JPH06102816A - Simulated field of view generator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] To simulate a natural three-dimensional object group with a three-dimensional effect without significantly increasing the data processing time and memory capacity. [Structure] When displaying a three-dimensional object group in a wide area with a simulated field-of-view device, it has side surface data representing a three-dimensionally displayed three-dimensional object on a plane where the three-dimensional object group exists, and the side data is present on the data By performing texture mapping and controlling the rotation angles around the tangent to the plane and around the Z axis so that the side data and the line of sight are always perpendicular to each other depending on the altitude of the viewpoint and the distance to the object, a three-dimensional effect is obtained. Represent a group of three-dimensional objects

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a simulated field-of-view generator which is most suitable for use in flight simulators and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When simulating a place where many solid objects exist in a wide area such as a city, if each solid is created as one data, the number of planes becomes very large. The amount of data to be processed becomes enormous, and the processing takes a very long time. Therefore, as a conventional technique, a texture mapping method is used in which a photograph or a peculiar pattern (texture pattern) is pasted on a plane where those three-dimensional object groups are present to make it look as if a three-dimensional object exists. Came. However, for a solid object group such as a city to exist, it must be a very large plane, so a huge and high-speed memory is required to have a texture pattern that supports it. On the other hand, there is also a method of dividing this large plane into many small planes and attaching a texture pattern suitable for each, but since it is necessary to have many texture patterns In addition, a high-speed memory is required, and since the number of planes displayed is large, the processing time becomes long. Therefore, the conventional flight simulator
In a simulated visual field generator such as a computer, one small texture pattern that fits a plane is held in the memory,
By repeatedly pasting the pattern on one plane, it appears as if there were a group of three-dimensional objects at high speed without having a huge memory.

[0003]

In the above-mentioned conventional method,
There is no problem if the viewpoint is farther than the plane, because a photograph or a peculiar pattern (texture pattern) is simply attached to the plane, but the closer the plane is to the plane (the lower the altitude), the more solid the plane becomes. Since it does not exist, it is just a flat surface with no stereoscopic effect. In order to solve this drawback, an object of the present invention is to simulate a natural three-dimensional object group having a three-dimensional effect without significantly increasing the data processing time and the memory capacity.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has side surface data representing a solid displayed in a screen shape on a plane having no height data, and texture mapping thereon. By giving a three-dimensional effect.

[0005]

By this method, when observing the plane on which the three-dimensional object group exists from a low altitude, an image of the three-dimensional object group having a height on the plane can be confirmed. In addition, since the side surface is always perpendicular to the viewpoint, the shape of the three-dimensional object can always be recognized without distorting the texture pattern. Therefore, a natural three-dimensional object group having a three-dimensional effect can be simulated.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a viewpoint position, 2 is a plane that represents a solid body displayed in a partition shape, 3 is a plane A, 4 is a tangent center point, and 5 is a repeating texture pattern of a solid body group. Plane A
Reference numeral 3 denotes a plane on which a group of three-dimensional objects exists, and a plane 2 having a height of the three-dimensional object and representing a three-dimensionally displayed three-dimensional object is arranged on the plane. Since the stereoscopic effect is not required so much at high altitude, the plane 2 representing the solid displayed in a partition shape is controlled to be arranged only on the plane closest to the viewpoint at the low altitude among the planes in which the solid object group exists. To do. The plane 2 is designed to rotate around the tangent center point 4 around the tangent and around the Z axis, and the length, size and shape of the plane are set so that the entire surface can be supported. Has been done. A texture pattern 5 obtained by viewing a part of the three-dimensional object group from the side (that is, the side surface) is repeatedly attached to the plane 2 representing this three-dimensional object. The texture mapping has a drawback that the pattern is distorted when viewed from a direction other than the vertical direction. Therefore, the rotation angle is controlled so that the plane 2 representing the solid body displayed in a partition shape is always perpendicular to the viewpoint 1. There is a need to. 2 and 3 show operation diagrams of the present invention. In both figures, 6 is the starting point a of the viewpoint movement, 7 is the ending point b of the viewpoint movement, 8
Is an angle α formed by the line of sight extending from the point a to the tangent center point and the X axis, 9 is an angle β formed by the line of sight extending from the point b to the center of the tangent side and the X axis, and 10 is displayed in a partition shape. , A rotation control angle θ of a plane representing a solid body, 11 is a starting point c of the viewpoint movement, 12 is an ending point d of the viewpoint movement, 13 is an angle γ between the line of sight extending from the point c to the tangent center point and the Y axis, Reference numeral 14 denotes an angle δ formed by the line of sight extending from the point d to the tangent center and the Y axis, 15 denotes a rotation control angle φ of a plane representing a solid body displayed in a partition shape, and FIG. 2 is displayed in a partition shape. Regarding the rotation around the Z axis of the plane representing the solid, the viewpoint moves from the point a6 to the point b7. In the figure, a rotation angle θ of a plane representing a solid body displayed in a partition is obtained by α-β = arccos (da / La) -arccos (db / Lb) = θ. FIG. 3 shows the rotation around the tangent of the plane 2 that represents a solid displayed in a partition shape, and the viewpoint is the point c.
Move from 11 to point d12. In the figure, the rotation angle φ is obtained by δ−γ = arccos (td / Ld) -arccos (tc / Lc) = φ. Image showing this calculation (1 frame)
The rotation angle is controlled so that it is always perpendicular to the viewpoint 1. Hereinafter, a case where the present invention is used in a flight simulator as an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 4, 16 is an aircraft that is ready to land, 17 is a runway, 18 is a plane that represents a solid that is displayed in a partition shape that represents a townscape, and 19 is a plane where the plane of the townscape exists (ground surface) , 20 is a plane representing a cube that is displayed as a screen representing a forest, 21 is a plane (forest plane) 22 is a plane that represents a cube that displays nearby trees as a screen, and 23 is a tree that is nearby It is a plane to do. The town plane 18 maps the town, the forest plane 20 maps the forest, and the neighboring trees plane 22 maps the texture patterns that represent each. From the aircraft 16 flying at low altitude to land on the runway 17, it is possible to see the surrounding cityscape and trees with a three-dimensional effect. Further, details of this operation will be described with reference to FIG. The figure shows the processing operation according to the altitude of the cityscape.
Is a texture pattern of the cityscape seen from the diagonal sky, 2
Reference numeral 5 shows a plane that represents the texture pattern of the townscape seen from the side in a partition shape. On the plane 19, a photograph of the cityscape seen obliquely from above is attached, and on the plane 18 representing a three-dimensional image displayed on a plane, a photograph of the townscape seen from the lateral direction is attached as a texture pattern. When looking at the city on the surface of the ground that exists ahead from the window of the aircraft descending from a high altitude, the plane in which the city exists appears as shown in the upper stage a of the figure. There are no three-dimensional objects in reality because I just attached a photo on the plane, but because of the structure of the human eye, I recognize the three-dimensional effect from the shape of what I see and the experience so far.
As a texture pattern, the one seen from diagonally above is attached. This plane has a sufficient stereoscopic effect when viewed from a high altitude. In addition, since most of the planes that can be seen from a high altitude can be observed from almost vertical directions, there is almost no pattern distortion. Therefore, the plane 18 representing the solid body displayed in the partition shape at this time is not processed. Next, looking at the city ahead from the window of the aircraft descending to the middle altitude, it looks as shown in the middle b of the figure. When the altitude is lowered, the plane is observed from a considerably acute angle, so that a pattern strain of expanding in the horizontal direction and contracting in the vertical direction starts to occur. This makes it impossible for the eyes to perceive the stereoscopic effect, and begins to feel as if it were just a flat surface. Here, the processing of the plane 18 representing a solid body displayed in a partition shape in which a photograph of a townscape viewed from the lateral direction is attached as a texture pattern is started. As a result, a part of a three-dimensional object emerges on the plane, and it can be recognized as a cityscape with a three-dimensional effect instead of just a plane. Looking at the city ahead from the window of the aircraft immediately before or after landing, it looks as shown in the lower row c of the figure. When descending to this point, the texture pattern mapped on the plane can no longer be seen, and only the plane 18 representing the three-dimensional screen-shaped solid arranged on the plane is observed, and the city is seen there. It can be recognized that there is a townscape.

[0007]

According to this method, it is sufficient to process a plane representing a solid body which is displayed in a partition shape only at the closest plane among the planes in which the solid object group exists at low altitude, and is displayed in a partition shape. Since it is only necessary to prepare texture patterns for the number of planes that represent a three-dimensional object or less, a natural three-dimensional object group with a three-dimensional effect without significantly increasing the data processing time and memory capacity. Can be simulated.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 viewpoint position 2 plane representing a solid body displayed in a partition 3 plane A 4 tangent center point 5 texture pattern for repeating 3D object group 6 start point of viewpoint movement 7 end point of viewpoint movement 8 contact from point a Angle formed by the line of sight extended to the side center point and the X axis 9 Angle formed by the line of sight extended from the point b to the tangent side center point and the X axis 10 Rotation control angle of a plane representing a solid body displayed in a partition 11 Viewpoint movement start point c 12 Viewpoint movement end point d 13 Angle between the line of sight extended from the point c to the tangent side center point and the Y axis 14 Angle between the line of sight extended from the point d to the tangent side center point and the Y axis 15 Rotation control angle of a plane representing a solid that is displayed in a screen 16 Landing aircraft 17 Runway 18 Plane (townscape) 19 Plane-shaped three-dimensional representation plane 20 Plane (forest) 21 Plane-shaped three-dimensional representation plane 22 Plane (near trees) ) 23 Partition-like three-dimensional representation Surface 24 texture pattern - down 25 texture pattern - down

Claims (1)

[Claims] When displaying a solid object group in a wide area with a simulated visual field generation device, it has side surface data representing a solid body displayed in a partition shape on a plane where the solid object group exists, and texture mapping is performed on the data. By controlling the rotation angles around the tangent to the plane and around the Z-axis so that the side data and the line of sight are always perpendicular depending on the altitude of the viewpoint and the distance to the object, a solid object group having a stereoscopic effect is obtained. Visual field generation device characterized by expressing