JPH05261639A - Numerically controlled lathe with automatic tool changer and tool changing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a numerically controlled lathe with an automatic tool changer less in tool changing parts and procedures and a tool changing method. CONSTITUTION:This tool changing method consists of a headstock whose Z-axial position is controlled on a bed, a turret type tool rest 27 whose X and Z-axial positions, a fixed magazine 31 being installed in the right end face of the bed, installing a window 31 a in a tool changing position and stored with tools on a concentric circle, and an automatic tool changer turning and indexing a tool at the center of this magazine 31 and capable of locating turning axial two positions and V-arm's forward and backward two positions. At the time of tool changing, a tool installing projection cylindrical body 27a or 27b of the tool rest 27 is wrapped in the window 31a, making it in a state of being parallelled with a pot of the magazine 31, and tools in this magazine 31 and other tools in the tool rest 27 are directly changed with one another.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an NC lathe with an improved tool changer (ATC) in an NC machine tool and a tool change method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various ATCs for NC lathes have been proposed. For example, JP-A-60-56840
5, a tailstock 3 is movably provided so as to face a headstock 2 fixed on a bed 1, a turret tool post 4 is swivelly indexed, and X-axis / Z-axis position control is performed. It is possible. The chain storing the tools of the magazine 5 fixed to the end of the bed 1 is provided so as to rotate and index to the tool exchange position. The gripper 6 which can be expanded and contracted laterally of the magazine 5 is expanded and contracted in two steps in the Y-axis direction. And Z-axis direction 2
A single arm sub-arm 7 that can be positioned at a position is provided. Further, a rail 8 is installed on the upper part of the bed in parallel with the Z-axis direction guide, and a ready station 9 having a tool storage pot positioned at the tool exchange position of the tool rest 4 and the tool exchange position of the magazine 5 is provided on the rail 8.
Is placed. Further, on the bed 1 on the magazine 5 side, a twin arm tool changer (ATC) 1 for exchanging tools between the tool rest 4 at the tool change position and the ready station 9.
0 is provided.

In order to replace the tool with this structure, the sub-arm 7 extends the tool indexed to the tool replacement position of the magazine 5, holds the tool, and pulls the tool in the Z-axis direction and waits. The ready station 9 is positioned on the magazine 5 side, and the sub arm 7 further extends and contracts in the Z-axis direction to deliver the tool to an empty pot. The ready station 9 is positioned at the tool rest exchange position, the tool rest 4 is positioned at the Z-axis tool exchange position, and the turret tool is indexed to the exchange position. A
The arm of the TC 10 extends and the tool of the ready station 9 and the tool of the tool rest 4 are pulled out and replaced. The ready station 9 is positioned on the magazine 5 side, and the sub arm 7 pulls out the used tool and stores it in the empty pot of the magazine 5. On the other hand, the tool post indexes the replaced tool to the machining position and starts machining.

[0004]

As described above, since many parts are required for tool replacement, the structure is complicated and the cost is high, and since the headstock is fixed, the tool rest must be moved to a separate replacement position. In addition, there was a problem that the replacement time would be long due to the passing of tools on the way. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to provide an ATC with which the replacement time can be shortened as much as possible and the auxiliary members necessary for replacement can be reduced to contribute to cost reduction. An NC lathe and a tool changing method are provided.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is provided so as to be movable and positionable in the X and Z axis directions, indexable to a tool exchange position in the Z axis direction, and a tool mounting portion is projected. A turret type tool rest which is a cylindrical body, and a window which is fixed to the end face of the bed and stores the tool in the Z-axis direction on a concentric circle and into which the cylindrical body is inserted at a tool exchange position coaxial with the tool exchange position. And a V-shaped tool exchanging arm that can be swivel-indexed around the center of the magazine and can be moved in the swivel-axis direction and can be expanded and contracted. Furthermore, it is fixed to the end surface of the lathe bed and concentric Z
Push the tool mounting part of the tool post into the window opened at the tool change position of the magazine that stores tools in the axial direction and position it in the same row as the pot of the magazine. This is a method of directly exchanging tools.

[0006]

[Action]

The pots on both sides of the tool changing position of the magazine are emptied, and the commanded tool is taken out by the V-shaped tool changing arm and put in one of the empty pots. The tool post indexing the tool to be replaced at the replacement position is moved along the X and Z axes so that it is in the same row as the tool in the magazine and the tool is replaced with the V-shaped tool replacement arm.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. On the upper surface of the bed 11, two sets of horizontal guide surfaces 11a and 11b in the Z-axis direction are formed.
A saddle 15 is placed on the upper surface of a. A headstock 14 is fixed to the saddle 15. The headstock 14 is rotatably supported on a main shaft 13 having a chuck 12 fitted to the tip thereof in the Z-axis direction. The headstock is positionally controlled in the Z-axis direction by a feed screw 17 supported by a bed and rotated by a motor 16 driven by an NC device (not shown) via a nut 18 on the lower surface. A tailstock 19 in which a center is fitted is fixed to the bed end opposite to the headstock 14.

On the horizontal guide surface 11b, a saddle 21 is position-controlled in the Z-axis direction via a nut 24 by a feed screw 23 rotated by a motor 22 driven by an NC device. On the horizontal guide surface 21a in the X-axis direction on the upper surface of the saddle 21, the center stand 26
Is mounted and the position is controlled in the X-axis direction via a nut by a feed screw 28 rotated by a motor 30 driven by an NC device. A turret type blade having a protruding cylindrical body 27a on which the fixed tool T1 is mounted, and a protruding cylindrical body 27b on which the rotary tool T2, which is rotated by 180 ° and is rotated by a known driving means, is mounted on the upper surface of the middle table 26 A table 27 is provided so as to be horizontally rotatable around a vertical axis and is indexed to a machining position and a tool exchange position.

The end face of the bed 11 on the tailstock side is provided with a magazine 31 having a pot with the Z-axis as the axis in the position of 30 ° in this example on the concentric circles, and a square through window at the tool exchange position. 31a is provided. This window position is a position coaxial with the cylindrical body on the exchange side indexed to the tool exchange position positioned on the X-axis and Z-axis of the tool rest 27. This window 31
The pots on both sides of a are normally empty, and the right pot in FIG. 4 stores the next tool, the left pot stores the used tool, and the other pot stores the spare tool.

The gripper arm 2 is provided at the center of the magazine 31.
An arm tool changing device 29 having V-shaped 9a and 29b is provided so as to be pivotally indexable and positionable at two positions in the pivot axis direction. The tool changing device 29 has an air cylinder built in the base portion 29c, and is expanded and contracted to a forward position for holding the tool of the pot in the direction of the bisector of the arm having a V angle of 30 °, and a backward position for avoiding interference during turning. The swing index of the V-shaped arm can be freely selected whether the gripper arm 29a faces the predetermined pot or the gripper arm 29b faces the predetermined pot, and can be easily executed by one pitch increase / decrease operation.

The operation of the present invention thus configured will be described. The flange workpiece W is held by the chuck 12 of the main shaft 13. The saddle 15 of the headstock 14 is the feed screw 1
7 is moved and the workpiece is positioned in the machining position. The required processing of the workpiece W is performed by the fixed tool T1 at the processing position of the tool rest 27. During this machining, if the NC tool issues a command for the rotation tool of the next tool, the tool changer 29, which is in a state where the V-shaped arm is pushed in the retracted position, is pivotally indexed to the commanded next tool position and the gripper arm. Two
9a is faced to the next tool and the gripper grips the flange gripping part of the next tool with the V-shaped arm as the forward end by the air cylinder.

The apparatus is pulled out in the Z-axis direction, the next tool is pulled out from the pot, and the V-shaped arm is reduced to make the gripper arm 29.
A is positioned in the waiting pot on the right side of the window 28a, and the apparatus is pushed in to store the next tool in the pot. Reduce the V-shaped arm and wait. When the machining with the fixed tool T1 is completed, the turret tool post 27 is retracted in the X-axis direction by the rotation of the feed screw 28 in response to the tool change command of the NC device, and is rotated rightward in FIG. Since the protruding cylindrical body 27b for the rotary tool is located at the tool exchange position of the tool rest 27, the turret is not swung. The tubular body 27b positioned at the exchange position is the square window 3 of the magazine 31.
It is thrust into 1a and is in parallel with the magazine pot.

The V-shaped arm is moved forward to move the gripper arm 29.
b grips the flange gripping portion of the rotary tool T2 of the used tool of the tubular body 27b, and the gripper arm 29a grips the flange gripping portion of the rotary tool T2 of the next tool with the gripper.
The tool changing device 29 pulls out each tool pulled out in the Z-axis direction. Next, in the present example, the V-shaped angle is swiveled to the left by 30 ° in FIG. 4, and the used tool of the gripper arm 29b is set to the empty pot on the left side, and the gripper arm 27a is set to the next tool as the cylindrical body 2.
Face the 7b pot and push the device in the Z-axis direction to store the tool in each pot. The V-shaped arm is reduced and the tool changer 29 is set to the standby position. The tool rest 27 is controlled to move along the Z-axis and the X-axis to start machining at the machining position.

The V-shaped arm of the tool changer 29 moves forward, the gripper arm 29b again grips the flange gripping part of the used tool, and pulls out the device in the Z-axis direction to use the used tool T2.
Is removed from the pot, the V-shaped arm is contracted, the tool changing device 29 is swung to the position where the used tool should be stored, the gripper arm 29b is opposed, and the V-shaped arm is extended to push the device in the Z-axis direction. Put the used tools in the pot.
The V-shaped arm is reduced, and the device is pushed in the Z-axis direction and turned to the standby position. In the case of machining the center gripped work piece, the one conveyed by the loader is positioned on the tailstock 19 side and the spindle is advanced in the Z-axis direction to move the center and tailstock 19 (not shown).
It is held by the center of the magazine 31. Further, the headstock can be fixed, the tailstock can be controlled in the Z-axis position, and the same magazine and ATC can be provided on the headstock side to move the tool rest to the left.

[0015]

As described above, the present invention has the following effects. It is possible to provide a low-priced automatic tool changer and method, which eliminates the need for a ready station, sub-arm, and magazine rotation drive mechanism, reduces the number of parts, and reduces the risk of trouble. In addition, the tool replacement procedure is reduced and the replacement time is shortened, so that efficient production processing can be realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory plan view of a lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory front view in which the lower part of the saddle is cut at the center of the headstock feed screw and the center of the tool rest feed screw.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram in which a tool rest is positioned at a tool exchange position of a magazine.

FIG. 4 is a right side view of FIG.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory plan view of a conventional NC lathe with ATC.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 Bed 14 Headstock 19 Tailstock 27 Tool post 17, 23, 28 Feed screw 27a, 27b
Cylindrical body 31 Magazine 31a Window 29 Tool changing device 29a, 29b
Gripper arm

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A turret-shaped tool rest, which is a tubular body provided so as to be movable and positionable in the X and Z axis directions, indexable to a tool exchange position in the Z axis direction, and having a protruding tool mounting portion, and an end surface of the bed. A magazine which is fixed and stores a tool in the Z-axis direction on a concentric circle, and which has a window into which the cylindrical body is inserted at a tool exchange position coaxial with the tool exchange position, and a swivel indexing with the center of the magazine as a swivel center A V-shaped tool changer arm that is movable and movable in the direction of the turning axis and that can be expanded and contracted, and that is equipped with an ATC, in which the tool mounting part at the tool post replacement position is in the same row as the magazine tool. NC lathe. 2. A tool mounting portion of a tool rest is inserted into a window opened at a tool changing position of a magazine for storing tools in a concentric Z-axis direction, which is fixed to an end surface of a lathe bed, and is positioned in the same row as the magazine pot. A tool exchanging method characterized in that the tool exchanging between the magazine and the tool rest is directly performed by the central tool exchanging arm.