JPH0576413U - Forceps - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] It is intended to enable the free-opening and closing-type forceps to be commonly used with the grip-fixing type forceps with an extremely simple configuration. [Structure] A ratchet member 30 is connected to a bracket 27 connected to the fixed grip portion 21 via a rotary shaft 28, and a large number of teeth are formed on one side surface thereof at a predetermined pitch interval. Ratchet teeth 31 that engage with the engaging portion 22 a that extends at the tip of the rotating grip portion 22 are formed. The ratchet member 30 can rotate the ratchet teeth 31 about the rotation shaft 28 in a direction away from the engaging portion 22a of the rotating grip portion 22, and the ratchet member 30 can be pressed against the engaging portion 22a by a predetermined pressing force. The ratchet pushing spring 32 to be brought into contact with
There are two engagement positions, one for engaging the ratchet member 30 with the engagement portion 22a and one for the engagement release position separated from the engagement portion 22a.
It can be positioned and held in position. Therefore, by rotating the ratchet member 30, this forceps can be used as both a fixed grip type forceps and a free open / close type forceps.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to forceps for performing operations such as grasping, moving, and removing an organ in a body cavity.

[0002]

[Prior Art]

 The forceps is attached to the fixed gripping part and this fixed gripping part in order to open and close the claw part by remote control at the base end part of the transmission shaft provided with a claw part such as a gripping claw forming a forceps mechanism at the tip. A person who operates this forceps, such as a surgeon, who wears a claw operating means having a supported pivotal gripping portion, grips the claw operating means to rotate the pivotal gripping portion, and through the transmission shaft. The claw portion can be rotated by remote control. In addition, a spring is provided between the fixed gripping part and the rotating gripping part of the claw operating means, and the action of this spring keeps the claw part open so that the claw operating means is gripped and the spring is held. It is also known that the claws can be rotated against the biasing force of the.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 Here, the forceps include a free open / close type in which the claws constituting the forceps mechanism can be freely rotated in operation, and the claws are locked at a desired angle. There is a grip-fixing type that can do this. The grip-fixing type forceps is provided with a ratchet member on either the rotating grip portion side or the fixed grip portion side, for example, the rotating grip portion, and the ratchet teeth of this ratchet member are provided on the other side, for example, the fixed grip portion. It is configured to be engaged with the engaging portion. With this configuration, when the operator or the like grasps the nail operating means and rotates the rotating grip portion by a predetermined angle, the ratchet teeth are engaged with the fixed grip portion at the position. Therefore, even if the gripping force is released, the rotary grip portion is locked at that position and the claw portion can be fixed. Further, at this time, in order to stabilize the engagement state between the ratchet member and the fixed grip portion, a spring force is applied to the arm for attaching the ratchet member to the rotating grip portion, and the arm is attached to this arm. The action of the spring force presses the engaging portion of the fixed grip portion into pressure contact with each other to elastically engage the both. Therefore, in order to hold the ratchet member in the disengaged state with respect to the fixed grip portion, it is necessary to press the ratchet member in the direction against the biasing force of the arm by the fingers, and in the actual operation, this ratchet member is pressed. Grasping and fixing type forceps cannot be used as they are like open / close type forceps.

By the way, for example, when performing a surgical operation such as excision of the gallbladder using a laparoscope, the abdomen is perforated at a plurality of locations, and forceps are inserted into the perforations, and the laparoscope is used for monitoring. The necessary treatment is performed by opening and closing each of these forceps.At this time, the gallbladder is first peeled off from other organs such as the liver using free open / close type forceps, then , These organs are moved to hold the gallbladder in an exposed state, and this operation is performed using the gripping and fixing type forceps. In addition, the forceps used for actually performing the procedure are of the open / close type. That is, in order to treat the gallbladder, it is necessary to use two types of forceps, a free-opening type forceps and a grasping and fixing type forceps. However, in the forceps of the prior art, as described above, it is impossible to share the two types of forceps, so it is necessary to appropriately exchange the two types of forceps in the body according to the type of operation. It has to be inserted, and there are drawbacks such that the insertion and removal operations are extremely troublesome.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks and problems of the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a free-opening / closing type with an extremely simple structure. The purpose is to enable common use as forceps and fixed grip type forceps.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a ratchet member axially fixed to a member on one side of a rotating grip portion or a fixed grip portion which constitutes a claw operating means in forceps, and a mating member. The ratchet member of the ratchet member is engaged with the ratchet member, and the ratchet member elastically engages with the engaging portion to lock the turning grip portion at an arbitrary angular position. And a toggle mechanism provided with a spring for positioning the engaging grip and a disengagement position where the grip can be freely rotated by separating from the engaging part. It is characterized by that.

[0007]

[Action]

 By adopting such a configuration, if the ratchet member is held in the engagement position where it engages with the engagement portion of the fixed grip portion or the rotary grip portion, this forceps becomes a grip fixed type, and By rotating the ratchet member about the axial stop point and displacing the ratchet teeth to the disengagement position separated from the engaging portion, the ratchet member can be used as a free open / close type forceps. Thus, the ratchet member has a toggle mechanism provided with a spring for positioning the ratchet member at the engaging position and the disengaging position. Therefore, at the engaging position, the ratchet member is operated. The member comes into contact with the engaging portion with a predetermined pressing force, so that it is possible to prevent the rotational grip portion from being excessively displaced. Further, when the ratchet member is displaced to the disengagement position, the ratchet member is reliably stabilized in a state of being separated from the engaging portion.

[0008]

【Example】

 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 1 shows the overall structure of the forceps. In the figure, 1 is a claw part as a forceps mechanism part, 10 is a transmission shaft, and 20 is a claw operating means composed of a fixed grip part 21 and a rotary grip part 22, respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, the claw portion 1 has a fixed claw 3 that is continuous with a cylindrical portion 2 that is continuously provided at the tip of the transmission shaft 10, and a movable claw 4 that can be opened and closed with respect to the fixed claw 3. A mounting portion 5 is connected to the movable pawl 4, and the mounting portion 5 is axially fixed to a rotary shaft 7 in a slit 6 formed in the fixed pawl 3. On the other hand, the transmission shaft 10 includes a transmission rod 12 inside a mantle pipe 11 made of metal or the like so as to be reciprocally displaceable in the axial direction, and a pin 14 is provided at a tip connecting portion 13 of the transmission rod 12. The pin 14 is inserted into the mounting portion 5. Therefore, when the transmission rod 12 is pushed forward, the movable pawl 4 rotates about the pivot shaft 7 to join with the fixed pawl 3 to be in a closed state. When the transmission rod 12 is pulled back, the movable claw 4 is separated from the fixed claw 3 and is displaced to the open state.

As described above, the movable claw 4 is opened and closed by pushing and pulling the transmission shaft 12. In order to push and pull the transmission shaft 12, the base end connecting piece 15 is provided at the base end portion. ing. The base end connecting piece 15 is movable in the front-rear direction along a guide portion 21a formed on the fixed grip portion 21 of the claw operating means 20, and the base end connecting piece 15 is moved along the guide portion 21a. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 3, the base end connecting piece 15 is axially fixed to the tip end portion of the rotating grip portion 22 by a pin 23. Further, a position near the tip of the rotary grip portion 22 is connected to the fixed grip portion 21 via a rotary center shaft 24. Further, a return spring 25 composed of a pair of leaf springs 25a and 25b is provided between the fixed grip portion 21 and the rotary grip portion 22. The leaf springs 25a and 25b forming the return spring 25 are fixed to the rotary grip portion 22 and the fixed grip portion 21 by fulcrum pins 26a and 26b, respectively, and their tip ends are curved in a direction in which they approach each other. , The distal end portions are connected to each other, and the pressing force between the leaf springs 25a and 25b urges the rotary grip portion 22 to an expanded state apart from the fixed grip portion 21. The end connecting piece 15 is held at the rear position, and the movable claw 4 is held in the open state. Then, when the claw operating means 20 is gripped and a gripping force is applied, the rotary grip part 22 rotates in the direction in which the rotary grip part 22 approaches the fixed grip part 21 against the biasing force of the return spring 25. It is displaced, whereby the base end connecting piece 15 and the transmission rod 12 connected to the base end connecting piece 15 are moved forward, and the movable pawl 4 is displaced to the closed state in which the movable pawl 4 is joined to the fixed pawl 3. ..

Next, reference numeral 30 denotes a ratchet member, and this ratchet member 30 is made of a rectangular rod-like member, and one end of the ratchet member 30 is connected to a bracket 27 connected to the fixed grip 21 via a rotary shaft 28. The fingers can be rotated around the rotation shaft 28. Then, ratchet teeth 31 are formed on one side surface of the ratchet member 30 by engraving a large number of teeth at a predetermined pitch interval, and the ratchet teeth 31 extend to the tip of the rotating grip portion 22. The engaged portion 22a can be engaged. As a result, when the claw operating means 20 is gripped, the gripping force causes the rotary grip portion 22 to be swung and displaced around the rotary center shaft 24 in the direction toward the fixed grip portion 21, and during this period, The engaging portion 22a connected to the rotating grip portion 22 moves on the ratchet teeth 31, and the movable pawl 4 pivots about the pivot shaft 7 in the direction approaching the fixed pawl 3. When the gripping force is released, the engaging portion 22a is kept engaged with the tooth of the ratchet tooth 31 at the predetermined position, and the rotary grip portion 22 is locked at the angular position. The movable claw 4 is fixed in that angular state. The action of the ratchet teeth 31 of the ratchet member 30 and the engaging portion 22a of the rotating grip portion 22 allows the movable claw 4 to function as a grip-fixing forceps that fixes the movable claw 4 at an arbitrary angular position. it can. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, in order to stabilize the rotary grip portion 22 at an arbitrary angular position, the leaf spring 25a constituting the return spring 25 is extended to the opposite side of the pivot pin 26a and curved. The ratchet member 30 is pressed against the ratchet member 30 to exert an urging force, so that the ratchet member 30 is brought into contact with the engaging portion 22a with a predetermined pressing force to function as the ratchet pushing spring 32. ing.

Further, this forceps is not limited to the above-mentioned grasping and fixing type forceps, but when the grasping force on the rotating grasping portion 22 is released, the rotating grasping portion 22 is moved from the fixed grasping portion 21 by the action of the return spring 25. It can also be used as a free-opening-and-closing type forceps which is separated from the movable claw 4 and returns to the state where the movable claw 4 is expanded. For this reason, the ratchet member 30 can rotate in a direction away from the engaging portion 22a of the rotating grip portion 22 about the rotating shaft 28, as shown by the phantom line in FIG. It is like this. Moreover, in order to position and maintain the ratchet member 30 at two positions, that is, the engagement position where the ratchet member 30 engages with the engagement portion 22a and the engagement release position which is separated from the engagement portion 22a, the ratchet pushing spring 32 is provided. Is configured to function as a spring that constitutes a toggle mechanism. That is, as is clear from FIG. 4, the contact portion of the ratchet member 30 with the ratchet pushing spring 32 is an arcuate sliding contact surface 30a, and the ratchet member 30 is centered on the rotation shaft 28. When the ratchet teeth 31 are rotated, as shown by the solid line in the figure, the ratchet teeth 31 are engaged with the engaging portion 22a of the rotating grip portion 22 in the direction of arrow A, that is, the engaging portion 22a. When the ratchet pushing spring 32 is pushed in the direction of the arrow B when the ratchet pushing spring 32 is rotated by a predetermined angle from the state of being pressed against the ratchet, when the ratchet pushing spring 32 passes the dead point position where it is pushed most, this ratchet pushing spring 32 is pushed. The jet pressing spring 32 is displaced in the direction opposite to the arrow B, and as a result, the ratchet member 30 is biased in the direction opposite to the arrow A, that is, in the direction away from the engaging portion 22a. Installed on the ratchet member 30 Stopper wall 30b has is brought into contact with the bracket 27, and is fixed at a predetermined angular position.

With this configuration, by rotating and operating the ratchet member 30 with the operator's fingers, the forceps can be used both as a fixed grip type forceps and as a free open / close type forceps. it can. For example, when performing a cholecystectomy or the like, first, while holding the ratchet member 30 in the disengaged position, the fixed grip portion 21 and the rotary grip portion 22 of the claw operating means 20 are gripped, By rotating the movable claw 4 of the claw 1 around the rotary shaft 7 by applying a gripping force, the claw 1 can be opened / closed, and an organ can be grasped or released. .. In addition, a gripping force is applied to the rotating grip portion 22 in a state where the ratchet member 30 is displaced to the engaging position to rotate the movable pawl 4 by a predetermined angle, so that the movable pawl 4 and the fixed pawl 3 are separated from each other. When an organ is grasped by the claw, the claw portion 1 can be fixed in this grasped state, and the organ covered by the gallbladder can be moved to keep the gallbladder exposed. ..

In the above-described embodiment, the claw portion that constitutes the forceps mechanism is composed of the fixed claw and the movable claw, but, for example, as shown in FIG. It can also be used as a forceps or the like consisting only of the movable claw 4 '. Further, the transmission shaft is composed of a hard outer pipe and a hard transmission rod, but it is also possible to construct them with a soft member. Further, although the ratchet member is mounted on the fixed grip portion side, the ratchet member may be provided on the rotary grip portion side. However, in this case, the engaging portion must be provided on the fixed grip portion side.

[0014]

[Effect of the device]

 As described above, according to the present invention, the ratchet member having the ratchet teeth is axially fixed to the member on one side of the rotating grip portion or the fixed grip portion that constitutes the claw operating means, and the mating member has this ratchet member. An engaging portion that engages with the ratchet teeth is provided, and a toggle mechanism equipped with a spring is applied to this ratchet member to press it against the engaging portion, so that the rotating grip portion can be moved at an arbitrary angular position. Since it is configured such that it can be positioned at two positions, that is, an engaging position where it can be locked and an engaging release position where it can be separated from this engaging part, and the rotational gripping part can be freely rotated. It can be used as a free-opening-and-closing type forceps that can freely rotate the claw part only by rotating the ratchet member with, and as a grip-fixing type forceps that fixes the claw part at a predetermined angle position. You will be able to

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of forceps showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a forceps mechanism section.

FIG. 3 is a structural explanatory view of a claw operating means.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the action of a ratchet pushing spring.

FIG. 5 is an external view showing another example of the forceps mechanism portion.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Claw part 3 Fixed claw 4, 4'movable claw 10 Transmission shaft 20 Claw operating means 21 Fixed gripping part 22 Rotating gripping part 25 Return spring 30 Ratchet member 31 Ratchet tooth 32 Ratchet pushing spring

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A fixed gripping part at a base end part of a transmission shaft provided with a claw part forming a forceps mechanism at a distal end, and a rotary grippable rotatable in directions approaching and separating from the fixed gripping part. In a forceps that is provided with a claw operating means that is configured to actuate the claw part by rotating the rotary grip part, a member on one side of the rotary grip part or the fixed grip part is provided. The ratchet member that is axially locked, the engaging portion that is provided on the mating member and that engages with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet member, and the ratchet member that elastically engages with the engaging portion, Positioning is performed at two positions, an engagement position that locks the dynamic grip portion at an arbitrary angle position, and an engagement release position where the rotary grip portion can be freely rotated by separating from the engagement portion. It is characterized by comprising a toggle mechanism equipped with a spring. Forceps.