JPH06291531A - Frequency switching type glass antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the frequency switching type glass antenna which can be provided in a space being in common with a monopole antenna. CONSTITUTION:The glass antenna 1 is constituted by bringing each one end 2a, 3a of a first radiation pattern 2 and a second radiation pattern 3 being vertical and different in length close to each other to the extent that they do not come into contact with each other, providing them roughly in a V-shape against the vertical direction of a windowpane W of the rear part of a vehicle, etc., and also, providing a ground pattern 4 being vertically long in the lower part of this roughly V-shape pattern. Also, one radiation pattern and the ground pattern are connected to a feeding cable. Accordingly, this glass antenna can be used by two kinds of frequencies by reconnecting it to the other radiation pattern. Also, since each one end of the radiation patterns is adjacent to each other, the reconnection can be executed in a state that a position of the feeding cable remains fixed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of a glass antenna arranged mainly on a window glass of a vehicle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A window glass antenna filed by the present applicant as an example of a conventional window glass antenna (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-386).
No. 28) is shown in FIG. This window glass antenna 80 has a radiation pattern 8 in the vertical direction of the glass surface.
1 is provided, and a grounding pattern 82 having a hollow shape is provided below. And the radiation pattern 8
1, the core wire of the power feeding coaxial cable is connected to the lower end portion 81a, the braided wire of the power feeding coaxial cable is connected to the upper end central portion 82a of the grounding pattern 82, and the other end of this cable is connected to an antenna of a car telephone device or a radio. It was connected to the terminal.

As another example, FIG. 22 shows a pattern diagram of a window glass antenna (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-327369) filed by the present applicant. In this window glass antenna 90, when the grounding pattern 91 is provided on the left end of the glass surface, the radiation pattern 92 is arranged close to the left side portion of the grounding pattern 91, and when the grounding pattern 91 is provided on the right side. The radiation pattern 92 is arranged close to the right side portion of the grounding pattern, and the grounding pattern 91 has a hollow shape. 91a and 92a are power supply terminals.

Since the antenna is formed on the glass surface in this manner, the protrusion like the whip antenna is eliminated, and the air resistance when the vehicle is running can be reduced. It was also suitable in terms of improving the appearance.

[0005]

However, since the window glass antennas 80 and 90 are so-called monopole antennas (single frequency antennas), another set of antennas must be prepared in order to use them at different frequencies. There wasn't. However, arranging two sets of monopole antennas on one window glass requires double the space. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a frequency switchable glass antenna that can be arranged in a space similar to a monopole antenna.

[0006]

One end of a first radiation pattern and one end of a second radiation pattern having different lengths are brought close to each other so as not to come into contact with each other, and are arranged in a substantially V shape in the vertical direction of the glass surface. A grounding pattern was arranged below these two patterns.

The first radiation pattern and the second radiation pattern having different lengths are arranged substantially in parallel with each other in the vertical direction of the glass surface, and the lower end portions of these two patterns are aligned at substantially the same position. Good.

The length of the first radiation pattern is about (1/4) λ1 with respect to the first wavelength λ1, and the length of the second radiation pattern is about (1 /) with respect to the second wavelength λ2. 5) λ2
To about (1/4) λ2, and the vertical length of the ground pattern is about (1/4) λ1 to about (1/4) λ2.
The length of the ground pattern in the left-right direction is approximately (1/4) λ
It may be 2 to about (3/4) λ1.

The radiation pattern or the ground pattern may have a hollow shape.

[0010]

Since two radiation patterns having different lengths are provided, it is possible to resonate at two different frequencies by combining either one of the radiation patterns and the ground pattern. Further, if one ends of the radiation patterns are brought close to each other, the core wires can be reconnected while the power feeding cable is fixed. On the other hand, since the grounding pattern is shared, it can be realized by adding only one radiation pattern having a different length to the conventional monopole antenna. Therefore, it is possible to dispose in a relatively narrow space like a monopole antenna.

Both radiation patterns are arranged substantially in parallel, and the lower ends of these patterns are aligned at substantially the same position. For example, one radiation pattern is arranged on the right side of the ground pattern.
If the other radiation pattern is arranged closer to the left side,
The window glass antenna 90 of the conventional example has been developed into a two-frequency switching type.

By setting the sizes of the radiation pattern and the ground pattern according to certain conditions, it is possible to obtain frequency characteristics close to those of a monopole antenna.

The visibility can be improved by forming the radiation pattern or the ground pattern into a hollow shape.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, 800MHz band and 1.5G
The antenna for the Hz band will be described, but the frequency is not limited to these frequencies.

FIG. 1 is an antenna pattern diagram of a first embodiment of a frequency switching type glass antenna according to the present invention. First
The embodiment corresponds to the invention of claim 1. The frequency switchable glass antenna 1 has a vertically long and different length 1st radiation pattern 2 and 2nd radiation pattern 3 whose ends 2a and 3a are brought close to each other so as not to contact each other, and the upper and lower windows of a rear window glass W of a vehicle, etc. In addition to being arranged in a substantially V shape with respect to the direction, a vertically long and horizontally long grounding pattern 4 is arranged below the substantially V shape pattern. As will be described later, F2 and F3 on the first and second radiation pattern sides are feeding points, and E on the grounding pattern side is a grounding point.

The first radiation pattern 2 is at an angle of 30 degrees clockwise with respect to the vertical axis D of the glass, and the second radiation pattern 3 is at 30 degrees counterclockwise with respect to the vertical axis D. I set it in degrees. The angle is not limited to 30 degrees. Further, the patterns 2 and 3 may be set at different angles.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the vicinity of the feeding point of the glass antenna 1. Lower end 2 of the first radiation pattern 2
A feeding point F2 is provided near a, a feeding point F3 is provided near the lower end portion 3a of the second radiation pattern 3, and a grounding point is provided at the upper end central portion E (4a, 4a) of the grounding pattern 4. There is.

The feeding point F of the second radiation pattern 3 is also provided.
3 is connected to the core wire 6a of the feeding coaxial cable 6 and the grounding point E of the grounding pattern 4 is connected to the grounding braided wire 6b of the coaxial cable 6, the resonance frequency is the second frequency.
It is determined by the length of the radiation pattern 3.

Similarly, when the core wire 6a of the cable 6 is connected to the feeding point F2 of the first radiation pattern 2,
The resonance frequency is determined by the length of the first radiation pattern 2. The other end of the cable 6 is connected to an antenna terminal of a car telephone device or a radio (not shown).

That is, the frequency can be switched by a relatively simple operation of changing the connection of the core wire 6a. Further, since the lower end portions 2a and 3a are brought close to each other, the coaxial cable 6
It is also possible to reconnect while fixing the.

On the other hand, since the grounding pattern 4 is shared, it can be realized by adding only one radiation pattern having a different length to the conventional monopole antenna. Therefore, it is possible to dispose in a relatively narrow space like a monopole antenna.

FIG. 3 is an antenna pattern diagram of the second embodiment of the frequency switching type glass antenna according to the present invention. Second
The embodiment corresponds to the invention of claim 2. The frequency switching type glass antenna 11 has a first radiation pattern 12 and a second radiation pattern 13 which are vertically long and different in length, substantially parallel to the vertical direction of the window glass surface W, and the lower end portions of the patterns 12 and 13. 12a and 13a are arranged at substantially the same position, and a long ground pattern 14 is arranged vertically and horizontally below the radiation patterns 12 and 13.

Feed points F12 and F13 are provided near the lower ends 12a and 13a of the radiation patterns 12 and 13, respectively, and ground points E12 and E13 corresponding to these feed points F12 and F13 are the ground patterns. Upper end 1 of 14
4a.

When the core wire of a coaxial cable (not shown) is connected to the feeding point F12 and the braided wire of this cable is connected to the grounding point E12, resonance occurs at a frequency determined by the length of the radiation pattern 12. On the other hand, when the core wire of the coaxial cable is connected to the feeding point F13 and the braided wire of this cable is connected to the ground point E13, the resonance occurs at a frequency determined by the length of the radiation pattern 13.

That is, the two radiation patterns 12 and 13 are substantially parallel to each other, and the lower end edge portion 12 of these patterns 12 and 13
a and 13a are arranged at substantially the same position. For example, the first radiation pattern 12 is on the right side portion 14R of the grounding pattern 14, and the second radiation pattern 13 is on the left side portion 1.
When the window glass antenna 90 is arranged close to 4 L, the conventional window glass antenna 90 is developed as a two-frequency switching type. Further, since only one radiation pattern is added to the conventional antenna, the cost can be slightly increased.

Next, the dimensional relationship of each pattern in the first and second embodiments will be described. The dimensional relationship of this pattern corresponds to the invention of claim 3. That is, when the wavelength with respect to the resonance frequency f (Hz) is λ (m), the wavelength is obtained by the following equation.

[0027]

[Formula 1] λ = (c / f) · k

However, c is the speed of light (3 · 10 ⁸ m / se)
c. ), K is the shortening rate (0.6) of the glass antenna in the present embodiment.

According to this equation 1, the wavelength λ1 for 1.5 GHz is 0.12 m. By the way, the length of the first radiation patterns 2 and 12 is about (1/4) of this λ1.
It is set to be λ1. Therefore, the lengths of the first radiation patterns 2 and 12 of the first and second embodiments are both set to 30 mm.

Similarly, the wavelength λ2 for 800 MHz is 0.225 m according to the equation (1). By the way, the length of the second radiation patterns 3 and 13 is about (1
/ 5) λ2 to about (1/4) λ2.

Therefore, the length of the second radiation pattern 3 of the first embodiment is set to 60 mm, and the length of the second radiation pattern 13 of the second embodiment is set to 45 mm.

The widths of the first radiation patterns 2, 12 and the second radiation patterns 3, 13 are both 5 mm, and the radiation patterns 2, 3, 12, 13 and the ground patterns 4, 14 are Both of the intervals were set to 2 mm.

On the other hand, for the wavelengths λ1 and λ2, the vertical lengths of the ground patterns 4 and 14 are about (1/4) λ1.
.About. (1/4) .lamda.2, and the length of the ground patterns 4, 14 in the left-right direction is about (1/4) .lamda.
Set to. Therefore, the ground pattern 4 of the first embodiment has a vertical length of 35 mm and a horizontal length of 60.
mm, the vertical length of the ground pattern 14 of the second embodiment was set to 35 mm, and the horizontal length was set to 75 mm.

FIG. 4 is a frequency characteristic graph for the 800 MHz band of the first embodiment, and FIG. 5 is 1.5 GHz of the first embodiment.
6 and 7 are frequency characteristic measurement data for the first embodiment (for reference), FIG. 8 is a frequency characteristic graph for the 800 MHz band of the second embodiment, and FIG. 9 is a second embodiment. A frequency characteristic graph for the 1.5 GHz band, and FIG. 10 is measurement data (for reference) of the frequency characteristic of the second embodiment.

4 to 10, the 800M standard means that the resonance frequency of the conventional window glass antenna 80 is 80.
In case of 0MHz monopole antenna, 1.5G
The standard is a case of a monopole antenna having a resonance frequency of 1.5 GHz among the window glass antennas 80 of the conventional example.

In FIGS. 4 to 7, that is, in the antenna 1 of the first embodiment, shared (deg = 0) means that two radiation patterns have an angle of 0 degrees, and shared (deg = 15) means that two radiation patterns are emitted. The angle of the radiation pattern with respect to the vertical axis D is 15 degrees, and the common use (deg = 30) is the case where the angle of the two radiation patterns with respect to the vertical axis D is 30 degrees.

The common use in FIGS. 8 to 10 is the second.
This is the antenna 11 of the embodiment.

First, the antenna 1 of the first embodiment will be described. According to FIG. 4, in the vicinity of 800 MHz where the frequency is relatively low in the 800 MHz band, there is little decrease in gain with respect to the standard antenna and there is little difference due to the angles of both radiation patterns, but the gain gradually increases as the frequency increases. The decrease of is large. This decrease in gain is the smallest when the angle is 0 degree (deg = 0), that is, when the angle is parallel,
Then 15 degrees (deg = 15), and finally 30 degrees (deg)
= 30). Therefore, it can be seen that the smaller the angle, the smaller the decrease in gain. However, the decrease in gain is about 3 dB (in the case of deg = 30) even at 900 MHz or more, which is relatively large, and a gain sufficient for practical use can be secured.

According to FIG. 5, in the 1.5 GHz band, the gain is slightly lower than that of the standard antenna in the vicinity of 1400 MHz where the frequency is relatively low, but the gain is increased in the vicinity of 1500 MHz where the frequency is relatively high. The decrease is small, and the difference between the angles of both radiation patterns is small.
Further, the shared (deg = 0) frequency characteristic is closest to that of the standard antenna, and the gain is slightly higher than that of the standard antenna in the vicinity of a low frequency of 1400 MHz. On the other hand, it cannot be said that the larger the angle of the two radiation patterns is, the larger the decrease of the gain is, and it is difficult to uniformly determine the relationship between the angle and the gain.

According to the above measurement results, in the case of the first embodiment, it is possible to suppress the decrease in gain by making the angles of the two radiation patterns as close to 0 degree (that is, parallel) as much as possible. The angle of the radiation pattern may be set arbitrarily, but as a result of experiments, it has been found that relatively good results are obtained in the range of 0 to 30 degrees.

It was also found that the gain changes when the angle formed by both radiation patterns is changed. Therefore, if the relationship between the angle of the radiation pattern and the gain is investigated in advance, the radiation pattern can be arranged at the optimum angle for the target frequency.

On the other hand, by setting the dimensions of the radiation pattern and the ground pattern according to certain conditions, it is possible to obtain frequency characteristics close to those of a monopole antenna.

Next, the antenna 11 of the second embodiment will be described. According to FIG. 8, in the 800 MHz band, the gain is slightly higher than the standard in the vicinity of a low frequency of 800 MHz, and is slightly lower than the standard in the vicinity of a high frequency of 900 MHz.

According to FIG. 9, in the 1.5 GHz band, the gain is lower than that of the standard antenna by about 1 to 2 dB within the band, but the waveform curve is close to that of the standard antenna.

As described above, the frequency characteristic of the second embodiment is similar to that when the angle of the antenna 1 is 0 degree.

Next, modified examples of the first and second embodiments will be described. 11 to 20 are antenna pattern diagrams of the third to twelfth embodiments.

First, a modification of the first embodiment will be described. In the third embodiment of FIG. 11, the frequency switching type glass antenna 21 includes two radiation patterns 22 and 23 arranged in a substantially V shape in the vertical direction, and this pattern 2
2, 23, and a grounding pattern 24 having a relatively wide width and having a lower side 24a formed in an arc shape. The visibility can be improved by arranging the lower side 24a along the lower edge Wa of the rear window glass W and arranging the patterns 22 to 24 at the corners of the window glass W as a whole.

The fourth embodiment of FIG. 12 corresponds to the invention of claim 4 in which the radiation pattern has a hollow shape. The frequency switchable glass antenna 31 includes two radiation patterns 32 and 33 arranged in a vertical V-shape.
And a grounding pattern 34 disposed below the patterns 32 and 33. Further, the radial pattern 3
Reference numerals 2 and 33 are hollowed out because they are formed by arranging three thin conductive wires substantially in parallel. Therefore, the radial patterns 32 and 33 are less noticeable and the visibility can be improved.

The fifth embodiment of FIG. 13 corresponds to the grounding pattern of the invention of claim 4 which has a hollow shape. The frequency switching type glass antenna 41 includes two radiation patterns 42, 43 arranged in a vertical V-shape.
And a grounding pattern 44 disposed below the patterns 42 and 43. Since the grounding pattern 44 is formed in a hollow shape, it is less noticeable, and therefore the visibility can be improved.

The sixth embodiment of FIG. 14 corresponds to the invention of claim 4 in which both the radiation pattern and the grounding pattern are hollowed out. Frequency switchable glass antenna 5
Reference numeral 1 is composed of two radiation patterns 52 and 53 arranged in a substantially V shape in the vertical direction, and a hollow ground pattern 54 arranged below the patterns 52 and 53.
Furthermore, since each pattern is formed by arranging three thin conductive wires substantially parallel to each other, each pattern itself has a hollow shape.
Therefore, the radiation patterns 52, 53 and the ground pattern 54 are less noticeable, and the visibility can be improved more than in the fourth or fifth embodiment.

Next, a modification of the second embodiment will be described. In the seventh embodiment of FIG. 15, the frequency switching type glass antenna 61 has a first radiation pattern 62 and a second radiation pattern 63 substantially parallel to the vertical direction of the window glass surface W, and these patterns 62, Lower end portion 62a of 63,
63a are arranged in substantially the same position, and the first radiation pattern 62 is arranged on the right side portion 64R of the ground pattern 64.
In addition, the second radiation pattern 63 is arranged close to the left side portion 64L. The grounding pattern 64 has a lower side 64a formed in an arc shape. Therefore, the visibility can be improved by arranging the lower side 64a along the lower edge Wa of the rear window glass W and arranging the patterns 62 to 64 at the corners of the window glass W as a whole. it can.

In the eighth embodiment of FIG. 16, the grounding pattern of the seventh embodiment has a hollow shape. That is, the first and second radiation patterns 72, 73 arranged substantially parallel to each other.
And a grounding pattern 7 in a hollow shape arranged below the grounding pattern 7
It consists of 4 and. Therefore, the visibility can be improved.

In the ninth embodiment of FIG. 17, each pattern of the eighth embodiment is formed by arranging three thin conductive wires substantially in parallel. That is, the frequency switching type glass antenna 81
Are first and second radiation patterns 8 arranged substantially in parallel
2, 83, and a hollow grounding pattern 84 disposed below the grounding pattern 2, 83.
Is formed by arranging three thin conductive wires substantially in parallel. Therefore, each of the patterns 82 to 84 becomes inconspicuous, and the field of view can be improved more than in the eighth embodiment.

The tenth embodiment of FIG. 18 is a combination of a V-shaped radiation pattern and grounding patterns having different lengths. That is, the frequency switching type glass antenna 91 is composed of V-shaped radiation patterns 92 and 93 having different lengths, and a rectangular ground pattern 94 arranged below the radiation patterns 92 and 93. By the way, of the two patterns 92a and 92b forming the radiation pattern 92 and the two patterns 93a and 93b forming the radiation pattern 93, the opposing patterns 92a and 93a are arranged substantially in parallel. Further, these patterns 92a and 93a are the ground patterns 94.
Are arranged close to the right side portion 94R or the left side portion 94L, respectively.

The eleventh embodiment of FIG. 19 is a T-shaped radiation pattern of the tenth embodiment. That is, the frequency switching type glass antenna 101 is composed of T-shaped radiation patterns 102 and 103 having different lengths, and a rectangular ground pattern 104 disposed below the radiation patterns 102 and 103. By the way, of the two patterns 102a and 102b forming the radiation pattern 102 and the two patterns 103a and 103b forming the radiation pattern 103, the opposing patterns 102a and 103a are arranged substantially in parallel. .

In the twelfth embodiment of FIG. 20, the radiation pattern of the tenth embodiment is formed in an inverted L shape. That is,
The frequency switching type glass antenna 111 is composed of inverted L-shaped radiation patterns 112 and 113 having different lengths, and a rectangular ground pattern 114 arranged below the radiation patterns 112 and 113.
By the way, of the two patterns 112a and 112b forming the radiation pattern 112 and the two patterns 113a and 113b forming the radiation pattern 113, the opposing patterns 112a and 113a are arranged substantially in parallel. .

Also in the tenth to twelfth embodiments, the radiation pattern or the grounding pattern may be formed in a hollow shape, or these patterns may be formed by three thin conductive wires. .

Further, in the fourth, sixth and ninth embodiments,
Although the pattern is formed by three conductive wire rods, the number is not limited to three.

[0059]

Since two radiation patterns having different lengths are provided, it is possible to resonate at two different frequencies by combining any one of the radiation patterns and the ground pattern. Further, if one ends of the radiation patterns are brought close to each other, the core wires can be reconnected while the power feeding cable is fixed. On the other hand, since the grounding pattern is shared, a radiation pattern with a different length is added to the conventional monopole antenna.
This can be achieved simply by adding a book. Therefore, it can be arranged in a relatively narrow space like a monopole antenna.

Both radiation patterns are arranged substantially parallel to each other, and the lower ends of these patterns are aligned at substantially the same position. For example, one radiation pattern is arranged on the right side of the ground pattern.
If the other radiation pattern is arranged closer to the left side,
This is a development of a conventional window glass antenna (where the radiation pattern is arranged close to the left side or the right side of the ground pattern) in a two-frequency switching type.

By setting the sizes of the radiation pattern and the ground pattern according to certain conditions, it is possible to obtain frequency characteristics close to those of a monopole antenna.

The visibility can be improved by forming the radiation pattern or the grounding pattern in a hollow shape.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an antenna pattern diagram of a first embodiment of a frequency switching type glass antenna according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram in the vicinity of a feeding point of the first embodiment of the frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 3 is an antenna pattern diagram of a second embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 4 is a frequency characteristic graph for the 800 MHz band of the first embodiment of the frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 5 is a frequency characteristic graph for the 1.5 GHz band of the first embodiment of the frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 6 is measurement data of frequency characteristics for the 800 MHz band of the first embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 7: Measurement data of frequency characteristics of the same frequency-switching type glass antenna for the 1.5 GHz band of the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a frequency characteristic graph for the 800 MHz band of the second embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 9 is a frequency characteristic graph for the 1.5 GHz band of the second embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 10 is measurement data of frequency characteristics of the second embodiment of the same frequency-switching glass antenna.

FIG. 11 is an antenna pattern diagram of the third embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 12 is an antenna pattern diagram of a fourth embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 13 is an antenna pattern diagram of a fifth embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 14 is an antenna pattern diagram of a sixth embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 15 is an antenna pattern diagram of the seventh embodiment of the frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 16 is an antenna pattern diagram of an eighth embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 17 is an antenna pattern diagram of a frequency switching glass antenna according to a ninth embodiment.

FIG. 18 is an antenna pattern diagram of a tenth embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 19 is an antenna pattern diagram of the eleventh embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 20 is an antenna pattern diagram of a twelfth embodiment of the same frequency switching type glass antenna.

FIG. 21 is an antenna pattern diagram of an example of a conventional window glass antenna.

FIG. 22 is an antenna pattern diagram of another example of a conventional window glass antenna.

[Explanation of symbols]

1,11,21,31,41,51,61,71,8
1, 91, 101, 111 ... Frequency switching type glass antenna, 2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 7
2, 82, 92, 102, 112 ... First radiation pattern, 3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73,
83, 93, 103, 113 ... Second radiation pattern,
4,14,24,34,44,54,64,74,8
4,94,104,4,14,24,34,44,5
4, 64, 74, 84, 94, 104, 114 ... Grounding pattern.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A first radiation pattern and a second radiation having different lengths.
It is characterized in that one ends of the radiation patterns are brought close to each other so as not to come into contact with each other, and are arranged in a substantially V shape in the vertical direction of the glass surface, and the grounding patterns are arranged below these two patterns. Frequency switchable glass antenna. 2. A first radiation pattern and a second radiation having different lengths.
2. The frequency switching glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiation pattern is arranged substantially parallel to the vertical direction of the glass surface, and the lower ends of the two patterns are arranged at substantially the same position. 3. The length of the first radiation pattern is about (1/4) λ1 with respect to the first wavelength λ1, and the length of the second radiation pattern is about (1) with respect to the second wavelength λ2. 1/5) λ
2 to about (1/4) λ2, the vertical length of the ground pattern is about (1/4) λ1 to about (1/4) λ2, and the horizontal length of the ground pattern is About (1 /
4) λ2 to about (3/4) λ1. The frequency switching glass antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein. 4. The frequency switching glass antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiation pattern or the ground pattern has a hollow shape.