JPH0541603A - Primary radiator in common use with circularly polarized wave and linearly polarized wave - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize the primary radiator in common use with a circularly polarized wave and a linearly polarized wave able to receive both radio waves from a satellite employing the circularly polarized wave and the linearly polarized wave. CONSTITUTION:When a circularly polarized wave is received by providing a 1st phase circuit (metal lumps 3, 4) and a 2nd rotary phase circuit (dielectric plate 7) and an output means (square waveguides 9, 10) with respect to an orthogonal component of an electromagnetic wave in the TE11 mode in this order from an opening 1 using one end of a circular waveguide 2 toward a termination face 5 being the other end of the waveguide 2, the 1st phase circuit (3, 4) converts the wave into a linearly polarized wave, the dielectric plate 7 is directed in a way that the phase between two polarized wave components of the linearly polarized wave is unchanged, the one output means outputs a signal, and when a linearly polarized wave is received, the phase difference generated in the 1st phase circuit (3, 4) with respect to the two polarized wave components of the linearly polarized wave is brought into in-phase by turning the dielectric plate 7, one of the vertical polarized waves is outputted from the other output means and the dielectric plate 7 is turned so that the phase difference is nearly 180 deg. and the other signal of the linearly polarized wave is outputted from the other output means.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is a circularly polarized wave capable of receiving both satellite broadcasting (BS) using circularly polarized wave and communication satellite (CS) using linearly polarized wave. And a linear radiator for both linearly polarized waves.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional BS and CS shared antenna is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3 (A), the primary radiator 23 for BS and the primary radiator 24 for CS are attached to the same reflector 25 side by side, and the reflector 25 is defocused to make the reflector 2
The primary radiator 23 for BS is positioned at the focal point of one end of the reflector 5, and the primary radiator 24 for CS is positioned at the focal point of the other end of the reflector 25 so that the orientation of the reflector 25 of each satellite is adjusted. It was oriented so that it could receive BS radio waves and CS radio waves.

[0003]

Therefore, there is a problem in that the gain obtained by each primary radiator is lowered because the reflectors are defocused, and two primary radiators are attached to the same reflector. Therefore, there is a problem that the structure becomes complicated. The present invention provides a primary radiator that can be used for both BS and CS. As shown in FIG. 13B, the primary radiator 27 is arranged at the focal point of the reflector 26, and when the BS is received, the reflector 26 is a broadcasting satellite. Reflector 2 when facing the direction and receiving CS
To provide an economical receiving system having a simple structure and a low price by directing 6 toward the communication satellite so that the BS and CS waves can be received by the same primary radiator 27. With the goal.

[0004]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for both circular polarization and linear polarization, showing an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. Is an opening 1 through which an electromagnetic wave can be introduced, and a circular waveguide 2 having a terminating surface 5 at the other end is fixed inside the circular waveguide 2 in order from the opening 1 side toward the terminating surface 5. 1st phase circuit (metal masses 3 and 4 in FIG. 1) and a rotary 2nd phase circuit (dielectric plate 7 in FIG. 1) are provided, and the 2nd phase circuit and the termination are provided. Two output means (in FIG. 1, a rectangular waveguide 9 and a rectangular waveguide in FIG. 1) for coupling to the vertical and horizontal components of the TE11 mode of the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the circular waveguide 2 between the surfaces 5. When a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is introduced by providing a wave tube 10), the first phase circuit converts it into a linearly polarized wave. Then, the second phase circuit is rotated so that the phase between two orthogonal polarization components of the linearly polarized wave does not change, a signal is taken out from one of the output means, and the linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is introduced. In the case of either the horizontal polarization or the vertical polarization, the phase difference generated by the first phase circuit between the two orthogonal polarization components of the same linear polarization is A signal is taken out from the other of the output means in a direction in which the two-phase circuit is rotated to have the same phase, and the phase difference with respect to the other of the linearly polarized waves is the first phase circuit and the second phase circuit. The second phase circuit is rotated so as to be about 180 degrees in order to extract a signal from the other of the output means.

[0005]

According to the present invention, with the above-mentioned configuration, the broadcasting satellite (BS) using circular polarization and the radio waves of the communication satellite (CS) using linear polarization are circularly polarized and linearly polarized. The shared primary radiator is used to receive and receive. FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a circularly-polarized and linearly-polarized primary radiator showing an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the axis extending upward from the tube axis is the Y-axis, and the tube The axis extending leftward from the axis is the X axis, and the axes extending in opposite directions are -Y axis and -X.
A shaft (not shown) (hereinafter the same in FIGS. 2 to 12). Broadcast satellites and communication satellites have different geostationary orbits, so the antennas are directed to the respective satellites at the time of reception, so that circularly polarized waves and linearly polarized waves enter the primary radiators for both circularly polarized waves and linearly polarized waves at the same time. It never comes.

Therefore, first, the operation at the time of CS reception will be described below. As the phase shifter, as shown in FIG.
A phase circuit (in FIG. 1, metal masses 3 and 4) and a second
Phase circuits (dielectric plate 7 in FIG. 1) are provided in order from the opening 1 side inside the circular waveguide 2 toward the termination surface 5. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the electric field distribution of the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization introduced into the circular waveguide 2, and the communication satellite uses the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization for communication. It is assumed that the horizontal polarization Eh from the satellite is introduced in a direction that bisects the X axis and the Y axis, and the vertical polarization Ev is introduced in a direction that bisects the -X axis and the Y axis.

First, a method of outputting signals to the horizontally polarized wave Eh and the vertically polarized wave Ev introduced into the circular waveguide 2 will be described. 5A to 5D are exploded views of the electric field vectors of the horizontal polarization Eh and the vertical polarization Ev at the input / output ends of the phase shifter, and FIG. 5A is the input of the phase shifter of the horizontal polarization Eh. Electric field vector decomposition diagram at the end, (B) is an electric field vector decomposition diagram at the input end of the phaser for vertical polarization Ev, and (C) is a horizontal polarization
An electric field vector decomposition diagram at the output end of the phaser in which the phase of the Y-axis component of the electric field vector of Eh is delayed by 180 degrees,
(D) is an electric field vector decomposition diagram at the output end of the phaser in which the phase of the Y-axis component of the electric field vector of the vertically polarized wave Ev is delayed by 180 degrees.

An exploded view of the electric field vector of the horizontally polarized wave Eh at the input end of the phase shifter is, as shown in FIG. It can be decomposed into an electromagnetic wave having a vector component Ehx in the X-axis direction and a vector component Ehy in the Y-axis direction, and an exploded view of the electric field vector of the vertically polarized wave Ev is
As shown in the figure (B), when the electric field vector of the introduced vertically polarized wave is Ev, it can be decomposed into an electromagnetic wave having a vector component Evx in the −X axis direction and a vector component Evy in the Y axis direction. it can. Horizontally polarized wave Eh shown in FIG.
Using a phase shifter for vertically polarized Ev shown in (B),
When the phase of the Y-axis component of the electric field vector is delayed by 180 degrees, the electric field vector of the horizontal polarization Eh has a vector component Ehx in the X-axis direction and a −Y-axis direction as shown in FIG. Can be an electromagnetic wave having a vector component −Ehy,
The electric field vector of the vertically polarized wave Ev is X as shown in FIG.
An electromagnetic wave having a vector component Evx in the axial direction and a vector component -Evy in the -Y axis direction can be obtained.

As a means for outputting an electromagnetic wave passing through the phase shifter, a rectangular waveguide 9 and a rectangular waveguide 10 are joined to the side surface of the circular waveguide 2 on the side of the terminal surface 5 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, in the rectangular waveguide 9, the center line (not shown) of the rectangular waveguide 9 in the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2 viewed from the opening of the circular waveguide 2 is the Y-axis. And the −X axis are arranged so as to bisect each other, and the rectangular waveguide 10 has a center line (in the axial direction of the circular waveguide 2 of the rectangular waveguide 10 as seen from the opening of the circular waveguide 2 ( (Not shown) is arranged so as to bisect the Y axis and the X axis, the horizontal polarization Eh shown in the figure (A) is kept in phase by the phase shifter (zero phase difference), (B). Vertical polarization shown in the figure
Ev delays the phase of the Y-axis component by 180 degrees with a phase shifter,
By making the electric field distribution as shown in FIG. 6D, the horizontally polarized wave Eh or the vertically polarized wave Ev can be taken out by the rectangular waveguide 9, and the vertically polarized wave Ev shown in FIG. , The phase shifter does not change the phase (zero phase difference), and the horizontal polarization Eh shown in FIG.
The signal of horizontal polarization Eh or vertical polarization Ev can be taken out by the rectangular waveguide 10 by delaying the electric field distribution so that the electric field distribution shown in FIG.

Next, the operation of the phase shifter composed of the first phase circuit and the second phase circuit will be described. FIG. 6 (A)-
(D) is explanatory drawing about the effect | action of the phase shifter with respect to linear polarization, (A) and (B) figure has shown arrangement | positioning of the metal block used for a 1st phase circuit, (A) figure Arranges metal blocks 3 and 4 in the vertical direction of the circular waveguide 2,
(B) The figure shows metal blocks 11 and 1 in the left-right direction of the circular waveguide 2.
2 is arranged. Figures (C) and (D) show
It shows a position in which the dielectric plate 7 which is rotatable around the tube axis of the circular waveguide 2 used for the second phase circuit is rotated, and (C) is a vertical direction, and (D) is shown. Is oriented horizontally.

When electromagnetic waves of horizontal polarization Eh and vertical polarization Ev shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B are introduced into this phase circuit, vector components in the X-axis direction and vectors in the Y-axis direction are introduced. In the case of (A), the phase velocity of Ehx is faster than that of Ehy.
The phase velocity of Evx is faster than that of Evx. In the case of (B), Ehy has a higher phase velocity than Ehx,
Has a faster phase velocity than Evx. In the case of (C), the phase velocity of Ehx is faster than that of Ehy,
The phase velocity of Evx is faster than that of Evx. In the case of (D), Ehy has a faster phase velocity than Ehx, and Evy
Has a faster phase velocity than Evx.

Therefore, if the shape and length of the metal lump are selected and Ehy is set to be delayed by 90 degrees with respect to Ehx in the case of FIG. (A), Evy is also delayed by 90 degrees with respect to Evx. .. In the case of the diagram (B), if Ehy is set to advance 90 degrees with respect to Ehx, Evy also advances 90 degrees with respect to Evx. If the shape and length of the dielectric plate 7 are selected and Ehy is set to be delayed by 90 degrees with respect to Ehx in the case of (C), Evy is also delayed by 90 degrees with respect to Evx. In the case of the diagram (D), if Ehy is set to advance 90 degrees with respect to Ehx, Evy also advances 90 degrees with respect to Evx. 1A to 1D, in the rectangular waveguide 9, the center line of the tube axis of the rectangular waveguide 9 as viewed from the opening 1 side of the circular waveguide 2 has a -X axis and a Y axis of 2 Circular waveguide 2
In the rectangular waveguide 10, the center line of the tube axis of the rectangular waveguide 10 viewed from the opening 1 side of the circular waveguide 2 is −
Signals output to the rectangular waveguide 9 and the rectangular waveguide 10 are as follows, which are joined to the circular waveguide 2 such that the X axis and the Y axis are bisected.

In the case where the first phase circuit is in the state of (A) and the second phase circuit is in the state of (C),

In the case where the first phase circuit is in the state of (A) and the second phase circuit is in the state of (D),

In the case where the first phase circuit is in the state of (B) and the second phase circuit is in the state of (C),

In the case where the first phase circuit is in the state of (B) and the second phase circuit is in the state of (D), Therefore, although there are two ways of disposing the metal block of the first phase circuit, as shown in FIGS. (A) and (B), regarding the reception of CS, the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization are generated by the rotation of the dielectric plate 7. It is possible to switch and output from the rectangular waveguide 9 or the rectangular waveguide 10.

Next, the operation at the time of BS reception will be described below. 7 (A) to 7 (E) are explanatory views of the action of the phase shifter on the circularly polarized waves, and the circularly polarized waves can be regarded as a combination of two orthogonal linearly polarized waves. The circularly polarized waves are circular when the amplitudes of the linearly polarized waves are equal and the phases thereof are deviated by 90 degrees. The circle shown in (A) shows the locus of the electric field vector of the circularly polarized wave, and the circularly polarized wave having the electric field vector E in the direction that bisects the X axis and the Y axis is a circular waveguide 2.
, The circularly polarized wave can be represented as an electromagnetic wave having a linearly polarized wave component Ex in the X-axis direction and a linearly polarized wave component Ey in the Y-axis direction. When the linearly polarized wave component Ex lags behind the linearly polarized wave component Ey in phase, the electric field vector E of the circularly polarized wave rotates in the direction of the arrow b to become a left-handed circularly polarized wave, and the linearly polarized wave component Ey becomes a straight line. When the phase lags the polarization component Ex, the circularly polarized electric field vector E rotates in the direction of the arrow a and becomes right circularly polarized wave.

FIGS. 3B and 3C show the arrangement of metal masses used in the first phase circuit, and FIG. 2B shows the metal masses 3 and 4 arranged in the vertical direction of the circular waveguide 2. And
(C) The figure shows metal blocks 11 and 1 in the left-right direction of the circular waveguide 2.
2 is arranged. Figures (D) and (E) show
It shows a position in which the dielectric plate 7 that is rotatable around the tube axis of the circular waveguide 2 used for the second phase circuit is rotated, and FIG. The center line of the direction is in a direction that bisects the X axis and the Y axis, and in (E), the center line in the longitudinal direction of the end surface of the dielectric plate 7 is in a direction that bisects the -X axis and the Y axis. Since neither of the two orthogonally polarized linearly polarized components of the circularly polarized wave is in the propagation state parallel to the dielectric plate 7, the phase change due to the dielectric plate 7 does not occur.
Therefore, it suffices to consider only the operation of the first phase circuit.

In the case where the first phase circuit is in the state of (B) and the second phase circuit is in the state of (D) or (E),

When the first phase circuit is in the state of (C) and the second phase circuit is in the state of (D) or (E),

Therefore, depending on whether the signal output from the rectangular waveguide 9 or the rectangular waveguide 10 is a left-handed circularly polarized wave converted signal or a right-handed circularly polarized wave converted signal, the first phase circuit is A signal obtained by converting the circularly polarized wave into the linearly polarized wave by the first phase circuit by selectively using the one shown in (B) or the one shown in (C), and converting it from the rectangular waveguide into the linearly polarized wave. Can be output. When the CS converter is connected to the rectangular waveguide 9 and the BS converter is connected to the rectangular waveguide 10, when the right-hand circularly polarized wave of BS is received, from Table 5, the first phase circuit is shown in FIG. 7) is used to rotate the second phase circuit to the state of FIG. 7 (D) or (E) and to receive the linearly polarized wave of CS, from Table 1 and Table 2, the second phase circuit Vertically polarized waves can be received by rotating the second phase circuit to the state shown in FIG. 6C, and horizontally polarized wave by rotating the second phase circuit to the state shown in FIG. 6D. Can be received.

Alternatively, in the case of receiving the left-handed circularly polarized wave of the BS in the above example, from Table 6, the first phase circuit shown in FIG. 7 (C) is used, and the second phase circuit is rotated to obtain the state shown in FIG. ) Or (E), when receiving the linearly polarized wave of CS, from Table 3 and Table 4, the second phase circuit is rotated to
Horizontal polarization can be received in the state of (C), and the second phase circuit is rotated to obtain the state of FIG.
Vertical polarization can be received in this state. Therefore, it is possible to receive and receive satellite broadcast radio waves using circular polarization and communication satellite radio waves using linear polarization by the same primary radiator.

[0023]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for circular polarization and linear polarization, showing an embodiment of the present invention. The circular waveguide 2 has an opening 1 that can be efficiently introduced into the circular waveguide 2.
The other end of which is used as a terminating surface 5 for reflecting the introduced electromagnetic wave, and a fixed first phase circuit and a rotating first phase circuit are sequentially provided inside the circular waveguide 2 from the opening 1 side toward the terminating surface 5. A two-phase circuit is provided. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a 90-degree phaser composed of metal lumps 3 and 4 is used as the first phase circuit, and the opposing arcs of the upper and lower circular surfaces inside the circular waveguide 2 are flat. The metal lumps 3 and 4 are attached so that the length of the metal lumps 3 and 4 along the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2 becomes T of the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the circular waveguide 2.
The phase difference between two orthogonal polarization components of E11 mode is 9
The length is set to 0 degrees. The metal blocks 3 and 4 are
Only one of them may be used, but in this case, since it is a 90-degree phase shifter, the circular waveguide 2 of a metal block is used.
It is necessary to increase the length along the tube axis direction of.

The surfaces of the metal ingots 3 and 4 are substantially flat, but the TE 11 of the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the circular waveguide 2 is formed.
In order to generate a phase difference between two polarization components orthogonal to each other, it is sufficient to provide an inner diameter difference between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. Instead of making the surfaces of the metal ingots 3 and 4 flat. To
The surface may be raised so that the shape of the circular waveguide 2 seen from the opening 1 may be an arc shape, and the shape can be selected depending on the ease of processing. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a 90-degree phaser composed of a dielectric plate 7 is used as the second phase circuit, and the dielectric plate 7 can be rotated about the tube axis of the circular waveguide 2. The length of the dielectric plate 7 in the longitudinal direction along the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2 is set between two orthogonal polarization components of the TE11 mode of the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the circular waveguide 2. The phase difference is set to 90 degrees.

As a rotating mechanism of the dielectric plate 7, a driving unit 6 is provided outside the end surface 5 of the circular waveguide 2, and a motor or the like is used as the driving unit 6, and it is interlocked with the rotation of the motor. A rotating shaft 8 for rotating is provided at the center of the dielectric plate 7 in the short side direction so that the dielectric plate 7 can rotate about the tube axis of the circular waveguide 2. The shape of the end surface of the dielectric plate 7 in the short side direction is substantially V-shaped, but other shapes may be used as long as they can be matched as a phase circuit. Further, instead of using the drive unit 6, the dielectric plate 7 may be manually rotated. As a means for outputting the electromagnetic wave introduced into the circular waveguide 2, the second
A rectangular waveguide 9 and a rectangular waveguide 10 are joined to the side surface of the circular waveguide 2 between the phase circuit and the termination surface 5, and FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1 and is shown in FIG. Thus, the center lines (not shown) of the metal lumps 3 and 4 directed from the opening 1 of the circular waveguide 2 toward the tube axis direction and the rectangular waveguide 9 toward the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2. The center line (not shown) makes an angle of about 45 degrees, and the rectangular waveguide 9 is arranged in a direction that bisects the -X axis and the Y axis. The rectangular waveguide 10 is a rectangular waveguide. The center line (not shown) of the circular waveguide 2 of the circular waveguide 10 has a direction that bisects the X axis and the Y axis. It is placed at a right angle to the center line toward.

FIG. 3A is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for both circular polarization and linear polarization showing another embodiment of the present invention, which is different from the embodiment shown in FIG. , A 90-degree phaser composed of metal lumps 10 and 11 is used as the first phase circuit, and the arcs on the left and right sides of the circular surface inside the circular waveguide are arranged to be flat. The metal lumps 10 and 11 are attached, and the configuration of the other portions is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. 3 (B) is a front view of FIG. 3 (A), and a center line (not shown) of the metal ingots 10 and 11 as seen from the opening 1 of the circular waveguide 2 in the tube axis direction, and a square shape. The center line (not shown) of the waveguide 9 and the rectangular waveguide 10 in the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2 is about 4
The rectangular waveguides 9 and 10 are arranged so as to form an angle of 5 degrees, and the center lines of the circular waveguides 2 of the rectangular waveguide 9 and the rectangular waveguide 2 in the tube axis direction are perpendicular to each other.

FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a circularly-polarized and linearly-polarized primary radiator showing another embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a circle. The rectangular waveguides 9 and 14 used as signal output means of electromagnetic waves introduced into the waveguide 2 are located between the dielectric plate 7 and the terminal surface 5 along the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2. Circular waveguide 2
It is arranged side by side on the same side, and the configuration of the other parts is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. FIG. 9 (A) is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 8, (B) is a front view of (A), and the rectangular waveguide 9 is circular as in the embodiment shown in FIG. When the center line of the rectangular waveguide 9 as viewed from the opening 1 of the waveguide 2 toward the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2 is oriented such that the −X axis and the Y axis are bisected, the coupling slit 16 is formed. It is joined to the circular waveguide 2 via. The rectangular waveguide 9 can output a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave having an electric field parallel to the opening surface of the coupling slit 16 and parallel to the direction that bisects the X axis and the Y axis.

The rectangular waveguide 14 is electrically connected to the circular waveguide 2 through the excitation probe 13, and the probe 1
One end of 3 is inserted into the inside of the circular waveguide 2 so that the −X axis and the Y axis are bisected, and the probe 13 generates an electric field parallel to the direction that bisects the −X axis and the Y axis. The linearly polarized wave which it has is converted into an electric signal, the same electric signal is transmitted to the other end of the probe 13, and the other end of the same probe 13 is inserted into the inside of the rectangular waveguide 14 and is formed in a substantially L shape. , Electromagnetic waves are excited at the portion formed in the substantially L shape. The rectangular waveguide 9 is connected to the circular waveguide 2 via the coupling slit 16, and the rectangular waveguide 14 is connected to the circular waveguide 2 via the probe 13 to form a rectangular waveguide. 9 and the rectangular waveguide 14 can be joined to the circular waveguide 2 from the same direction,
Therefore, it is easy to process, and since the rectangular waveguide is pulled out in the same direction when attached to the reflector,
Easy to handle. The mounting position of the probe 13 is such that the distance from the terminating surface 5 along the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2 is approximately ¼ of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave coupled to the probe 13,
Similarly, the depth of insertion into the rectangular waveguide 14 is set to be about 1/4 of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave excited by the probe 13,
The depth to be inserted into the other circular waveguide 2 or the length of the portion bent into the L-shape is adjusted so that electromagnetic waves can be efficiently excited inside the rectangular waveguide 14.

For example, the electromagnetic wave introduced into the rectangular waveguide 9 is prevented from being in a mismatched state due to the influence of the reflected wave from the terminal surface 5 of the circular waveguide 2 or the probe 13,
In order to efficiently introduce an electromagnetic wave into the rectangular waveguide 9, a substantially rectangular metal plate 15 is used, and the mounting position viewed from the side surface of the circular waveguide 2 is changed to the coupling slit 16 of the rectangular waveguide 9 and the circular waveguide. Between the end faces 5 of the wave tube 2, the mounting position viewed from the opening of the circular waveguide 2 is such that the X axis and the Y axis are bisected, and both ends of the substantially rectangular metal plate 15 in the longitudinal direction are circular waveguides. The metal plate 15 may be sandwiched by the inner wall of the tube 2, and the substantially central portion of the metal plate 15 in the longitudinal direction may be curved in a semicircular shape, and the rotary shaft 8 may be passed through the curved line so that the rotary shaft 8 can freely rotate.

FIG. 10 (A) is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for both circular polarization and linear polarization, showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 (B) is a front view of the same. It is a figure. Figure 1
Further, instead of the rectangular waveguide 9 and the rectangular waveguide 10 shown in FIG. 2, the excitation probes 17 and 18 are used as signal extracting means. The probes 17 and 18 are similar to those in the case where the rectangular waveguide 9 and the rectangular waveguide 10 are used.
It is attached to the side surface of the circular waveguide 2 between the phase circuit and the termination surface 5, and as shown in FIG. 10B, the tube axes of the metal lumps 3 and 4 seen from the opening 1 of the circular waveguide 2. Center line (not shown) directed to each direction, and each center line (not shown) directed to the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2 of the probes 17 and 18.
Are attached to the circular waveguide 2 so that and form an angle of about 45 degrees.

The center line of the probe 17 in the direction of the tube axis of the circular waveguide 2 is oriented so as to divide the −X axis and the Y axis into two, and the electric field parallel to the direction dividing the −X axis and the Y axis into two. Can be converted into an electric signal and output. The center line of the probe 18 in the direction of the tube axis of the circular waveguide 2 has a direction that bisects the X axis and the Y axis. A linearly polarized wave having an electric field parallel to the direction that bisects the axis and the Y axis can be converted into an electric signal and output, and as in the case of using the rectangular waveguide 9 and the rectangular waveguide 10, A signal can be taken out from the electromagnetic wave introduced into the circular waveguide 2.

FIG. 11A is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for both circular polarization and linear polarization, showing another embodiment of the present invention, which is used as a phase circuit in FIG. Instead of the metal blocks 3 and 4, another phase circuit is used. In FIG. (A), substantially rectangular metal plates 19 and 20 are used, and the inner surface of the circular waveguide 2 is used. Of the metal plates 19 and 20 so that the shorter sides of the metal plates 19 and 20 are oriented toward the tube axis of the circular waveguide 2, and the metal plates along the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2 are attached. 19
The lengths of 20 and 20 in the longitudinal direction are set so that the phase difference between two orthogonal polarization components of the TE11 mode of the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the circular waveguide 2 can be 90 degrees. FIG. 11 (B) is a front view of FIG. 11 (A), which shows center lines (not shown) of the metal plates 19 and 20 as viewed from the opening 1 of the circular waveguide 2 in the tube axis direction and a rectangular guide. The wave guide 9 and the rectangular wave guide 10 are arranged so that the center line (not shown) of the circular wave guide 2 toward the tube axis direction forms an angle of about 45 degrees,
The rectangular waveguides 9 and 10 are arranged such that the center lines of the circular waveguides 2 of the circular waveguides 2 in the tube axis direction are at right angles. The shape of the end faces of the metal plates 19 and 20 in the short side direction is a shape in which a step is provided in the middle, but any other shape may be used as long as matching can be achieved as a phase shifter. Further, although only one of the metal plates 19 and 20 may be used, in this case, the phase difference is 90%.
In order to adjust the degree, it is necessary to increase the length of the metal plate in the long side direction.

FIG. 12A is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for both circular polarization and linear polarization, showing another embodiment of the present invention, which is used as a phase circuit in FIG. Instead of the metal blocks 3 and 4, another phase circuit is used. In FIG. (A), a plurality of metal screws 21 and 22 are used, and the inner surface of the circular waveguide 2 is used. Are mounted side by side along the tube axis direction at the centers of the arcs of the upper and lower parts of the circular waveguide 2 facing each other so that the tips of the metal screws face the tube axis of the circular waveguide 2. The lengths arranged side by side along the direction are set so that the phase difference between two orthogonal polarization components of the TE11 mode of the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the circular waveguide 2 can be 90 degrees.

FIG. 12B is a front view of FIG.
The center line (not shown) of the metal screw in the direction of the tube axis as viewed from the opening 1 of the circular waveguide 2 and the tube axes of the rectangular waveguide 2 of the rectangular waveguide 9 and the rectangular waveguide 10. The center of the circular waveguide 2 of each of the rectangular waveguide 9 and the rectangular waveguide 10 is arranged so as to form an angle of about 45 degrees with a center line (not shown) directed in the direction. The lines are arranged so that they are at right angles. Although the rows of the metal screws are the two rows of the upper portion and the lower portion of the inner surface of the circular waveguide 2, it is possible to use only one of the rows, but in this case, the phase difference is 90 degrees. The length of the row of metal screws must be increased in order to adjust the degree. Even if the phase circuits shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 are used, the same effect as that of the metal ingots 3 and 4 used in FIG. 1 can be obtained. In addition, 30 and 31 in FIGS. 1, 8, and 10 to 12, 30 and 32 in FIG. 3A, and 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37 in FIG. 9 represent cutout lines.

[0035]

As described above, according to the present invention, B
The primary radiators for both circular polarization and linear polarization that are shared for S and CS are used, and the same primary radiator is placed at the focal point of the reflector, and the direction of the reflector is the direction of the broadcasting satellite when receiving BS. In the case of CS reception, BS and CS can be received in the direction of the communication satellite. As in the conventional case, the BS primary radiator and the CS primary radiator are mounted side by side on the same reflector, and the focus of the reflector is adjusted. Shift
The BS primary radiator is arranged at the focal point of one end of the reflector, the CS primary radiator is arranged at the focal point of the other end of the reflector, and the orientation of the reflector is set to the direction of each satellite.
It is possible to provide an economical receiving system having a simple structure and a low price, as compared with a device that receives BS radio waves and CS radio waves.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a circularly-polarized and linearly-polarized primary radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG.

FIG. 3 (A) is a partially cutaway perspective view of a circularly-polarized and linearly-polarized primary radiator showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 (B) is a front view. ..

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing electric field distributions of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization introduced into the circular waveguide 2.

5A to 5D are exploded views of electric field vectors of a horizontal polarization Eh and a vertical polarization Ev at an input / output end of a phase shifter.

6A to 6D are explanatory views of the action of the phase shifter for linearly polarized waves.

FIGS. 7A to 7E are explanatory views of the action of the phase shifter on circularly polarized waves.

FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for both circular polarization and linear polarization, showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 (A) is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 8 (B).
The figure is a front view of (A).

10A is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for both circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light, showing another embodiment of the present invention, which uses the rectangular waveguide of FIG. 1. FIG. This is an example in which an excitation probe is used instead, and (B) is a front view of (A).

11 (A) is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for both circular polarization and linear polarization, showing another embodiment of the present invention. Instead of using the metal block of FIG. This is an example in which a metal plate is used, and (B) is a front view of (A).

12 (A) is a partially cutaway perspective view of a primary radiator for both circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light, showing another embodiment of the present invention. Instead of using the metal block of FIG. 1, FIG. This is an example in which a metal screw is used, and (B) is a front view of (A).

13A and 13B are explanatory views showing an arrangement of a reflector and a primary radiator, FIG. 13A shows a conventional example, and FIG. 13B shows an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Opening 2 Circular Waveguide 3 Metal Lump 4 Metal Lump 5 End Surface 6 Driving Part 7 Dielectric Plate 8 Rotation Axis 9 Square Waveguide 10 Square Waveguide 11 Metal Lump 12 Metal Lump 13 Probe 14 Square Waveguide 15 Metal Plate 16 Slit 17 Probe 18 Probe 19 Metal Plate 20 Metal Plate 21 Metal Screw 22 Metal Screw 23 Primary Radiator 24 Primary Radiator 25 Reflector 26 Reflector 27 Primary Radiator 30 Notch Line 31 Notch Line 32 Notch Line 33 Notch line 34 Notch line 35 Notch line 36 Notch line 37 Notch line

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An opening at one end of which electromagnetic waves can be introduced,
In a circular waveguide having a terminating surface at the other end, a fixed first phase circuit and a rotating second phase circuit are sequentially arranged inside the circular waveguide from the opening side toward the terminating surface. Is provided between the second phase circuit and the terminal surface, and two output means for respectively coupling the vertical and horizontal components of the TE11 mode of the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the circular waveguide are provided,
When a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is introduced, the first phase circuit converts the electromagnetic wave into a linearly polarized wave, and the second phase circuit is rotated to cause a phase difference between two orthogonal polarization components of the linearly polarized wave. When a signal is taken out from one of the output means and a linearly polarized wave is introduced as a direction that does not change, for either one of the horizontal and vertical polarized waves, two orthogonal polarized waves of the same linearly polarized wave are used. The phase difference generated in the first phase circuit between the wave components is set as the direction in which the second phase circuit is rotated to be in phase, and a signal is taken out from the other of the output means to the other of the linearly polarized waves. On the other hand, the second phase circuit is rotated so that the phase difference is about 180 degrees between the first phase circuit and the second phase circuit, and a signal is taken out from the other of the output means. Primary radiator for both circularly polarized and linearly polarized waves. 2. Two rectangular waveguides, wherein the two output means are provided on the side surface of the circular waveguide, or an excitation probe,
Alternatively, the primary radiator for both circularly polarized waves and linearly polarized waves according to claim 1, wherein the primary radiator is a combination of both. 3. The first phase circuit comprises a 90-degree phaser made of a metal block, and the metal block is attached such that at least one circular arc of a circular surface inside the circular waveguide is a flat surface. The length of the metal mass along the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide is set to TE of the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the circular waveguide.
The phase difference between two orthogonal polarization components of 11 modes is 90
The center line of the metal block in the direction of the tube axis of the circular waveguide as viewed from the opening of the circular waveguide, and the direction of the center of the output means in the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide. The primary radiator for dual use of circular polarization and linear polarization according to claim 1, wherein the primary radiator is arranged so as to form an angle of about 45 degrees with the center line. 4. The first phase circuit comprises a 90-degree phaser composed of at least one substantially rectangular metal plate, and a circular waveguide is formed on an inner wall of the circular waveguide in a direction of a short side of the metal plate. Two polarized waves of TE11 mode of electromagnetic waves propagating inside the circular waveguide are orthogonal to each other, and the length of the metal plate along the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide is attached so as to face the tube axis. The phase difference between the components is set to 90 degrees, the center line of the circular waveguide of the metal plate in the axial direction of the circular waveguide seen from the opening of the circular waveguide, and the circular waveguide of the output means. The primary radiator for dual circular polarization and linear polarization according to claim 1, wherein the primary radiator is arranged so that the center line of the tube extending in the axial direction of the tube forms an angle of about 45 degrees. 5. The first phase circuit comprises a 90-degree phaser composed of a plurality of metal screws, and is arranged on at least one of the inner walls of the circular waveguide along the tube axial direction of the circular waveguide. Each of the metal screws is attached so that the tip of each metal screw is directed toward the tube axis of the circular waveguide, and the length of the row of the metal screws that are installed side by side along the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide is the circular waveguide. The length of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the inside of the tube between the two orthogonal polarization components of the TE11 mode is set to about 90 degrees, and the circular guide of the metal screw viewed from the opening of the circular waveguide is used. The center line of the wave guide in the tube axis direction and the center line of the circular waveguide of the output means in the tube axis direction are arranged at an angle of about 45 degrees. Primary radiator for both circular polarization and linear polarization described. 6. The second phase circuit is composed of a 90-degree phaser composed of a dielectric plate, is rotatable about the tube axis of the circular waveguide, and the circular waveguide of the same dielectric plate is used. The length along the tube axis direction is set so that the phase difference between two orthogonal polarization components of the TE11 mode of the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the circular waveguide can be set to about 90 degrees. The primary radiator for both circularly polarized waves and linearly polarized waves according to claim 1.