JPH06272517A - Power generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To avoid temperature rise by way of reducing heat release to the air by providing a first refrigerating cycle with intermediate pressure gas bled from a middle step of a turbine as a heat source and a refrigerating/expansion cycle furnished with a refrigerating compressor used doubly as an expander, carrying out low temperature regeneration by the first refrigerating cycle at nighttime and expansion drive of the refrigerating compressor at daytime. CONSTITUTION:By driving a steam turbine 4 with thermal steam gasified by a fusion reactor 1, power is generated by a generator 4A. Low pressure gas is gasified in the fusion reactor 1 through a condenser 5, a flash tank 2 and circulation pump 3 and Rankine cycle is repeated. At nighttime, as power consumption is small, intermediate pressure gas is taken out of an extraction steam pipe 6 of the steam turbine 4 and introduced to an absorption refrigerating machine 7, and by generating heat of evaporation on the side of evaporator 75, it is condensed and returned to the flash tank 2. At daytime, a refrigerating cycle of a regeneration tank 25 is switched over to an expansion cycle, a refrigerant refrigerated by low temperature energy of the low temperature heat accumulation tank 25 is introduced to a refrigerant evaporator 21 and heat-exhanged with sea water from the condenser 5 and others. Consequently, it is possible to prevent a large amount of heat radiation and to prevent temperature rise of the air.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus in which a cold storage cycle is combined for smoothing nighttime power and daytime power, and in particular, the global environment is sufficiently protected on both the cold storage cycle side and the power generation cycle side. It is to provide a considerate generator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Originally, it is a corporation's obligation to supply goods or services that meet the demands of people and society of the present generation in a timely manner and at an appropriate cost. Human beings and society without leaving a negative legacy such as the destruction of the global environment and the mass consumption of fossil fuels, in other words, how to preserve the common property of the earth while satisfying the social demands of the present generation. It is required to provide the goods or services to be obtained, and such a request is particularly strongly demanded from the electric power company which is a public enterprise. For this reason, in the daytime, it is possible to effectively use the surplus power at night without constructing a power generator in accordance with the peak power of cooling power consumption during the daytime, especially in the summer.
The peak power is smoothed by storing cold or heat by using the late-night power whose power consumption is significantly reduced and incorporating the heat energy into a part of the power generation cycle during the daytime.

Further, in recent years, without using a fossil fuel consumption type power generation system such as a thermal power generation in the power generation cycle, a nuclear fission type nuclear power generation such as a light water reactor, and further a fusion type in which fuel can be used infinitely. Nuclear power is being focused on. Nuclear power generation is similar to ordinary thermal power generation, and is a generator that generates power by flowing hot steam that has been gasified in a fusion reactor as a heating device into a turbine and converting pressure energy into kinetic energy. Generate electricity,
On the other hand, the low-pressure gas that has finished working in the turbine exchanges heat with seawater in a condenser to condense it, and then leads it to a flash tank,
Then, the condensate stored in the flash tank is again gasified into hot steam in the reaction furnace by the circulation pump, and the power generation cycle (Rankin cycle) is repeated. However, exchanging heat with seawater in the condenser causes seawater to become hot water, resulting in environmental damage.

Therefore, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-45095, an air-cooled condenser is used for the condenser, and the condenser is used to cool the low-pressure gas with air instead of seawater, and the generator is frozen. The machine is connected, the refrigerator is driven through the generator at night power to store the cold heat from the evaporator in the cold storage tank, and during the daytime, the low pressure gas from the turbine is guided to the cold storage tank together with the air cooling condenser. I am configuring. As a result, the heat radiation amount of the air-cooled condenser is appropriately distributed to the cold storage tank and the heat radiation amount of the air-cooled condenser is reduced accordingly, so that the temperature rise of the atmosphere can be avoided.

[0005]

However, in the case of nuclear power generation, unlike in the case of thermal power generation, it is difficult to control the fuel supply into the reactor, so a constant amount of the heat is generated day and night. Water or hot air is discharged, and as a result, the amount of low-pressure gas introduced into the air-cooled condenser does not change even during nighttime operation, and since low-temperature gas is being stored at night, it is impossible to distribute low-pressure gas to the cold storage tank. Therefore, the amount of heat released to seawater or the atmosphere cannot be reduced, and there is no defense against environmental damage.

On the other hand, in the refrigerating cycle on the side of the cold storage tank, ammonia or carbon dioxide gas refrigerant has recently been used as alternative energy for CFCs in order to prevent destruction of the ozone layer in the atmosphere. However, even when using an ammonia or carbon dioxide gas refrigerant, it is merely used as an alternative refrigerant of CFC, and the advantages of ammonia or carbon dioxide gas are not utilized at all. That is, if the technology uses ammonia as a substitute for CFCs, it basically has no meaning to use ammonia, and it is not a step forward in terms of so-called technological progress.

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention effectively discharges hot water or hot air into a seawater or the atmosphere, even in a device such as nuclear power generation, in which a steady amount of hot water or hot air is discharged regardless of day and night. It is an object of the present invention to provide a power generation device that can reduce the amount of heat radiation and smoothly store night energy and effectively prevent environmental damage. Another object of the present invention is to
While using a refrigerant alternative to CFCs in the refrigeration cycle for cold storage, effectively utilizing the advantages of the alternative refrigerants, a power generation apparatus incorporating a cold storage cycle suitable for a power generation apparatus that is several steps superior to CFCs is provided. The purpose is to provide.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in a power generator comprising a turbine and a condenser as described above, a medium pressure gas extracted from a middle stage of the turbine is used as a heat source to form an absorption or adsorption refrigeration cycle. Second refrigeration using ammonia or carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, which includes a refrigeration cycle of 1, a low temperature regenerator, an expansion motor combined refrigeration compressor to which an induction motor is connected, a low temperature regenerator, and a refrigerant evaporator. /
An expansion cycle is used, and during the nighttime operation, the evaporator of the first refrigeration cycle is used as a condenser to perform low temperature cold storage in the low temperature cold storage tank by the compression operation of the refrigeration compressor, while the low temperature cold storage tank is operated during daytime operation. The refrigerant cooled by the low temperature energy stored in the low temperature is guided to the refrigerant evaporator, and after exchanging heat with the low pressure gas discharged from the turbine or / and the heat exchange medium from the condenser, the evaporated refrigerant is used to The present invention is characterized in that the refrigeration compressor is expanded and rotated, and an induction motor connected to the refrigeration compressor is rotated as a generator. Although the present invention is preferably applied mainly to a nuclear power generation device, the present invention is not limited to this and is also applicable to a thermal power generation or a power generation device using a refuse amortization furnace as a heating source.

[0009]

The above technical means has the following actions. For example, in the case of nuclear power generation, the same hot steam as in the daytime can be obtained from the heating device side even during nighttime operation, but in this case as well, the intermediate pressure gas is supplied from the middle stage of the turbine to the absorption or adsorption refrigerator side. , The low-pressure gas introduced to the condenser side is greatly reduced, and as a result, the amount of heat released to seawater or the atmosphere that exchanges heat with the condenser can be greatly reduced, effectively preventing environmental damage. You can

Further, since the cold storage in the cold storage tank is divided into two stages of an absorption refrigerator and a refrigeration cycle of ammonia etc. to perform the refrigeration, the refrigeration compressor can be smoothly operated at −50 ° C. without increasing the axial power. The cold energy of the following low temperature energy can be stored.
In such a refrigeration cycle for storing low-temperature energy, ammonia or a carbon dioxide gas refrigerant is more advantageous than CFC, and it is possible to obtain a refrigeration efficiency that is much better than that of CFC. Further, the absorption or adsorption refrigerator that constitutes the first refrigeration cycle also uses ammonia, and as a result, a more effective cold storage cycle can be constituted without using CFCs.

Further, during the daytime, the refrigerant cooled by the low temperature energy stored in the low temperature cold storage tank at low temperature is guided to the refrigerant evaporator to exchange heat with the low pressure gas discharged from the turbine. Is cooled to an extremely low temperature of -50 ° C or less, the load on the condenser side can be greatly reduced, and further, the heat exchange medium from the condenser on the refrigerant evaporator side, specifically seawater. It is possible to effectively reduce the temperature of the seawater itself by exchanging heat with the water, and it is also possible to form a closed cycle by circulating the seawater or fluid between the condensers. Can be effectively blocked. Further, the evaporated refrigerant after heat exchange in the refrigerant evaporator can perform expansion rotation of the refrigerating compressor and generate a power through an induction motor connected to the refrigerating compressor. Even if the amount of power generation on the turbine side is reduced by that amount, the demand for peak power can be effectively covered, and the construction cost and facility cost of the power plant can be effectively reduced.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be illustratively described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention thereto, but are merely examples, unless otherwise specified. Not too much. Figure 1
1 is a basic configuration diagram of a power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 is a nuclear fusion reactor, which forms a nuclear fusion reaction chamber 14 with a superconducting coil 11, a vacuum container 12, and a blanket 13 as is well known. Fuel injection part 1 communicating with the reaction chamber 14
5, a tritium recovery unit 16 is provided. 2 is a flash tank, 3 is a circulation pump, 4 is a steam turbine whose output shaft is connected to a generator 4A, and 5 is a condenser, which form a Rankine cycle. That is, as described above, the hot steam gasified in the fusion reactor 1 flows into the steam turbine 4 to drive and rotate the generator 4A to generate electric power, while the low pressure gas that has finished working in the turbine 4 is recovered. After the water is condensed in the water tank 5, it is led to the flash tank 2, and the condensed water stored in the flash tank 2 is again gasified into hot steam in the reaction furnace 1 by the circulation pump 3, and the Rankine cycle is repeated.

The heat exchanger 5a in the condenser 5 includes a load heat exchanger 21a of a refrigerant evaporator 21 and a pipe 22 which will be described later.
And a pump 23. Further, the turbine 4 is configured such that an extraction pipe 6 is connected to the middle stage of the turbine 4 so that the medium pressure gas extracted from the turbine 4 can be introduced to the generator 71 side of the ammonia absorption refrigerator 7. As is well known, the absorption refrigerator 7 includes a generator 71, a heat exchanger 72, an absorber 73, a condenser 74, and an evaporator 75, and retains the heat of about 150 ° C. extracted from the middle stage of the turbine 4 at about 150 ° C. The medium pressure gas that it has is led to the generator 71 of the absorption refrigerator 7, and its evaporator 7
It is configured so that the heat of vaporization at about 5 to 7 ° C. can be taken out on the No. 5 side. The condensation heat on the condenser 74 side is used for nighttime district heating, a hot water pool, a fish farm, etc., if necessary.

On the other hand, on the side of the evaporator 75, a low temperature cold storage tank 25 for cold cold storage at -55 ° C. via a liquid receiver 24 and a refrigeration compressor 27 also serving as an expander, to which an induction motor 26 is connected, are used for ammonia or A refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and the refrigeration compressor 27 and the low temperature regenerator 2
5 forms an expansion cycle with the refrigerant evaporator 21.

During nighttime operation, as in the daytime, the hot steam obtained from the reaction furnace 1 via the flash tank 2 is flowed into the steam turbine 4, and the generator 4A is rotated to generate the desired power. At this time, since the power consumption at night is considerably smaller than that at daytime, surplus heat energy is taken out from the extraction tube 6 in the middle stage of the turbine 4 as medium-pressure gas and guided to the generator 71 side of the absorption refrigerator 7 and the evaporator. Heat of evaporation of about 5 to 7 ° C. is generated on the 75 side. Then, the medium pressure gas is condensed by heat exchange in the generator 71 and returned to the flash tank 2 side.

On the other hand, the induction motor 26 is driven and rotated from the generator 4A side or by using the nighttime electric power at night.
As a result, the evaporator 75 on the side of the absorption refrigerator 7 functions as a condenser, and the ammonia or carbon dioxide refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the heat of evaporation at about 5 to 7 ° C. condenses and the receiver 24
Is stored in. Then, the liquefied ammonia stored in the liquid receiver 24 is evaporated / heat-exchanged in the low temperature cold storage tank 25 and is -55 ° C.
Low temperature cold storage before and after is performed, and then compressed again by the refrigeration compressor 27 and guided to the evaporator 75 side of the absorption refrigerator 7 side,
Hereinafter, the low temperature cold storage is continued while repeating the refrigeration cycle.

On the other hand, during the daytime operation, the hot steam obtained from the reactor 1 via the flash tank 2 is transferred to the steam turbine 4
Is the same as the above in that the generator 4A is rotated to generate desired power. In this case, the turbine 4
Since 100% of the load is 100% load, when the low-pressure gas discharged from the turbine 4 exchanges heat with the condenser 5, for example, when seawater is used as the heat exchange medium, it becomes hot water, which leads to environmental damage. Therefore, in the daytime, the refrigerating cycle of the cold storage tank is switched to the expansion cycle, and the refrigerant such as ammonia cooled by the low temperature energy stored in the low temperature cold storage tank 25 at low temperature is introduced to the refrigerant evaporator 21 to make the refrigerant evaporator 2
The temperature of the hydrothermalized water itself is lowered by exchanging heat with the heat exchange medium from the condenser 5, specifically, seawater or fresh water on the 1st side, and then the water is circulated between the condensers 5. By doing so, a closed cycle can be formed, and from this aspect also environmental destruction can be effectively prevented.

The evaporated refrigerant after heat exchange in the refrigerant evaporator 21 causes the refrigerating compressor 27 to expand and rotate, and to generate a power through an induction motor 26 connected to the refrigerating compressor 27. The amount of power generation increases accordingly, and the turbine 4
Even if the power generation amount on the side is reduced, the demand for peak power can be effectively covered.

[0019]

[Effect] As described above, according to the present invention, the condenser 5 can be effectively used even in a device, such as nuclear power generation, in which a constant amount of hot water or hot air is discharged regardless of day or night.
The heat radiation amount of the heat medium can be further reduced or a closed cycle can be formed, whereby the night energy can be stored smoothly and the environmental destruction can be effectively prevented. Further, according to the present invention, while using a refrigerant alternative to CFCs in the refrigeration cycle for cold energy storage, and effectively utilizing the advantages of the alternative refrigerants, a cold energy storage apparatus suitable for a power generation device that is several steps superior to CFCs. It is possible to provide a power generation device incorporating a cycle. It has various remarkable effects.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a power generation device incorporating a cold storage cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Reactor and Other Heating Device 4 Steam Turbine 4A Generator 5 Condenser 6 Extractor Pipe 7 Absorption Refrigerator 25 Low Temperature Reservoir 26 Induction Motor 27 Refrigerating Compressor 21 Refrigerant Evaporator

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A hot steam gasified in a heating device such as a nuclear reactor is introduced into a turbine to drive and rotate a generator connected to the turbine, and the low pressure gas discharged from the turbine is condensed. In a power generator equipped with a condenser, a first refrigeration cycle that forms an absorption or adsorption refrigeration cycle using the intermediate pressure gas extracted from the middle stage of the turbine as a heat source, and a refrigeration that doubles as an expander to which an induction motor is connected. A second refrigeration / expansion cycle using ammonia or carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, comprising a compressor, a low temperature regenerator, and a refrigerant evaporator; and a condenser for the evaporator of the first refrigeration cycle during nighttime operation. As a result, the low temperature cold storage tank is used for low temperature cold storage by the compression operation of the refrigeration compressor, while the cold energy is stored in the low temperature cold storage tank during daytime operation. To the refrigerant evaporator, the low pressure gas discharged from the turbine or / and after heat exchange with the heat exchange medium from the condenser, expansion and rotation of the refrigeration compressor by the evaporated refrigerant, A power generation device characterized in that an induction motor connected to the refrigeration compressor is configured to rotate as a generator.