JPH06130394A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To easily obtain the liquid crystal display element which can orient the inclining directions of liquid crystal molecules to >=2 directions by the orientation treatment being the same on the same substrate, has an extremely high visual angle without generating inversion, etc., and is formed by orienting and dividing one picture element in plural directions. CONSTITUTION:This liquid crystal display element consists of a liquid crystal cell 13 consisting of two sheets of the substrates 15, 17 with electrodes 14, 16 and a liquid crystal layer 18 of a nematic liquid crystal which is clamped between these substrates and has positive dielectric anisotropy and a pair of polarizers 11, 12 holding this liquid crystal cell 13. The above-mentioned liquid crystal display element has a means for paralleling the arraying directions of the substrate plane directions of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal on two sheets of the substrates surfaces and regulating the product (DELTAn, d) of the refractive index anisotropy (DELTAn) of the liquid crystal and the thickness (d) of the liquid crystal layer to 0.25+ or -0.05mum and means for providing the electrodes 14, 16 of one or both of the substrates forming one picture element with non-electrode forming parts segmenting these electrodes and orienting the tilt directions of the liquid crystal molecules to >=2 directions within one picture element by cross electric fields when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 18.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having a polarizer and a liquid crystal cell, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device in which one pixel is aligned and divided in a plurality of directions.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Liquid crystal display devices are actively used as display devices for personal OA equipment such as word processors and desktop personal computers due to their advantages of thinness, light weight and low power consumption. Liquid crystal display element (hereinafter L
Most of them (abbreviated as CD) use a nematic liquid crystal, and the display system can be roughly classified into two systems of birefringence mode and optical rotation mode.

A birefringent mode LCD using a twisted nematic liquid crystal has, for example, a molecular arrangement twisted by 90 ° or more (called ST method) and has steep electro-optical characteristics, so that a switching element is provided for each pixel. Even if there is no (thin film transistor or diode), a large capacity display can be easily obtained by time division driving.

On the other hand, the LCD of the optical rotation mode has a molecular arrangement twisted by 90 ° (called the TN method) and has a high response speed (tens of milliseconds) and a high contrast ratio. An LCD (for example, TFT-LCD) having a large display capacity and high contrast and high display performance by providing an element for each pixel
Can be realized.

In recent years, this TFT-LCD performs gradation display, and in combination with a color filter of three colors, another color display (for example, 512 colors for 8 gradations) is realized. These gradations are displayed by changing the applied voltage. Here, an example of the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic of the TN method is shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure, the curve is a monotonous decreasing curve in the front, but the curve observed obliquely has an extreme value. Therefore, in the TN method 9, when the driving voltage for gradation display is determined based on the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic on the front surface, when observed obliquely, there are phenomena such as display inversion, blackout, and blank areas. Occurs.

As a means for solving these problems, a method of improving the viewing angle dependence by using a liquid crystal display element in which two regions in which one liquid crystal molecule rises by 180 ° are provided in one pixel (Two Domain TN: TDTN) is used. Abbreviations such as JP-A-64-88520) and splay arrangements are used to obtain the same effect as TDTN.
(Abbreviated as DDTN Y.Koike, et.al., 1992, SID, p798)
Have been proposed. These are the above-mentioned applied voltage −
The purpose is to effectively eliminate the above-mentioned extreme value by setting two regions having different viewing angle dependences of transmittance characteristics as one pixel.

However, in TDTN, it is necessary to provide two or more orientation directions in each fine pixel, and it is difficult to realize the rubbing method which is practical in production. Also,
In DDTN, it is necessary to provide two or more types of pretilt angles in each pixel, and as a practical method for production, two or more types of alignment films are provided using a patterning method, etc. Will be greatly increased. Furthermore, when an organic alignment film is used, it is practically difficult to form two kinds of organic alignment films because the solvent used for forming the film has the ability to dissolve other organic alignment films. When forming a TFT-LCD, it is indispensable to use this organic alignment film from the viewpoint of the charge retention rate, and it is practically difficult to provide two or more types of alignment films using a patterning method or the like. You can say that. In short,
Providing two or more kinds of alignment states in one pixel poses a practical problem.

[0008]

As described above, in the conventional LCD, when performing gradation display, viewing angle dependence such as display reversal phenomenon due to the extreme value of applied voltage-transmittance characteristic. Was occurring. Further, as a means for solving these problems, it has been proposed that liquid crystal molecules are raised in two or more directions within one pixel so as to virtually eliminate the extreme value. Since it is trying to achieve by setting the state, it was difficult to realize in practice.

The present invention solves these inconveniences. As described above, it is possible to eliminate the extreme value by providing two or more rising directions of liquid crystal molecules in one pixel by a new cell structure or the like. Is what you are trying to do.

Further, in the conventional TN type liquid crystal, it is not preferable to set Δn · d to 0.4 μm or less from the viewpoint of optical rotatory power. Therefore, the viewing angle dependence of the contrast ratio has been a problem.

[0011]

As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides two substrates with electrodes and a liquid crystal layer of nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy sandwiched between these substrates. In a liquid crystal display element comprising a liquid crystal cell composed of and a pair of polarizers sandwiching the liquid crystal cell, the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal on the surface of the two substrates are parallel to each other, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal is Anisotropy (Δ
n) and the liquid crystal layer thickness (d) (Δn · d) is 0.25 ±
0.05 μm means and a non-electrode forming portion for partitioning the electrode is provided on the electrode of one or both substrates forming one pixel, and when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the liquid crystal display device comprises means for setting the tilt direction in two or more directions within one pixel by a lateral electric field.

Further, the liquid crystal cell and the optically anisotropic element described above are sandwiched between orthogonal polarizers, and the sum of the refractive index anisotropy and the layer thickness of the liquid crystal cell and the optically anisotropic element is Δn · d = 0.
It is characterized in that it is selected to be 25 ± 0.05 μm.

In the liquid crystal cell described above, the above-mentioned 2
The tilt directions of the liquid crystal molecules and the pretilt angles on the surfaces of the substrates are equal, or the pretilt angles are both 0.
It is characterized by being °.

[0014]

The present invention achieves the above object, and the principle and method of achieving the same will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, the display principle of the display mode used in the present invention will be described.

The liquid crystal display device of the present invention uses a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy, and the liquid crystal molecule alignment when no voltage is applied is substantially a so-called homogeneous alignment. The angle between the molecular long axis direction of these molecules and the polarizing plate absorption axis is 45 °. Therefore, the transmittance when no voltage is applied can be expressed by the following equation.

T = T ₀ sin ² (Δn · dπ / λ) (1) T: transmittance T ₀ : transmittance of parallel-arranged polarizing plates Δn · d: effective Retardation value λ: wavelength of incident light Further, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules tilt in the direction perpendicular to the cell plane according to the applied voltage, so the effective retardation value when observed from the front is It becomes smaller (since Δn becomes smaller). Therefore,
The transmittance when observed from the front also decreases from the expression (1) as the voltage is applied. (When the liquid crystal molecules are almost vertical, the transmittance becomes almost 0.) Therefore,
The liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a Δ of the liquid crystal composition when no voltage is applied.
The transmitted light based on the equation (1) is obtained by Δn equal to n, and when the voltage is applied, the effective Δn based on the applied voltage,
Therefore, the transmitted light based on the retardation value is obtained.

Here, the equation (1) is obtained by the following formula: wavelengths of three primary colors generally required for color display = 440 nm, 550 nm, 620
When nm is calculated, the relationship between Δn · d and T is as shown in FIG. As is clear from this figure, Δn · d when no voltage is applied is 0.25 μm or ±
When the thickness is in the range of 0.05 μm, the difference in the transmittance between the respective wavelengths becomes small, so that the transmitted light becomes almost white. In addition, since Δn · d is reduced by applying a voltage, the transmitted light is reduced at almost any wavelength.
In the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, no voltage is applied: white transmitted light is controlled, and when a voltage is applied, black transmitted light is controlled.

[0019]

Embodiments Next, liquid crystal display elements according to embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1) FIGS. 1 to 10 show an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, a plate-shaped polarizer, that is, a liquid crystal cell 13 between a pair of polarizing plates 11 and 12.
Is pinched. The absorption axis 11a of the upper polarizing plate 11 is arranged so as to be inclined 45 ° clockwise with respect to the horizontal direction h of the display surface, and the absorption axis 12a of the lower polarizing plate 12 is also counterclockwise with respect to the horizontal direction h. They are arranged at an angle of 45 °, and the crossing angle of the absorption axes of the polarizing plates is 90 °.

The liquid crystal cell 13 includes an upper substrate 15 made of glass having a transparent common electrode 14 and a lower substrate 17 having 640 × 400 matrix-arranged electrodes 16 divided for each pixel. A nematic liquid crystal (ZLI-1165, manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd.) having a positive dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between them with a cell thickness of 4 μm interposed therebetween to form a liquid crystal layer 18.

The refractive index anisotropy Δn of this liquid crystal is 0.006.
25, and therefore Δn × d is 0.25 μm.

Alignment films 27 and 28 (FIG. 4) made of polyimide are formed on the electrode surface of each substrate, and both the upper and lower substrates are oriented in the display surface vertical direction v which is inclined 90 ° with respect to the horizontal direction h. The rubbing processes 15a and 17a are performed. Therefore, the liquid crystal is not twisted but uniformly oriented in the v direction. This rubbing process may be performed once for each substrate. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, the liquid crystal molecules 18a have a pretilt angle α on the upper substrate 15 and a pretilt angle α on the lower substrate 17 tilted in the opposite direction to the upper substrate.
Therefore, one end ma of the liquid crystal molecules are in close contact with each other and the other end mb is in a sparse molecular arrangement (spray arrangement). Here, the molecular position in the layer thickness direction parallel to the substrate surface is at the position of d / 2, where d is the layer thickness at the central C position.

FIG. 2 shows one pixel electrode 16a among the electrodes 16 arranged in a matrix on the lower substrate 17. The electrode 16a is formed in a rectangular shape, and a slit, that is, a non-electrode forming portion 21 that divides the electrode into two regions A and B is formed in the central portion.
The electrodes are connected at 23. In this embodiment, the electrode size is 110 μm × 3300 μm, and the slit is 90
μm × 25 μm.

A switch element 24 of a thin film transistor made of a-Si is arranged at one corner of the region A and is connected to an electrode, and is also connected to a signal line electrode 25 and a gate line electrode 26 arranged around the electrode. There is. This pixel electrode constitutes one pixel of the display screen, and a large number of these pixel electrodes are arranged in a matrix to perform liquid crystal display control.

FIG. 4 shows a state of an electric field generated when a driving voltage is applied from the driving power source 30 to each electrode. In this case, due to the existence of the non-electrode forming portion 21 of the pixel electrode 16a,
Electric fields Ea and Eb having a lateral electric field component are generated in the pixel electrode region between the counter electrode 14 on the upper substrate 15. This electric field divides the tilt alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules into two.

That is, FIG. 5 shows the pixel electrode 1 with the same electric field.
6a shows an arrangement state of liquid crystal molecules on the regions A and B of 6a. In the region A, most of the liquid crystal molecules 18A in the layer thickness direction are aligned along the pretilt direction of the lower substrate 17, and in the region B, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned. Most of 18B in the layer thickness direction are arranged along the direction of the pretilt angle of the upper substrate 15. In other words, the position C where the liquid crystal molecules of the splay alignment in FIG. 6 are parallel to both substrates is located on the upper substrate 15 side in the region A and on the lower substrate 17 side in the region B. For this reason, the tilt directions of the liquid crystal molecules in both regions as a whole are different, and thus the viewing angle dependence is also different.

Here, the viewing angle dependence will be considered. When these liquid crystal display elements of the present embodiment are observed obliquely,
There are two directions in which molecules tilt. Therefore, the applied voltage-transmittance curve has no extreme value, and the above-mentioned inversion phenomenon can be alleviated.

For example, when the observation from the L direction in FIG. 5 is considered, the apparent retardation change of the region A is as shown by the curve A in FIG. 7, and the applied voltage-transmittance curve is the curve A in FIG. Like Further, in the region B, the apparent retardation change is as shown by the curve B in FIG. 7, and the applied voltage-transmittance curve is as shown by the curve B in FIG. Therefore, the change in retardation as a whole is shown by the curve (A
+ B), and the applied voltage-transmittance curve becomes the curve (A + B) in FIG. As a result, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention alleviates the viewing angle dependence of the applied voltage-transmittance characteristics of the two regions even when observed obliquely.
The liquid crystal display device has no extreme value in the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic and practically has no inversion phenomenon.

Further, in order to obtain these effects, it is not necessary to make the alignment treatment different between the two regions as in the prior art, so that the problems associated with the high definition of the element described above do not occur.

Further, in principle, Δn · d of the liquid crystal cell can be set to a minimum of 0.25 ± 0.05 μm, and in this case, the set value becomes smaller than that of the conventional TN type liquid crystal display element, and so-called. The viewing angle dependence of contrast can be reduced.

In this example, when the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic was measured by changing the viewing angle in the L direction, no extreme value was generated on the curve in any viewing angle direction, as shown in FIG. When gradation display was performed using the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, good black and white display in which no reversal phenomenon occurred at any viewing angle was obtained. Further, when the isocontrast characteristics were measured, as shown in FIG. 10, an extremely wide viewing angle dependency was obtained.

(Example 2) Probimide (Ciba Geigy Co., Ltd.) having the same electrode structure as in Example 1 and having a fine 2 μm pitch line and space as an alignment film instead of the rubbed alignment film. The liquid crystal molecules are horizontally aligned in the same direction as in Example 1 with respect to the plane of the substrate, and the pretilt angle is set to 0 ° for both the upper and lower substrates. (This alignment treatment method is described in detail in Proceedings of the 17th Liquid Crystal Conference, p26, 2F108 (1991), and is characterized in that the pretilt angle is 0 °.) As in Example 1, the viewing angle is changed. When the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic was measured by shaking, the same effect as in Example 1 was obtained.

Comparative Example 1 The cell thickness of Example 1 was 6.0 μm.
When a cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that m was set, the transmitted light when no voltage was applied was colored yellow, and black and white display could not be realized. This reduces the cell retardation to 0.
If it is not 25 ± 0.05 μm, it means that the transmitted light is colored when no voltage is applied.

(Comparative Example 2) In Example 1, a cell was prepared under the same conditions except that the rubbing direction of one side substrate was reversed. A voltage was applied to this cell, but the liquid crystal molecule alignment states did not become two types. From this,
As in the present invention, the inclining direction of liquid crystal molecules is set to 2 by using a lateral electric field.
If the number of orientations is greater than or equal to 2, the orientation treatment on the substrate surface
The liquid crystal molecules have the same tilt direction and pretilt angle on the surfaces of the substrates, or both pretilt angles are 0 °.
Means that it is necessary to be. That is, it is necessary to make the directions in which the liquid crystal molecules can be tilted in two directions by setting the pretilts of opposite polarities at the top and bottom or both pretilts to 0 °.

Example 3 A cell was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that Δn of the liquid crystal composition was 0.1 and the cell thickness was 3.5 μm, and the cell was rubbed. One retardation film of R = 100 μm made of polycarbonate was superposed so that the optical axis was in the direction orthogonal to the direction, and was sandwiched between orthogonal polarizers in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

When the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, a contrast ratio similar to that in Example 1 could be obtained at a lower voltage than in Example 1 on the front side.

Here, a change in molecular arrangement when a voltage is applied will be described. FIG. 12 shows the tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules with respect to the cell thickness direction. As is clear from this figure, the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules on the substrate surface does not change much with the applied voltage. This means that the effective retardation value is 0.
It means that it is hard to be. Therefore, the transmittance is also 0
Hard to be. From this, in order to set the retardation value to 0, the retardation value remaining when the voltage is applied (by the liquid crystal molecule whose tilt angle does not become 0 in FIG.
Optically anisotropic element having a retardation for canceling the generated retardation is added in advance to obtain 0.25 ± 0.0
It may be set to 5 μm. R = in this embodiment
In a 0.35 μm liquid crystal cell, a retardation film having a retardation value of 0.1 μm having an optical axis in the direction orthogonal to the molecular arrangement direction may be added. By doing so, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can obtain a high contrast ratio at almost a desired drive voltage.

Further, the steepness of the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic can be freely controlled by changing the retardation value of the above-mentioned optical anisotropic element. Therefore, a simple electrode structure without a switching element is used. Also, a large capacity display is possible.

(Embodiment 4) The absorption shaft 31 in FIG.
a, 32a is a pair of polarizing plates 31, 32 arranged orthogonally.
Holds a liquid crystal cell 33 having a simple matrix structure.
Further, a retardation film 39 is arranged as an optically anisotropic element between the upper polarizing plate 31 and the liquid crystal cell 33. The liquid crystal cell 33 has a large number of stripe-shaped electrodes 3 extending in the row direction.
An upper substrate 35 having 4 and a lower substrate 37 having a large number of stripe-shaped electrodes 36 extending in the column direction are arranged with a constant interval (liquid crystal cell thickness) with the electrodes of the substrates facing each other. A liquid crystal layer (not shown) is sandwiched in this gap.

As shown in FIG. 14, a region 40 where the electrode 34 of the upper substrate 35 and the substrate 36 of the lower substrate 37 intersect is defined as one pixel, and liquid crystal display is performed by applying a voltage to these electrodes. In the present embodiment, a slit-shaped non-electrode forming portion 41 is formed so as to divide the area into two parts in the central portion of the lower substrate where the pixel area 40 is formed in the figure. The non-electrode forming portion 41 generates an electric field having a lateral electric field component (substrate surface direction) in the liquid crystal layer when a drive voltage is applied to both electrodes 34 and 36. As in FIG. 4, since the lateral electric field in the region is in the opposite direction with the non-electrode forming portion as a sakai, two types of liquid crystal molecule alignment are formed in the same electrode region as in FIG. Therefore, the rubbing treatment for the alignment may be performed once for each substrate, and the manufacturing process is simplified.

In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal Δn of the liquid crystal cell 33 is
Was 0.2, the cell thickness was 5.0 μm, and a retardation film with R = 750 μm was used. When the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic was measured in the same manner as in Example 3, the curve became steeper than in Example 3. Using this liquid crystal display element,
When 400-duplex multiplex drive was performed, a contrast ratio of 200: 1 was obtained in front of the display surface.
The viewing angle dependence of the contrast ratio also showed a symmetrical orientation.

[0044]

According to the present invention, liquid crystal molecules can be tilted in two or more directions by the same alignment treatment on the same substrate, and the liquid crystal molecules can be easily and inexpensively stabilized, and the inversion phenomenon and the like can be prevented. It is possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having an extremely high viewing angle that does not occur.

Although not described in the embodiments, it is needless to say that the present invention can obtain the same effect by using the switching element made of MIM, and the display using the color filters of the three primary colors is also possible. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if colorization is performed.

It goes without saying that a higher viewing angle can be expected by adding an optical anisotropic element capable of compensating for the effective retardation that occurs when observing from an oblique direction.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a main part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of how an electric field is applied when a voltage is applied to an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in a state where a voltage is applied in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a splay alignment of liquid crystal molecules.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a change in retardation value with respect to an applied voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of applied voltage-transmittance characteristics of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of measurement results of applied voltage-transmittance characteristics according to an example of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of measurement results of isocontrast curves according to an example of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a calculated relationship between transmitted light intensity and retardation value of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the relationship of the liquid crystal molecule tilt angle with respect to the liquid crystal layer thickness direction in another example of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the configuration of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a partial perspective view showing an enlarged main part of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a curve diagram showing an example of applied voltage-transmittance characteristics of a conventional TN type liquid crystal display element.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11, 12 ... Polarizing plate, 13 ... Liquid crystal cell, 14, 16 ... Electrode 15 ... Upper substrate, 17 ... Lower substrate, 18 ... Liquid crystal layer 21 ... Non-electrode forming part A, B ... Region in one pixel Ea, Eb ... Electric field having transverse electric field component

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] February 3, 1993

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0005

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

In recent years, this TFT-LCD performs gradation display, and in combination with a color filter of three colors, another color display (for example, 512 colors for 8 gradations) is realized. These gradations are displayed by changing the applied voltage. Here, an example of the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic of the TN method is shown in FIG. As is clear from the figure, the curve is a monotonous decreasing curve in the front, but the curve observed obliquely has an extreme value. Therefore, In its contact to the TN scheme <br/> applied voltage in the front - when determining the driving voltage to perform gradation display based on transmittance characteristics, collapse reversal or black display when viewed from an oblique, white A phenomenon such as omission occurs.

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0017

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

T = T ₀ sin ² (Δn · dπ / λ) (1) T: transmittance T ₀ : transmittance of parallel-arranged polarizing plates Δn · d: effective a retardation value lambda: wavelength of incident light in addition, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are gradually tilted in the direction of the cell perpendicular to the plane in accordance with the applied voltage, the effective specific retardation of when observed from the front Becomes smaller (since Δn becomes smaller). Therefore,
The transmittance when observed from the front also decreases from the expression (1) as the voltage is applied. (When the liquid crystal molecules are almost vertical, the transmittance becomes almost 0.) Therefore,
The liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a Δ of the liquid crystal composition when no voltage is applied.
The transmitted light based on the equation (1) is obtained by Δn equal to n, and when the voltage is applied, the effective Δn based on the applied voltage,
Therefore, the transmitted light based on the retardation value is obtained.

[Procedure 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0023

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

The refractive index anisotropy Δn of this liquid crystal is 0.062.
5 , therefore Δn × d is 0.25 μm.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0042

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

As shown in FIG. 14, a region 40 where the electrode 34 of the upper substrate 35 and the substrate 36 of the lower substrate 37 intersect is defined as one pixel, and liquid crystal display is performed by applying a voltage to these electrodes. In the present embodiment, a slit-shaped non-electrode forming portion 41 is formed so as to divide the area into two parts in the central portion of the lower substrate where the pixel area 40 is formed in the figure. The non-electrode forming portion 41 generates an electric field having a lateral electric field component (substrate surface direction) in the liquid crystal layer when a drive voltage is applied to both electrodes 34 and 36. As in the case of FIG. 4, the lateral electric fields in the region are opposite to each other with the non-electrode forming portion as a boundary , and thus two kinds of liquid crystal molecule alignments are formed in the same electrode region as shown in FIG. . Therefore, the rubbing treatment for the alignment may be performed once for each substrate, and the manufacturing process is simplified.

[Procedure Amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0044

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0044]

According to the present invention, liquid crystal molecules can be tilted in two or more directions by the same alignment treatment on the same substrate, and the liquid crystal molecules can be easily and inexpensively stabilized, and the inversion phenomenon and the like can be prevented. It is possible to realize a liquid crystal display element having an extremely wide viewing angle that does not occur.

[Procedure correction 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0045

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Although not described in the embodiments, it is needless to say that the present invention can obtain the same effect by using the switching element made of MIM, and the display using the color filters of the three primary colors is also possible. it goes without saying that even if Na colorization obtain similar same effect.

[Procedure Amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0046

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Moreover, the actual image generated when observed obliquely
It goes without saying that a wider viewing angle can be expected if an optical anisotropic element capable of compensating for effective retardation is added.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tomiaki Yamamoto 8 Shinsita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Stock company, Toshiba Yokohama Works (72) Inventor Hitoshi Hato 8 Shinsugita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Ceremony company Toshiba Yokohama office

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal cell comprising two substrates with electrodes and a liquid crystal layer of nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy sandwiched between these substrates, and a pair of polarizers sandwiching the liquid crystal cell. In the liquid crystal display element, the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal on the two substrate surfaces in the substrate plane direction are parallel, and the product of the liquid crystal layer anisotropy (Δn) and the refractive index anisotropy (Δn) (Δn · d) to 0.25
± 0.05 μm, and a non-electrode forming portion for partitioning the electrode is provided on the electrode of one or both substrates forming one pixel, and the liquid crystal molecule is formed when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer. And a means for making the tilt directions of the two or more directions in one pixel by a lateral electric field. 2. A liquid crystal cell composed of two substrates with electrodes and a liquid crystal layer of nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy sandwiched between these substrates, and a pair of polarizers sandwiching the liquid crystal cell. In a liquid crystal display element, a non-electrode forming portion that partitions this electrode is provided on the electrode of one or both substrates forming one pixel, and when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecule is changed. A liquid crystal cell having means for making two or more directions in one pixel by a lateral electric field; an optical anisotropic element having a retardation value R, which is arranged at least between the one polarizer and the liquid crystal cell; The sum of the product Δn · d of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal cell and the layer thickness d and R of the optically anisotropic element is 0.25.
A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a means for adjusting the thickness to ± 0.05 μm. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the tilt directions and the pretilt angles of the liquid crystal molecules on the surfaces of the two substrates are equal to each other, or both the pretilt angles are 0 °.