JPH06131046A - Intersection control method for unmanned car - Google Patents
Intersection control method for unmanned carInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06131046A JPH06131046A JP4283275A JP28327592A JPH06131046A JP H06131046 A JPH06131046 A JP H06131046A JP 4283275 A JP4283275 A JP 4283275A JP 28327592 A JP28327592 A JP 28327592A JP H06131046 A JPH06131046 A JP H06131046A
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- Prior art keywords
- intersection
- vehicle
- signal
- unmanned
- unmanned vehicle
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は無人車の交差点制御方法
に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】誘導ラインに沿って無人車が走行するシ
ステムには、通常、誘導ラインの分岐、合流、交差等が
ある。そのため複数の無人車を走行させる場合には、こ
れら分岐、合流、交差等の各交差点で無人車どうしの衝
突が起らないように、交差点制御を行う必要がある。2. Description of the Related Art A system in which an unmanned vehicle travels along a guide line usually includes branching, joining, and crossing of the guide lines. Therefore, when running a plurality of unmanned vehicles, it is necessary to perform intersection control so that collisions between unmanned vehicles do not occur at intersections such as branching, merging, and intersections.
【0003】従来、交差点制御には地上制御型と、自律
制御型とがあり、それぞれ下記のように行われている。Conventionally, there are two types of intersection control, a ground control type and an autonomous control type, each of which is performed as follows.
【0004】地上制御型交差点制御:この交差点制御で
は、図12(a)に示すように、無人車1に通過信号受
信機2が設置され、地上側に車両検出センサ3と通過信
号送信機4が設置される。図中、5は車輪、6は誘導ラ
イン、7は交差点である。動作としては、地上側の制御
装置(図示省略)が車両検出センサ3によって、交差点
7に近づく無人車1を検出すると、この無人車1を交差
点7に進入させて良いか否かを判断し、送信機4により
通過信号の発信をオン/オフさせて、無人車1に対して
交差点の通過許可/停止を指令する。無人車1では、受
信機2によって通過許可指令を受信した場合は交差点7
に進入して通過し、停止指令を受信した場合は次に通過
許可指令を受信するまで停止して待機する。Ground-controlled intersection control: In this intersection control, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), a passage signal receiver 2 is installed in an unmanned vehicle 1, and a vehicle detection sensor 3 and a passage signal transmitter 4 are arranged on the ground side. Is installed. In the figure, 5 is a wheel, 6 is a guide line, and 7 is an intersection. As an operation, when a ground-side control device (not shown) detects the unmanned vehicle 1 approaching the intersection 7 by the vehicle detection sensor 3, it is determined whether or not the unmanned vehicle 1 may enter the intersection 7. The transmission of the passage signal is turned on / off by the transmitter 4, and the unmanned vehicle 1 is instructed to permit / stop the passage at the intersection. In the unmanned vehicle 1, when the receiver 2 receives the passage permission command, the intersection 7
When the vehicle has entered and passed, and receives a stop command, it stops and waits until the next passage permission command is received.
【0005】自律制御型交差点制御:この交差点制御で
は、無人車側だけで交差点制御が行われ、地上側には交
差点制御用の設備は必要ない。そのため、図12(b)
に示すように、各無人車1には他車を検出するために車
両検出センサ8が設置されている。動作としては、自車
が交差点7の手前に差し掛った場合に他車を車両検出セ
ンサ8で検出すると、優先順位に応じて通過または停止
する。他車を検出しない場合はそのまま通過する。交差
点7に差し掛ったか否かは、磁石や鉄板等など交差点の
手前に設置されたコマンドプレートあるいはマークを無
人車1が検出したか否かにより判断する。この自律制御
型交差点制御には、車両検出センサ8が反射型か透過型
かの違いによって、下記(1)、(2)の如く2種類に
分けられる。 (1)反射型:車両検出センサ8として反射型の光電セ
ンサまたは超音波センサを用い、自車から発信した信号
の反射信号を受信することにより、他車を検出する。 (2)透過型:車両検出センサ8として透過型の光電セ
ンサまたは超音波センサを用い、他車の発信器からの信
号を自車の受信器で受信することにより、他車を検出す
る。Autonomous control type intersection control: In this intersection control, the intersection control is performed only on the unmanned vehicle side, and no equipment for controlling the intersection is required on the ground side. Therefore, FIG. 12 (b)
As shown in FIG. 3, each unmanned vehicle 1 is provided with a vehicle detection sensor 8 for detecting another vehicle. As an operation, when another vehicle is detected by the vehicle detection sensor 8 when the vehicle approaches the intersection 7, the vehicle passes or stops according to the priority. If another vehicle is not detected, it will pass through as it is. Whether or not the intersection 7 is approaching is determined by whether or not the unmanned vehicle 1 has detected a command plate or mark such as a magnet or an iron plate installed in front of the intersection. This autonomous control type intersection control is divided into two types as shown in (1) and (2) below depending on whether the vehicle detection sensor 8 is a reflection type or a transmission type. (1) Reflection type: A reflection type photoelectric sensor or an ultrasonic sensor is used as the vehicle detection sensor 8, and another vehicle is detected by receiving a reflection signal of a signal transmitted from the own vehicle. (2) Transmission type: A transmission type photoelectric sensor or an ultrasonic sensor is used as the vehicle detection sensor 8, and the other vehicle is detected by receiving the signal from the transmitter of the other vehicle by the receiver of the own vehicle.
【0006】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、地上型交差点
制御では、地上側に車両検出センサ3、通過信号送信機
4及び制御装置といった諸設備が必要とされ、また地上
側制御装置用の制御ソフトウェアが必要であり、実施に
要するコスト及び工数が多大である。更に、交差点数が
多い無人車システムの場合は、制御要素が多くなるの
で、分散して制御する必要がある。However, in the ground-based intersection control, various equipments such as the vehicle detection sensor 3, the passage signal transmitter 4 and the control device are required on the ground side, and the control software for the ground-side control device is required. Is required, and the cost and man-hours required for implementation are large. Further, in the case of an unmanned vehicle system having a large number of intersections, the number of control elements is large, and therefore it is necessary to perform distributed control.
【0007】一方、自律制御型交差点制御においては、
無人車1,1どうしの間に障害物が存在するような交差
点では、障害物は検出せずに他車だけを検出できるよう
に車両検出センサ8の検出エリアを調整する必要がある
が、この調整は難しい。また、交差点7の交差角によっ
ては他車を検出できないという死角が生じる場合があ
る。反射型の方が透過型よりも交差角のとれる範囲が広
くなるが、それでも図12(c)に示すような斜め合流
の交差点では死角が発生することがある。図12(c)
中、9は検出エリアを示す。On the other hand, in the autonomous control type intersection control,
At an intersection where an obstacle exists between the unmanned vehicles 1 and 1, it is necessary to adjust the detection area of the vehicle detection sensor 8 so that only the other vehicle can be detected without detecting the obstacle. Adjustment is difficult. Further, depending on the intersection angle of the intersection 7, there may be a blind spot in which another vehicle cannot be detected. The reflective type has a wider range of crossing angles than the transmissive type, but still, a blind spot may occur at an intersection of oblique merging as shown in FIG. FIG. 12 (c)
Inside, 9 shows a detection area.
【0008】本発明の目的は、上記従来技術の問題点を
解消することができる無人車の自律制御型交差点制御方
法を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide an autonomous control type intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle which can solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
【0009】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】(1)上記目的を達成す
る請求項1の発明の無人車の交差点制御方法は、無人車
間で無線により通信を行うこと、交差点進入時に他車へ
の待機制御用に信号を発信すること、他車への信号発信
前に他車からの待機制御用信号を受信した場合は該信号
が跡絶えるまで待機すること、他車への信号発信前に他
車からの信号を受信しない場合は交差点に進入するこ
と、交差点通過後は信号の発信を停止することを特徴と
するものである。この場合、好ましくは下記(2)〜
(8)のようにすると良い。 (2)請求項2の発明として、請求項1記載の無人車の
交差点制御方法において、他車からの信号を受信しない
場合、確認用時間をおいた後、再度他車からの信号を受
信しない時に交差点に進入し、他車からの信号を受信し
た場合は該信号が跡絶えるまで待機することを特徴とす
る。 (3)請求項3の発明として、請求項1または2記載の
無人車の交差点制御方法において、進入する交差点の情
報を無人車の発信信号に持たせること、他車からの信号
のうち自車が進入しようとする交差点の情報を持つもの
以外は無視することを特徴とする。 (4)請求項4の発明として、請求項1または2記載の
無人車の交差点制御方法において、無人車の発信信号に
優先順位の情報を持たせること、他車への信号発信時に
他車からの信号を受信した時は、自車の優先順位が高い
場合は交差点に進入し、自車の優先順位が低い場合は待
機することを特徴とする。 (5)請求項5の発明として、請求項1または2記載の
無人車の交差点制御方法において、他車への信号を周期
的に発信することを特徴とする。 (6)請求項6の発明として、請求項5記載の無人車の
交差点制御方法において、信号発信のデューティが優先
順位に対応することを特徴とする。 (7)請求項7の発明として、請求項3記載の無人車の
交差点制御方法において、交差点の情報が進入しようと
する交差点の番号に対応したコード及び周波数のいずれ
か一方であることを特徴とする。 (8)請求項8の発明として、請求項1記載の無人車の
交差点制御方法において、無線通信が微弱電波及び光の
いずれか一方であることを特徴とする。(1) An unmanned vehicle intersection control method according to a first aspect of the present invention that achieves the above object, wherein wireless communication is performed between unmanned vehicles, and standby control to another vehicle when entering an intersection. Signal for other vehicles, if a standby control signal from another vehicle is received before transmitting a signal to another vehicle, wait until the signal disappears, before transmitting a signal to another vehicle from another vehicle When the signal of No. is not received, it enters the intersection, and after passing the intersection, the transmission of the signal is stopped. In this case, preferably the following (2)-
It is good to do like (8). (2) As an invention of claim 2, in the method of controlling an intersection of an unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, when a signal from another vehicle is not received, a signal from another vehicle is not received again after a confirmation time has elapsed. When entering a crossroads and receiving a signal from another vehicle, it waits until the signal disappears. (3) As an invention of claim 3, in the intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, the information of an approaching intersection is included in an outgoing signal of the unmanned vehicle, and the own vehicle among signals from other vehicles It is characterized in that it ignores all information except those that have information on the intersection that it is about to enter. (4) As an invention of claim 4, in the intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, the transmission signal of the unmanned vehicle is given priority information, and when the signal is transmitted to another vehicle, it is transmitted from another vehicle. When the vehicle's priority is high, it enters the intersection, and when the vehicle's priority is low, it waits. (5) The invention of claim 5 is characterized in that, in the intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, a signal to another vehicle is periodically transmitted. (6) The invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in the intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle according to claim 5, the duty of signal transmission corresponds to the priority order. (7) As an invention of claim 7, in the intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle according to claim 3, the information of the intersection is one of a code and a frequency corresponding to the number of the intersection to enter. To do. (8) The invention of claim 8 is the intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the wireless communication is one of weak radio waves and light.
【0010】[0010]
【作用】(1)請求項1の発明では、無線通信により自
律型交差点制御を行うから、地上設備が不要であり、ま
た交差角など、交差点設置の制約がなくなる。 (2)請求項2の発明では、他車からの信号がない場
合、確認時間をおいて他車からの信号の有無を再確認す
るから、衝突防止が一層確実になる。 (3)請求項3の発明では、交差点情報を持つことによ
り、接近した交差点間での干渉がなくなる。 (4)請求項4の発明では、優先順位情報を持つことに
より、同時進入時の誤動作がなくなる。 (5)請求項5の発明では、周期的発信により、無駄な
待機が減る。 (6)請求項6の発明では、信号発信のデューティ設定
により、優先順位を簡単に決めることができる。 (7)請求項7の発明では、コードまたは周波数の設定
により、交差点情報を簡単に持つことができる。 (8)請求項8の発明では、交差点間の干渉が簡単にな
くなる。(1) According to the first aspect of the present invention, since autonomous intersection control is performed by wireless communication, ground equipment is not required, and restrictions on intersection installation such as intersection angles are eliminated. (2) According to the second aspect of the invention, when there is no signal from the other vehicle, the presence of a signal from the other vehicle is reconfirmed after a confirmation time. (3) According to the invention of claim 3, by having the intersection information, the interference between the approaching intersections is eliminated. (4) According to the invention of claim 4, by having the priority order information, malfunctions at the time of simultaneous approach can be eliminated. (5) According to the invention of claim 5, useless waiting is reduced by periodic transmission. (6) In the invention of claim 6, the priority order can be easily determined by setting the duty of signal transmission. (7) In the invention of claim 7, the intersection information can be easily held by setting the code or the frequency. (8) In the invention of claim 8, the interference between the intersections is easily eliminated.
【0011】[0011]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照して説明
する。図1は無人車に搭載された設備を示し、無人車の
全体的な制御装置10に加えて、自律型交差点制御用の
無線による通信機11及び交差点制御装置12が搭載さ
れている。10Aはマーク検出器であり、無人車の走行
路上に沿って配置されたコマンドプレートとしての磁
石、鉄板等のマークを検出し、無人車制御装置10に与
える。無人車制御装置10はマーク検出に応じて予めR
AMに記憶した動作、例えば交差点手前での交差点認
識、加速や減速等の各種制御を行うものであり、交差点
を認識すると交差点制御装置12に交差点制御開始指令
13を与える。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows equipment installed in an unmanned vehicle. In addition to the overall control device 10 of the unmanned vehicle, a wireless communication device 11 and an intersection control device 12 for autonomous intersection control are installed. Reference numeral 10A is a mark detector that detects marks such as magnets and iron plates as command plates arranged along the traveling path of the unmanned vehicle and gives them to the unmanned vehicle control device 10. The unmanned vehicle control device 10 detects whether the R
The operation stored in the AM, for example, various controls such as intersection recognition in front of the intersection and acceleration and deceleration are performed. When the intersection is recognized, the intersection control start command 13 is given to the intersection control device 12.
【0012】交差点制御開始令13が出ると、基本的に
は、交差点制御装置12は通信機11に送信ON指令1
4を与えて他車に対する待機制御用信号を発信させ、他
車に進入中であることを知らせながら交差点に進入して
通過後に発信を停止させ、一方、通信機11からの無線
キャリア有り信号15により信号発信前に他車からの信
号を受信したことが判った場合は、交差点制御装置12
から無人車制御装置10に停止指令16を与え、他車か
らの信号が一定時間跡絶えるまで停止して待機させる。
この場合、初めから他車からの信号がない時、または待
機後他車からの信号が跡絶えた時でも、念のため或る確
認時間をおいた後に、再度他車からの信号の有無を判断
し、無い時に信号を発信しながら交差点に進入するよう
にしている。When the intersection control start instruction 13 is issued, the intersection control device 12 basically sends a transmission ON command 1 to the communication device 11.
4 is given to transmit a standby control signal to another vehicle, stop the transmission after entering the intersection while passing through while notifying that another vehicle is entering, while the wireless carrier present signal 15 from the communication device 11 When it is determined that the signal from another vehicle is received before the signal is transmitted, the intersection control device 12
Gives a stop command 16 to the unmanned vehicle control device 10 to stop and wait until a signal from another vehicle disappears for a certain period of time.
In this case, even if there is no signal from the other vehicle from the beginning, or even if the signal from the other vehicle disappears after waiting, a certain confirmation time should be set as a precaution, and then the presence or absence of the signal from the other vehicle should be checked again. Judgment is made, and when it is not there, a signal is issued and the vehicle enters the intersection.
【0013】通信機11は微弱電波または光を用いた通
信範囲が20〜30mのものとして、複数の交差点が接
近する場合の交差点間の干渉を防いでいるが、更に干渉
を確実に防止するため発信信号に交差点情報を持たせて
いる。即ち、各車とも自車の発信信号にはこれから進入
しようとする交差点を示す情報を持たせ、他車からの信
号に対しては、自車がこれから進入しようとする交差点
の情報を持つ信号以外、無視するようにしてある。交差
点情報としては、本実施例では下記(1)〜(3)のい
ずれかを選定できるようにしてある。 (1)微弱電波を用いる場合:通信機11に予め交差点
数分のキャリア周波数を用意しておき、無人車制御装置
10が交差点を認識する毎に予め各交差点に対応させて
おいたテーブル等から該当する交差点の選択指令17を
交差点制御装置12に与え、この制御装置12から通信
機11に周波数選択指令18を与えることにより、交差
点に対応したキャリア周波数で信号発信を行う。 (2)光を用いる場合(その1):通信機11は光を周
波数変調するものとして通信機11に交差点数分のキャ
リア周波数を用意しておき、無人車制御装置10が交差
点を認識する毎に予め各交差点に対応させておいたテー
ブル等から該当する交差点の選択指令17を交差点制御
装置12に与え、この制御装置12から通信機11に周
波数選択指令18を与えることにより、交差点に対応し
たキャリア周波数で周波数変調して信号発信を行う。 (3)光を用いる場合(その2):通信機11は光を変
調するが、無人車制御装置10が交差点を認識する毎に
予め各交差点に付与しておいた番号をテーブル等から選
択指令17として交差点制御装置12に与え、この制御
装置12から通信機11に交差点番号を示すコードの送
信データ19を与えることにより、交差点番号を持つ信
号発信を行う。 (4)なお、電波を用いる場合でも(2)または(3)
のようにしても良い。The communication device 11 has a communication range of 20 to 30 m using weak radio waves or light to prevent the interference between the intersections when a plurality of intersections approach each other. The outgoing signal has intersection information. In other words, each vehicle has information indicating the intersection that it is about to enter in its own signal, and signals other than those that have information about the intersection that it is about to enter. , I try to ignore it. As the intersection information, any one of the following (1) to (3) can be selected in this embodiment. (1) In the case of using weak radio waves: From the table or the like which is prepared in advance in the communication device 11 for carrier frequencies corresponding to the number of intersections and is associated with each intersection in advance every time the unmanned vehicle control device 10 recognizes an intersection. A corresponding intersection selection command 17 is given to the intersection control device 12, and a frequency selection command 18 is given from the control device 12 to the communication device 11 to perform signal transmission at a carrier frequency corresponding to the intersection. (2) When using light (No. 1): The communication device 11 prepares carrier frequencies for the number of intersections in the communication device 11 for frequency-modulating light, and every time the unmanned vehicle control device 10 recognizes an intersection. A corresponding intersection selection command 17 is given to the intersection control device 12 from a table or the like previously associated with each intersection, and a frequency selection command 18 is given from the control device 12 to the communication device 11 to correspond to the intersection. The signal is transmitted by frequency modulation with the carrier frequency. (3) When using light (No. 2): The communication device 11 modulates the light, but each time the unmanned vehicle control device 10 recognizes an intersection, a command assigned to each intersection in advance is selected from a table or the like. 17 is given to the intersection control device 12, and the control device 12 gives the communication device 11 the transmission data 19 of the code indicating the intersection number, thereby transmitting the signal having the intersection number. (4) Even when using radio waves, (2) or (3)
You may do like this.
【0014】更に、各無人車の通信機11は信号に優先
順位情報を持たせて発信するようにしてある。交差点制
御は、基本的には前述した如く早いもの勝ちであり、優
先順位が低い無人車でも図3(a)に示すように交差点
に先に近づいたものが進入し、通過する。しかし、同時
に進入した場合は互いに相手の信号を受信できず誤動作
する恐れがあるが、優先順位を付与することにより図3
(b)に示すように、優先順位が低い無人車Aが待機
し、優先順位が高い無人車Bが進入し通過することによ
り、誤動作がなくなる。図3中の符号30は、各車の通
信機11の信号発信期間(送信ON)を示す。優先順位
情報としては、無人車の号車番号、無人車が走行するル
ート番号、走行しているルート中の位置等があり、手動
スイッチの操作あるいはマーク検出に応じたルートプロ
グラム中での設定により決められ、交差点制御装置12
から送信データ19として通信機11に与えられて優先
順位情報を持つ信号発信が行われる。なお、自車が信号
発信後でも、優先順位の高い他車の信号を受信した場合
は、そこで自車の発信を停止し、他車の信号が一定時間
跡絶えるまで待機するようにしても良い。Further, the communication device 11 of each unmanned vehicle transmits signals with priority information. As described above, the intersection control is basically the quickest win, and even an unmanned vehicle with a low priority order will approach and pass the approaching vehicle as shown in FIG. 3 (a). However, if they enter at the same time, they may not receive each other's signals and may malfunction.
As shown in (b), the unmanned vehicle A having a low priority stands by, and the unmanned vehicle B having a high priority enters and passes, so that the malfunction is eliminated. Reference numeral 30 in FIG. 3 indicates a signal transmission period (transmission ON) of the communication device 11 of each vehicle. The priority information includes the number of the unmanned vehicle, the route number on which the unmanned vehicle travels, the position in the route on which the unmanned vehicle is traveling, etc., and is determined by operating the manual switch or setting in the route program according to mark detection. The intersection control device 12
Is given to the communication device 11 as the transmission data 19 from the above and the signal transmission having the priority information is performed. Even after the own vehicle has transmitted a signal, if the signal of another vehicle having a high priority is received, the transmission of the own vehicle may be stopped at that point and the other vehicle's signal may be kept waiting for a certain period of time. .
【0015】各無人車の通信機11は交差点進入に際
し、常時信号を発信する必要は必ずしもなく、周期的に
発信するようにしても良い。このような周期的発信の場
合は、発信周期に対する発信期間(送信ON)の割合、
即ちデューティを優先順位に対応して変えることによ
り、同時進入時の誤動作を防ぐことができる。優先順位
とデューティの関係には、図3に示すように発信周期T
を各車一定にし、優先順位が高いほど発信期間T1 を長
くする、即ち送信OFF期間T2 を短くする場合と、図
4に示すように発信期間T1 を各車一定にし、優先順位
が高いほど発信周期Tを短くする、即ち送信OFF期間
T2 を短くする場合とがある。いずれの場合も、図1に
おいて、無人車制御装置10から交差点制御装置12に
対し、無人車の号車番号、走行ルート番号、走行ルート
中の位置等によって決まる優先順位に応じて送信デュー
ティ選択指令20が与えられ、これで指定された送信O
FF期間T2 だけ交差点制御装置12から通信機11に
送信ON指令20を与えないようにしている。いずれの
場合も、T2 =T−T1 となる。The communication device 11 of each unmanned vehicle does not always need to transmit a signal at the time of approaching an intersection, but may transmit it periodically. In the case of such periodic transmission, the ratio of the transmission period (transmission ON) to the transmission cycle,
That is, by changing the duty according to the priority order, it is possible to prevent malfunctions at the time of simultaneous approach. The relationship between the priority and the duty is as shown in FIG.
Is set to be constant for each vehicle, the transmission period T 1 is made longer as the priority is higher, that is, the transmission OFF period T 2 is made shorter, and the transmission period T 1 is made constant for each vehicle as shown in FIG. In some cases, the higher the transmission cycle T, the shorter the transmission OFF period T 2 may be. In either case, in FIG. 1, the unmanned vehicle control device 10 instructs the intersection control device 12 to select the transmission duty selection command 20 according to the priority order determined by the number of the unmanned vehicle, the traveling route number, the position in the traveling route, and the like. Is given and the specified transmission O
The transmission ON command 20 is not given from the intersection control device 12 to the communication device 11 only during the FF period T 2 . In any case, T 2 = T−T 1 .
【0016】なお、図1中で、21はモード選択指令で
あり、これにより通信機11を交差点制御モードと、無
人車と地上間の通信モードとに使い分ける。22は受信
データであり、これには交差点情報、優先順位情報ある
いは地上からの受信情報がある。23は地上と無人車間
のシリアル通信データである。24は通信媒体選択指令
であり、これにより微弱電波を用いるか、光を用いるか
を選定する。25は送信可信号であり、この信号25が
通信機11から出ている時のみ、送信ON指令14を与
えることができる。In FIG. 1, reference numeral 21 designates a mode selection command, which allows the communication device 11 to be selectively used for the intersection control mode and the communication mode between the unmanned vehicle and the ground. Reference numeral 22 is reception data, which includes intersection information, priority information, or reception information from the ground. 23 is serial communication data between the ground and the unmanned vehicle. Reference numeral 24 is a communication medium selection command, which selects whether weak radio waves or light is used. Reference numeral 25 is a transmission enable signal, and the transmission ON command 14 can be given only when this signal 25 is output from the communication device 11.
【0017】次に、図4〜図11を参照して自律型交差
点制御の具体例を説明する。まず、図4に示すように、
信号の発信周期Tを優先順位に応じて変化させるものと
し、且つ発信周期(送信ON期間)T1 を一定にし、優
先順位が高い無人車ほど送信OFF期間T2 を長くする
ものとする。この優先順位指定は図5に示す手順で無人
車制御装置10が行う。図6に走行ルートがNo.1とN
o.2の2つある無人車システムを示す。図5におい
て、走行ルート、ルート中の位置及び号車のうちいずれ
で優先順位を決めるかを選択し(S1a,S1b,S1
c)、選択したものの番号を認識し(S2a,S2b,
S2c)、認識した番号に対応するタイミング周期を設
定し(S3a,S3b,S3c)、次いでこのタイミン
グ周期を発信周期Tとする(S4)。T2 =T−T1 が
送信OFF期間となる。交差点近傍に至ったら交差点制
御の処理を開始する(S5,S6)。Next, a specific example of autonomous intersection control will be described with reference to FIGS. First, as shown in FIG.
It is assumed that the signal transmission cycle T is changed according to the priority order, the transmission cycle (transmission ON period) T 1 is fixed, and the transmission OFF period T 2 is set longer for an unmanned vehicle having a higher priority order. The priority designation is performed by the unmanned vehicle control device 10 in the procedure shown in FIG. In Figure 6, the driving route is No. 1 and N
o. 2 shows two unmanned vehicle systems. In FIG. 5, it is selected which of the traveling route, the position in the route, and the car to determine the priority order (S1a, S1b, S1.
c) recognize the number of the selected one (S2a, S2b,
S2c), the timing cycle corresponding to the recognized number is set (S3a, S3b, S3c), and then this timing cycle is set as the transmission cycle T (S4). T 2 = T−T 1 is the transmission OFF period. When reaching the vicinity of the intersection, the intersection control process is started (S5, S6).
【0018】交差点近傍は図7に示すように、進入方向
上流側から順に、エリアA、エリアB、エリアCに分
け、それぞれに応じて制御を説明する。なお、エリアC
は交差点中央を含んでいる。自車がどのエリアに存在し
ているかは、交差点検出後のエンコーダによる走行距離
から判る。As shown in FIG. 7, the vicinity of the intersection is divided into area A, area B, and area C from the upstream side in the approach direction, and the control will be described according to each. Area C
Includes the center of the intersection. The area in which the vehicle is located can be known from the running distance by the encoder after the intersection is detected.
【0019】[微弱電波を用いた場合の交差点制御例]
を図8,図9により説明する。 (1)交差点手前即ちエリアAに達したら、交差点に対
応したキャリア周波数(f)または交差点番号(コー
ド)を選択し、これらのキャリア周波数fまたは交差点
番号コードの信号が他車から発信されていないかどうか
を判定し、発信されていない場合は確認のため或る一定
時間連続して即ちX回連続してカウンタがカウントする
まで自車の信号発信を止め、一定期間経過したら自車の
信号発信を開始する。(各ステップS11,S12,S
13,S14参照) (2)ステップS12で他車の信号を受信した場合、無
人車の走行を停止し、一定期間連続して即ちX回連続し
てカウンタがカウントするまで、無人車の走行と自車の
信号発信を停止し続け、その後、無人車を発進させ、自
車の信号発信を開始する。(各ステップS15,S1
6,S17,S18参照) (3)自車の信号発信と共にエリアBに進入したら、自
車の信号発信をT1 (秒)間で止め、他車から信号が発
信されていないかどうかを判定し、発信されていない場
合はT2 (秒)間自車の信号発信を止めた後、T1 秒間
信号を発信する。これをY回繰り返しながら進入する。
(各ステップS19,S20,S21,S22,S2
3,S24,S25参照) (4)ステップS22で他車の信号を受信した場合、無
人車の走行を停止し、一定期間連続して即ちX回連続し
てカウンタがカウントするまで、無人車の走行と自車の
信号発信を停止し続け、その後、無人車を発進させ、自
車の信号発信を開始しステップ20に戻る。(各ステッ
プS26,S27,S28,S29参照) (5)自車の信号発信と発信停止を繰り返してエリアC
に入ると、交差点通過後、無人車のエンコーダによる走
行距離から通過完了が判るので、以後信号発信を停止し
て走行する。(各ステップS30,S31,S32,S
33参照)[Example of intersection control when weak radio waves are used]
Will be described with reference to FIGS. (1) When the vehicle reaches the area before the intersection, that is, the area A, the carrier frequency (f) or the intersection number (code) corresponding to the intersection is selected, and the signal of the carrier frequency f or the intersection number code is not transmitted from another vehicle. If it is not transmitted, the signal transmission of the own vehicle is stopped for a certain period of time continuously, that is, X times continuously until the counter counts, and after a certain period of time, the own vehicle signal transmission is performed. To start. (Each step S11, S12, S
(See 13 and S14) (2) When the signal of the other vehicle is received in step S12, the unmanned vehicle stops traveling, and the unmanned vehicle travels continuously for a certain period of time, that is, until the counter continuously counts X times. The signal transmission of the own vehicle is continuously stopped, and then the unmanned vehicle is started to start the signal transmission of the own vehicle. (Each step S15, S1
(6, S17, S18) (3) When entering the area B together with the signal transmission of the own vehicle, stop the signal transmission of the own vehicle for T 1 (seconds) and determine whether the signal is transmitted from another vehicle If the signal has not been transmitted, the signal transmission of the own vehicle is stopped for T 2 (seconds), and then the signal is transmitted for T 1 seconds. Repeat this Y times to enter.
(Each step S19, S20, S21, S22, S2
(3, S24, S25) (4) When the signal of the other vehicle is received in step S22, the unmanned vehicle stops traveling and continues to operate for a certain period of time, that is, until the counter continuously counts X times. The running and the signal transmission of the own vehicle are continuously stopped, and thereafter, the unmanned vehicle is started, the signal transmission of the own vehicle is started, and the process returns to step 20. (Refer to steps S26, S27, S28, S29) (5) Area C by repeating the signal transmission and the transmission stop of the own vehicle
After entering the intersection, after passing through the intersection, the completion of the passage can be known from the traveling distance by the encoder of the unmanned vehicle, and thereafter, the signal transmission is stopped and the vehicle travels. (Each step S30, S31, S32, S
(See 33)
【0020】[光を用いた場合の交差点制御例]を図1
0,図11により説明する。 (1)交差点手前即ちエリアAに達したら、交差点に対
応したキャリア周波数(f)または交差点番号(コー
ド)を選択し、これらのキャリア周波数fまたは交差点
番号コードの信号が他車から発信されていないかどうか
を判定し、発信されていない場合は確認のため或る一定
期間連続して即ちX回連続してカウンタがカウントする
まで自車の信号発信を止め、一定期間経過したら自車の
信号発信を開始する。(各ステップS41,S42,S
43,S44参照) (2)ステップS42で他車の信号を受信した場合、無
人車の走行を停止し、一定期間連続して即ちX回連続し
てカウンタがカウントするまで、無人車の走行と自車の
信号発信を停止し続け、その後、無人車を発進させ、自
車の信号発信を開始する。(各ステップS45,S4
6,S47,S48参照) (3)自車の信号発信と共にエリアBに進入したら、自
車の信号発信をT1 (秒)間で止め、他車から信号が発
信されていないかどうかを判定し、発信されていない場
合はT2 (秒)間自車の信号発信を止めた後、T1 秒間
信号を発信する。これを交差点通過まで繰り返しながら
進入する。(各ステップS49,S50,S51,S5
2,S54,S55参照) (4)ステップS52で他車の信号を受信した場合、無
人車の走行を停止し、一定期間連続して即ちX回連続し
てカウンタがカウントするまで、無人車の走行と自車の
信号発信を停止し続け、その後、無人車を発進させ、ス
テップS55を経てステップS50に戻り、自車の信号
発信を開始し、交差点を通過するまで信号発信と発進停
止を繰り返しながら進入する。(各ステップS56,S
57,S58) (5)自車の信号発信と発信停止を繰り返してエリアC
に入ると、交差点通過後、無人車のエンコーダによる走
行距離から通過完了が判るので、以後信号発信を停止し
て走行する。(各ステップS60,S61参照)[Example of intersection control using light] is shown in FIG.
0 will be described with reference to FIG. (1) When the vehicle reaches the area before the intersection, that is, the area A, the carrier frequency (f) or the intersection number (code) corresponding to the intersection is selected, and the signal of the carrier frequency f or the intersection number code is not transmitted from another vehicle. If it is not transmitted, it stops the signal transmission of the own vehicle for a certain fixed period continuously, that is, X consecutive times for the confirmation, and if the certain period has elapsed, the own vehicle signal is transmitted. To start. (Each step S41, S42, S
43, S44) (2) When the signal of another vehicle is received in step S42, the traveling of the unmanned vehicle is stopped and the traveling of the unmanned vehicle is continued until the counter continuously counts for a certain period of time, that is, X consecutive times. The signal transmission of the own vehicle is continuously stopped, and then the unmanned vehicle is started to start the signal transmission of the own vehicle. (Each step S45, S4
(6, S47, S48) (3) When entering the area B together with the signal transmission of the own vehicle, stop the signal transmission of the own vehicle for T 1 (seconds) and determine whether the signal is transmitted from another vehicle If the signal has not been transmitted, the signal transmission of the own vehicle is stopped for T 2 (seconds), and then the signal is transmitted for T 1 seconds. Repeat this process until you reach the intersection. (Each step S49, S50, S51, S5
2, S54, S55) (4) When the signal of the other vehicle is received in step S52, the driving of the unmanned vehicle is stopped, and the unmanned vehicle is stopped until the counter counts continuously for a certain period, that is, X consecutive times. Continues to stop traveling and signal transmission of own vehicle, then starts unmanned vehicle, returns to step S50 through step S55, starts signal transmission of own vehicle, and repeats signal transmission and start / stop until passing an intersection While entering. (Each step S56, S
57, S58) (5) Repeatedly transmitting and stopping the signal of the own vehicle, area C
After entering the intersection, after passing through the intersection, the completion of the passage can be known from the traveling distance by the encoder of the unmanned vehicle, and thereafter, the signal transmission is stopped and the vehicle travels. (See steps S60 and S61)
【0021】[0021]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば下記のような効果があ
る。 (1)請求項1の発明では、無線通信により自律型交差
点制御を行うから、地上設備が不要であり、また交差角
など、交差点設置の制約がなくなる。 (2)請求項2の発明では、他車からの信号がない場
合、確認時間をおいて他車からの信号の有無を再確認す
るから、衝突防止が一層確実になる。 (3)請求項3の発明では、交差点情報を持つことによ
り、接近した交差点間での干渉がなくなる。 (4)請求項4の発明では、優先順位情報を持つことに
より、同時進入時の誤動作がなくなる。 (5)請求項5の発明では、周期的発信により、無駄な
待機が減る。 (6)請求項6の発明では、信号発信のデューティ設定
により、優先順位を簡単に決めることができる。 (7)請求項7の発明では、コードまたは周波数の設定
により、交差点情報を簡単に持つことができる。 (8)請求項8の発明では、交差点間の干渉がなくな
る。The present invention has the following effects. (1) In the invention of claim 1, since autonomous intersection control is performed by wireless communication, ground equipment is not required, and restrictions on intersection installation such as intersection angles are eliminated. (2) According to the second aspect of the invention, when there is no signal from the other vehicle, the presence of a signal from the other vehicle is reconfirmed after a confirmation time. (3) According to the invention of claim 3, by having the intersection information, the interference between the approaching intersections is eliminated. (4) According to the invention of claim 4, by having the priority order information, malfunctions at the time of simultaneous approach can be eliminated. (5) According to the invention of claim 5, useless waiting is reduced by periodic transmission. (6) In the invention of claim 6, the priority order can be easily determined by setting the duty of signal transmission. (7) In the invention of claim 7, the intersection information can be easily held by setting the code or the frequency. (8) In the invention of claim 8, there is no interference between intersections.
【図1】本発明の実施例に係る無人車の構成を示す図。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an unmanned vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】優先順位による交差点進入時の様子を示す図。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state when entering an intersection according to a priority order.
【図3】優先順位とデューティの関係例を示す図。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between priority and duty.
【図4】優先順位とデューティの関係例を示す図。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between priority and duty.
【図5】優先順位指定の手順例を示す図。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a procedure for specifying a priority order.
【図6】2つの走行ルートを有する無人車システムを示
す図。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an unmanned vehicle system having two traveling routes.
【図7】交差点近傍のエリア分けを示す図。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing area division in the vicinity of an intersection.
【図8】微弱電波を用いた場合の交差点制御の流れを示
す図。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a flow of intersection control when weak radio waves are used.
【図9】微弱電波を用いた場合の交差点制御の流れを示
す図。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the flow of intersection control when weak radio waves are used.
【図10】光を用いた場合の交差点制御の流れを示す
図。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a flow of intersection control when light is used.
【図11】光を用いた場合の交差点制御の流れを示す
図。FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a flow of intersection control when light is used.
【図12】従来技術を示す図。FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a conventional technique.
10 無人車制御装置 11 通信機 12 交差点制御装置 10 Unmanned Vehicle Control Device 11 Communication Device 12 Intersection Control Device
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 上符 敏昭 東京都品川区大崎二丁目1番17号 株式会 社明電舍内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshiaki Uemura 2-17-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo
Claims (8)
交差点進入時に他車への待機制御用に信号を発信するこ
と、他車への信号発信前に他車からの待機制御用信号を
受信した場合は該信号が跡絶えるまで待機すること、他
車への信号発信前に他車からの信号を受信しない場合は
交差点に進入すること、交差点通過後は信号の発信を停
止することを特徴とする無人車の交差点制御方法。1. Wireless communication between unmanned vehicles,
Send a signal for waiting control to another vehicle when entering an intersection, and if a signal for waiting control from another vehicle is received before sending a signal to another vehicle, wait until the signal disappears, another vehicle A method for controlling an intersection of an unmanned vehicle, which comprises entering an intersection when a signal from another vehicle is not received before transmitting a signal to the vehicle, and stopping transmitting the signal after passing the intersection.
において、他車からの信号を受信しない場合、確認用時
間をおいた後、再度他車からの信号を受信しない時に交
差点に進入し、他車からの信号を受信した場合は該信号
が跡絶えるまで待機することを特徴とする無人車の交差
点制御方法。2. The method for controlling an intersection of an unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein when a signal from another vehicle is not received, a confirmation time elapses and then the vehicle enters the intersection when a signal from another vehicle is not received again. A method for controlling an intersection of an unmanned vehicle, characterized in that when a signal from another vehicle is received, the signal waits until the signal disappears.
制御方法において、進入する交差点の情報を無人車の発
信信号に持たせること、他車からの信号のうち自車が進
入しようとする交差点の情報を持つもの以外は無視する
ことを特徴とする無人車の交差点制御方法。3. The unmanned vehicle intersection control method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an unmanned vehicle's outgoing signal is provided with information on an approaching intersection, and the own vehicle attempts to enter among signals from other vehicles. An intersection control method for unmanned vehicles, which is characterized by ignoring anything other than information that has intersection information.
制御方法において、無人車の発信信号に優先順位の情報
を持たせること、他車への信号発信時に他車からの信号
を受信した時は、自車の優先順位が高い場合は交差点に
進入し、自車の優先順位が低い場合は待機することを特
徴とする無人車の交差点制御方法。4. The method for controlling an intersection of an unmanned vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a signal sent from the unmanned vehicle has priority information, and a signal from another vehicle is received when the signal is transmitted to another vehicle. When the priority of the own vehicle is high, the vehicle enters the intersection, and when the priority of the own vehicle is low, the vehicle waits for the intersection.
制御方法において、他車への信号を周期的に発信するこ
とを特徴とする無人車の交差点制御方法。5. The unmanned vehicle intersection control method according to claim 1, wherein a signal to another vehicle is periodically transmitted.
において、信号発信のデューティが優先順位に対応する
ことを特徴とする無人車の交差点制御方法。6. The intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the duty of signal transmission corresponds to the priority.
において、交差点の情報が進入しようとする交差点の番
号に対応したコード及び周波数のいずれか一方であるこ
とを特徴とする無人車の交差点制御方法。7. The intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the information on the intersection is either one of a code and a frequency corresponding to the number of the intersection to be approached. Control method.
において、無線通信が微弱電波及び光のいずれか一方で
あることを特徴とする無人車の交差点制御方法。8. The intersection control method for an unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the wireless communication is one of weak radio waves and light.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4283275A JPH06131046A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1992-10-21 | Intersection control method for unmanned car |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4283275A JPH06131046A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1992-10-21 | Intersection control method for unmanned car |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH06131046A true JPH06131046A (en) | 1994-05-13 |
Family
ID=17663353
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP4283275A Pending JPH06131046A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1992-10-21 | Intersection control method for unmanned car |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH06131046A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10254545A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-25 | Yaskawa Electric Corp | Control method and simulation method |
JPWO2008152733A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-08-26 | 富士通株式会社 | robot |
JP2017021735A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Control method for travel control apparatus and travel control apparatus |
US20220177006A1 (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Automated driving control systems and methods based on intersection complexity |
-
1992
- 1992-10-21 JP JP4283275A patent/JPH06131046A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10254545A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-25 | Yaskawa Electric Corp | Control method and simulation method |
JPWO2008152733A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-08-26 | 富士通株式会社 | robot |
US8565923B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2013-10-22 | Fujitsu Limited | Robot |
JP2017021735A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Control method for travel control apparatus and travel control apparatus |
US20220177006A1 (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Automated driving control systems and methods based on intersection complexity |
US11453417B2 (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-09-27 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Automated driving control systems and methods based on intersection complexity |
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