JPH05340637A - Absorption type refrigerator for vehicle and circulating method for liquid thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize an operation without influence of fluctuations due to movement of a vehicle by providing a refrigerant liquid adhering structure in an evaporator for spraying to evaporate refrigerant, and providing a refrigerant buffer tank for temporarily storing refrigerant liquid passed through the structure under the evaporator. CONSTITUTION:A refrigerant liquid adhering structure 16 is provided in an evaporator 2 for spraying to partly evaporate refrigerant, and refrigerant liquid 2 passed through the structure 16 and not evaporated is temporarily stored in a refrigerant buffer tank 20 under the evaporator 2. On the other hand, the evaporated refrigerant is brought into contact with absorption liquid sprayed in an absorber 6, absorbed upon generating heat, and rare absorption liquid in which the refrigerant is absorbed is stored in an absorption liquid buffer tank 21. The rare absorption liquid is cooled by a cooler 12, heat exchanged with absorption liquid raised at its temperature in a cooling tube 13 in the absorber 6, heat exchanger by a heat exchanger 14 with high temperature concentrated absorption liquid obtained by a regenerator 9, sent to the regenerator 9, and the concentrated absorption liquid is sprayed in the absorber 6. Since refrigerant solution, absorption liquid are not stored in the evaporator 2, the absorber 6, a decrease in an operating efficiency due to fluctuations can be prevented.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of an absorption refrigerating machine, and in particular, an absorption refrigerating machine to be used by being mounted on an object (e.g., automobile, train, ship, etc.) that receives vibration, inclination, acceleration, etc. This is to ensure a stable operating condition and improve cooling efficiency.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art First, the operating principle of an absorption refrigerator will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a circulation system diagram of a refrigerant / absorption liquid showing an example of a stationary absorption refrigerator. The refrigerant sprayed in the evaporator (2) is partially evaporated by the heat from the cold water flowing in the pipe from another system, and the rest is collected at the bottom of the evaporator, and again by the refrigerant pump (4). Is sprayed. On the other hand, the cold water that has been exposed to heat is sent to a cooling heat exchanger (5) installed in a place requiring cooling, and serves as a cooling heat source for cooling. The cold water whose temperature has risen due to heat exchange in the heat exchanger (5) is returned to the cold water pipe in the evaporator again by the cold water circulation pump (30).

The refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator (2) enters the communicating absorber (6) and comes into contact with the absorbing liquid sprayed in the absorber, and is absorbed by the heat generation. The absorbing liquid that has absorbed this refrigerant is collected at the bottom of the absorber (6) and sprayed again by the solution spray pump (7).

In this way, the absorption liquid which has continuously absorbed the refrigerant vapor gradually decreases its concentration, and the absorption capacity also decreases accordingly. Therefore, this low-concentration absorbing solution (rare absorbing solution) is passed through the solution heat exchanger (14) by the solution pump (11) and then sent to the regenerator (9),
By heating in this, the refrigerant is evaporated to increase the concentration of the absorbing liquid and obtain a concentrated absorbing liquid. The concentrated absorption liquid is cooled through the solution heat exchanger (14) and returned to the absorber (6) to reactivate the refrigerant vapor absorption capacity.

On the other hand, the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the regenerator (9) is externally supplied to the cooling water (32) in the condenser (10).
Is liquefied by heat exchange by and is returned to the evaporator (2) as a refrigerant again.

As described above, in the absorption refrigerator, the refrigerant and the absorbing liquid are circulated in the closed circuit, and the evaporation of the refrigerant can be continued indefinitely in the evaporator (2), so that the cold water produced by the evaporator is continuous. Is obtained.

The absorption liquid accumulated at the bottom of the absorber (6) generates heat of absorption due to the absorption of the refrigerant and its temperature rises. Therefore, the cooling water of another system from the outside passing through the absorber (6) ( Three
By 1), heat exchange is performed to lower the solution temperature and increase the refrigerant absorption capacity. Further, the cooling water (31) that has undergone heat exchange in this absorber is the cooling water (32) in the condenser (10).
Sometimes used as.

[0008]

The stationary absorption refrigerating machine is now actively installed as an air conditioning facility in a building. However, when the absorption refrigerator is mounted on a vehicle such as a bus or a ship, that is, a transportation system, there are the following problems.

That is, as described above, the refrigerant liquid and the absorbing liquid are always stored in the evaporator and the absorber, respectively. The accumulated liquid also shakes due to vibration, shaking, acceleration, etc. of the vehicle equipped with this refrigerator, so that the evaporation efficiency of the refrigerant and the refrigerant absorption capacity of the absorbing liquid may vary, and the operating efficiency may deteriorate. .. Further, when the liquids vibrate violently, the liquids of the evaporators and the absorbers may be mixed with each other through the communication passage.

[0012] Next, even if the stationary absorption refrigerator is directly mounted on an automobile or a bus, the cooling water to be sent to the absorber or the condenser cannot be easily obtained. Furthermore, the cooling water circulation circuit for cooling the evaporator itself needs to be devised to make it lighter and more compact.

[0011]

As a result of various studies in view of the above, the present invention has developed an absorption chiller for mounting on a vehicle and a liquid circulation method thereof, which solves the above problems.

That is, the absorption refrigerating machine for mounting a vehicle according to the present invention sprays a refrigerant to partially evaporate it, and an evaporator having a path for guiding the vapor to the absorber, and an absorbent to spray the refrigerant. An absorber that absorbs the vapor, a regenerator that separates the refrigerant vapor and the concentrated absorbent by heating the rare absorbent that has absorbed the refrigerant vapor, and the refrigerant vapor obtained in the regenerator is condensed to the evaporator. In an absorption refrigerator having a condenser for sending, further comprising a path for exchanging heat between the concentrated hot liquid obtained in the regenerator and the diluted liquid obtained in the absorber and sending it to the absorber, A structure for adhering the refrigerant liquid is provided in the evaporator, and a refrigerant buffer tank for temporarily storing the cooling refrigerant that has passed through the adhesion structure is provided below the evaporator, and the cooling refrigerant in the buffer tank is directly used as a cold heat source. After use, spray again in the evaporator A passage is provided, and further, a buffer tank for absorbing liquid for temporarily storing the rare absorbing liquid that has absorbed the refrigerant vapor is provided below the absorber, and the rare absorbing liquid in the buffer tank is cooled to a cooling tube in the absorber. A route is provided for sending the refrigerant vapor, absorbing the refrigerant vapor and exchanging heat with the absorbing liquid whose temperature has risen, and then exchanging heat with the concentrated concentrated liquid of high temperature obtained in the regenerator, and then sending it to the regenerator. It is characterized in that a path for cooling the concentrated heat-exchanged absorbent and spraying it into the absorber is provided.

At this time, the condensation of the refrigerant vapor in the condenser,
It is more effective to cool the diluted absorbent in the absorbent buffer tank and the concentrated heat-exchanged absorbent with an air-cooled cooler, and a large number of jammers are used as the adhering structure in the evaporator. It is more effective to use plates or multiple amorphous fillers.

Further, the liquid circulation method of the absorption chiller for mounting a vehicle of the present invention is a cold heat obtained by spraying the refrigerant in the evaporator, sending a part of it as vapor to the absorber, and recovering the other as liquid. The source is taken out and used, and the refrigerant vapor sent to the absorber is absorbed by spraying the absorbing liquid and recovered as a rare absorbing liquid, and the rare absorbing liquid is heated in the regenerator to absorb the refrigerant vapor and the concentrated absorption. In the liquid circulation method of the absorption refrigerating machine, the refrigerant liquid is separated into a liquid, condensed by the condenser and sent to the evaporator, and the concentrated liquid is returned to the absorber. Characteristically, after being temporarily stored outside the evaporator, returned to the inside of the evaporator for spraying, and further, the rare absorption liquid recovered in the absorber is temporarily stored outside the absorber and then sent to the regenerator. Is.

[0015]

EXAMPLE An example of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
An absorption refrigerator having a refrigerant / absorption liquid circulation system as shown in FIG. 1 was installed in a large-sized bus. That is, the refrigerant buffer tank (20) is provided below the evaporator (2) of the conventional absorption refrigerator in FIG. 2, and the absorbing liquid buffer tank (21) is provided below the absorber (6). Is. As a result, among the refrigerant sprayed and sprayed in the evaporator (2), the refrigerant that has not evaporated is accumulated not in the bottom of the evaporator (2) but in the refrigerant buffer tank (20) and absorbs the evaporated refrigerant. The diluted absorption liquid (8) thus collected is stored in the absorption liquid buffer tank (21). Therefore, even if there is vibration, shaking, acceleration, etc. while the bus is running, these liquids (refrigerant liquid and rare absorption liquid) are always in the buffer tank and do not dance in the evaporator and the absorber. Since both liquids never mix, it is possible to maintain a much more stable operating condition than when the conventional absorption refrigerator is installed as is.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, in the conventional absorption refrigerator, cold water is taken out by a cold water circulation circuit incorporated in the evaporator (2), and the air conditioner (heat exchanger for cooling (5) in the figure), etc. However, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a filling material (16) made of plastic or Teflon for promoting the evaporation of the refrigerant is set in the evaporator, and the refrigerant is sprayed from the upper part of the refrigerant, thereby effectively cooling the refrigerant. Is evaporating. For this reason, the remaining refrigerant receives the latent heat of vaporization and cools itself,
By directly using the thus obtained cooling refrigerant itself as the cold heat source of the air conditioner, a lightweight, efficient and compact device can be obtained. Instead of such a filler, a large number of jamming plates or the like may be used as long as the structure has a large surface area for adhering the refrigerant liquid and can slow the passage (falling) speed of the refrigerant in the evaporator. ..

Next, in the conventional absorption refrigerator (FIG. 2), the cooling of the refrigerant vapor in the condenser is performed by drawing the cooling water from the outside of the system. I can't get water. Therefore, in the present invention, an air-cooling type cooler is used as the cooling means.

Further, removing the absorption heat generated when the absorbing liquid absorbs the refrigerant vapor greatly affects the performance of the refrigerator.
However, it is difficult to obtain cooling water for the same reason as above. Therefore, in the present invention, the rare absorption liquid cooled by the air-cooled cooler (12) provided after the absorption liquid buffer tank (21) is sent to a cooling tube (13) provided in the absorber (6), Removing absorbed heat. Moreover, even when the high temperature concentrated absorbent obtained in the regenerator is sprayed into the absorber (6) by the solution spray pump (7), the temperature is lowered in advance by the air-cooling type cooler (15).

Further, in the present invention, the following is used as the heating heat source (22) for the rare absorbent in the regenerator (9). That is, at present, air pollution caused by nitrogen oxides generated in gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, and the like has become a serious problem, and various electric vehicles have been proposed. Among them, the vehicle equipped with a phosphoric acid fuel cell only chemically reacts hydrogen reformed from raw material methanol with oxygen in the air, so that sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are hardly generated, It is also considered promising in terms of size and power generation efficiency.

Since a relatively large amount of exhaust heat is generated during operation of this phosphoric acid fuel cell, this exhaust heat was used as the heat source for the regenerator of the absorption refrigerator. With such a configuration, when the vehicle is operated, when cooling the inside of the vehicle,
There is no need to install a heating device again, which is advantageous in terms of energy saving.

In addition, as a heat source of this regenerator, in a vehicle using an ordinary internal combustion engine, heat generated by the engine may be used. Further, any method such as electric heating may be used. Water is generally used as the refrigerant of the absorption refrigerator of the present invention, and lithium bromide is commonly used as the absorbing liquid.

As described above, in FIG. 1, the exhaust heat of the phosphoric acid type fuel cell (not shown) is introduced as the heat source for heating the regenerator (9), so that the absorption refrigeration is performed when the inside of the bus needs to be cooled. Operate the machine to operate the refrigerant buffer tank (2
0) Cooling refrigerant liquid (3) accumulated in the refrigerant pump (4)
Sent to the heat exchanger (5) inside the bus by the fan (2
Generate cold air by 3). On the other hand, in-vehicle heating is performed by directly sending the exhaust heat from the fuel cell to the in-vehicle heating heat exchanger (24). In the figure, (25) indicates a liquid drainer.

[0023]

When the conventional absorption chiller is mounted on a vehicle such as a moving transportation system, the refrigerant accumulated in the evaporator and the absorbing liquid accumulated in the absorber are shaken in the vessel due to vibrations and shaking. However, according to the present invention, since the refrigerant and the solution are not accumulated in these vessels, there is a remarkable effect that the efficiency is not reduced.

Further, the conventional absorption type refrigerator is originally constructed as a stationary type such as requiring cooling water,
Since the refrigerator of the present invention is provided with a buffer tank and does not require cooling water from the outside, it can be moved substantially freely as long as a heating heat source for the regenerator can be obtained, so that it can be easily moved to a desired place of cold heat. It can be installed and can be used as a mobile type, for example, for rental.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a refrigerant / absorption liquid circulation path diagram showing an embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a refrigerant / absorption liquid circulation path diagram showing a conventional device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Static Pump 2 Evaporator 3 Cooling Refrigerant Liquid 4 Refrigerant Pump 5 Cooling Heat Exchanger 6 Absorber 7 Solution Spray Pump 8 Rare Absorbing Liquid 9 Regenerator 10 Condenser 11 Solution Pump 12 Air Cooling Cooler 13 Cooling Tube 14 For Solution Heat exchanger 15 Air-cooled cooler 16 Evaporation promoting filler 20 Refrigerant buffer tank 21 Absorbing liquid buffer tank 22 Heating heat source 23 Fan 24 Heating heat exchanger 25 Liquid drainer 30 Cold water circulation pump 31, 32 Cooling water

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An evaporator having a path for spraying a refrigerant to partially evaporate the vapor and guiding the vapor to an absorber, an absorber for spraying an absorbing liquid to absorb the refrigerant vapor, and an evaporator for absorbing the refrigerant vapor. It has a regenerator that separates refrigerant vapor and concentrated absorbent by heating the absorbed rare absorbent, and a condenser that condenses the refrigerant vapor obtained in the regenerator and sends it to the evaporator. In an absorption chiller equipped with a route for exchanging heat with the obtained concentrated concentrated liquid at high temperature with the rare absorbed liquid obtained in the absorber and sending it to the absorber, a structure for adhering the refrigerant liquid is provided in the evaporator. , A refrigerant buffer tank for temporarily storing the cooling refrigerant that has passed through the attached structure is provided below the evaporator, and the cooling refrigerant in the buffer tank is directly used as a cold heat source, and then a path for spraying again into the evaporator is provided. A refrigerant vapor is installed below the absorber. A buffer tank for absorbing liquid that temporarily stores the rare absorbing liquid that has absorbed air is provided, and the rare absorbing liquid in the buffer tank is cooled and sent to the cooling tube in the absorber.
After absorbing the refrigerant vapor and exchanging heat with the absorbing liquid whose temperature has risen, heat is exchanged with the high-temperature concentrated absorbing liquid obtained in the above regenerator, and then a route is sent to the regenerator, as well as heat An absorption chiller for mounting on a vehicle, characterized by having a path for cooling the exchanged concentrated absorbent and spraying it inside the absorber. 2. The vehicle-mounted type according to claim 1, wherein the condensation of the refrigerant vapor in the condenser, the cooling of the rare absorption liquid in the buffer tank for the absorption liquid, and the cooling of the concentrated absorption liquid after heat exchange are carried out by the air-cooling type cooler. Absorption refrigerating machine. 3. The absorption chiller for mounting on a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the attached structure in the evaporator is a large number of baffle plates or a large number of irregular shaped packings. 4. A cooling refrigerant itself obtained by spraying a refrigerant in an evaporator, sending a part of it as vapor to an absorber, and recovering the other as a liquid, is directly taken out and utilized as a cold heat source, and the absorber is used. The refrigerant vapor sent to the is absorbed by spraying the absorbing liquid and recovered as a rare absorbing liquid, and the rare absorbing liquid is heated in the regenerator to separate into the refrigerant vapor and the concentrated absorbing liquid, and the refrigerant vapor is In the liquid circulation method of the absorption refrigerating machine, the refrigerant liquid condensed in the condenser is sent to the evaporator, and the concentrated absorption liquid is returned to the absorber again. The refrigerant liquid recovered in the evaporator is temporarily stored outside the evaporator. After that, it is returned to the inside of the evaporator for spraying again, and the rare absorption liquid recovered in the absorber is temporarily stored outside the absorber and then sent to the regenerator. Liquid circulation method.