JPH0618492A - Casting condition analysis method and ultrasonic measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To realize a casting state analysis method and an ultrasonic measuring device which are nondestructive, can be simply and highly accurately measured and analyzed the casting state of a specimen. [Structure] A predetermined ((V / Vm), C) -S 'conversion map 530 is obtained as a table in which the casting condition directly measured for the casting is shown for the sound velocity ratio and the carbon content of the casting. As a result, precise and clear division of the casting state is made. In the analysis of the casting state of the subject, the sound velocity of the steel material is measured in mode 1 (Vm), the sound velocity (V) of the subject is measured in mode 2, and the carbon content (C) is input. Then, according to the conversion map 530, these sound velocity ratios ((V
/ Vm)) and carbon content (C) from the cast state (S ')
To judge. This allows highly reliable analysis.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a casting condition analyzing method and an ultrasonic measuring device, and more particularly to a casting condition, for example, a form of graphite particles such as flakes, worms or spheres. The present invention relates to a casting state analysis method for nondestructively measuring and analyzing a state and the like by ultrasonic waves, and further relates to an ultrasonic measuring device for carrying out this method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art One of the analysis of casting conditions is the morphological analysis of graphite particles. Castings are made of so-called gray cast iron (F) depending on whether the graphite particles have a flake shape, a worm shape, or a spherical shape.
C), CV cast iron (FCV), spheroidal graphite cast iron (FCD), etc. Since mechanical properties, physical properties, etc. are considerably different between these different classifications, at least the type designation such as FC, FCV, FCD, etc. is made when ordering a casting. Whether or not the cast product belongs to the specified type is an important concern for both the designer and the manufacturer, or for the orderer side and the orderer side, and it is inconvenient if the judgment is different.

Therefore, in order to make the casting state objective, the graphite spheroidization rate is defined as one of the measured and analyzed values indicating the casting state. The normal measurement and calculation of this characteristic value is performed according to the graphite spheroidization rate determination test method defined in JIS G5502. In particular,
Polishing the end surface etc. of the test piece of the casting, observing the graphite grains on this processed surface with a microscope, classifying according to how spherical or flake shape the shape is (see Fig. 3)
Count. Then, the graphite spheroidization rate is calculated from these count values according to a prescribed calculation formula.

However, this direct measuring means is a destructive inspection accompanied by processing of the object. Moreover, this measurement requires time and labor. For this reason, it is difficult to apply to a real product that can be used for testing and research, but which is averse to damage. Therefore, there is a demand for an indirect casting condition analysis method of calculating a necessary analysis value by using other characteristic values that can be measured nondestructively. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic measuring device that measures the sound velocity of a casting test object by ultrasonic waves and automatically calculates the graphite spheroidization rate of the test object as an apparatus for performing this indirect method. Show.

Here, 1 is an ultrasonic probe, 2 is an ultrasonic flaw detector, 3 is a D / A conversion circuit, 4 is a bus line, and 5 is R.
OM, 6 RAM, 7 keyboard (KBD), 8 C
RT and 9 are microprocessors (MPU). It should be noted that the illustration of details of the interface circuit and the like between them is omitted because the description is complicated. further,
51 is a sound velocity measurement program, 52 is a spheroidization rate calculation program, 53 is a VS conversion formula, 54 is a main program, and these programs are stored in the ROM 5 and MP
Execution processing is performed by U9 to fulfill its function.

The sound velocity measuring program 51 is the keyboard 7
Main program 54 that received an instruction to start measurement via
The ultrasonic velocity of the subject 1a is measured by controlling the ultrasonic flaw detection unit 2 via the bus line 4.
More specifically, the ultrasonic waves sent from the ultrasonic probe 1 are partially reflected on the surface of the subject 1a, and the rest are transmitted to the inside thereof and also reflected on the bottom surface of the subject 1a. This reflected wave is detected by the ultrasonic probe 1, and the ultrasonic flaw detector 2 that receives the reflected wave measures the time from the time when the surface reflected wave is detected to the time when the bottom surface reflected wave is detected. This time is input as a digital value via the D / A conversion circuit 3. Since the input time is the time required for the ultrasonic waves to make a round trip in the subject 1a, the input digital value and the thickness of the subject 1a which has been measured in advance and input from the keyboard 7 are 2 times. As a result of calculating the ratio with the doubled value, the sound velocity of the subject 1a is obtained.

The measured sound velocity value is stored in the storage area V of the RAM 6 by the sound velocity measuring program 51. Next, the spheroidization rate calculation program 52 is started by the main program 54, performs conversion processing according to the VS conversion formula 53, and calculates the graphite spheroidization rate from the sound velocity value in the storage area V. This calculated graphite spheroidization rate is RAM6
Is stored in the storage area S of.

The VS conversion formula 53 shows the relationship between the sound velocity and the graphite spheroidization rate of a casting, and is an experimentally calculated conversion formula. Specifically, for example, the horizontal axis represents the speed of sound (V) measured by ultrasonic waves, and the vertical axis represents the graphite spheroidization rate (S) measured by direct measurement means according to JIS.
The measurement results of a plurality of castings are plotted at the corresponding coordinate positions, and the regression line is obtained in advance (see 53a in FIG. 4). The graphite spheroidization rate of the storage area S calculated based on this empirical formula is displayed on the CRT 8 by the main program 54 as a result of the measurement. In this way, since non-destructive and easy measurement is possible, instead of direct measurement and analysis of the regular graphite spheroidization rate specified in JIS, for actual products, casting using ultrasonic measurement equipment An approximate value of the graphite spheroidization rate is measured and calculated.

[0009]

In such a conventional casting state analysis method and ultrasonic measuring apparatus, an approximate value of the graphite spheroidization rate is calculated from the speed of sound according to an established empirical formula. By this indirect means, the cast state can be easily analyzed in a non-destructive manner. However, the relationship between the speed of sound and the spheroidization rate of graphite is not so well correlated (see FIG. 4). Therefore, the approximate value of the graphite spheroidization rate or the analysis result of the casting state obtained according to this empirical formula has a large error, and cannot be practically used as a substitute for the regular graphite spheroidization rate.

Therefore, the conventional casting condition analysis using the ultrasonic measuring device is merely a standard and cannot be applied to general purpose objective determination of casting products or parts. Therefore, in non-destructive shipping inspections or acceptance inspections of casting products, etc. that are not susceptible to damage, the reliability of the inspection results is low, and even if some trouble occurs in the manufacturing process, its adverse effects can be detected. It often happens that you miss it.

In particular, such an obstacle is likely to occur during the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron or CV cast iron, and depending on the influence thereof, it becomes ratchet cast iron. Generally, spheroidal graphite cast iron and the like are used in fields requiring high toughness, and the use of gray cast iron having low mechanical strength is a problem because it causes damage accidents. An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem of the prior art, a non-destructive, simple, and highly accurate casting state analysis method for measuring and analyzing a casting state of a casting test object. And to realize an ultrasonic measuring device.

[0012]

The casting state analysis method of the present invention for achieving the above object is a casting state analysis for measuring the sound velocity of a casting subject by ultrasonic waves and analyzing the state inside the subject. In the method, the carbon content of the subject and the sound velocity of the subject are obtained, and from the carbon content and the sound velocity, a function for obtaining a casting state from the carbon content and the sound velocity,
According to a table, a drawing, or other conversion means, the state shown in the corresponding part in the table or other desired casting state is obtained, and the casting state corresponding to the carbon content rate and the sonic velocity of the subject is described above. By setting the casting state of the subject, the state inside the subject is analyzed. The carbon equivalent may be used instead of the carbon content.

The first configuration of the ultrasonic measuring device of the present invention for achieving the above object is to measure the sound velocity of a casting object whose carbon content is known by ultrasonic waves and measure the sound velocity in the object. In the ultrasonic measuring device for analyzing the state, the sound velocity of the first casting having a known carbon content is measured by the ultrasonic measuring device or another ultrasonic measuring device, and the casting state of the first casting is Of a plurality of first castings obtained by measuring by the measuring means of the first casting with respect to the sound velocity of the first casting and the carbon content of the first casting, or a conversion means corresponding to the table, and the test object. Of the sound velocity and the carbon content of the subject to obtain the casting state shown in the corresponding portion in the table or the casting state shown by the converting means, the casting state of the subject by the casting condition corresponding to State determination means , The carbon content of the subject is input via a keyboard or the like, the sound velocity of the subject is measured by ultrasonic waves, and the state determination means analyzes the state in the subject. .

A second configuration of the ultrasonic measuring apparatus of the present invention for achieving the above object is to measure the sound velocity of a casting object whose carbon content is known by ultrasonic waves and to measure the sound velocity in the object. In an ultrasonic measuring device for analyzing a state, a sound velocity of a first casting having a known carbon content is measured by the ultrasonic measuring device or another ultrasonic measuring device, and a first velocity corresponding to the first casting is measured. The ultrasonic velocity of the steel material is measured by ultrasonic waves with the measuring device used for measuring the acoustic velocity of the first casting.
A plurality of first obtained by obtaining the ratio of the sound velocity of the casting to the sound velocity of the first steel material as a first sound velocity ratio, and measuring the casting state related to the first casting by other measuring means. The table relating to the casting state with respect to the first sound velocity ratio and the carbon content of the first casting or the converting means corresponding thereto and the sound velocity obtained by ultrasonic measurement are input, and this is used as the reference sound velocity. And a ratio between the sound velocity of the subject and the reference sound velocity is defined as the second sound velocity ratio, and the second sound velocity ratio is set to the second sound velocity ratio.
Of the sound velocity ratio and the carbon content of the subject to obtain a casting state shown in the corresponding portion in the table or the casting state shown by the converting means, the casting of the subject with the casting state corresponding A second state corresponding to the subject (in the first mode);
Sound velocity of the steel material is measured by ultrasonic waves, the sound velocity of the second steel material is set as the reference value by the reference sound velocity setting means, and (in the second mode), the sound velocity of the subject is measured by ultrasonic waves. The ratio of the sound velocity of the subject to the reference sound velocity is set to the second sound velocity ratio, and when resetting or the like is required, the carbon content rate of the subject is input, and the state determination means causes the subject to detect the subject. It is to analyze the condition inside.

The ultrasonic measuring device having the first structure and the ultrasonic measuring device having the second structure are as follows. Carbon equivalent may be used instead of carbon content. Further, the conversion means corresponding to the table also includes figures and charts, approximate expressions, functions, so-called arrays related to computer programs, maps, tables, address tables, etc.
Further, it also includes a conversion means or the like that uses or modifies these. Further, other measuring means include a direct means according to JIS regulations and the like and a means equivalent thereto. The conforming means means a physical state obtained by calculating and analyzing from the characteristic value after measuring other characteristic values such as tensile strength, and the reliability of the result is high, but it is a fracture measurement or the like. Those which do not completely satisfy the object of the present invention.

[0016]

In the casting state analyzing method and ultrasonic measuring apparatus of the present invention having such a configuration, the analysis is performed based on the carbon content or carbon equivalent and the sound velocity or the sound velocity ratio. For this reason, the casting state with respect to the carbon content, etc. and the sound velocity, etc. is measured by direct means or the like, and a table showing these relationships or a conversion means corresponding thereto is experimentally determined. As described above, by performing the state classification based on not only the speed of sound but also the carbon content, etc., it has become possible to clearly distinguish the cast state, which has been difficult to classify in the past, especially the cast state related to the graphite morphology.

According to this table and the like, by determining the casting state of the casting subject from the carbon content rate and the sound velocity of the casting subject, as an indirect analysis, more precise and more accurate than in the past. The casting condition can be estimated. Regarding the carbon content, etc., it is unknown from the experimental point of view because not only the manufacturing side, who is the setter of the casting material component ratio, but also the receiving side can know it as one of the ordering conditions. Apart from the special case of analyzing castings,
This is not an obstacle to the practice of this invention in practice. Therefore,
The non-destructive and simple ultrasonic measurement makes it possible to measure / analyze the casting state of the casting subject with high accuracy.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic measuring apparatus as an apparatus for carrying out the casting state analysis method of the present invention, which measures the sound velocity of a casting subject by ultrasonic waves and automatically analyzes the casting state of the subject. Show. Where 1
Is an ultrasonic probe, 2 is an ultrasonic flaw detector, 3 is a D / A conversion circuit, 4 is a bus line, 5 is ROM, 6 is RAM, 7 is a keyboard (KBD), 8 is a CRT, 9 is a microprocessor (MPU). ). Note that illustration of details of the interface circuit and the like between them is omitted.

Further, 51 is a sound velocity measuring program, 52
1 is a steel sound velocity setting program, 522 is a sound velocity normalization program, 523 is a state determination program, 530 is ((V /
The Vm), C) -S 'conversion map 540 is a main program, and these programs are stored in the ROM 5 and executed by the MPU 9 to perform its function. In addition, the ultrasonic probe 1 to the microprocessor 9,
Since the sound velocity measurement program 51 has the same configuration as the conventional one, it is indicated by the same reference numeral, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The main program 540 is a management program for the entire measurement, and has two selectable modes, that is, a steel sound velocity setting mode as a first mode and a casting condition analysis mode as a second mode. In response to this mode, another program is started and its execution order is controlled. The steel sonic velocity program 521 is a sub-program for setting the sonic velocity of steel as a reference value. The sonic velocity value measured by the sonic velocity measuring program 51 and held in the storage area V is transferred to the storage area Vm of the RAM 6 to change the steel sonic velocity. Set as.

The sound velocity normalizing program 522 is a sub-program for calculating the sound velocity ratio, and is a sound velocity measuring program 5
The sound velocity value measured by 1 and held in the storage area V is
It is divided by the steel sonic velocity as the reference value held in the storage area Vm, and the sonic velocity ratio calculated by this is set in the storage area (V / Vm) of the RAM 6. State determination program 523
Is a subprogram for determining the casting condition, and ((V
/ Vm), C) -S ′ conversion map 530 is applied to perform a conversion process to calculate the value of the sound velocity ratio of the storage area (V / Vm) and the storage area C.
The casting state is determined from the value of the carbon content of the. The determined casting state is stored in the storage area S ′ of the RAM 6.

This ((V / Vm), C) -S 'conversion map 530 is a conversion map that has been experimentally obtained in advance, and is the sound velocity ratio between steel and casting ((V / Vm)), It shows the relationship between the carbon content of the casting and the casting state (S ′). Specifically, first, a large number of castings having the same shape and different carbon contents and one or more steel materials are prepared. Then, the sonic velocities of these castings and steel materials are measured by an ultrasonic measuring device, and the sonic velocity ratios thereof are calculated. Furthermore, for each casting, the casting state is determined by a direct method conforming to or conforming to the JIS standard, for example, whether the graphite particles are in the form of flakes, worms or spheres (FC, FC
V, FCD) etc. are measured. In addition, it is desirable that the series of destructive measurements be performed by the same ultrasonic measuring apparatus and the same operator as much as possible so that the fluctuation tendencies are the same.

Since this direct measurement is time-consuming, another set of other castings, one or more steel materials, an ultrasonic measuring device, and a measurer may be used in parallel to perform another series of measurements. It is advisable to obtain a large number of measurement results by performing the measurement. Of these numerous measurement results, for example, the sound velocity ratio ((V / Vm)) is taken on the horizontal axis and the carbon content (C) is taken on the vertical axis, and the casting state (FC, FCV, F
CD) is set at the coordinate position corresponding to the sound velocity ratio and the carbon content rate at the time of measurement (see FIG. 2).

At this time, when the sound velocity ratio is adopted on the horizontal axis, the influence caused by the device or the measurer is eliminated, and the accuracy is further improved as compared with the case where the sound speed is simply adopted. It should be noted that as the casting state to be set, it is preferable to adopt a state in which the fluctuation component is removed by statistical processing such as majority voting, averaging, local averaging, and regression analysis from as many measurement results as possible. In addition to the above-mentioned classification of graphite particle morphology (FC, FCV, FCD), JI
You may employ | adopt the graphite spheroidization rate according to the regulation of S.

Alternatively, a new index value suitable for this map can be adopted. For example, the value of the low carbon side boundary (on the dividing line 530a in FIG. 2) of the FC region is set to “0”,
The value of the high carbon side boundary (on the dividing line 530b of FIG. 2) of the FC region is set to “1”, and the value of the low carbon side boundary of the FCV region (on the dividing line 530c of FIG. 2) is set to the FCV region And FC
The value of the boundary with the D region (on the dividing line 530d of FIG. 2) is set to “3”, and the value of the high carbon side boundary of the FCD region (on the dividing line 530e of FIG. 2) is set to 4, and these are the horizontal axis. You may use the index value of the value interpolated along. By adopting the map based on the sound velocity and the carbon content rate, it is possible to clearly divide each region which has been partially overlapped in the conventional classification based only on the sound velocity. Furthermore, in addition to this, it is possible to classify even the casting state of the intermediate region between the FC region and the FCV region (see region FC ′ in FIG. 2).

In order to measure the graphite spheroidization rate of a casting with such a structure, first, the sound velocity of steel is once measured in mode 1 (steel sound velocity setting mode), and then mode 2 is measured.
The casting products are successively processed in (graphite spheroidization rate measurement mode of casting). More specifically, first, a steel material having the same shape as that of the cast product is prepared as the subject 1a. Then, the main program 540 is instructed to perform the processing of mode 1. In this mode 1, the main program 540 activates the sound velocity measurement program 51 to obtain the sound velocity of the steel material in the storage area V. Then, the steel sound velocity setting program 521 activated by the main program 540 sets the sound velocity of the steel material in the storage area Vm. If the steel sonic velocity under the same conditions has been measured on the previous day or the like, this measurement may be omitted and a preset steel sonic velocity input from the keyboard 7 may be set in the storage area Vm.

Next, one of the cast products is used as the subject 1a. Then, the main program 540 is instructed to perform the processing of mode 2. In this mode 2, as the first step,
The carbon content (which is known as one of the data during casting) of the casting test object 1a is input via the keyboard 7 and set in the storage area (C). If this input is omitted, the same carbon content as that of the immediately preceding subject will be processed. As the second step that follows, the sound velocity measurement program 51 is activated by the main program 540,
The sound velocity of the casting product is obtained in the storage area V. Then, as a third step, the sound velocity normalization program 522 activated by the main program 540 calculates the sound velocity ratio from the sound velocity (V) and the steel sound velocity (Vm) of the casting product and stores it in the storage area (V / Vm). Set.

Subsequently, as a fourth step, the state determination program 523 is started, and this program 523 performs the conversion process according to the ((V / Vm), C) -S 'conversion map 530, and the storage area (V / Vm). The casting state is determined from the value of the corresponding map position based on the value of the sound velocity ratio and the value of the carbon content in the storage area (C). The determined casting state is stored in the storage area S of the RAM 6. Based on this conversion map 530, a reliable casting state determined by precise classification with respect to sonication and carbon content is measured by the main program 54 by the main program 54 as a result of measurement analysis.
8 is displayed. For example, it was confirmed that the composition of the spheroidal graphite cast iron with high toughness adjusted to produce CV cast iron or flaky cast iron lacking toughness as a result of the delay in processing time (520f in FIG. 2). , 530 g arrow)), and can be reliably detected nondestructively.

In this way, non-destructive and easy analysis of the casting state of one casting can be performed with high reliability. Since it is only necessary to measure the sound velocity of steel once, after that, the remaining casting products can be used as the specimen 1a one after another to analyze the casting condition of them. The standard value for sound velocity normalization is preferably that of a steel material in the same state as the so-called casting matrix (base), but if it is standardized at the time of creating the table and at the time of actual measurement, other metals can be used. It may be. However, when the analysis is performed based on the carbon content rate and the sound velocity, the steel sound velocity setting program 521, the sound velocity normalizing program 522, and the like are not necessary, and the processing relating to steel and the like may be excluded from the above-described embodiment. , The detailed explanation is omitted.

[0030]

As can be understood from the above description, in the casting state analysis method and the ultrasonic measuring device of the present invention, the sound velocity and the carbon content etc. regarding the casting state obtained by the direct measuring method are used. The tables for and are adopted.
Then, according to this table and the like, the casting state of the subject is determined from the sound velocity and the carbon content of the subject. As described above, since the detailed analysis is performed based on the carbon content and the like in addition to the speed of sound and the like, it is possible to perform clear and precise division even though it is an indirect analysis. Therefore, there is an effect that the casting state of the subject can be easily measured nondestructively, and the analysis result is highly accurate and reliable.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an ultrasonic measuring apparatus having a configuration of the present invention, which is an apparatus for automatically analyzing a casting state.

FIG. 2 is an example of the conversion map.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a form of graphite in a casting.

FIG. 4 is an example showing the correlation between the sound velocity of a casting and the spheroidization rate of graphite.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a conventional graphite spheroidization rate measuring device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Ultrasonic probe 2 Ultrasonic flaw detection unit 3 D / A conversion circuit 4 Bus line 5 ROM 6 RAM 7 Keyboard (KBD) 8 CRT 9 Microprocessor (MPU) 51 Sound velocity measurement program 52 Spheroidization rate calculation program 53 VS conversion Formula 54 Main program 521 Steel sound velocity setting program 522 Sound velocity normalizing program 523 State determination program 530 ((V / Vm), C) -S 'conversion map 540 Main program

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A casting state analysis method for measuring a sound velocity of a casting subject by ultrasonic waves to analyze a state inside the subject, comprising: a carbon content rate (or carbon equivalent) of the subject and a temperature of the subject. Obtaining the speed of sound and obtaining the carbon content (or the carbon equivalent)
From the sound velocity and the sound velocity, the function of obtaining the casting state from the carbon content (or carbon equivalent) and the sound velocity, according to the table or other conversion means, to obtain the casting state to be obtained, the casting state of the subject with the casting state and By doing so, the state inside the subject is analyzed, and the casting state analysis method is characterized. 2. An ultrasonic measuring apparatus for measuring the sound velocity of a casting sample whose carbon content (or carbon equivalent) is known by ultrasonic waves to analyze the state inside the sample, wherein the carbon content (or A plurality of carbon speeds obtained by measuring the sound velocity of the first casting having a known carbon equivalent) by the ultrasonic measuring device or another ultrasonic measuring device and measuring the casting state of the first casting by another measuring means. The first about the first casting of
Function, table or other conversion means for obtaining the casting state from the sound velocity of the casting and the carbon content (or carbon equivalent) of the first casting, the sound velocity of the subject and the carbon content of the subject (or carbon). (Equivalent) and the function, a table or other conversion means to obtain a casting state, the state determination means to be the casting state of the subject by the corresponding casting state, and the carbon content of the subject (or (Carbon equivalent) is input, the sound velocity of the subject is measured by ultrasonic waves, and the state determination means analyzes the state inside the subject. 3. An ultrasonic measuring device for measuring the sound velocity of a casting test object whose carbon content (or carbon equivalent) is known by ultrasonic waves and analyzing the state inside said test object, wherein the carbon content (or The sound velocity of the first casting whose carbon equivalent) is known is measured by the ultrasonic measuring device or another ultrasonic measuring device, and the sound velocity of the first steel material corresponding to the first casting is calculated as the sound velocity of the first steel product. A casting according to the first casting, which is obtained by ultrasonic measurement with a measuring device used for measuring the speed of sound and obtains a ratio of the sound velocity of the first casting and the sound velocity of the first steel material as a first sound velocity ratio. A function, a table or a function for obtaining a casting state from the first sound velocity ratio and the carbon content rate (or carbon equivalent) of the first casting for a plurality of first castings obtained by measuring the state by other measuring means. Input the speed of sound obtained by ultrasonic measurement with other conversion means. Is set as a reference sound velocity, and a ratio between the sound velocity of the subject and the reference sound velocity is set as the second sound velocity ratio, and the second sound velocity ratio and the carbon content rate (or carbon equivalent) of the subject. And a state determination means for obtaining a casting state by the function, the table, or the other converting means and setting the casting state of the subject as the casting state of the subject, and a second steel material corresponding to the subject. The sound velocity is measured by ultrasonic waves, the sound velocity of the second steel material is set as the reference value by the reference sound velocity setting means, the sound velocity of the subject is measured by ultrasonic waves, and the sound velocity of the subject and the reference sound velocity are measured. An ultrasonic measuring apparatus, wherein the ratio is the second sound velocity ratio, the carbon content rate (or carbon equivalent) of the subject is input, and the state determination means analyzes the state in the subject.