrary rotation about the position of substantially the center of gravity of both end faces of the columnar body, and then the columnar body is held at an arbitrary position thereafter. 2. A lifting platform that moves up and down in a plane substantially vertical to the longitudinal direction of the columnar object is provided on the carriage, and a rotary shaft and a rotating arm are provided on the lifting platform, and a claw for clamping the columnar object is provided on the rotating arm. An inversion device for a columnar object, wherein at least four of them are arranged, and a mechanism for driving a rotating shaft provided on the rotating arm is provided. 3. The column according to claim 2, wherein the position of the wheel on the columnar object side among the plurality of wheels of the carriage provided with the lifting platform is provided inside the end surface of the columnar object. Object reversing device. 4. The reversing device for a columnar object according to claim 2, wherein a claw for clamping the columnar object is provided with a hinge or a pivot mechanism on its support portion. 5. The inversion of the columnar object according to claim 2, wherein the claw for clamping the columnar object has an elastic substance such as rubber attached to the contact surface with the columnar object. apparatus. 6. The claw for clamping a columnar object is provided with a claw for clamping the outer periphery of the columnar object and an auxiliary claw for sandwiching a plate-shaped body forming the columnar object. A columnar object reversing device according to claim 1. 7. The reversing device for a columnar object according to claim 2, wherein a tongue supporting a claw for clamping the columnar object is attached rotatably in a horizontal direction.