JPH0648274B2 - Wind direction / speed measuring device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a wind direction and wind speed measuring device mainly used in the field of meteorological observation.

[Conventional technology and problems]

In order to equalize the directionality of wind pressure, Fig. 1 (A),
As shown in (B), a sensor in which the sphere 1 is used as a wind receiver and the sphere 1 is attached to the tip of a flexible rod body 2 and the deflection amount and the direction of the deflection of the rod body 2 are attached to the rod body 2. It is known to measure the wind direction and speed by converting into an electric signal.

In an apparatus to which such a method is applied, it is desired that the measurement can be performed in a wide range by adapting to the case where the wind pressure is small or large.

[Object of the Invention]

The present invention has been made in view of such a demand, and an object thereof is to obtain an apparatus for measuring the wind direction and the wind speed with a simple configuration and with high sensitivity and accuracy.

[Outline of Invention]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention uses a spherical wind receiver and is a concentric circle with a variable capacitance sensor formed by concentrically opposed split electrodes as a sensor attached to a rod supporting the wind receiver. The magnets are magnetized in the direction along the axis of the rod body and have the same polarity and are opposed to each other.

[Operation of the invention]

When the wind pressure is small, the deflection of the rod is sensitively detected by the change in the capacitance formed by the counter electrodes.When the wind pressure is large, the opposing magnetic poles of the same polarity are deflected by the repulsive force exerted in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the rod. Therefore, it is possible to detect the so-called wide dynamic range from a low wind pressure region to a high wind pressure region.

Further, since the wind receiver is spherical, there is no bias in the direction of the wind, so there is the advantage that the measurement results are not affected by the direction of the wind direction.

Example of Invention

2 to 7 are views for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the external appearance, FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a portion A shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. Is a sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of portion B shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 7 is a block diagram of signal processing.

As for the appearance of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, an outer cylinder 4 is erected vertically on a base 3 and a spherical wind receiver 1 is located at the tip thereof. A connector 5 for attaching an electric signal from the sensor to the outside is attached to a lower portion of the outer cylinder 4. As described above, only the wind blower 1 and the thin outer cylinder 4 are exposed to the outside, and the structure is designed to minimize the measurement error by suppressing the disturbance of the wind by the measuring device itself. .

As shown in FIG. 3, the outer cylinder 4 is a hollow tube and is fixed to the base 3, and the fixed end 201 of the rod body 2 accommodated inside the outer cylinder 4 is located below the base 3. The rod 2 is fixed to a base 3 of the above and vertically stands up in a cantilever manner.
The rod 2 is made of a material having elasticity in the bending direction, for example, a stainless rod.

As shown in FIG. 3, the wind receiver 1 is a hollow sphere, and a hole 101 having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the outer cylinder 4 is formed in a part thereof, and the outer cylinder 4 is freely inserted into this hole 101. It is fixed to the free end 202 of the rod body 2 via the material 6.

As shown in FIG. 4, a cylindrical magnet (hereinafter, referred to as a first magnet) is provided in a portion of the rod body 2 protruding from the outer cylinder 4 inside the wind receiver 1.
It is called a magnet body. ) 7 is fixed, and a cylindrical magnet (hereinafter, referred to as a second magnet body) 8 in a state in which the first magnet body 7 is enclosed with a gap a on the outer periphery of the first magnet body 7.
Is provided. The second magnet body 8 is fixed to the outer cylinder 4 by the magnet support case 9 and is invariable with respect to the bending of the rod body 2. Since the first magnet body 7 and the second magnet body 8 have their respective magnetization directions set along the axial direction of the rod body 2 so as to have the same poles,
A repulsive force acts between them in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rod 2.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, inside the outer cylinder 4, the rod 2 is provided with the first electrodes 10 at equal intervals, for example, at four locations.
2 is attached via the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4
A second electrode 11 is attached via an insulator 13 at a position facing each of the electrodes 10 at the same level. Each of the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 11 is paired to form a total of four variable capacitances C _{1 to} C ₄ , which serve as sensors. That is, when the rod 2 is bent by the wind of the air blower 1, the distance between the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 11 changes, and
Since the individual variable capacitances C _{1 to} C ₄ change according to the bending direction and the bending amount (that is, the wind direction and the wind speed) of the rod body 2, the data of the wind direction and the wind speed can be obtained. The oscillator circuits 21 to 24 of the processing device
Depending on the circuit configuration of FIG. 7, the first electrode 10 or the second electrode 10
The four conductor pieces of either one of the electrodes 11 are connected to the common electrode (1
Individual conductor pieces). In this case, when the rod body 2 or the outer cylinder 4 is made of a conductor, the rod body 2 or the outer cylinder 4 itself can be used as the common electrode without providing a conductor piece.

Further, a stopper 17 is provided at the upper end of the outer cylinder 4 to limit the bending of the rod body 2 to protect the rod body 2 against wind speeds exceeding the designed maximum wind speed, and to prevent the inner edge of the stopper 17 from being formed. By setting the distance from the outer edge of the rod 2 smaller than the distance between the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 11, the first electrode 1 with respect to the maximum displacement of the wind receiver 1 (the maximum deflection of the rod 2).
It is taken into consideration that 0 and the second electrode 11 are not short-circuited.

When the sensor is composed of variable capacitances C _{1 to} C ₄ ,
The setting location is a location where the displacement of the rod 2 is large, that is, the free end 202 side of the rod 2.

When this device is used in a snowfall area, snow adheres to the wind receiver 1 and the wind receiver 1 is no longer spherical, resulting in a measurement error. In order to deal with this, in the embodiment, the heater 15 is provided on the inner wall of the air blower 1 to warm the air blower 1 and melt the snow that adheres. The heater 15 may be provided, for example, on the beam member 6 to warm the air inside the wind receiver 1 to melt the snow.

Further, the coupling mechanism between the air blower 1 and the rod body 2, the attachment mechanism for the first magnet body 7 and the second magnet body 8, the sensor (the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 11), the heater 15, and the like are all the wind blower 1 Alternatively, the structure is provided inside the outer cylinder 4 and has a structure in which the wind itself is less disturbed by the device itself as described with reference to FIG.

As is well known, the wind pressure is proportional to the square of the wind speed. Further, the deflection amount of the rod body 2 may be proportional to the force applied while the deflection amount is small, that is, the wind pressure received by the wind receiver 1, and therefore the rod body 2 per unit wind pressure increases as the wind speed increases. The amount of deflection becomes large, the measurement sensitivity characteristic becomes non-linear, and the characteristic narrows the measurement range width in the strong wind region (when the first magnet body 7 and the second magnet body 8 are not provided. ).

On the other hand, as is well known, the repulsive force acting between a pair of magnets facing each other with the same pole is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two magnets.

Therefore, as the deflection amount of the rod body 2 increases and the first magnet body 7 deviates from the center of the second magnet body 8, the repulsive force acting between them becomes stronger. That is, as the wind pressure received by the wind receiver 1 becomes stronger, the repulsive force acting to return the rod 2 to its neutral point becomes stronger, which reduces the amount of deflection of the rod 2 in the strong wind region, and thus the measurement sensitivity characteristic. Is a linear characteristic, and the measurement range width in a strong wind region is expanded. In this way, by applying the repulsive force of the magnet to the rod body 2,
In particular, the measurement sensitivity in wind speed measurement is linearized and the practical range is sufficiently secured.

In the embodiment described above, the deviation of the wind receiving body is detected by the bending of the rod body 2, and the elasticity of the rod body 2 in the bending direction acts to receive the wind and receive the wind receiving body. The deviation of 1 is small, so the embodiment is suitable for measuring a relatively strong wind. Further, since the measurement range is determined by the mutual relationship between the diameter of the air blower 1 and the diameter of the rod body 2, it is suitable for a weak wind by increasing the diameter of the air blower 1 and decreasing the diameter of the rod body 2. It is possible to make a device with a different measuring range, but this is also limited. That is, if the diameter of the air blower 1 is extremely large and the diameter of the rod 2 is extremely small, the rod 2 cannot support the air blower 1 completely.

In view of this, the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is particularly aimed at the measurement in the breeze region. This embodiment has the same structure as the previous embodiment except for the part shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 6, in this embodiment, the base 3 of the rod 2 is
The end 203 on the side and the base 3 are connected by an elastic body 16 formed of, for example, rubber in a cylindrical shape, and the rod body 2 can be tilted in all directions by this structure. Also,
In this structure, the rod body 2 is vertically neutrally held only by the repulsive force acting between the first magnet body 7 and the second magnet body 8.

When the wind receiver 1 receives the wind, the bullet 16 bends and the rod 2 tilts in the leeward direction, and the rod 2 is placed at the place where the wind pressure and the repulsive force are balanced.
Stops tilting. In this embodiment, since the elastic force (deflection force) of the rod 2 is not applied as a force against the wind pressure as in the previous embodiment, even if the wind pressure is extremely small, the inclination of the rod 2 becomes relatively large and the data is obtained. It is possible to detect. That is, this embodiment realizes an apparatus suitable for measurement in a breeze region.

In the two embodiments described above, since the base 3 is attached to the ground or a surface (horizontal surface) corresponding to the ground normally, the axis of the rod 2 is aligned with the vertical line when no wind is received. Normally, the wind receiver 1 is supported in a cantilever manner in the vertical direction in this state.

In addition, in order to suppress unnecessary vibration of the rod body 2 and to stabilize the operation in the two embodiments described above, the rod body 2 and the outer cylinder 4 are provided.
It is effective to put a damper oil between them. In particular, in the example shown in FIG. 6, the rod 2 is easily vibrated, so that the effect of enclosing the damper oil is great. Further, in the case where the snow melting heater 15 is provided, the damper oil has a heat capacity larger than that of air, so that the wind receiver 1
Also, the effect of warming the inside of the outer cylinder 4 is great, and the inclusion of oil is also effective for snow melting.

In the signal processing circuit shown in FIG. 7, each of the variable capacitances C _{1 to} C _{4 of} FIG. 5 is connected to each of the oscillation circuits 21 to 24, and each of the oscillation circuits 21 to 24 has a variable capacitance C ₁ to. It oscillates at a frequency corresponding to the value of C ₄ . The output signals of the oscillating circuits 21 to 24 are supplied to the waveform circuits 31 to 3 respectively.
4. A processing circuit 4 whose waveform is shaped by 4 and which is mainly composed of a CPU
Input to 0 to perform signal processing.

In the configuration of this processing device, in the variable capacitances C _{1 to} C ₄
Is the amount of deviation and the direction of deviation (ie,
Deflection amount or inclination amount and deflection direction or inclination direction of the rod body 2)
Is divided into four directions, and the values of the four directions are vector-synthesized by the processing circuit 40 to obtain the wind direction and the wind speed. That is, the direction of the combined vector represents the wind direction, and the length of the vector represents the wind speed.

The wind direction and wind speed thus obtained are displayed or recorded on the display / recording device 70.

In the configuration of the processing device, at least the oscillation circuits 21 to 24 are provided inside the outer cylinder 4, and the output signals of the oscillation circuits 21 to 24 are output to the outside via the connector 5.

〔The invention's effect〕

Since the wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to the present invention does not include a rotating part, the structure is extremely simple, and a wind direction and wind speed measuring device that does not require inspection and maintenance work in principle can be obtained. Also,
In observations in cold regions, the rotating part may freeze and become unobservable with conventional devices, but this does not occur with the device of the present invention, and a heater is installed on the wind receiver for snowfall. It can be handled with an extremely simple configuration such as insertion.

As described above, the present invention has various advantages, and the effects are extremely remarkable.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conventional example for explaining the principle of the present invention. 2 to 7 are views for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an overall external perspective view, FIG. 3 is a partial longitudinal sectional view, FIG. 4 is a partial transverse sectional view, 5 is a partial cross-sectional view,
FIG. 6 is a partial vertical sectional view, and FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a signal processing system. (Main symbols) 1 ... Wind receiver (sphere), 2 ... Rod body 7 ... First magnet body, 8 ... Second magnet body 10 ... First electrode, 11 ... Second electrode C ₁ ~ C ₄ ... Variable capacitance

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A spherical air blower, and a columnar shape in which the air blower is fixed to one end thereof to support the air blower in a cantilever manner in the axial direction, is bendable in all directions, and is elastic in the bending direction. The rod body, the cylindrical first magnet body which is inserted into the center of the rod body, is fixed to the rod body, and is magnetized in the direction along the axis of the rod body; A cylinder which is fixed and is fixed at a position where the first magnet body is enclosed in the central portion with a gap and is magnetized in the direction along the axis of the rod body and in the same pole direction as the first magnet body. -Shaped second magnet body, a sensor that detects the bending direction and the bending amount of the rod body due to the wind received by the wind receiving body, and a processing device that processes the signal from the sensor and outputs the wind direction and the wind speed. Wind direction and wind speed measuring device. 2. The sensor is constituted by a plurality of variable electrostatic capacitances, each of which is a pair of electrodes provided facing each other between a rod and a portion which is invariable with respect to the deflection of the rod. The wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to the first section. 3. A spherical air blower, and an end opposite to the end to which the air blower is fixed at one end and which is supported axially in a cantilever manner. A rod body that is tiltable in all directions as a fulcrum, and a cylindrical first magnet body that is inserted into the center of the rod body and fixed to the rod body, and that is magnetized in a direction along the axis of the rod body. And is fixed to a position that is invariable with respect to the inclination of the rod body and includes the first magnet body in a central portion with a gap, and in the direction along the axis of the rod body and the first magnet. A cylindrical second magnet body magnetized in the same pole direction as the body, a sensor for detecting the inclination direction and inclination amount of the rod body due to the wind received by the wind receiving body, and a wind direction by processing a signal from the sensor. And a wind direction and wind speed measuring device comprising a processing device for outputting the wind speed. 4. The sensor is constituted by a plurality of variable electrostatic capacitances formed by a pair of electrodes provided to face each other between a rod and a portion which is invariable with respect to the inclination of the rod. The wind direction and wind speed measuring device according to the third section.