JPH06239542A - Elevator equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To reduce passengers' physiological distress when a braking command is issued and to improve riding comfort. [Structure] A hoisting machine 3 comprising a drive sheave 4 around which a rope 6 having a car 7 at one end and a counterweight 8 suspended at the other end is wound, and a braking means 17 for braking the drive sheave 4 are provided. The braking force urging means 20 for urging the braking means to the rotating member of the hoisting machine 3, and the braking force urging means 2
Braking force releasing means 19 for releasing 0 and changing its urging force
And a braking distance (car position) of a car at the time of generation of a braking command, which stores preset elevator system constants in a control device 14 for controlling the braking device 17.
A braking force setting means 24 for inputting h and outputting a braking force command value 25 is provided, and a braking force control means 26 for controlling the braking force releasing means 19 according to the braking force command value 25 is additionally provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an elevator,
Particularly, the present invention relates to an elevator device suitable for controlling a braking force when a braking command is generated.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional elevator system, a machine room 2 formed at the top of a hoistway 1 as shown in FIG.
The hoisting machine 3 installed in the upper and lower parts lifts and lowers the car 7 and the counterweight 8 that are suspended in a rope shape by the rope 6. The hoisting machine 3 includes an electric motor, a drive sheave 4, and a brake device. The drive sheave 4 around which the rope 6 is wound is driven by the electric motor and braked by the brake device. The braking means is formed by braking force urging means for urging the braking force to the rotating member of the hoisting machine and braking force releasing means for releasing the braking force urging means and changing the urging force. And a control means for controlling. That is, the drive sheave 4 and the deflector 5 of the hoisting machine 3 installed in the machine room 2 formed in the upper part of the hoistway 1.
Wrap the rope 6 around the rope, and attach the cage 7 to both ends of the rope 6.
And the counterweight 8 is connected and hung in a temple shape. The car 7 and the counterweight 8 are guided by a guide rail (not shown) installed in the hoistway 1 so as to be vertically movable.

A suspending rope 9 is hung from the car 7 and the counterweight 8, and a suspending pulley 10 is wound around the lower end of the suspending rope to eliminate looseness of the suspending rope 9. There is. Further, a tail cord 11 including an electric wire for illumination and a signal wire for operation or various detectors is pulled out from the car 7, and passes through a connection box 12 and a wiring 13 provided on the wall of the hoistway 1. It is connected to a control device (control means) 14 provided in the machine room 2. The control device 14 is connected to the electric motor of the hoisting machine 3 via a connection line 15, and is also connected to a power line and a signal line wired in the building.

In order to operate the elevator apparatus having the above structure, the hoisting machine 3 may be driven. The drive sheave 4 is rotated by the drive of the hoisting machine 3, and the car 7 and the counterweight 8 are moved up and down via the wrapped rope 6.

In the operation of the elevator, first, the braking device releases the braking force, the electric motor controlled by the control device is driven, and the car is driven through the drive sheave. When the elevator is normally stopped (when a braking command is generated), the speed is lowered by the electric motor to keep the car speed at zero (stop), the braking force is applied by the braking device, and the friction generated by this brake is applied. The car is held stationary by force, that is, braking force. In case of emergency stop,
While the car is traveling, the electric power of the electric motor is cut off, the braking force of the brake device is stopped to give a braking force, and the elevator which is still traveling is decelerated and stopped. That is, the running elevator is directly decelerated by the braking force of the braking device and stopped. At the time of this emergency stop, the deceleration increases due to abrupt deceleration, which causes physiological pain to passengers and reduces riding comfort. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the deceleration as much as possible and stop at the target position. If the predetermined deceleration in consideration of riding comfort is β, the braking distance h required for this, that is, the distance from the position of the car to the target stop position is determined (obtained by modifying equation (1) described later).
Therefore, when there is a margin in the braking distance, it is necessary to reduce the braking force and reduce the deceleration to improve the riding comfort. The conventional braking device and the means for controlling the braking force thereof are configured as described in JP-A-60-148879. That is, it is conceivable to use an electromagnetic brake device that releases the braking force of a mechanical spring with an electromagnetic attraction force, and if there is an emergency stop command, reduce the exciting current value of this electromagnetic brake device to weaken the braking force of the spring. Has been.

[0006]

In the conventional elevator system, the braking force is set by the exciting current of the electromagnetic braking device, and the loading amount and operating direction of the car are set in accordance with the setting of the braking force. Etc. are considered, but the position of the car is not considered. Further, since the braking force is not controlled, there is a problem that the braking force is not stable.

An object of the present invention is to provide an elevator system which reduces the physiological pain of passengers when a braking command is issued and has a comfortable ride.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an elevator apparatus capable of controlling stable braking force during an emergency stop.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an elevator apparatus according to the present invention comprises a drive sheave for winding a rope having a car at one end and a counterweight suspended at the other end, and a drive sheave. And a braking force urging means for urging a braking force to a rotating member of the hoisting machine and a braking force urging means for releasing the urging force. In an elevator apparatus including control means for controlling the braking means, which is formed by means for changing the braking force to be changed, a preset elevator system constant is stored in the control means and a car when a braking command is generated. Is provided and a braking force setting means for outputting a braking force command value according to the braking distance is provided, and a braking force control means for controlling the braking force releasing means according to the braking force command value is additionally provided.

The braking force setting means includes at least a moment of inertia obtained from a car, a counterweight, a rope, a drive sheave, a deflector, a counterbalance pulley and an electric motor, a car speed, a braking delay time, and a sheave radius. The constant of the elevator system consisting of is stored in advance, a predetermined deceleration is obtained according to the braking distance of the car, a predetermined braking force is calculated as a function of the braking distance, and a braking force command value is output.

Further, the braking force control means comprises an operating means for driving the braking force releasing means by the braking force command value and a braking force detecting means for detecting the braking force of the braking force releasing means, and the braking force command value is controlled. The configuration may be such that the output value of the power detection means is negatively fed back.

Further, the braking force releasing means may be an electromagnetic drive mechanism.

The braking force releasing means may be a hydraulic drive mechanism.

The braking force detecting means may be a surface strain detecting means provided on the surface of the brake lever.

[0015]

According to the present invention, the position of the car is input to the control means when the braking command is generated, the deceleration is obtained according to the braking distance, and the predetermined braking force is set according to the position of the car. The braking force is reduced from the position where the braking distance has a margin, and the deceleration is reduced. Further, since the actual braking force is detected by the braking force detecting means and the signal is feedback-controlled to apply the braking force, the braking force is stabilized.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, a drive sheave 4 around which a car 7 is suspended at one end and a weight 6 is suspended at the other end, and a drive sheave 4 around which the rope 6 is wound, and braking means (brake device) 17 for braking the drive sheave 4 are provided. The hoisting machine 3 is provided, and the braking means 17 is a braking force urging means 20 for urging a braking force to the rotating member of the hoisting machine 3 and a control for opening the braking force urging means 20 to change the urging force. Control means (control device) formed by the power release means 19 and controlling the brake means 17
An elevator device comprising 14 and storing a preset elevator system constant in the control means 14 and inputting a car position h of a car at the time of generation of a braking command to determine a predetermined value according to a braking distance. The braking force setting means 24 for selecting the deceleration and outputting the braking force command value 25 is provided, and the braking force control means 26 for controlling the braking force releasing means 19 by the braking force command value 25 is additionally provided. That is, the car 7
The counterweight 8 is connected by a rope 6, and the drive sheave 4 is connected.
And it is hung in a slippery shape with respect to the deflecting wheel 5. The drive sheave 4 is connected to an electric motor 16. Further, the brake device 17 is provided so as to brake the brake drum 18 coupled to the electric motor 16 and the drive sheave 4,
The hoisting machine 3 including the drive sheave 4, the electric motor 16 and the brake device 17 is braked, and the car 7 and the counterweight 8 are braked.
Brake and stop and hold.

The braking force releasing means 19 is composed of, for example, an electromagnetic drive mechanism utilizing electromagnetic force or a hydraulic drive mechanism utilizing hydraulic pressure, and the braking force urging means 20 is composed of, for example, a metal spring. The control device 14 controls and drives the electric motor 16 by using the output of the position / speed detector (pulse encoder) 21 and the output of the loading amount detector 22 of the car 7 as feedback inputs. Further, when the elevator is about to stop, the controller 14 controls the braking command 23 and the position / speed detector 2
Brake device 17 according to position information of car 7
To control. That is, with respect to the normal braking command 23, the switch SW is selected to the normal side to select the braking force releasing means 1
9 is deenergized, and braking force is applied by the braking force urging means 20. For emergency braking command 23, switch S
Select W to the emergency side, and by the braking force setting means 24,
The braking force control means 26 operates by the position information of the car 7 and the braking force command value 25 set based on a preset elevator system constant, and the braking force releasing means 19 is operated to control the braking force. To do.

The hoisting machine 3, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3,
It has an electric motor 16 for driving the drive sheave 4. One end of a rotary shaft 27 of the electric motor 16 is rotatably supported by a bearing 28, and the drive sheave 4 is attached to the other end of the rotary shaft 27. Further, a brake device 17 is provided adjacent to the other end of the drive sheave 4. The brake device 17 includes a brake drum 29 formed integrally with the drive sheave 4, brake levers 30 on both sides arranged at positions sandwiching the brake drum 29, and a bottom end of the brake lever 30 rotatably supported. Pin 31 and a brake shoe 33 hinged to each other via a pin 32 at a position substantially corresponding to the center of the rotary shaft 27 of the brake lever 30. The surface of each brake shoe 33 that faces the brake drum 29 is
Is formed in a concave curved surface so as to match the outer peripheral surface of the, and the lining material 34 is fixed to the surface.

A rod 35 extending over the brake lever 30 penetrates the brake lever 30, and a brake spring 36 is fitted between the penetrating end of the rod 35 and the brake lever 30. The brake spring 36 narrows the upper interval of the brake lever 30, and thereby the concave curved surface of the brake shoe 33 is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum 29 by the pressing force Pb, so that the braking force urging means 20 is formed.

Above the braking force urging means 20, the braking force releasing means 19 for releasing the braking force by the brake spring 36.
Are provided between the respective brake levers 30 via the pressing rods 37, and when the braking force releasing means 19 is operated, the pressing rods 37 move to the respective brake levers 30 side, and the movement of the pressing rods 37 causes the braking. The lever 30 is expanded to change the pressing force Pb.

FIG. 4 shows the case of an electromagnet as an example of the drive mechanism of the braking force releasing means 19. That is, a yoke 38 that forms a box, a fixed iron core 39 fixed in the yoke 38, a movable rod 43 that vertically penetrates the fixed iron core 39 and the yoke 38, and an upper portion of the movable rod 43. A movable iron core 40 fixed to the movable iron core 40, a cylindrical coil 41 installed on the outer periphery of a fixed iron core 39 facing the movable iron core 40, a lever 42 whose one end abuts on the lower end of the movable rod 43, and another lever 42 It is formed by a pressing rod 37, one end of which abuts on the end and the other end of which abuts on the brake lever 30 shown in FIG. A flange 44 is provided on the yoke 38, and the flange 44 is used to attach the yoke 38 to the fixing member of the bearing 28 shown in FIG. Bearing members 45 and 46 are provided at positions where the movable rod 43 of the yoke 38 and the movable iron core 40 penetrate, and guide the movement of the movable rod 43 and the movable iron core 40. The lever 42 is hingedly connected to the flange 44 via a pin 47.
The fixed iron core 39 and the movable iron core 40 are opposed to each other via a gap δg.

In the above structure, when the coil 41 is excited, the movable iron core 40 is attracted and moved to the fixed iron core 39 side, and the movable rod 43 is lowered. When the movable rod 43 moves downward, the lever 42 rotates about the pin 47 as a fulcrum as shown by a two-dot chain line in the figure, and moves the pressing rod 37 in the arrow b direction. When the coil 41 is not excited, the pressing rod 37 is pushed in the direction of arrow a by the force of the brake spring 36 shown in FIG. 2, and the movable iron core 40 becomes the state shown in FIG.

Next, the braking force setting means will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. A constant formed by a preset elevator rotation system and entire linear system, that is, a moment of inertia (I) 48 obtained from a car, counterweight, rope, drive sheave, deflector wheel, counterbalance pulley, electric motor, etc. , The car speed (v) 49, the braking delay time (t) 50, the sheave radius (r) 51, etc. are preset and stored, and the car position (h) 52 from the position / speed detector 21 is further stored. Is input to the braking force setting means 24 to obtain a predetermined deceleration, a predetermined braking force (required flexing force) is calculated, and this is input to the braking force control means 26 shown in FIG. 1 as a braking force command value 25.

FIG. 6 shows the car position h at which the braking command is issued.
The relationship between the braking distance to the predetermined stop position 53 and the necessary deceleration (predetermined deceleration) β for decelerating and stopping is shown. When a braking command is generated at the car position h with respect to the predetermined stop position 53, the required deceleration β is as shown in equation (1). β = v ² / {2 (h−v · t)} (1) β: required deceleration v: car speed when emergency braking occurs h: car position when emergency braking occurs ( Braking distance to a predetermined stop position) t: Braking operation delay time of the braking device On the other hand, the required braking force Tb for obtaining the required deceleration β is expressed by equations (2) to (4). Tb = Iω ± Tub (2) ω = β / Rs (3) Tub = | Rs {(Lc / 2) -L} | (4) Tb: Braking force (torque) I: Elevator system Overall moment of inertia ω: Angular deceleration Rs: Drive sheave radius Tub: Unbalanced torque +; When the direction of Tub is the same as the running direction of the car −; When the direction of Tub is opposite to the running direction of the car Lc : Rated load capacity of the car L: Load capacity of the car Therefore, from the formulas (1) to (4), the required braking force T
b is expressed by equation (5). Tb = I / Rs × v ² / {2 (h−v · t)} ± Tub (5) where the inertia moment I of the entire elevator system and the car speed v when the braking command is generated (usually Sets the rated speed), the braking delay time t of the braking device and the drive sheave radius Rs are constants, and the unbalanced torque Tub is a constant not related to the sign, the required braking force Tb is a function of only the car position h. Become. Further, the required braking distance, that is, the required deceleration β from the position of the car, is set as a limit value that allows passengers of the car to tolerate physiological distress in the equation (1).
By setting the braking force (torque) in this manner, it is possible to perform emergency braking with a good riding comfort. However, in practice, it is necessary to prevent passengers from feeling any physiological pain, and if the braking distance is sufficient, that is, if the car position is greater than h from the predetermined stop position, the braking force is reduced. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable to reduce the deceleration so that β> β ₁ as in braking from the car position h ₁ (h ₁ > h).

By the way, the braking force releasing means 19 shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet, which is an example of, decreases secondarily with respect to the air gap δg when the coil current is constant.
The braking device shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 has a factor of varying the gap δg. That is, wear of the lining material 34, the lever 42, the movable rod 43, and the lever 4
2 is abrasion of the contact portion between the pressure rod 37 and the pressure rod 37. As shown in FIG. 7, for example, when Δδg fluctuates toward the larger predetermined gap δg, the electromagnetic force decreases by ΔPm with respect to the predetermined electromagnetic force Pm. This means that the opening force of the braking force releasing means 19 becomes smaller and the predetermined braking force of the brake device 17 increases. On the contrary, when the predetermined gap δg fluctuates toward the smaller side, the braking force decreases. Therefore, when a constant current is passed through the coil 41 as in the conventional example, there is a problem that the braking force set as described above varies.

Therefore, another embodiment in which this problem is improved is shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 8, the braking force detecting means 54 detects the braking force, and the braking force command value 25 is negatively fed back, and then the braking force releasing means 19 is operated via the operating means 55.
It is designed to drive. FIG. 9 is an example of the brake device 17 shown in FIG. The braking force detecting means is a surface strain detecting means 56 such as a strain gauge provided on the surface of the brake lever 30.
The pressing force Pb of is detected and input to the conversion element 57. That is, assuming that the friction coefficient μb between the lining material 34 and the brake drum 29 and the brake drum radius Rb are Tb =
Since μb × Rb × Pb, the converting element 57 converts the pressing force Pb into the braking force Tb and outputs it. The braking force control means is similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 8, the output of the conversion element 57, that is, the detected braking force Tb is negatively fed back to the braking force command value 25, and then the braking force releasing means is operated via the operating means 55. An electric current is passed through the coil of the electromagnet 19 to drive the braking force releasing means 19. In this case, since the braking force is controlled, the coil current changes so that the commanded braking force is obtained even if the gap of the electromagnet changes.

It has been experimentally confirmed that the amount of strain on the surface of the brake lever 30 due to the brake spring force Ps is proportional to the pressing force Pb of the brake drum 29. Further, the braking force detecting means of the brake drum 29 is not limited to the strain gauge 56, and a pressure detector may be provided directly between the brake lever 30 and the brake shoe 33 or the brake shoe 33.
And the lining material 34 may be installed between the
The difference between the brake spring force Ps and the output Pm of the electromagnet of the braking force releasing means 19 may be calculated.

According to the present invention, when the elevator is stopped or in an emergency stop, the braking force is controlled according to the position of the car where the braking command is issued, so that the passenger's physiological pain is reduced and the ride comfort is improved. There is an effect that can be obtained. Further, since the braking force is detected and the braking force command value is negatively fed back, the braking force can be controlled stably.

[0029]

According to the present invention, since the braking force is controlled by the position of the car when the braking command is issued, there is an effect that the passenger's physiological pain is reduced and a good riding comfort is obtained. . Further, since the braking force is detected and the feedback of the braking force command is performed negatively, there is an effect that the stable braking force can be controlled.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an elevator showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the hoisting machine shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG.

4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a part of a drive unit of the braking force releasing means shown in FIG.

5 is a configuration diagram of a braking force setting means shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a position of a car where a braking command is generated and deceleration.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between a gap of an electromagnet and an electromagnetic force.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols] 3 Hoisting machine 4 Drive sheave 5 Deflection wheel 6 Rope 7 Car basket 8 Balancing weight 10 Balancing pulley 16 Electric motor 17 Braking device 19 Braking force releasing means 20 Braking force biasing means 21 Position / speed detector 23 Braking Command 24 Braking Force Setting Means 25 Braking Force Command Value 26 Braking Force Controlling Means 54 Braking Force Detecting Means 55 Operating Means 56 Surface Strain Detecting Means

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A hoisting machine comprising a drive sheave for winding a rope having a car at one end and a counterweight suspended at the other end, and a hoisting machine for braking the drive sheave, the braking means comprising: The braking means is formed by braking force urging means for urging the braking force to the rotating member of the hoisting machine and braking force releasing means for opening the braking force urging means and changing the urging force, and controlling the braking means. In the elevator device including the control means, the control means stores a preset elevator system constant and inputs the position of the car at the time of generation of a braking command, and a braking force command according to a braking distance. An elevator apparatus comprising: a braking force setting means for outputting a value; and a braking force control means for controlling the braking force releasing means according to the braking force command value. 2. The braking force setting means is at least a car,
An elevator system constant consisting of the counterweight, rope, drive sheave, deflector wheel, counterbalance pulley and electric motor, car speed, braking delay time, and sheave radius is stored in advance and the 2. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a predetermined deceleration is calculated according to the braking distance of the car, a predetermined braking force is calculated as a function of the braking distance, and a braking force command value is output. 3. The braking force control means includes operating means for driving the braking force release means according to a braking force command value and braking force detection means for detecting the braking force of the braking force release means. 3. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the output value of the braking force detecting means is negatively fed back to the value. 4. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the braking force releasing means is an electromagnetic drive mechanism. 5. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the braking force releasing means is a hydraulic drive mechanism. 6. The elevator apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the braking force detecting means is surface strain detecting means provided on the surface of the brake lever.