JPH0651057B2 - Blood processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a blood treatment having a plasma separator for separating blood cell components and plasma components from blood, and a plasma purifier for removing unnecessary substances from the separated plasma. The present invention relates to an apparatus, particularly an apparatus for automatically returning blood and plasma remaining in a flow path after completion of blood processing to a patient.

[Conventional technology]

As a treatment method for renal failure, liver failure, autoimmune disease, etc., a patient's blood is separated into a plasma component and a blood cell component by a plasma separator,
There is known a blood treatment method for separating separated plasma components with a plasma purifier to remove various toxins in the plasma and returning the purified plasma to the body. In this type of blood processing method, it is necessary to perform a so-called recovery operation of returning blood or plasma remaining in the plasma separator, the plasma purifier, and the flow path to the patient after processing the blood.

In the conventional recovery work, since the plasma separator and the plasma purifier are provided as described above and the entire apparatus is complicated, it is possible to repeatedly drive and stop each pump, adjust the flow rate of each pump, Alternatively, it has been performed mainly by hand, such as opening and closing the flow path by using Pean or the like.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

The above-mentioned recovery work is troublesome and time-consuming because the device is complicated, and the operation is complicated, and the technics familiar to the operator are required.

The present invention solves the conventional problems described above, and provides a plasma separator, a plasma purifier, and a blood processing apparatus that efficiently and efficiently collects blood, plasma, etc. remaining in a flow path into the body of a patient. With the goal.

[Means for solving problems]

The structure of the present invention for achieving the above object is shown in FIG.

The blood circulation flow path 1 is connected to a blood plasma pump 3 and a plasma separator 3 that separates the blood extracted from the blood outlet H ₁ into blood cell components and plasma components, and the separated blood cell components are venous pressure chambers. It is returned to the human body by the blood introducing unit H ₂ via 18. On the outlet side of the blood cell component of the plasma separator 3, there is a second valve 17 that opens and closes by pinching the flow path from the outside, and on the downstream side of the second valve there is a venous chamber 18 for separating gas and liquid. It is connected. A second detector 1 which can detect the presence of air in the flow path downstream of the vein chamber 18
9, and a first valve 20 is provided between the detector 19 and the blood introducing part H ₂ to open and close by pinching the flow path from the outside. The venous chamber 18 has a proper liquid level in the chamber (about 2/3 of the lower limit of the chamber).
First detector 1 for identifying whether or not
8D is equipped.

In the plasma channel 2, a plasma purifier 6 and a plasma pump 7 for removing unnecessary substances in the plasma components separated by the plasma separator 3 described above.
1, the purified plasma is returned to the human body through the blood circulation channel 1 downstream of the plasma separator 3.

A third valve 11 is provided between the downstream side of the plasma flow channel 2 and the blood circulation flow channel 1 for connecting and blocking the two flow channels.

A fourth valve 25 is connected to the opening provided in the upper side wall of the liquid (plasma) chamber of the plasma separator 3, and the fourth valve 25 is connected to the opening.
The external air is introduced into the liquid chamber by the valve 25 of the above.
In order to avoid contamination by external air, it is preferable to provide a sterilizing filter at the air intake of the fourth valve 25.

On the other hand, as the control means, there are a blood collection means 13, a plasma collection means 14, and a collection end means 15.

When the blood processing is completed, the blood outlet H ₁ is removed from the human body, and then a start signal from the outside is received. The blood collecting means 13 sends an open signal of the first valve 20 and the second valve 17 and a close signal of the third valve 11 to drive the blood pump 4 to remove blood remaining in the blood circulation flow path. It is returned to the human body from the blood introducing unit H ₂ via the plasma separator 3 and the vein chamber 18 by the pump 4. At that time, air is inhaled from the blood outlet H ₁ removed from the human body. Then, when the blood remaining in the plasma separator 3 is exhausted, the blood level in the venous chamber 18 decreases, and when the gas (air) is detected by the first detector 18D for a certain period of time, it is considered that the blood collection is completed. Then, the second plasma collecting means 14
The closing signal of the valve 17 and the opening signals of the third valve 11 and the fourth valve 25 are sent to stop the driving of the blood pump 4 and drive the plasma pump 71. Then the outside air is the fourth
Is taken from the valve 25 into the liquid chamber of the plasma separator, and the residual plasma in the plasma separator 3 is sent to the plasma purifier 6 via the secondary membrane chamber 32. The residual plasma passes through the plasma purifier, passes through the third valve 11, passes through the vein chamber 18 of the blood circulation flow path 1, and is returned to the body from the blood introducing unit H ₂ . The external air taken in from the fourth valve 25 passes through the plasma purifier 6 and the third valve 11, and from the venous chamber 18 of the blood circulation flow path 1 to the second detector 19.
To When the second detector 19 detects the air (gas), it receives the signal and stops the driving of the plasma pump 71 by the collection end means 15 and closes the first valve 20. The collection is completed by the above, but at this time, plasma remains between the _second detector 19 of the blood circulation flow path 1 and the blood introduction part H ₂ . When this residual plasma is also collected, the first valve 2 is activated by, for example, a start switch signal.
An open signal of 0 is sent, the plasma pump 71 is activated, and the residual plasma is visually brought close to the blood introducing part H ₂ . After that, the plasma pump 71 is stopped by the stop switch signal, and the closing signal of the first valve 20 is sent to collect the plasma remaining between the second detector 19 and the blood introducing part H ₂ .
The above operation is usually performed manually.

When using physiological saline to collect blood, the blood outlet
Simply connect H ₁ to the saline bolt. Even in that case, when the first detector 18D provided in the vein chamber 18 detects gas (air), it can be considered that the recovery is completed. When blood is collected with physiological saline, the first detector 18D
Detects blood, then saline, and then gas (air), so it takes a little longer time to recover blood, which is the same as the above-mentioned return of blood by air. It can be implemented in the process.

[Action]

According to the above configuration, after the blood treatment is completed, the blood derivation unit H ₁ is removed from the human body, and then the recovery process is started, so that most of the residual blood derived outside the body can be immediately returned to the body. .

In addition, the residual plasma is sent to the plasma purifier 6, and the plasma purified by removing unnecessary substances is returned to the human body, so that it can be efficiently collected.

Further, since the blood collecting means, the plasma collecting means, and the collecting ending means are continuously and automatically operated, the operation becomes extremely simple, and almost all of the residual blood and the residual plasma can be collected only by the start operation.

〔Example〕

 The embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart at the time of blood processing, where 1 is a blood circulation channel and 2 is a plasma channel. Blood taken from the blood introducing part H ₁ (a part that can communicate with a normal blood collecting device such as a shunt or an injection needle or a blood reservoir) is pressurized by the blood pump 4 into the arterial pressure chamber 16 and then in the vertical direction. It is introduced from above into the plasma separator 3 set to, and is separated into blood cell components and plasma components. In this plasma separator 3,
Plasma separation membranes such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
A flat plate-shaped, tube-shaped, or hollow fiber-shaped separation membrane made of a system copolymer or the like is housed. Usually, a collection of a large number of hollow fiber-shaped separation membranes is used.

The blood cell component separated by the plasma separator 3 enters the venous pressure chamber 18 through the second valve 17 and the bubble detector 1
9. Return to the blood outlet H ₂ (portion that can be connected to a shunt or drip set) via the first valve 20. The venous pressure chamber is provided with a detector 18D that monitors the level within the chamber.

Further, on the upstream side of the blood pump 4, there is provided a pillow sensor 21 formed of an inflatable / contractible bag-like body for detecting negative pressure in the flow channel when it becomes difficult to remove blood. The blood pump 4 is activated, and the blood pump 4 is restarted when the negative pressure disappears. Further, the arterial pressure chamber 16 is connected to a heparin injector 22 which mixes a small amount of heparin into blood to prevent blood coagulation during processing, and an arterial pressure sensor 23. The plasma separator 3
An overpressure sensor 24 and an air introduction valve 25 are connected to the liquid chamber. A venous pressure sensor 26 is connected to the venous pressure chamber 18.

The plasma component separated by the plasma separator 3 is the plasma flow path 2
The plasma pump 71 raises the pressure, enters the secondary membrane pressure chamber 32, and is introduced into the plasma purifier 6 set in the vertical direction from below to remove unnecessary components in the plasma components.
The plasma treatment agent contained in the plasma purifier 6 varies depending on the unnecessary substance to be removed, but, for example, activated carbon, alumina, silica, ion exchange resin or the like can be selected for the purpose of removal. A mixture of these may be used at the same time. These treatment agents may be modified ones of the above substances. Among them, activated carbon coated with various hydrophilic polymer membranes, proteins such as albumin, and microcapsule are preferably used. The plasma component purified by the plasma purifier is returned to the human body through the blood circulation flow path 1 downstream of the plasma separator 3.

A second valve 17 is provided on the downstream side of the plasma separator 3. A third valve 11 is provided between the downstream side of the plasma flow path 2 and the downstream side of the second valve 17 of the blood circulation flow path 1 for connecting and disconnecting.

Further, the blood pump 4 is provided with a blood volume detector 5 for detecting the flow rate of the blood circulation channel 1 based on the number of revolutions of the blood pump 4, and the plasma pump 71 is provided with the plasma pump 7.
A plasma volume detector 81 for detecting the flow rate of the plasma flow path 2 based on the number of rotations of 1 is connected to each.

Reference numeral 48 is a control device composed of a micro computer,
At the clinical time, the control device 48 causes the flow rate detection signals from the detectors 5 and 81 and the pressure sensors 23 and 2 to be detected.
While watching the pressure detection signals from 4, 26 and 37, the respective flow rates in the blood circulation flow path 1 and the plasma flow path 2 and the pressures in the plasma separator 3 and the plasma purifier 6 become appropriate values. First, the number of revolutions of each of the pumps 4 and 71 is controlled to process blood.

Next, regarding the recovery operation of the blood processing apparatus having the above-mentioned configuration,
This will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 6 to 6 and the flowcharts of FIGS. 7 to 8.

FIG. 1 shows the state when the blood treatment is completed, in which the blood circulation channel is filled with blood and the plasma channel is filled with plasma.

Blood outlet H ₁ is removed from the human body, and blood inlet H ₂ is connected to the human body.

Moreover, the blood pump 4 and the plasma pump 71 are stopped,
The valves 11, 17, 20 are open and the valve 25 is closed.

The above is the state before the start of recovery, which is step K ₁ of the flow chart in FIG. When the recovery start signal is received from the outside, the control device 48 operates and the valve 11 is closed. Further, the blood pump 4 starts to rotate at a flow rate of 40 ml / min, for example, and external air is sucked from the blood outlet H ₁ .
The residual blood in the blood circulation flow path is returned to the human body from the blood introduction part H ₂ . This state is shown in the flow chart step of FIG.
K ₂ and this state is shown in FIG. If this step K ₂ condition continues, the plasma separator 3 will be depleted of blood and then the blood level in the venous chamber 18 will drop. When detector 18D provided on the Chiyanba detects air, the process proceeds to the following step K _3. At the end of step K ₂ , the venous chamber 18 is mixed with air, so that a safety measure is taken so that the detection of air for a short period (for example, within 1 second) does not proceed to the next step.

The blood outlet H ₁ may be connected to a physiological saline reservoir without being opened to the outside. In that case, the processing time for the step of K ₂ is long, but the residual blood in the plasma separator 3 is more completely expelled. ,
Since the blood collection efficiency increases and air is taken in when the physiological saline solution disappears, the same flow can be applied.

In the K ₃ step, the valves 25, 20,
11 is opened, valve 17 is closed, blood pump 4 is stopped, plasma pump 71 is rotated, for example, at a flow rate of 40 ml / min, and residual plasma in plasma separator 3 is filled with air from valve 25. Then, the delivery to the plasma purifier 6 is started.

The residual plasma in the plasma separator passes from the plasma purifier 6 through the valve 11, the venous chamber 18 and the detector 19, and is returned to the human body. Plasma is returned and detector 1
When 9 detects air, it moves to K ₄ step. At K ₄ step, the valves 20 and 25 are closed as shown in FIG. 6, the driving of the plasma pump is stopped, and the recovery operation is completed.

In this state, plasma remains between the detector 19 of the blood circulation flow path 1 and the blood outlet H ₂ , so when recovering this residual plasma, as shown in steps K ₅ and K ₆ , By driving the plasma pump by work to drive the plasma to the vicinity of the blood introducing part H ₂ and stopping the drive of the plasma pump with the stop switch, the plasma remaining between the first detector and the blood extracting part can be completely recovered. .

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, after the clinical treatment is completed, by simply removing the blood outlet from the human body and pressing the recovery start switch, the residual blood in the blood circulation channel and the residual plasma in the plasma channel can be automatically detected. Can be safely collected.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the state of the blood processing apparatus according to the present invention during blood processing, and FIGS. 3 to 6 show the operation of the same embodiment. A simplified circuit diagram, FIGS. 7 and 8 are flow charts showing the control method of the embodiment. 1 ... Blood circulation channel, 2 ... Plasma channel, 3 ... Plasma separator, 4 ... Blood pump, 18D ... First detector, 6 ...
... Plasma purifier, 11 ... Third valve, 13 ... Blood collecting means, 14 ... Plasma collecting means, 15 ... Collection ending means, 17 ... Second valve, 19 ... First detector Two
0 ... 1st valve, 25 ... 4th valve, 37 ...
Third detector

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A blood circulation channel 1 for separating blood supplied to a plasma separator 3 by a blood pump 4 into a blood cell component and a plasma component, and returning the blood cell component to a human body. Blood pump 71 for the collected plasma components
Introduced into the plasma purifier 6 containing an unnecessary substance treating agent for removing unnecessary substances in plasma, the plasma is purified, and the purified plasma is passed through the blood circulation flow path 1 downstream of the plasma separator to the human body. The first and second detectors 1 that are provided apart from each other for identifying the plasma channel 2 to be returned and the fluid in the blood circulation channel 1 downstream of the plasma separator 3.
8D and 19; a first valve 20 that opens and closes the blood circulation channel 1 downstream of the second detector 19; and a second valve 20 that opens and closes the blood circulation channel 1 downstream of the plasma separator 3.
Valve 17, a third valve 11 that connects and disconnects the plasma flow channel 2 and the blood circulation flow channel 1 downstream of the plasma separator 3, and an upper part of the liquid chamber of the plasma separator 3. A fourth valve 25 that opens and closes the air inlet provided, and receives a start signal from the outside, drives the blood pump 4, closes the third valve 11, and closes the first valve 20 and the second valve. Receiving the gas detection signal from the blood collecting means 13 for opening 17 and the first detector 18D, the second valve 17 is closed and the third valve 11 and the fourth valve 25 are opened, The plasma recovery means 14 that stops the blood pump 4 and drives the plasma pump 71, and the gas detection signal from the second detector 19
The blood introducing unit H ₁ is provided with a collection ending means for closing the valve 20 of the blood plasma pump 71 and stopping the driving of the plasma pump 71.
A blood processing apparatus characterized in that the blood plasma is removed from a human body, and blood and plasma remaining between a plasma separator, a plasma purifier, and a flow path are automatically collected.