JPH06309471A - Device for plotting three-dimensional graphics - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] Representing texture by texture mapping 3
For a three-dimensional graphics drawing device, texture patterns are efficiently switched, and block noise is made inconspicuous in enlarged drawing. [Structure] A mode in which the same texture pattern is stored in a plurality of memories 64 and a plurality of drawing processing units 32 perform parallel processing, and different texture patterns are stored in a plurality of memories 64.
It is possible to switch to a mode in which one of the patterns is selected and the plurality of drawing processing units 32 perform time division processing. Further, when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: N, the variation values are added to disperse the read coordinate values of the texture pattern so that the block-shaped boundary becomes inconspicuous.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus which develops image data into pixels by displaying three-dimensional polygon information by computer processing,
In particular, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional graphics drawing device that expresses texture by texture mapping.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, texture mapping has been known as a representative method of expressing texture in three-dimensional computer graphics. The texture mapping is performed by using an image in which a texture pattern such as a wood grain pattern or a marble pattern, which is separately defined, is attached to the surface of the three-dimensional shape, so that the texture of the object can be obtained.

Here, the texture pattern is pasted 3
The two-dimensional coordinates of the projected surface shape of the three-dimensional object are defined as UV surface shape coordinates. Further, the two-dimensional coordinates of the memory storing the texture pattern are defined as ST texture coordinates. Further, the two-dimensional coordinates of the frame memory for drawing the surface shape to which the texture pattern is mapped are defined as XY display coordinates. Moreover, each coordinate value is (u, v), (s,
t) and (x, y) are shown in lower case.

In texture mapping, how to provide correspondence between the XY display coordinates of the display frame memory and the ST texture coordinates of the texture pattern memory is a problem. When the surface shape of the three-dimensional object to which the texture pattern is attached is not so complicated geometrically, the coordinate values (s, t) of the appropriate texture pattern are given to the vertices of a polygon consisting of a minute triangle or a minute quadrangle, The coordinate value of the pixel filling the inside of the polygon is obtained by linear interpolation.

The mapping from the memory storing the actual texture pattern to the frame memory is realized by writing the texture pixel data read from the texture pattern memory as the pixel data (color value) to be written in the pixel position of the frame memory. is doing. At this time, the reading of the texture pixel data from the texture pattern memory is performed by the coordinate value (u,
coordinate value (s, t) of ST texture coordinate corresponding to v)
Is obtained by linear interpolation. The drawing of the texture pixel data read from the texture pattern memory into the frame memory is performed by designating an address with the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinates corresponding to the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinates. Put in. In this case, the texture pixel data is read from the texture pattern memory and written in the frame memory for each pixel as compared with simple surface painting, which causes a problem that the drawing speed is significantly reduced.

In order to draw a texture pattern at a high speed, it is necessary to perform parallel processing in which a plurality of pixels are read at a time and drawn. Since it takes time to read a plurality of pixels with one texture pattern memory, the same pattern is stored in a plurality of texture pattern memories, and a processor provided for each memory simultaneously reads and draws a plurality of pixels. Can speed up.

FIG. 42 shows an outline of a conventional texture mapping mechanism. Texture pattern memories 64-1 and 64- are individually provided to the drawing processing units 32-1 and 32-2 provided in the drawing operation mechanism 18. 2 is provided to store the same texture pattern. Drawing processing unit 32
-1,32-2 the ST texture coordinates obtained by the coordinate transformation _{(s 1, t 1),} 2 pieces of texture pixels from the texture pattern memory 64-1 and 64-2 by using (s _2, t ₂₎ Data (color values) are read in parallel and set in registers 68-1 and 68-2, and XY display coordinate values (x,
Two are simultaneously written in the frame memory 34 by addressing according to y). The texture pattern mapping data drawn in the frame memory 34 includes XY display coordinate values (x,
It is read out by addressing according to y) and displayed on the color display 28.

The texture coordinate value (s, t) in the texture pattern memory can be read out for only one pixel by one access because the addresses are generated discontinuously depending on how the texture pattern is pasted. However, since the drawing addresses (x, y) are continuous in the frame memory, a plurality of pixels can be drawn at one time. Incidentally, FIG.
In the second example, two sets of texture pattern memories are provided and two pixels are processed in parallel at one time, but in reality,
Processing is performed by parallelizing about 8 to 64 pieces.

[0009]

By the way, in such a conventional texture mapping mechanism, the memory capacity increases due to the parallelization. Therefore, the limited memory capacity limits the storage amount of the pattern. To be done. Therefore,
As the number of types of texture patterns increases, it is necessary to replace the texture patterns for processing.

However, since the texture pattern is often stored in an external magnetic disk device or the like, a huge amount of time is required to replace the pattern as compared with the drawing process. Therefore, once the amount of texture patterns needs to be replaced, there is a problem that the drawing speed is remarkably slowed down. On the other hand, in such a conventional texture mapping mechanism, there is no problem in that the texture pixel data read from the texture pattern memory is used to map the XY display coordinates of the frame memory in a size of about 1: 1. However, when a graphic is enlarged and drawn in the frame memory, there is a problem that the texture pattern is drawn in blocks and looks unnatural.

A specific description will be made with reference to FIGS. 43 to 45. First, as shown in FIG. 43, for example, the texture pattern has 8 × 8 pixels as one unit, and the pixel data stored in each coordinate position, that is, the color value is represented by “⊚ × Δ ■” for convenience. FIG. 44 shows the case of drawing at a ratio of 1: 1 and FIG. 45 shows the case of drawing at a ratio of 1: 4. In the case of drawing one-to-one in FIG. 44, four colors are mixed and appear to be filled with a certain color at a distance. Pixels on an actual display are extremely small points, and the mapped texture pattern shown in the figure actually looks like a 5 mm square. However, when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of about 1: 4 as shown in FIG. 45, one texture pixel is 4 ×.
Since it is enlarged to 4 = 16 pixels, it looks like a block-like rough pattern even at a distance.

In order to solve this problem, conventionally, in the case of extremely enlarging, a texture pattern enlarged in advance is separately prepared and used so as not to form a block shape. In addition, the texture pixel data of the pixels arranged at the time of enlargement is obtained by linear interpolation of the adjacent texture image data (color value) before enlargement, and the color of the pixels arranged for enlargement is changed smoothly so that the block shape cannot be seen. I am trying.

However, in order to prepare an enlarged texture pattern, a large capacity texture pattern memory is required. Further, there is a problem in that it takes a calculation time to complement the color information of the pixel data of the number corresponding to the magnification at the time of enlargement, and the drawing speed is significantly slowed down. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems in the related art. When the high-speed drawing is required, the parallelism is increased, and when many texture patterns are desired, the parallelism is decreased. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional graphics drawing device that enables efficient use of a texture pattern memory.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus capable of making block noise inconspicuous by a simple process even when a texture pattern is enlarged and drawn.

[0015]

1 and 2 are explanatory views of the principle of the present invention. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the texture mapping mechanism used in the three-dimensional graphic drawing apparatus of the present invention has two-dimensional coordinate values (s,
The texture pattern storage means (texture pattern memory) 64 that stores a texture pattern composed of a set of texture pixel data at the address specified in t) and the texture pixel data that has two-dimensional XY display coordinates corresponding to the display screen. Display storage means (frame memory) 34 for storing a two-dimensional image of the surface shape of the drawn three-dimensional object
With.

Further, the coordinate values (u, v) of the two-dimensional UV surface shape coordinates, which are the projected surface shapes when the texture pattern is pasted on the three-dimensional object defined by the set of polygons, are generated, and the UV surface shape coordinates are generated. Coordinate values (u, v) of the texture pattern storage means 64 are converted into coordinate values (s, t) of ST texture coordinates of the texture pattern storage means 64, and the corresponding texture pixel data is read out, and the coordinate values (u, v) of UV surface shape coordinates are read. The drawing calculation means 32 for designating the display two-dimensional coordinates (x, y) corresponding to and writing in the display storage means 34.

According to the present invention regarding such a texture mapping mechanism, the texture pattern storage means 64 is provided.
And a plurality of drawing calculation means 32 are provided. When the same texture pattern is stored in the plurality of texture pattern storage means 64, the parallel processing means stores the texture pixel data at different coordinate positions by one access by the plurality of mapping means 32 of each set. High-speed parallel mapping is performed by reading from 64 and simultaneously writing to the display storage means 34.

On the other hand, the time division processing means selects one of the plurality of texture pattern storage means 64 and stores each set when the texture patterns of different types are stored in the plurality of texture pattern storage means 64. The time-division mapping is performed by sequentially reading the texture pixel data by the drawing calculation means 32 and writing the texture pixel data in the display storage means 34.

In this time-division processing mode, when an instruction to change the texture pattern is given, it is only necessary to select another texture pattern storage means that has already been stored. Therefore, it is not necessary to replace the texture pattern from an external hard disk or the like, and even if the texture pattern is switched midway, the drawing speed does not decrease so much.

Further, the texture mapping mechanism of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, has the vertex coordinates of polygons constituting the surface shape when a two-dimensional texture pattern is pasted on a three-dimensional object defined by an aggregate of polygons. Value (u, v)
And an initial value (s ₀ , t ₀ ) and an incremental value (K ₁ , used for coordinate conversion from the UV surface shape coordinate to the ST texture coordinate from the vertex coordinate value (s, t) of the ST texture coordinate corresponding thereto. K ₂ ) is generated by the conversion coefficient generating means 72 and is input to the next calculation mechanism, so that it is converted into address coordinates for texture access.

First, as the calculation unit of the texture S coordinate, S
S that holds the S coordinate initial value (s ₀ ) of the T texture coordinate
Each time the coordinate register 80, the S coordinate increment register 82 that holds the S coordinate increment value (K ₁ ) of the ST texture coordinates, and the UV surface shape coordinate value (u) between polygon vertices are input, the S coordinate initial value ( S coordinate adder 84 for adding s ₀ ) and S coordinate increment value (K ₁ ) and holding it in S coordinate register 80 as a new S coordinate value.

Further, as the calculation unit of the texture T coordinate, S
T that holds the T coordinate initial value (t ₀ ) of the T texture coordinate
Each time the coordinate register 90, the T coordinate increment register 92 that holds the T coordinate increment value (K ₂ ) of the ST texture coordinate, and the UV surface shape coordinate value (v) between polygon vertices are input, the T coordinate initial value ( comprises a t ₀₎ and T coordinates increment (T coordinate adder 94 which adds the K ₂₎ is held in the T coordinate register 90 as new T coordinate values.

With respect to such a calculation mechanism, for texture mapping at the time of enlarging drawing, the S coordinate calculating section further has an XY display coordinate corresponding to the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinate when the enlarging mode is set. Coordinate values (x,
y), the S coordinate variation selection circuit 104 that outputs the variation value (Δs), and the variation value (Δs) of the S coordinate variation selection circuit 104 are stored in the S coordinate register 80.
An S-coordinate variation addition circuit 106 is provided which is added to the coordinate value (s) from and is supplied to the texture pattern storage means 64.

Similarly, in the T coordinate calculation unit, when the enlargement mode is set, the variation value (Δt) specified by the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinate corresponding to the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinate. ) Output of the T coordinate variation selection circuit 110 and the variation value (Δt) of the T coordinate variation selection circuit 112 are added to the coordinate value T from the T coordinate register 90 and supplied to the texture pattern storage means 64. And a circuit 112.

By such random addition of the variation values Δs and Δt, the texture pixel data (color value) of the Uku number used for enlarging and drawing one pixel is obtained from positions dispersed over the enlarged rectangular area. It is read, and the block-shaped boundary becomes inconspicuous. Here, the conversion coefficient generating means 72
Sets the increment values (K ₁ , K ₂ ) to 1 / N when setting the enlargement mode in which the coordinate values (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinates are enlarged and drawn in the XY display coordinates at a ratio of 1: N. Then, for each input of the coordinate values (u, v) of N consecutive UV surface shape coordinates, the coordinate value (s,
t) is continuously generated.

For example, an enlargement mode in which the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinate corresponding to the coordinate value (s, t) of the ST texture coordinate one to one is magnified four times and expanded to the XY display coordinate. When setting, the increment value (K ₁ , K ₂ ) is set to 0.25, which is a quarter, and 0.00 → 0, 25 → 0.50 → 0.75 → 1.00.
・ ・ Increase. Since the drawing is done pixel by pixel,
There are only integer coordinate values for ST texture coordinates. For this reason, the coordinate values 0.00 to 0.75 are all 0 due to integer conversion.
Becomes Therefore, the texture pixel data read from the position of the same ST texture coordinate is mapped to the four pixels, and the image can be enlarged and magnified four times.

The S-coordinate variation selecting circuit 104 and the T-coordinate variation selecting circuit 110 increment the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinate by N times and expand the coordinate value (u, v) to the XY display coordinate when the enlargement mode is set. The value (K ₁ , K ₂ ) is increased by 1 / N, and the increment value is increased from 0 to K ₁ , K _2.
Prepare a table in which the N kinds of variation values up to are randomly stored at the position designated by the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinates, and the table is created with the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinates at the time of mapping. And select the corresponding variation value (Δs, Δt).

For example, when the 4 × enlargement mode is set, four types of variation values, 0.00, 0, 25, 0.50 and 0.75, which increase with an increment value of 0.25 as one unit, are obtained and XY display is performed. A table randomly stored in a position designated by the lower 2 bits of the coordinate value (x, y) of the coordinate is prepared. At the time of mapping, coordinate values of XY display coordinates (x,
The table is searched by the lower 2 bits of y) and the corresponding variation value is selected.

[0029]

According to the three-dimensional graphic drawing apparatus of the present invention having such a structure, the following operation can be obtained. First,
As shown in FIG. 1, the same pattern is stored in a plurality of texture pattern storage means 64, and a plurality of drawing calculation means 32 are stored.
High-speed drawing is possible by parallel processing indicated by solid arrows that are simultaneously mapped in. On the other hand, different patterns are stored in a plurality of texture pattern memories, one of them is selected, and the same memory is sequentially accessed by a plurality of mapping units and sequentially drawn in the time-division processing indicated by a dashed arrow. Although the drawing speed becomes slower, it is not necessary to replace the texture pattern from the outside, and it is possible to draw much faster than when the pattern replacement occurs.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, when the texture pattern is enlarged and drawn, the variation values selected by the XY display coordinates used for writing in the frame memory are added to disperse the ST texture coordinates to be read. You can make the block-shaped borders less noticeable when you draw.

[0031]

【Example】

<Table of contents> 1. Hardware configuration 2. Parallel processing of texture mapping and time division processing 3. 3. Principle and structure of texture mapping mechanism Enlargement drawing of texture pattern 1. Hardware Configuration FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of one unit of the three-dimensional graphics drawing device of the present invention, and a plurality of this unit is provided as necessary. In FIG. 3, the overall control unit 10 includes a CPU 11 and a main storage unit (MSU) 12
Is provided. The overall control unit 10 is connected to a host computer via a host adapter 14. Overall control unit 1 from the host computer via the host adapter 14.
For 0, a drawing command and graphic data representing a three-dimensional object are provided. The CPU 11 of the overall control unit 10 manages drawing data and controls windows based on host commands. In order to realize this drawing management and window control by parallel processing, it is desirable to provide two CPUs 11.

After the overall control unit 10, the data input unit 1
A drawing calculation mechanism 18 is provided via the control unit 3. In the present embodiment, the drawing operation mechanism 18 has 32 DSPs built therein, and a data input section using a FIFO (First in first out) connection makes an 8-parallel pipeline and communication between DSPs. A five-dimensional hypercube is constructed by the function, and arithmetic processing is executed in parallel. Drawing operation mechanism 18
In the drawing calculation, the coordinate conversion of the vertex coordinates of the polygon given as the three-dimensional data and the calculation of the color value of the vertex pixel are performed.

The calculation result of the drawing calculation mechanism 18 is transferred via the parallel data distribution mechanism 20 to the three-dimensional drawing mechanisms 22-1, 22.
Sent to 2. The parallel data distribution mechanism 20 efficiently distributes the asynchronous data generated by the 8 parallel pipelines of the drawing operation mechanism 18 to the three-dimensional drawing mechanisms 22-1 and 22-2 in the next stage, and specifically uses a FIFO connection. . The three-dimensional drawing mechanism 22 receives the three-dimensional image data expanded into the vertex pixels of the polygon from the drawing operation mechanism 18, obtains the pixels filling the space between the polygon vertices by interpolation calculation, and further performs blending, mapping, hidden surface removal, etc. of each pixel. Is performed by the firmware to draw in the three-dimensional frame memory. Three-dimensional drawing mechanism 22
The data drawn in the three-dimensional frame memory is automatically transferred to the two-dimensional drawing mechanism 26 via the depth data control mechanism (merge mechanism) 24 and displayed on the color display 28 as two-dimensional image data.

Further, the drawing operation mechanism 18 and the three-dimensional drawing mechanism 2
2-1, 22-2, and the two-dimensional drawing mechanism 26 are connected via the system bus 16 and receive management of drawing data by the overall control unit 10. Further, the two-dimensional image mechanism 26 is directly subjected to window control by the overall control unit 10. A hard disk 30 is connected to the system bus 16, and, for example, a plurality of types of texture patterns used for texture mapping of the drawing operation mechanism 18 are stored in the hard disk 30 in advance, and under the control of the overall control unit 10. The necessary texture pattern is read from the hard disk 30 and can be stored in the texture pattern memory using a part of the frame memory of the three-dimensional drawing mechanism 22. Of course, mapping data other than the texture mapping can be similarly transferred from the hard disk 30 to the frame memory of the three-dimensional drawing mechanism 22 and used for drawing calculation.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the drawing operation mechanism 18 of FIG. In FIG. 4, the drawing operation mechanism uses 32 DSPs 60-1 to 60-32 to configure eight pipelines 42-1 to 42-8 having a four-stage configuration as shown in the drawing, and a high-speed drawing operation is performed. To execute. The pipeline structure has four D units, as shown by the pipeline 42-1.
SP60-1,60-9,60-17,60-25 are provided.

The DSP 60-1 at the head performs coordinate conversion of polygon vertices and conversion into pixel data for obtaining color values of polygon vertex pixels for three-dimensional figure data represented by a set of polygons. For coordinate conversion of
A coordinate transformation calculation to texture coordinates for texture mapping is included. The second-stage DSP 60-9 performs shadow mapping using a shadow map created with the viewpoint set in advance as a light source. The DSP 60-17 in the third stage performs bump mapping using a bump map of 8 bits or 24 bits per pixel. DSP6 of the 4th step
0-25 performs reflection mapping using three types of reflection maps: hemispherical type, global type, and cubic type.

As the DSP used in the pipelines 42-1 to 42-8, TM320C40 manufactured by TI, for example, is used. This DSP, as shown in FIG.
0, program memory 202 using SRAM, 4 MB
Data memory 204 using a DRAM, and a communication function with direct memory access (DMA) 6
The channel has a communication channel 206.

Further, a local bus 44 and a global bus 45 which can be independently accessed are provided. Local bus 4
4 is used for distribution transfer of three-dimensional graphic data from the overall control unit 10 to the DSP of each stage as shown in the pipeline 42-1 in FIG. On the other hand, the global bus 45 is used to transfer the calculation result of the DSP of each stage. Furthermore, 32 DSPs can be combined in a 5D hypercube using 5 of the communication channels 206 shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the drawing operation mechanism of FIG.
The parallel pipelines 42-1 to 42-8 are schematically shown, and black circles indicate 32 DSPs. See also FIG.
Shows schematically a five-dimensional high-her cube used for all-point communication between all DSPs using a DSP communication channel. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a parallel operation function in the drawing operation mechanism of FIG. 4, showing 32 DSPs as a processor kernel P, and this processor kernel is shown as a parallel pipeline of FIG. 6 and a five-dimensional hypercube of FIG. Shown in a state where they are simultaneously connected in the network.

In the drawing operation of FIG. 8, the three-dimensional model to be drawn provided from the host computer is interpreted by the traverser executed by the overall control unit 10, and the pipeline is designated to specify the parallel operation mechanism 18. Sent to. The data input unit 11 selectively inputs data according to the designation of the pipeline and outputs the data to each pipeline of the drawing operation mechanism 18.

In each pipeline, processing such as coordinate conversion of polygon vertex coordinates, geometrical coordinate conversion such as clipping and lighting, and calculation of span parameters for determining color values of vertex pixels is performed, and the result is distributed to a data distribution mechanism. Output to 20. The data distribution mechanism 20 performs a distribution process to the three-dimensional drawing mechanism configured corresponding to the span according to the Y coordinate value of the calculation result.

FIG. 9 shows the three-dimensional drawing mechanism 22 of FIG.
It is composed of drawing processing units 32-1 to 32-8 and a frame memory 34. Drawing processing unit 32-1
32-8 parallelly performs the interpolation calculation of the pixels filling the spaces between the vertices based on the vertex pixel data of the polygon sent from the data distribution mechanism 20. The frame memory 34 prepares memory areas for a plurality of screens. For example, two surfaces are prepared for RGB pixel data, two surfaces for Z buffer, and eight surfaces for storing texture pattern.

The pixel data interpolated by the drawing processing units 32-1 to 32-8 are drawn in the frame memory 34 by addressing display coordinate values (x, y), and at the same time, the depth coordinate value z of each pixel is displayed. It is stored in the Z buffer area of the frame memory 34. Drawing processing units 32-1 to 32
As shown in FIG. 10, -8 executes simultaneous drawing of 128 pixel data by simultaneously accessing arbitrary positions of the 16 × 8 rectangular areas 48-1 to 48-n in the frame memory 34. Further, various types of mapping such as blending and texture mapping, and hidden surface removal are included, and these processes are executed at high speed by parallel processing.

FIG. 11 shows the data structure of the pixel data 50 drawn in the frame memory 34 of FIG.
For example, each of the RGB components is represented by 4 bits so that 4096 colors in the RGB space can be represented. Further, for example, transparency α is provided as additional information. The depth coordinate value z is stored in a Z buffer provided separately. Referring again to FIG. 9, the three-dimensional image data drawn in the three-dimensional frame memory 34 of the three-dimensional drawing mechanism 22 is the color display 2
It is transferred to the two-dimensional drawing mechanism 26 at a display frame rate of 8. The two-dimensional drawing mechanism 26 includes a transfer buffer 36 for storing the image data transferred from the three-dimensional drawing mechanism 22 and a display frame memory 38 for displaying the frame contents on the color display 28 via the display control unit 40. ing. Further, for window control, drawing is performed directly on the display frame memory 38 via the system bus 16 without passing through the parallel operation mechanism.

With such a configuration, the three-dimensional drawing mechanism 2
2 functions as a speed-up mechanism for three-dimensional drawing together with the parallel operation mechanism 18, so that competition with the two-dimensional drawing mechanism 26 can be minimized. Depth data control mechanism 2
Reference numeral 4 is a combination of the image data generated by the three-dimensional drawing mechanism 22 shown in FIG.
When transferring to the dimension drawing mechanism 26, a merge process based on the depth coordinate value (z) is performed. 2. Parallel processing of texture mapping and time-division processing FIG. 12 shows parallel processing used for texture pattern mapping executed by the three-dimensional drawing mechanism 22 of FIG. Three
In the dimension drawing mechanism 22, the drawing processing unit 32-1
32-8 have their own texture pattern memories 64-1 to 64-8 via the switching circuit 62. A frame memory 34 is used for the texture pattern memories 64-1 to 64-8, and for example, an area for eight planes reserved for storing the texture pattern is used. The texture pixel data read from the texture pattern memories 64-1 to 64-8 is transferred to the registers 68-1 to 68-1 via the switching circuit 66.
68-8. Further register 68-
1 to 68-8 are R in the frame memory 34 shown in FIG.
It becomes an output register for the GB frame memory, and the texture image data stored in the register 68-1 is drawn in parallel in the frame memory 34.

Here, FIG. 12 shows the paths of the switching circuits 62 and 66 when the same texture pattern is stored in all of the texture pattern memories 64-1 to 64-8 and the texture mapping processing is executed in parallel, by broken lines. ing. That is, the drawing processing units 32-1 to 32-8 divide the texture coordinate data of the polygon vertices (s,
Based on t), the texture pattern memories 64-1 to 6-6
The texture pixel data of the apex is read from 4-8, and the texture pixel data for filling the inside of the polygon is subsequently obtained by interpolation calculation.

Here, eight drawing processing units 32-1
32-8 correspond to eight lines in the X-axis direction in the collective drawing area 48-1 of the frame memory 34 shown in FIG. 10, for example. Therefore, the drawing processing units 32-1 to 32-1
2-8 is the texture pattern memory 64 for the texture pixel data to be written in the Y coordinate value indicating 8 lines in the X axis direction.
-1 to 64-8 are read out all at once and transferred to the registers 68-1 to 68-8, respectively,
It is sent to the inside RGB frame memory, and is written all at once when the texture image data of 8 × 16 pixels is obtained. In the parallel processing shown in FIG. 12, high-speed texture mapping can be realized by drawing 8 lines simultaneously by texture mapping.

FIG. 13 shows texture mapping by time division processing. First, the time-division processing is used when drawing while switching the texture pattern in one frame memory 34. Therefore, the texture pattern memories 64-1 to 64-8 store in advance different types of different texture patterns. The switching circuits 62 and 66 in FIG. 13 are texture pattern memories 64-1.
The case of selecting and drawing the texture pattern of is shown by a broken line. That is, the drawing processing units 32-1 to 32-
Reference numeral 8 inputs texture coordinate data data (s, t) indicating the polygon vertices supplied from the higher order, and interpolates the texture coordinate data for filling the space between the vertices. Switching circuit 62
First, the read access from the image processing unit 32-1 is combined with the texture pattern memory 64-1, and the read texture pixel data is registered in the register 6 by the switching circuit 66.
8-1. Subsequently, the switching circuit 62 couples the read access of the drawing processing unit 32-2 to the same texture pattern memory 64-1 and transfers the read texture pixel data to the register 68-2 by the switching circuit 66.
Similarly, read access is performed to the texture pattern memory 64-1 in the order of the rendering processing units 32-3 to 32-8 to transfer the texture pixel data to the registers 68-3 to 68-8, and repeat. On the other hand, when a texture pattern switching command is received from the overall control unit 10, the process is switched to the time-division processing for another commanded texture pattern memory. In such a time-divisional process of texture mapping, an extreme reduction in drawing speed when reading and replacing texture patterns from an external hard disk at the time of pattern switching is eliminated, and texture patterns are switched and drawn at a certain speed. be able to.

FIG. 14 shows the parallel processing shown in FIG.
5 is a flowchart showing a processing operation of the time division processing shown in FIG. In FIG. 14, step S1 is performed by the overall control unit.
When the texture mapping command is received in step S1, it is checked in step S1 whether or not the parallel mode is set. In the parallel mode, as shown in FIG. 12, the switching control of the switching circuits 62 and 66 is switched to the parallel mode, and the parallel mapping process is repeated in step S4 until the drawing of the entire area is completed in step S5.

On the other hand, if the mode is the time division mode, the process proceeds to step S6, one of the plurality of texture pattern memories is selected, and in step S7, the selected texture pattern memory is drawn as shown in FIG. The processing unit executes a mapping process of sequentially performing read access and drawing. While performing this mapping process, it is checked in step S8 whether or not the texture pattern has been changed. When the texture pattern change command is received, the process returns to step S6 to select a new texture pattern memory. The above processing is repeated until mapping of all areas is completed in step S9.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of texture patterns mapped in the parallel processing mode of FIG. That is, the texture pattern memories 64-1 to 64-8 each store a texture pattern formed of the same set of texture pixel data, and the texture pixel data at the position corresponding to the Y coordinate value of 8 lines in the frame memory 34 is stored. Read and draw.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of texture patterns mapped in the time division processing mode of FIG. 13, and different texture patterns are stored in the texture pattern memories 64-1 to 64-8. Frame memory 3
4, a texture pattern is first drawn by selecting the texture pattern memory 64-1, and the pattern of the next texture pattern memory 64-2 is switched and drawn on the way. 3. Principle and Configuration of Texture Mapping Mechanism FIG. 17 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the texture mapping mechanism provided as hardware in the rendering processing units 32-1 to 32-8 of the three-dimensional rendering mechanism 22 of FIG. In FIG. 17, the texture mapping mechanism of the drawing processing unit 32 includes a conversion coefficient generation unit 72, a control unit 75, and an S coordinate calculation unit 7.
4, T coordinate calculation unit 76. S coordinate calculation unit 74
Is provided with a selector 78, an S coordinate register 80, an increment register 82, and an adder 84.

The output of the adder 86 is input to the other side of the selector 78, which constitutes the loop circuit 86. Also, T
The coordinate calculator 76 includes a selector 88, a T coordinate register 90,
It is composed of an increment register 92, an adder 94, and a loop circuit 96. Here, the principle of texture mapping will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 18, a three-dimensional object 98 given as graphic data is a cylindrical body, and the cylindrical surface is represented by a texture pattern. Therefore, a predetermined texture pattern is stored in the texture pattern memory 64 in advance as a set of texture pixel data.

First, the texture pattern 100 stored in the texture pattern memory 64 is stored in the three-dimensional object 98.
Paste. Next, with respect to the three-dimensional object 98 to which the texture pattern 100 is attached, the two-dimensional surface shape 102 viewed as a projection image from a predetermined direction is obtained. This two-dimensional surface shape 102 is represented by coordinate values (u, v) of UV surface shape coordinates.

The texture pattern 100 attached to the three-dimensional object 98 corresponds to a set of triangles or quadrilateral polygons in a one-to-one correspondence. Taking the processing of the polygon in the shaded area at the upper left corner of the texture pattern 100 attached to the three-dimensional object 98 as an example, the polygon is represented by a set of four vertex coordinates. Therefore, each coordinate value (u, v) of the vertex OPQR of the polygon in the shaded area in the two-dimensional surface shape 102
Can be specified. The vertex OPQR of the polygon in the UV surface shape coordinate is 1 in the vertex OPQR in the ST texture coordinate of the texture pattern memory 64.
It corresponds to one-to-one.

Therefore, the coordinate value (u, v) of the polygon vertex OPQR of the two-dimensional surface shape 102 is converted into the coordinate value (s, t) of the corresponding vertex OPQR of the texture pattern 64, and the portion other than the vertex OPQR is converted. Then, the coordinate value (s, t) is obtained by linear interpolation. UV like this
By converting the surface shape coordinate value (u, v) to the ST texture coordinate value (s, t) of the texture pattern memory 60, the corresponding texture image data is read out, and this is read out, and the corresponding texture image data is read by the pixel corresponding to the XY display coordinates of the frame memory 34. Texture mapping can be done by writing in the position. The conversion calculation of the polygon vertices into the texture coordinates is performed by the drawing calculation mechanism 18 in the unit of FIG.

FIG. 19 concretely shows the texture mapping of the quadrilateral polygon of FIG. In FIG. 19, the coordinate value of the UV surface shape coordinate representing the two-dimensional surface shape when the texture pattern of 8 × 8 pixels of the coordinate value (s, t) of the ST texture coordinate is attached to the surface of the three-dimensional object ( u, v) has changed to an 8 × 5 pixel set. Here, the coordinate values (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinates,
And the coordinate values of the vertices O, P, Q, and R at the coordinate value (s, t) of the ST texture coordinates are defined as shown in the figure.

Now, the first line of the UV surface shape coordinate in the U-axis direction has 5 pixels, whereas the first line of the coordinate value (s, t) of the ST texture coordinate has 8 pixels. At this time, since the vertices O and P at both ends have a one-to-one correspondence,
U = 1 in the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinate
The S coordinate values corresponding to the three pixels 2 and 3 are obtained by linear interpolation.

Similarly, the first in the V-axis direction and the T-axis direction
Looking at the correspondence between the vertices O and R of the row, in this case, 1
It corresponds to one-to-one. First, the increment value K ₁ in the S-axis direction and the increment value K ₂ in the T-axis direction are calculated by the following equations. _{K 1 = (s e -s 0} ) / (u e -u 0) ··· (1) K 2 = (t e -t 0) / (v e -v 0) ··· (2) In this way If the increment value K ₁ in the S-axis direction and the increment value K _{2 in the} T-axis direction are obtained, the coordinate value s and the coordinate value t with respect to changes in the coordinate value u and the coordinate value v can be obtained by the following equations. it can. s = s ₀ + (u−u ₀ ) · K ₁ ... (3) t = t ₀ + (v−v ₀ ) · K ₂ ... (4) Regarding FIG. 19, S-axis direction and T-axis Direction increment K ₁ ,
The specific calculation of K ₂ is as follows. _{K 1 = (s e -s 0} ) / (u e -u 0) = (7-0) / (4-0) = 7/4 = 1.75 K 2 = (t e -t 0) / ( v _e −v ₀ ) = (7−0) / (7−0) = 7/7 = 1 Then, ST for the change in the coordinate value (u, v) of the first line of the UV surface shape coordinates in FIG. When the value of the coordinate value (s, t) of the texture coordinates is calculated, it becomes as shown in the table of FIG. In FIG. 20, the value of the coordinate value (s, t) of the calculated ST texture coordinate has a numerical value below the decimal point. However, since the drawing is performed in pixel units at the XY display coordinates of the frame memory, the coordinates are converted into the coordinate value (s, t) of the ST texture coordinates that are converted into integers by cutting off the decimal point.

Here, the texture pixel data of the coordinate value (s, t) of the ST texture coordinate obtained by the coordinate conversion has color values A to H, and as a result, this texture color value is converted into the coordinate value (s, t). By t), the texture pattern is mapped by reading from the texture pattern memory and writing as shown in the first line of the XY display coordinates as shown in FIG.

In FIGS. 18 and 19, a quadrilateral polygon is taken as an example for simplification of description, but in the three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. I am using a triangular polygon. FIG. 21 shows polygon command data supplied from the upper order to the drawing processing unit shown in FIG. 17, and specifies UV vertex coordinate values and ST vertex coordinate values and a drawing magnification N for each polygon.

FIG. 22 is a flow chart showing the processing operation of the texture mapping mechanism of FIG. In FIG. 22, first, in step S1, the polygon command data shown in FIG. 21 is received, and in step S2, (1)
Incremental values K ₁ and K ₂ are calculated and held for each polygon from the equation (2). Then, in step S3, the increment values K ₁ and K ₂ and the initial values s ₀ and t ₀ of the _first polygon at the start coordinate position of the UV surface shape coordinates are set.

Specifically, the increment value K ₁ is set in the increment register 82 of the S coordinate calculation section 74 of FIG. 17, and the initial value s ₀ is set in the S coordinate register 80. At the same time, the increment value K ₂ is set in the increment register 92 of the T coordinate calculation unit 76, and T
The initial value t ₀ is set in the coordinate register 90. Then, in step S4, the T coordinate value t is calculated from the V coordinate value v at that time.

For example, initially, in FIG. 17, the initial value t ₀ of the T coordinate register 90 is output as it is. For the second and subsequent times, K _{2 of the} increment register 92 is added to T by the adder 94.
A value added to the initial value t ₀ of the coordinate register 90 is set in the T coordinate register 90 by the loop circuit 96, and this is output as a new coordinate value t. Next, in step S5, the S coordinate value s is calculated from the coordinate value u at that time. That is, FIG.
In the S coordinate calculation unit 74, the initial value s ₀ of the S coordinate register 80 is first output as it is, and for the second and subsequent times, the increment value K ₁ of the increment register 82 is set to the coordinate value of the S coordinate register 80 by the adder 84. The added value is again used for the S coordinate register 80.
, And outputs it as a new coordinate value s.

In step S6, the calculated ST texture coordinate value (s, t) is output, and in step S7 it is checked whether or not it is the next polygon. If the polygons are the same, the coordinate value u is incremented by one in step S8,
The conversion calculation from the coordinate value to the coordinate value s in step S5 is repeated. When the processing of one polygon is completed and the processing proceeds to the next polygon, it is checked in step S9 whether or not the U-axis line has ended. If the U-axis line has not ended, a new polygon is incremented by K _{1 in} step S1. K ₂ is updated and the same processing is repeated.

When it is determined in step S9 that the processing of the U-axis line has ended, the process proceeds to step S11, the V coordinate value v is incremented by 1, and in step S12 it is checked whether or not the V-axis line has ended. If step S1
In step 3, the increment values K ₁ and K ₂ in the new V-axis line are updated, and the processing from S4 is repeated. 4. Enlargement Drawing of Texture Pattern FIG. 23 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the texture mapping mechanism of the present invention used for enlargement drawing. 23, the texture mapping mechanism implemented by the hardware of the rendering processing unit 32 is basically the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. 17, but the S coordinate calculation unit 74 is newly added to the variation increment selection circuit 104. The T-coordinate calculation unit 76 is provided with a variation increment selection circuit 110 and an adder 112.

Further, coordinate values (x, y) of XY display coordinates of the frame memory drawn by texture mapping.
To the variation increment selection circuit 1 via the enlargement control unit 108.
04 and 110 are input as variation increment selection information. First, in order to enlarge and draw the texture pattern at a ratio of 1: N, the S coordinate increment value K ₁ and the T coordinate increment value K ₂ set in the increment registers 82 and 92 are set to 1: 1.
It may be set to 1 / N of the value used at the time of drawing.

To simplify the explanation, when the coordinate values (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinates and the coordinate values (s, t) of the texture surface shape coordinates have a one-to-one correspondence, coordinate conversion is not necessary. Therefore, the increment values K ₁ and K ₂ in this case are both 1. At this time, in order to enlarge and draw the texture pattern in a ratio of 1: N, K ₁ = K ₂ = 1 / N may be set. Incremental value K ₁ , which is 1 / N,
When magnifying and drawing at a ratio of 1: 4 with the setting of K ₂ , K ₁ = K ₂ = 0.25, and the ST coordinate values (s, t) to be obtained are 0.00, 0.25, and 0.25, respectively. 0.5
It increases to 0, 0.75, 1.00, 1, 25, ....

Of these, since the coordinates that can be used for reading the actual ST texture coordinates are integerized coordinate values, the coordinate values (s, Since (0, 0) is designated as t), four same texture pixel data are mapped side by side. Variation increment selection circuit 104, 1
In order to prevent the same texture pixel data output from the adders 84 and 94 from appearing in a block-like pattern side by side by the enlargement factor N, the adder 8
The dispersion increment values are added by adders 106 and 112 in order to disperse the coordinate values obtained in steps 4 and 94.

Here, taking as an example the case where the texture pattern is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 4, the variation increment selection circuits 104 and 110 are based on the lower 2 bits of the XY display coordinate value (x, y) of the frame memory. Four types of values, 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, which change in 0.25 units by designation, are selected. Specifically, FIG. 24 shows the S coordinate value output from the S coordinate adder 84 with respect to the change of the lower 2 bits 00 to 11 of the XY display coordinate value (x, y). In this case, the S coordinate value is 0.00 to 0.7.
Since the ST texture coordinate has a value of 5 and must be an integer, all coordinate values calculated by integer conversion become 0, which means that the same texture pixel data is mapped.

FIG. 25 shows a variation increment storage table provided in the variation increment selection circuit 104 of the S coordinate calculation section 74, which is randomly arranged by the lower two bits 00 to 11 of the XY display coordinate value (u, v). 0.00 ~
Four types of variation increment values of 0.75 are stored. FIG. 26 shows the S obtained by adding the variation by the adder 106 shown in FIG.
The coordinate value is shown for the change of the lower 2 bits of the frame XY display coordinate value (x, y), and when the variation is not added in FIG. 24, the coordinate value smaller than 1 is added to the variation increment value of FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 26, there are one or more coordinate values, and the read range of the texture pixel data is dispersed.

FIG. 27 shows the T coordinate value output from the T coordinate addition unit 94, FIG. 28 shows the variation increment selection table stored in the variation increment selection circuit 110 of the T coordinate calculation unit 76, and FIG. Indicates the coordinate value to which the variation output from the T-coordinate adding unit 112 is added.
FIG. 30 shows the variation increment selection circuit 10 of FIGS. 25 and 28.
The storage rule of the variation value 0.00 to 0.75 for the table set to 4,110 is shown. In FIG. 30, 0 to 3 correspond to increment values 0.00 to 0.75. For example, taking the first row where Y = 00 as an example,
Since the magnification N = 4, 0 is set first, then N / 2, that is, 4/2 = 2 is moved to the right and 1 is set. Then on the opposite left side N / 4, ie 4/4 =
Go back one and set 2. When the processing of the first column is completed, the last number 3 in the first row is sequentially set to 3, 2, 1, 0 in the Y-axis direction.

For the second, third, and fourth rows, the numerical sequence of the first row preceding the last 2, 1, 0 is inserted. The sequence of numbers shall loop to the left when it reaches the right. For example,
For the last 2 in the second row, 0 is set because there is 0 before 2 in the first row. Before 0, 3 is set because the first line is connected to 3 at the right end. Since there is 1 before 3 in the first row, 1 is set at the beginning of the second row. According to the rule shown in FIG. 30, appropriate dispersion processing can be performed by creating the variation increment value tables shown in FIGS. 25 and 28.

FIG. 31 shows a picture mapping pattern with a ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 4 in a state where there is no variation, and a block-like pattern is conspicuous in enlarged drawing. FIG. 32 shows a case in which there is variation in the ratios 1: 1 and 1: 4.
Increased variation! By adding the values, the boundaries of the blocks are broken and dispersed, and the blocks can be made inconspicuous when viewed from a distance.

FIG. 33 shows S-coordinate values without variation when the enlargement ratio is 1: 8, FIG. 34 shows a table of S-coordinate variation values used for the 1: 4 enlargement drawing, and FIG. The S coordinate value obtained by adding FIGS. 33 and 34 is shown. Further, FIGS. 36, 37, and 38 show T coordinate values without variation in the one-to-eight enlargement drawing, the variation table, and the T coordinate values after variation addition.

FIG. 40 shows a texture pattern enlarged and drawn in a ratio of 1 to 8 without variation, and 8 × 8 block-shaped boundaries are conspicuous. FIG. 41 shows a texture pattern in which variation is added at an enlargement ratio of 1 to 8, the boundaries of blocks are almost completely broken, and even if enlarged drawing is performed, it is not recognized as block noise, and smooth drawing of a smooth texture pattern is performed. Can be realized.

On the other hand, in FIG. 23, when writing an appropriate texture pattern to be used for texture mapping in the texture pattern memory 64, the S coordinate calculation unit 7
The increment value K ₁ of the increment register 82 of _{No. 4} is K ₁ = 1 and the increment value K ₂ of the increment register 92 of the T coordinate calculation unit 76 is K ₂ = 0.
Further, the variation increment values of the variation increment selection circuits 104 and 110 are all set to 0. As a result, the texture pixel data transferred from the external hard disk or the like can be written in one line in the S-axis direction of the texture pattern memory 64. When the writing for one line in the S-axis direction is completed, the value of the T coordinate register 90 is incremented by 1 to move to the next S-axis line, and S
It suffices to return the coordinate register 80 to the initial value, set the start point of the next line, and similarly write the texture pixel data in the S-axis line direction.

In the above embodiment, the case of magnifying and drawing at the ratio of 1: 4 and 1: 8 is taken as an example, but the ratio of magnification can be appropriately determined as necessary. Further, in order to simplify the explanation, the coordinate values (u,
v) and the coordinate value (s, t) of the ST texture coordinate are 1: 1
Although the case where the coordinate conversion corresponding to is not required is described as an example, the same can be applied to the case where the coordinate conversion in which the increment values K ₁ and K ₂ have a value of 1 or more is required.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the texture mapping mechanism is realized by the DSP is taken as an example, but it may be constituted by dedicated hardware, or a part of the processing is realized by software by a program. You may do it. Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the parallel processing of the pipeline structure is taken as an example of the drawing operation mechanism.
The variation processing at the time of enlarged drawing shown in FIG. 23 can be applied to the texture mapping by a single DSP or MPU as it is.

[0080]

As described above, according to the present invention, the same pattern is stored in a plurality of texture pattern memories and a plurality of mapping mechanisms perform parallel processing at the same time, thereby enabling higher speed drawing. On the other hand, different patterns are stored in a plurality of texture pattern memories, one of them is selected, and the same memory is sequentially accessed by a plurality of mapping units in a time division manner to perform drawing, but the drawing speed becomes slower, but external Since the replacement of the texture pattern is unnecessary, it is possible to draw much faster than when the pattern replacement occurs.

When a texture pattern is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: N, the ST texture coordinates to be read are dispersed by enlarging and drawing by randomly adding variation values according to the writing display coordinates of the frame memory. In this case, the block-shaped boundaries can be dispersed to make them inconspicuous, and the texture pattern can be appropriately enlarged and drawn even in simple enlarged drawing that does not require linear interpolation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of parallel processing and time division processing according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the principle of enlarged drawing according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the drawing operation mechanism of FIG.

5 is a block diagram showing details of the DSP shown in FIG. 4;

6 is an explanatory diagram of an 8-parallel pipeline realized by the drawing operation mechanism of FIG.

7 is an explanatory diagram of a five-dimensional hypercube realized by the drawing operation mechanism of FIG.

8 is an explanatory diagram of a calculation function of the drawing calculation mechanism of FIG.

9 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the drawing mechanism of FIG.

FIG. 10: 8 for frame memory of 3D drawing mechanism
Explanatory drawing showing simultaneous drawing of × 16 pixels

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a pixel data structure according to the present invention.

12 is a block diagram of an embodiment showing a parallel processing mode in the three-dimensional drawing mechanism of FIG.

13 is a block diagram of an embodiment showing a time division processing mode in the three-dimensional drawing mechanism of FIG.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing mapping processing in the parallel processing mode and the time-division processing mode according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of texture patterns mapped in the parallel processing mode.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of texture patterns mapped in a time division processing mode.

FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of a texture mapping mechanism provided in a drawing processing unit.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of texture mapping with coordinate conversion.

FIG. 19 is a specific explanatory diagram of texture mapping taking a quadrilateral polygon as an example.

20 is an explanatory diagram summarizing the numerical values of the coordinate conversion of FIG.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of polygon command data used for texture mapping.

22 is a flowchart showing the processing operation of the texture mapping of FIG.

FIG. 23 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of a texture mapping mechanism of the present invention used for enlarged drawing.

FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of the S coordinate value of the mapping pattern that changes according to the lower 2 bits of the XY display coordinate value when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 4.

FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram of the S coordinate variation value that changes according to the lower 2 bits of the XY display coordinate value when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 4.

26 is an explanatory diagram showing the addition result of the S coordinate value of FIG. 24 and the S coordinate variation value of FIG. 25.

FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram of the T coordinate value of the mapping pattern that changes according to the lower 2 bits of the XY display coordinate value when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 4.

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of a T coordinate variation value that changes according to the lower 2 bits of the XY display coordinate value when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 4.

29 is an explanatory diagram showing the addition result of the T coordinate value of FIG. 27 and the T coordinate variation value of FIG. 28.

FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram showing the order of table arrangement of variation values in FIGS. 25 and 28.

FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram of a texture pattern drawn at a ratio of 1 to 4 without adding variation values.

FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram of a texture pattern drawn with a ratio of 1: 4 by adding variation values.

FIG. 33 is an explanatory diagram of the S coordinate value of the mapping pattern that changes according to the lower 3 bits of the XY display coordinate value when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 8.

FIG. 34 is an explanatory diagram of an S coordinate variation value that changes according to the lower 3 bits of the XY display coordinate value when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 8.

35 is an explanatory diagram showing the addition result of the S coordinate value of FIG. 33 and the S coordinate variation value of FIG. 34.

FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram of a T coordinate value of a mapping pattern that changes according to the lower 3 bits of the XY display coordinate value when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 8.

FIG. 37 is an explanatory diagram of the T coordinate variation value that changes according to the lower 3 bits of the XY display coordinate value when the image is enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 8.

38 is an explanatory diagram showing the addition result of the T coordinate value of FIG. 36 and the T coordinate variation value of FIG. 37.

FIG. 39 is an explanatory diagram showing the order of the table arrangement of the variation values used when enlarging and drawing with 1 to 8;

FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram of a texture pattern drawn at a ratio of 1 to 8 without adding variation values.

FIG. 41 is an explanatory diagram of a texture pattern drawn with a ratio of 1 to 8 by adding variation values.

FIG. 42 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a conventional texture mapping mechanism.

FIG. 43 is an explanatory diagram of a storage pattern of a texture pattern memory.

FIG. 44 is a drawing explanatory diagram of a texture pattern drawn at a ratio of 1: 1.

FIG. 45 is an explanatory diagram of a texture pattern enlarged and drawn at a ratio of 1: 4.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10: Overall control unit 11: CPU 12: Main storage unit (MSU) 13: Data input unit 14: Host adapter 16: System bus 18: Drawing operation mechanism 20: Parallel data distribution mechanism 22, 22-1, 22-2: Three-dimensional drawing mechanism 24: Depth data control mechanism 26: Two-dimensional drawing mechanism 28: Color display 32, 32-1 to 32-8: Drawing processing unit 34: Frame memory 36: Transfer buffer 38: Display frame memory 40: Display Control unit 42-1 to 42-8: Pipeline 44: Local bus 45: Global bus 48-1 to 48-n: Batch drawing area (8 × 16 pixels) 50: Pixel 60, 60-1 to 60-32: DSP 62, 66: Switching circuit 64, 64-1 to 64-8: Texture pattern memory 68-1 to 68-8: Register 70: Ma 72: conversion coefficient generation unit 74: S coordinate calculation unit 75: control unit 76: T coordinate calculation unit 78, 88: selector 80: S coordinate register 82, 92: increment register 84, 94, 106, 112: adder 90: T coordinate register 86, 96: Loop circuit 98: Three-dimensional object 100: Texture pattern 102: Two-dimensional surface shape 104, 110: Variation increment selection circuit 200: CPU 202: Program RAM (SRAM) 204: Data memory (DRAM ) 206: Communication channel

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. A texture pattern storage means (64) for storing a texture pattern consisting of a set of texture pixel data at an address designated by coordinate values (s, t) of two-dimensional ST texture coordinates, and corresponding to a display screen. A storage unit for display (34) which stores the two-dimensional image of the surface shape of the three-dimensional object by writing the texture pixel data at an address designated by the coordinate value (x, y) of the two-dimensional XY display coordinates. , Two-dimensional UV surface shape coordinates are generated by projecting the surface shape when the texture pattern is pasted on a three-dimensional object defined by a collection of polygons, and the coordinate values (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinates are generated. The texture pattern storage means (6
4) The coordinate value (s, t) of the ST texture coordinate is converted to read the corresponding texture pixel data, and the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinate corresponding to the coordinate value (u, v).
In a three-dimensional graphic drawing device provided with a mapping means (32) for designating and writing in the display storage means (34), the texture pattern storage means (64) and the mapping means (32) When a plurality of sets are provided and the same texture pattern is stored in the plurality of texture pattern storage means (64), the texture pixel data at different coordinate positions are self-generated by one access by the plurality of mapping means (32) of each set. From the texture pattern storage means (64) of the display memory means (3).
4), the parallel processing means for simultaneously writing the texture patterns and the plurality of texture pattern storage means (64) storing different types of texture patterns, any one of the plurality of texture pattern storage means (64)
Selecting one of them and sequentially reading texture pixel data by the mapping means (32) of each set to display the storage means (3
4) A time-division processing means for writing to the 3) graphics rendering device. 2. The three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the texture pattern storage means (6)
A three-dimensional graphics drawing device, characterized in that a set of 4) and a mapping means (32) is provided in N sets according to the number of lines N in the X-axis direction that are simultaneously mapped in the display storage means (34). 3. The three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mapping means (32) is used when a two-dimensional texture pattern is pasted on a three-dimensional object defined by an aggregate of polygons. Surface projected 2
Surface shape coordinate generation means for generating coordinate values (u, v) of three-dimensional UV surface shape coordinates, and vertex coordinate values (u, v of polygons forming the surface shape.
v) and the corresponding vertex coordinate values (s, t) of the ST texture coordinates, an initial value (s ₀ , t ₀ ) and an increment value (K ₁ , K ₂ ) used for coordinate conversion between the two coordinates are obtained. A conversion coefficient generating means (72) for generating, an S coordinate register (80) for holding the S coordinate initial value (s ₀ ) of the ST texture coordinates, and an S coordinate increment value (K ₁ ) for the ST texture coordinates are held. The S coordinate increment register (82) and the coordinate value (u) of the UV surface shape coordinates between the vertices are added, and the S coordinate initial value (s ₀ ) and the S coordinate increment value (K ₁ ) are added. Then, the addition result is changed to a new S coordinate value (s).
S coordinate adder circuit (84) for holding in the S coordinate register (80), T coordinate register (90) for holding the T coordinate initial value (t ₀ ) of the texture coordinate, and T coordinate increment of the texture coordinate A T coordinate increment register (92) holding a value (K ₂ ), and a T coordinate initial value (t ₀ ) and a T coordinate increment each time the coordinate value (v) of the UV surface shape coordinate between the vertices is input. The value (K ₂ ) is added, and the addition result is added to the new T coordinate value (t).
A three-dimensional graphics drawing device comprising: a T-coordinate adding circuit (94) held in the T-coordinate register (90). 4. The three-dimensional graphics drawing device according to claim 3, wherein the conversion coefficient generating means (72) calculates two pixel vertex coordinate values in the U-axis direction of the UV surface shape coordinates (u _0). , V ₀ ), (u _e , v ₀ ), and S
When the two pixel vertex coordinate values of the T texture coordinate in the S axis direction are (s ₀ , t ₀ ), (s _e , t ₀ ), the S coordinate increment value (K ₁ ) is K ₁ = (s A three-dimensional graphics drawing device characterized by obtaining as _e −s ₀ ) / (u _e −u ₀ ). 5. The three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the conversion coefficient generating means (72) calculates the coordinate values of two pixel vertices in the V-axis direction of the UV surface shape coordinates (u). _0, v _0), and (u _0, v _e), and the coordinate values of the two pixels vertices of T axis direction of the TS texture coordinates (s _0, t _0), and (s _0, t _e) When
Wherein T coordinates increment _{(K 2), K 2 =} (t e -t 0) / (v e -v 0) 3 -dimensional graphics drawing apparatus characterized by determining a. 6. A coordinate value of a two-dimensional UV surface shape coordinate (u, u, which is a projection of a surface shape when a two-dimensional texture pattern is pasted on a three-dimensional object defined by an aggregate of polygons).
v) surface shape coordinate generation means (10), and polygon vertex coordinate values (u, v) forming the surface shape.
And initial value (s ₀ , t ₀ ) and increment value (K ₁ , K ₂ ) used for coordinate conversion between the two coordinates, from the corresponding vertex coordinate value (s, t) of ST texture coordinates. A conversion coefficient generating means (72), an S coordinate register (80) which holds the S coordinate initial value (s ₀ ) of the ST texture coordinates, and an S coordinate which holds the S coordinate increment value (K ₁ ) of the ST texture coordinates. Every time the coordinate increment register (82) and the coordinate value (u) of the UV surface shape coordinates between the vertices are input, the S coordinate initial value (s ₀ ) and the S coordinate increment value (K ₁ ) are added, A new S coordinate value (s) is added to the addition result.
And an S coordinate adder (84) held in the S coordinate register (80), and coordinate values (x, y) of XY display coordinates corresponding to the coordinate values (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinates when the enlargement mode is set. )
And a variation value (Δs) of the S coordinate variation selection circuit (104) for outputting a variation value (Δs) designated by the coordinate value (Δs) from the S coordinate register (80). s) and the texture pattern storage means (6
4) S coordinate variation adding circuit (106), a T coordinate register (90) that holds the T coordinate initial value (t ₀ ) of the ST texture coordinates, and a T coordinate increment value (K) of the ST texture coordinates. ₂ ) and the coordinate value (v) of the UV surface shape coordinate between the vertices, each time the T coordinate initial value (t ₀ ) and the T coordinate increment value (K) are input. ₂ ) is added, and the addition result is added to a new T coordinate value (t).
And a T coordinate adder (94) held in the T coordinate register (90), and coordinate values (x, y) of XY display coordinates corresponding to the coordinate values (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinates when the enlargement mode is set. )
And a variation value (Δt) of the T-coordinate variation selection circuit (112) for outputting a variation value (Δt) designated by the coordinate value (Δt) from the T-coordinate register (90). t) and the texture pattern storage means (6
4) T coordinate variation adding circuit (112),
A three-dimensional graphics drawing device characterized by being provided with. 7. The three-dimensional graphics drawing device according to claim 6, wherein the conversion coefficient generating means (72) enlarges the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinate by N times. When setting the expansion mode for expanding to XY display coordinates, the increment value (K ₁ , K ₂ ) is set to 1 / N, and the coordinate values (u, v) of N consecutive UV surface shape coordinates are input. Per S
A three-dimensional graphics drawing device characterized by continuously generating the same coordinate values (s, t) of T texture coordinates. 8. The three-dimensional graphics drawing device according to claim 6, wherein the S-coordinate variation selection circuit (104).
And the T-coordinate variation selection circuit (110)
XY by enlarging the coordinate value (u, v) of the surface shape coordinate by N times
When setting the expansion mode that expands to the display coordinates, the increment value (K
_1, K ₂₎ one with minimum increment of N min (K ₁ / N),
Increase from 0 as (K ₂ / N) as one unit (N-1)
・ N kinds of variation values up to (K ₁ / N), (N-1), and (K ₂ / N) are randomly stored at positions specified by coordinate values (x, y) of XY display coordinates. Prepare the table and set the coordinate values (x,
y) the table is searched and the corresponding variation value (Δ
s, Δt) is selected, a three-dimensional graphics drawing device. 9. The three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the address of the table is designated by the lower bit of the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinates. Graphics drawing device. 10. The three-dimensional graphics drawing device according to claim 6, wherein the conversion coefficient generating means (72) magnifies the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinate by four times. At the time of setting the expansion mode for expanding to XY display coordinates, the increment value (K ₁ , K ₂ ) is set to 1/4, and the coordinate values (u, v) of four continuous UV surface shape coordinates are input. A three-dimensional graphics drawing device characterized by continuously generating the same coordinate value (s, t) of ST texture coordinates. 11. The three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the S-coordinate variation selection circuit (10).
4) and the T-coordinate variation selection circuit (112) enlarges the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinate by 4 times and expands the coordinate value (u, v) to the XY display coordinate, when setting the increment value (K ₁ , K ₂ ) is a quarter of the minimum increment value 0.25
The four types of variation values 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 that increase from 0 to 0.75 are calculated as X.
A table randomly stored at a position designated by the coordinate value (x, y) of the Y display coordinate is prepared, and the table is searched by the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinate at the time of mapping, and the corresponding dispersion value is obtained. A three-dimensional graphics drawing device characterized by selecting (Δs, Δt). 12. The three-dimensional graphics drawing device according to claim 11, wherein the address of the table is designated by the lower 2 bits of the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinates. Dimensional graphics drawing device. 13. The three-dimensional graphics drawing device according to claim 6, wherein the conversion coefficient generating means (72) magnifies the coordinate value (u, v) of the UV surface shape coordinate by 8 times. When setting the expansion mode for expanding to XY display coordinates, the increment value (K ₁ , K ₂ ) is set to 1/8 and the coordinate values (u, v) of eight continuous UV surface shape coordinates are input. A three-dimensional graphics drawing device characterized by continuously generating the same coordinate value (s, t) of ST texture coordinates. 14. A three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said S-coordinate variation selection circuit (10).
4) and T coordinate variation selection circuit (110), the coordinate values of the UV surface shape coordinates (u, v) when setting the enlargement mode to expand the XY display coordinates to expand to 8 times, the increment value (K ₁ , K ₂ ) is increased by 1/8 as a minimum increment value of 0.125, and eight types of variation values from 0 to 0.875 0.000, 0.125, 0.250, 0.
375, 0.500, 0.625, 0.750, 0.8
75 is randomly stored in a position designated by the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinates, and the table is searched by the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinate at the time of mapping. A three-dimensional graphics drawing device characterized by selecting a corresponding variation value (Δs, Δt). 15. The three-dimensional graphics drawing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the address of the table is specified by the lower 3 bits of the coordinate value (x, y) of the XY display coordinates. Dimensional graphics drawing device. 16. The three-dimensional graphics drawing device according to claim 6, wherein the conversion coefficient generating means (72) calculates the coordinate values of two pixel vertices in the U-axis direction of the UV surface shape coordinates (u). ₀ , v ₀ ), (u _e , v ₀ ), and the coordinate values of the two pixel vertices in the S axis direction of the ST texture coordinates are (s ₀ , t ₀ ), (s _e , t ₀ ). At this time, the three-dimensional graphics drawing device is characterized in that the S coordinate increment value (K ₁ ) is obtained as K ₁ = (s _e −s ₀ ) / (u _e −u ₀ ). 17. The three-dimensional graphics drawing device according to claim 6, wherein the conversion coefficient generating means (72) calculates the coordinate values of two pixel vertices in the V-axis direction of the UV surface shape coordinates (u). _0, v _0), and (u _0, v _e), and the coordinate values of the two pixels vertices of T axis direction of the ST texture coordinates (s _0, t _0), and (s _0, t _e) when, the T coordinate increment value _{(K 2), K 2 =} (t e -t 0) / (v e -v 0) 3 -dimensional graphics drawing apparatus characterized by determining a.