JPH0633473A - Arch structure - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] (Corrected) [Purpose] To enable pivoting of the road joints of arch structures. The arch structure 1 includes a plurality of elements 4 and road joints 9 arranged along the length of the structure in the first and second rows that meet at the road top of the structure. Included are tie members 50 arranged to allow relative pivotal movement between the rows of elements 4 and joining the elements longitudinally at the roadtop.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to arch structures, such structures and methods of assembling certain components of such structures.

[0002]

It is known from Japanese Patent Application No. 62-9196 to assemble an arch structure containing a plurality of pre-assembled concrete, rib-like elements arranged along the length of the structure. The elements are provided in first and second rows, each supported by a pedestal on each leg, the elements of the first row being joined to those of the second row at the apex of the structure.
At the top of the road, the elements in the first row have a laterally facing support surface, which surface is generally concave and faces the generally convex lateral direction of the elements in the second row. Receive the surface.

To couple the elements longitudinally, it is assembled with the arch structure and backfilled close to the roadtop before the longitudinal copins along the top of the roadtop.
proposed to cast g). This involves pre-assembling both rows of elements with the cast reinforcement projecting upwards on the upper surface of the element to undergo coping. Although the copings provide a longitudinal connection, they also create a rigid joint that impedes relative pivotal movement between the rows, so that for load bearing purposes, the opposing elements act as a single arch member across the full width of the arch.

In one aspect, the present invention provides an arch structure that includes a plurality of elements arranged along the length of the structure in first and second rows that meet at the apex of the structure. And the top joint is arranged to allow relative pivotal movement between rows of elements and includes tie members for longitudinally coupling the elements at the top of the road.

[0005]

Arch structures are commonly used to form tunnels or culverts, that is, covered by backfilling. It is desirable that the structure be loaded during backfilling of the road joint so that the support for the two rows of elements actually along the base of the structure allows pivoting. The present invention has the advantage that once backfilling is completed, relative pivotal movement is still enabled at the roadside joints between rows of elements, thereby accommodating loads imposed or anchored. have.

That is, the design calculations for these loads are based on a roadside pivot or "pin" joint. In fact, it suffices to allow a very small amount of relative pivotal motion to be performed as if the road joint as a whole had a pivot road joint.

[0007]

The tie members are arranged to be fixed with respect to one row of the elements and to pivot the other row, while the tie members are pivotable with respect to both rows of the element. Are preferably arranged in Both arrangements allow pivoting of elements in opposite rows with respect to each other.

The elements in the first row may include convex portions, the elements in the second row may include concave portions, and the convex and concave portions are joined to form a road joint. is doing. However, each element includes a convex portion and a concave portion, the convex portion of the first row is combined with the concave portion of the second row, and the convex portion of the second row is the concave portion of the first row. To form a road joint, and the elements in the first row are virtually identical to the elements in the second row. This simplifies the manufacture of the elements, but they are all made to the same design and do not require elements that are different than the other rows of elements.
Indeed, such sequences represent a unique importance of the invention.

Viewed from another aspect, therefore, the present invention provides a plurality of elements arranged along the length of the structure in the first and second rows that meet at the apex of the structure and the elements. Providing an arch structure including rows and a road joint between the rows, each element including a convex portion and a concave portion, the convex portion in the first row and the concave portion in the second row. Combined or second
The convex portions in the rows combine with the concave portions in the first row to form the apex, and the elements in the first row are virtually identical to the elements in the second row.

Each convex portion is in the form of a tubular member secured to its respective element. The tubular member generally has a circular cross section or an oval shape, but a circular shape is desirable. It is made of metal such as steel and is bolted or welded to one or more inserts cast into the element. The longitudinal pivot axis that allows relative rotation of the rows of elements is preferably along the central axis of the tubular member.

The above arrangement facilitates the manufacture of the elements that form the structure and their assembly. The use of tubular members tends to reduce the likelihood of scraping elements during assembly. The elements are cast with concave grooves along their edges that should span the machine direction (road edge) longitudinally. An insert cast in the element secures the tubular member in the groove, preferably bolted. For example, a tubular member may be half the length of the top edge of the element.
And a length between 1/4 and 1/4. The tubular members are preferably spaced longitudinally along the length of the roadtop, and the longitudinal tie members are formed by the materials placed in the tubular members and the longitudinal spaces therebetween. A suitable material is non-shrink grout that can be injected and then cured. It is desirable to apply grease to the concave grooves of the elements between the tubular members and to the inside of the tubular members prior to placing the material so that the material does not adhere to the grooves and tubular member once it is cured. This ensures that relative pivotal movement of the elements is enabled when the tie members are formed in this preferred manner.

[0012] The curable material placed on the roadtop preferably comprises vertical stiffeners, for example made of steel. For example, two steel rods can be arranged so as to pass through the tubular member and along the space between them. These are positioned by supporting them by wires or the like before the material is laid down.

To pivot the element into the gap,
It is desirable to have a longitudinal gap above the longitudinal tie members between the two rows of elements. The gap is well sealed with a waterproof membrane. In the preferred embodiment, the compressible material is disposed on the longitudinal tie members between the first row and second row elements. This closes the road joint between rows, while allowing their relative pivoting movement.

The elements in the two columns are preferably the same width. Elements in opposite rows are aligned with each other,
In the preferred form of the invention, the elements of the first row are longitudinally offset from the elements of the second row. The arch structure is always mounted by alternating the elements of the first row with the elements of the second row and by providing a vertically offset arrangement of the elements, the assembly procedure is simplified by the new installation. Of the pre-mounted elements in opposite rows. Elements of equal width (longitudinal to the structure), eg one-half, to complete the ends of the arch structure with longitudinally offset (or staggered) arrays of elements
It is always necessary to provide a width element.

Preferably, the convex portion of each element is provided at the center of the longitudinal edge at the top of the road, but the convex portion joins two adjacent concave portions in opposite rows, each such The concave portion preferably belongs to another element in the row. During assembly of the preferred embodiment in which a tubular member is provided, two adjacent elements in one row are placed against the tubular members of the elements in opposite rows, the ends of their recessed grooves leaning against the tubular member. Stand still. This arrangement facilitates assembly.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1, an arch structure 1 comprises a first element 4 in the form of a precast concrete rib.
2 rows and a second 3 rows. Each column of elements is
It rests in a vertical recess 5 provided in the footing 6. The elements in the first row 2 are vertically offset from the elements in the second row 3 by half the width of one element. At the end of the first row 2, a half-width element 7 is provided to close the gap left by the longitudinal offset. The other end of the arch structure is provided with another half-width element (not shown). FIG. 1 shows the elements 4 in the second row 3 being lowered into position by a hoist 8 connected to a crane (not shown).

The two rows of elements meet at the roadtop of the arch structure and are connected by a roadtop joint 9 shown in detail in FIGS. 2-5. The elements of the second and third rows are identical, each element comprising a tubular member in the form of a steel pipe 14 which is secured by two bolts 10 in the middle of its longitudinal edge 11. A rubber gasket 60 (for example, 3 mm in thickness) is provided under the head of each bolt 10. During pre-casting of the element, a pair of inserts 12
It is provided at the vertical edge for receiving 0. The longitudinal edge 11 is cast with a concave groove 13 over its entire length. A thin metal plate 40 receives the steel pipe 14 and lines the groove 13 to insure the correct compression distribution delivered through the pipe 14. Due to the vertical offset between the elements in opposite rows, the pipe 14 of each element joins the two elements in opposite rows and extends into a vertical joint 15 between adjacent elements.

2 and 3 show the use of a support member 16 in the form of a steel angle member. Each support member 16 is bolted to the upper surface of the respective element 1 by bolts 17 'and is provided to pick up shear forces before the arch structure is backfilled. Once a certain amount of backfilling has occurred, the elements in opposite rows are made to face each other and the support member 16 is removed. During the stage of construction shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the relative pivoting action of the two rows is enabled by the rolling movement between the pipe 14 and the recessed groove in the opposing element.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, once all of the elements have been placed along the length of the arch structure, the non-shrink grout core 50 is placed from the top through the length of the flute joint 9. Get burned. Before the core 50 is placed,
The grease is applied to the inner wall of the steel pipes 14 as well as to the recessed grooves 13, so that the longitudinal tie members 18 provided by the core 50 are rotatable with respect to the elements 4 and their steel pipes 14. That is, in the completed joint, a relative pivoting movement occurs between the first row 2 and the second row 3 of the elements 4.

In order to lay down the core 50, a strip of liner 51, for example of polyethylene, firstly faces the recessed groove 1 which it faces.
It is attached to the bottom of a generally cylindrical recess defined by 3. A pair of steel reinforcement rods 17 'are longitudinally placed in the cylindrical recess. Positioning of the rods 9 can be achieved, for example, by supporting them with wires. next,
The joint is filled with groats that are vibrated lightly by vibrating needles. The grotto occupies the inside of the steel pipe 14 and also occupies the cylindrical recess between the opposing elements in the longitudinal space between adjacent pipes 9 along the length of the road joint. A waterproof membrane 19 is glued onto the core 50 to ensure the waterproofness of the road joint, and a strip 20 of compressible material is placed in the gap between the elements at the top of the joint, allowing the joint to join.

Referring to FIG. 6, this figure shows another embodiment of a road joint 9 in which the same reference numerals are used to indicate corresponding parts. This example shows that the compressible band 20 is first positioned and then the waterproofing membrane 19 is placed on the band and the adjacent top surface of the element 4, and in this example it is compressible at the bottom of the joint. Bands 21 are included, and such bands 21 may also pivot elements in opposite rows with respect to each other.

The vertical joints 15 between adjacent elements in the same row are sealed against the ingress of water. This is accomplished by the use of a waterproof membrane such as bituminous felt, hot coating, or by joining gootextile strips.

It will be appreciated that the head of each bolt 10 is embedded in the grout core 50 and thus appears to tend to inhibit rotation of the core with respect to the pipe 14. The purpose of the rubber gasket 60 shown in FIG. 4 is to provide a compressible cushion to the bolt head during rotation at the road joint, thereby allowing the core 5
The additional stress on 0 is avoided. In fact, the rotational motion at the roadside joint is very small, such as the core 50,
With a relative movement between the longitudinal edge 11 of the 0.2 mm element 4 for a 6.2 m high and 12 m wide structure. That is, even in the embodiment of FIG. 6 without the rubber gasket 60, the twist cracks seen in the grout core 50 do not occur. However, if it is desired, the bolt head may be covered by a layer of deformable material such as putty, or by placing a circumferential cap of plastic, for example, on the bolt head.
Can be separated from zero.

The method of assembling the two rows of elements 4 to form the arch structure 1 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. The footing 6 is mounted correctly and the first element 4a is placed in the footing recess 5. Due to the weight of the element above the footing, its precise positioning can be achieved with a roadside bar. At this point, the top of the element remains supported by the hoist 8 attached to the first crane 22.
The second element 4b is positioned using the second crane 23, but the longitudinal offset or stagger is equal to half the width of one element (longitudinal of the structure). At the same time, both cranes bring together the tops of the elements 4a and 4b so that they work together at the roadtop. If the two elements are in place but still loosely attached to the crane, the elements will be correct, for example using a theodolite set on the center line of the structure and observing the center of the nearest steel pipe 9. Can be matched. When the two elements are properly aligned and offset on both the roadtop and footing, both cranes can release them and then only one crane can position the next element. That's enough. FIG. 8 shows the positioning of the third element 4c, the first 4a
And the second 4b element is self-supporting.

However, it is desirable to support one of the elements (first 4a or second 4b element) to keep one crane in place, while the other cranes have the same third element. Taking the third element for assembly and alignment, the fourth element is then placed and aligned, and the half-width panel 7 (see FIG. 1) is attached. Once
When four full size elements and half width elements are placed,
The second crane is no longer needed and is released.

Adjacent elements in the same row are wire-bonded together before subsequent placement of the elements, for example using the same inserts as for mounting the hoist 8. As will be appreciated, all the work of assembling the elements and completing the road joints is done from the outside of the structure, so if the structure should be assembled on a road or rail, traffic should be built during construction. You can follow underneath things. Pre-assembled element 4 is placed at a rate of 30 daily for straight arch structures.
m rate, or 25 straight lines daily for curved structures
Is the degree of.

Backfilling of arch structures will now be described with respect to FIGS. 9-11. There are four different backfill zones around the arch structure defined by the compacted condition. Zone A is defined by the envelope in contact with the structure. Zone is 0.40
It has a horizontal width "a" at the base of the structure equal to m, and backfill material is laid loosely in this zone without any compaction, resulting in no unwanted movement of the arch element 4.

Zone B adjacent to zone A is 1.60 m
Has a horizontal width "b _1" at the base of the structure is reduced to 1.0m vertical width "b _2". The material in this zone is compacted using a light receding compaction device 30. The number of passes of the compaction equipment is monitored to avoid compaction which can result in element misalignment or uneven loading of the structure. Compaction device 30 generally weighs 1
Do not exceed 500 kg. Once the backfill depth on the structure exceeds “b ₂ ”, the larger compaction device 31 is used on the structure. As can be seen in FIG. 9, the device 31 is used horizontally during the lower stages of backfilling outside Zone B. Zone C is defined by a rectangle, the edges of which are in a horizontal space "c" equal to 2 m from the leg of the arch structure. Zone C extends to the final level of backfill, which in this particular embodiment is at a height of "x" equal to 1 m above the top of the arch. In zone C, the stronger compaction device 31 is used, but no vibration is used. The device 31 is only vibrated in zone D, which is outside the vertical boundary of zone C.

For the backfill material mold, region E is shown in FIG.
Indicated by the shaded line. This region has a thickness "e" of 1 m measured radially outward from the arch (ie 6 m of zone A and B are included).
In region E, the maximum grain size of the material is 150 mm,
The percentage of fine particles in the mesh of 0.080 mm is 15% or less.

Care must be taken to ensure that during all stages of backfilling, the opposite sides of the arch structure are backfilled at approximately the same rate. The different levels of backfilling between the opposite sides should not exceed 0.5 m in order to avoid excessive eccentric loading of the individual elements 4 or the entire structure 1.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an arch structure under construction.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a road joint of an arch structure under construction.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a road joint under construction.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the completed road joint.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the road joint prior to completion, with the top of the joint still exposed.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a road joint.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the first two elements of the arch structure positioned by the crane.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the third element being positioned.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the arch structure during its backfilling.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a backfill arch structure.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a backfill arch structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Arch Structure 2 1st Row 3 2nd Row 4 Element 4a 1st Element 4b 2nd Element 4c 3rd Element 5 Recess

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Daniel Weinreb, L3T4J5, Canada, Groveview Court, Thornhill, Antario 11 (72) Inventor Henri Vidal France, 75016 Paris , Abnu Diena 2

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of elements arranged along the length of a structure in first and second rows that meet at the apex of the structure and to permit relative pivotal movement between the rows of elements. An arch structure including: a road joint arranged in a vertical direction; and a coupling member for longitudinally coupling elements at a road top. 2. The arch structure of claim 1, wherein the tie members are arranged to be pivotable with respect to both rows of elements. 3. Each element includes a concave portion and a convex portion, the convex portion of the first row is combined with the concave portion of the second row, and the convex portion of the second row is the first row. Arch structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elements in the first row are virtually identical to the elements in the second row, in combination with the concave portions of the to form a road joint. . 4. The convex portion is in the form of a tubular member secured to the respective element.
Arch structure described. 5. The arch structure of claim 4, wherein relative pivotal movement between rows of elements is enabled about a central longitudinal axis of the tubular member. 6. The tubular members are longitudinally spaced apart along the length of the roadtop, and the longitudinal tie members are located within the tubular members and in the longitudinal space therebetween. The arch structure according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the arch structure is formed of a different material. 7. Arch structure according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the elements of the first row are longitudinally offset from the elements of the second row. 8. A convex portion of each element is provided at the center of the longitudinal edge at the top of the road, the convex portions being in opposite rows.
8. Arch structure according to claim 7, characterized in that it is connected to adjacent recesses, each such recess belonging to another element in the opposite row. 9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compressible material is located on the longitudinal tie members between the elements of the first row and the elements of the second row. However, the arch structure described in one section. 10. A plurality of elements arranged along the length of the structure in first and second rows meeting at the roadtop of the structure,
An arch structure including a road joint between rows of elements, each element including a concave portion, a convex portion in a first row joined with a concave portion in a second row, and a second row. The convex portion in is combined with the concave portion in the first row, and the elements in one row are virtually identical to the elements in the other row,
An arch structure characterized by that.