JPH05232143A - System for monitoring power consumptions of plurality of local stations from central station - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a monitoring system with a personal computer to instantaneously confirm individual consumption energies of a plurality of local users existing rear of the meters of an electric power company to indicate total consumption energy from a master line. CONSTITUTION: A personal computer(PC) monitors the energies consumed by a plurality of local users by using a two-way communication line (INCOM) to form individual bills for the users existing rear of a meter. The user stations store total energy by a command from the PC, and then the PC retrieves the values addressed and stored in respective stations and forms bills. To sense the voltage and current, a back pack unit(BPU) is directly mounted at the circuit breaker(CB) of each distribution board of the station, and plugged in. The each unit has two printed circuit boards (PCBA, PCBB).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to load management of electric loads, and more particularly to individual users at a plurality of locations behind a meter installed by an electric power company for the purpose of calculating total energy consumption from a main line. Monitor with a personal computer to instantly check the energy consumption
Involved in the system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Electric power companies detect by installing at least one meter at the connection between a main distribution line and a location where a consumer consumes electric power, such as a factory, a residence, a store, an office, or an apartment complex. It is customary to comprehensively monitor the amount of kilowatts drawn from the mains AC line based on the voltage and current drawn and calculate the energy consumption so that the customer can be billed according to the actual demand. Recently, by measuring the individual consumption at the individual location of each user located behind the meter installed by the electric power company at the consumer level, each user, for example, a resident, a tenant, a craftsman at a workplace, a store owner, etc. A method has been proposed in which the invoices are divided among them and the costs are evenly distributed.

US Pat. No. 4,168,491 discloses a method of controlling energy demand consumed by a plurality of users belonging to a common building. The purpose here is to stop the consumption of users exceeding a predetermined limit. Thus, when the limit is exceeded, the central location periodically shuts down the power supply to all users belonging to the group, or for a period of time, or notifies the users to switch off.

It is known from US Pat. No. 3,937,978 to remotely control a plurality of electric loads such as a multi-unit accommodation facility and sense power consumption to cut off power supply to loads exceeding a predetermined level. It is known from the book.

For multiple installations each having a local receiver and a load limiter, a computer load center at the transmitter to programmatically monitor the load to reduce peak load is described in US Pat.
It is known from 06,242.

US Pat. No. 4,090,062 discloses an energy demand controller for a house or building that includes a heater, an electric appliance, etc., each having a local controller and an intermediate switch.

According to US Pat. No. 4,100,426, load control is provided by a plug-in module which is part of a standard package associated with the respective load of a given installation.

US Pat. No. 4,206,443 discloses a technique in which a remote master controller and monitor device provides load disconnect for protection at a single control input terminal.

US Pat. No. 4,874,926 discloses the use of a low voltage thermoelectric relay located downstream or near the exit side of a residential circuit breaker on a residential distribution line that reaches the individual heating elements. is doing.

US Pat. No. 4,164,719 discloses a load management scheme which incorporates a management module in a conventional circuit breaker between a local load and a power inlet.

US Pat. No. 4,178,572 discloses a contactor circuit breaker adapted to be mounted on a distribution board having a load circuit breaker for power supply.

US Pat. No. 4,308,511 relates to a load management circuit breaker including an electronic package and a remote control switch, associated with an electrical energy meter and a master control transmitter connected by a communication line. ..

US Pat. No. 4,806,855 relates to a system for evaluating transmission lines. The system includes a current sensor / transmitter that multiplexes to a computer via a telecommunications link.

US Pat. No. 4,219,860 discloses a digital overcurrent relay device using sampling and digital conversion of monitored AC current.

US Pat. No. 4,423,459 discloses a solid state circuit for monitoring AC current by sampling and digital conversion.

According to US Pat. No. 4,682,264, a solid state trip device, under the control of a microprocessor, processes digital signals from current sensors.

[0017]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a multi-user load distribution system having a common energy meter, secondary to a primary AC power source from a power company. It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact device that integrates a sensing unit and enables monitoring from a remote location. If the device is located at a remote location, it can easily be plugged into an existing circuit breaker without modification to the distribution board. By using this device, the burden of a specific user on the total cost calculated by the meter of the electric power company can be confirmed and accumulated.

The present invention provides an energy source for calculating the distribution of power consumption at a plurality of load stations, each connected individually to a common main AC line via a corresponding circuit breaker behind a common power meter. In the monitor system, a personal computer is arranged in the center, and at each load station, first analog means for sensing the voltage from the main AC line to form an analog voltage signal, and current from the main AC line system. Second analog means for sensing an analog current signal to form an analog current signal; analog / digital means for converting the voltage and current signals into digital voltage and current signals; and instantaneously combining the digital voltage and current signals. The personal computer and the multi-load station are equipped with a means for forming a signal representing an integrated value of energy consumption. A two-way digital communication means is provided between the two terminals to form a data highway therebetween, and the personal computer uses the two-way communication means at regular time intervals to address each load station first and simultaneously. The total energy consumption is commanded to be stored, and then all stations are individually addressed and polled to individually send the storage amount to the personal computer, and the personal computer continues to the previous time interval. By calculating the difference between the instantaneous energy values sequentially received by each load station during the time interval and the demand of the current time interval, the energy consumption and demand at any load station for each time interval is confirmed by the personal computer, Based on this, it will be To as individual invoice is created, energy for the system is characterized in that it is configured as part of a CMOS Monorikku circuit in each of the load station
A monitoring system achieves the above objectives.

The present invention is used in conjunction with an existing local circuit breaker having a molded case, at least one terminal ear for connecting to an incoming terminal line cable, and at least one terminal ear for connecting to an outgoing load line. In a backpack unit, a housing in which the backpack unit is attachable to the circuit breaker, transducer means mounted in the housing for forming analog signals representative of line cable current and voltage, and in the housing And a digital means attached to the digital circuit for converting the analog signal into a digital signal to form a digital signal representing the power consumption of the local station.

Preferably, a system controlled by a personal computer is provided in the secondary power distribution system, and each user's equipment is digitally addressed from the center under the master / slave relationship to immediately calculate the local energy consumption. It can be so.

This calculation is accomplished without disrupting the normal power distribution from the main AC power terminals to the individual user breakers built into the distribution board. Also, there is no need to add a converter or current transformer for sensing to construct the circuit breaker distribution board which is the basis of the system of the present invention.

In the present invention, in or around the central solid-state device, (1) at the transmitter / receiver end of the local station to immediately calculate the local energy consumption and constantly store the latest local energy consumption. Required computer functions; (2) PC
Two-way communication with station Lower link of highway
The gate function is integrated. This integrated local system is packaged as a backpack unit that plugs into a circuit breaker between the main AC line and the local user. Since each local circuit breaker is installed in this way, the PC is connected to all local
By monitoring users, we collect the energy consumption information needed to calculate individual bills. Individual billing calculations are used in conjunction with the utility's gross meter. Behind the utility meter is a simple two-wire synchronous communication line connected as a daisy line to multiple compact backpack units plugged into the user's circuit breaker with their respective loads. .. The integrated transducer / lower link slave communication unit is configured to match the dimensions of the circuit breaker exactly, so it can be easily incorporated as a backpack unit within the cross-sectional area of the circuit breaker. If it is attached to a normal terminal, it can be detected simply by inserting it through the terminal line.
A pair of printed circuit boards, one used on the voltage / current transducer side and the other digitally intervening, is placed in the unit as a lower link facing the communication line. Digital processing allows messages to be sent in both directions at standard addresses and formats.

The digital data links used in the preferred embodiment are disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 4,653,073; 4,644,547; and 4,866,714. It is of the type.

The present invention can be applied only to energy consumption measurements at the level of multiple local users that monitor and calculate individual demands and tariffs, respectively, in a centralized control, such as power consumption including peak demand assessment only. It can also be applied to individual tariff calculation of electric power companies by the company's tariff calculation system.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an energy monitor system. A plurality of backpack units BPU respectively connect a plurality of circuit breakers CB which are a part of the distribution board PNB, and the main AC line through the distribution board PNB to a local cable to the load of the individual user. Connected to each other. Each backpack unit has two printed circuit boards PCBA, P that connect to each other at J4.
Including the CBB, one printed circuit board PCBA acts as a current transducer and cooperates with a circuit breaker to sense voltage, and the other printed circuit board PCBB derives digital information (at junction J1), which information is It is transmitted via a telecommunications channel INCOM for bidirectional transmission with a personal computer. A total amount meter M installed in a power transmission system that supplies energy through a main AC line by monitoring energy with a selective combination of a plurality of printed circuit boards and a personal computer.
For local users located behind ETER (Fig. 1), the personal computer station can immediately calculate individual charges.

2 (A) and 2 (B) are a front view and a top view of the circuit breaker shown as CB in FIG. 1, respectively. Typically, the circuit breaker has three terminals TA, TB, TC (per pole in the case of three poles), at which individual local (in FIG. 1 only one pole each is shown) The cable is fixed between a member 39 driven by a screw (SCW) and a stopper member 38 held by a bracket 38 'provided in a terminal (TA, TB or TC). A handle 42 for manual control projects from the front of the distribution board PNB of FIG. Figure 2 (A)
And 2 (B) are cited from US Pat. No. 3,892,298. As shown in FIG. 1, the local cable has two printed circuit boards PCBA each provided with appropriate holes (not shown) before its ends enter the terminals of the circuit breaker.
And through the PCBB. The other side of the circuit breaker is also connected via a terminal to the AC line from the power company.

FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are respectively a front view, a top view and a side view showing one of the backpack unit BPU of FIG. The backpack unit BPU has a bottom casing BX, a cover CV, and FIG.
It is shown as a housing containing blades or ears LG projecting one at each pole of a three-pole circuit breaker as shown in (A) and 2 (B). J1 is a connector inserted into the BPU housing, and the telecommunications line INCOM of FIG. 1 is plugged into this housing. (Fig. 3
Three circular holes (OA, OB, OC) (shown in (A)) are the housing of the backpack unit BPU and the printed circuit board assembly incorporated therein (PCBA and PC in FIG. 1).
BB) is penetrated. As shown, each circular hole (OA,
The ears LG are attached to OB and OC). The local user cable associated with one pole of the breaker has a corresponding circular hole (OA, OB or OC) in the breaker housing
Then placed in the breaker terminal (TA, TB or TC in FIG. 2 (A)) such that its open end is located along the ear LG or so that the ear LG is located along said open end. The gripping force of the screw holds the cable and ear together and provides the necessary electrical contact. FIG. 4 shows the backpack unit BPU plugged into the circuit breaker CB.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the circuit breaker shown in FIG. 4 (FIG. 6 is a top view) which engages the circuit breaker terminal conductor 38 and is pressed against the circuit breaker under the action of the screw SCW. Shows the exposed end of the cable from a local user. The local user's cable traverses the housing of the backpack unit BPU and runs through two parallel printed circuit boards PCBA and PCBB. In Figure 1, printed circuit board PCB
A occupies a position close to the circuit breaker CB, and the other printed circuit board PCBB is on the opposite side, and the communication line INCOM
However, in FIG. 5, the printed circuit board PCBB occupies the position close to the circuit breaker, and the ear L
G is fixed and extends outward from the terminal (T in FIG. 2A).
A, TB or TC). Thus, a signal representative of the phase voltage is derived from the fixed rivet 30 provided on the printed circuit board PCBB, which signal (for phase A, for example) is passed through the resistor R4 to the other printed circuit board PCB.
Sent to A.

As will be described in more detail below, a printed circuit board PC
The BA carries a transducer that senses the phase current passing through the local cable. Therefore, the sense phase voltage signal passing through R4 is also received by the circuit board PCBA. Conversely, via connector J4, the current / voltage sense signal is sent together to the printed circuit board PCBB. After being digitally converted and digitally processed in the printed circuit board PCBB, the information is sent to the INCOM line via the connector J1 of the printed circuit board PCBB. The INCOM line connects to a personal computer for central monitoring of energy consumption through a specific circuit breaker and local user cable. Circuit breaker conductor 3
8 is attached to a bracket 38 '. The exposed end of the cable is screwed into the ear of the backpack unit L
Pressed against G, the ear LG is sandwiched between the cable and the conductor 38. The AC line is fixed in a known manner directly on the conductor 40 inside the opposite circuit breaker terminal, which conductor 40 is mounted on a bracket 40 '.

FIG. 7A is a front view of a backpack unit similar to that shown in FIG. 3A.
(B) and 8 are lines FF and A- in FIG. 3 (A), respectively.
It is sectional drawing in A. FIG. FIG. 8 shows the ear LG mounted with rivets 30. Circular holes having edge OP in parallel printed circuit boards (for example, in the case of phase A, O
A) is formed. The insulating housing is a cylindrical inner surface O of sufficient diameter to allow the insertion of local cables.
Two printed circuit boards with P '(PCBA and PC
BB) with a bottom casing BX having a plastic boot BT straddling the hole. The boot BT is located near the edge OP of the printed circuit board. The boot starts from the bottom of the casing BX, and the other end of the boot engages with a circular overhanging EDG provided in the bottom of the cover CV and having a complementary relationship. When the two are joined, the space is closed and insulation is formed in the gap between the edge OP of the printed circuit board and the axially mounted local cable.

9A and 9B show an ear LG mounted on a printed circuit board PCBB. 9B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 9A. OP is the edge of the hole OA (for phase A, for example).

FIG. 10 shows a mode in which two printed circuit boards are juxtaposed and connected. Each ear LG (one for each of holes OA, OB, OC in the case of a three-pole breaker) is connected via line 10 to a resistor R (corresponding to hole OA and phase A).
4, attached to the circuit board PCBB by rivets 30 which are electrically connected to the resistor R5 (corresponding to OB) or the resistor R6 (corresponding to OC). These resistors bridge the opposite edges of the two circuit boards.
The printed circuit board PCBA has holes OA, OB, OC surrounding the local cable for sensing and a circular compartment CT for the corresponding current transducer.
AC voltage signals VA, VB, VC (derived from resistors R4, R5, R6) and current signals IA, IB, IC (derived from current sensor CT) are connection lines (indicated by J4 in FIG. 5). Through the ribbon RB and then back to the printed circuit board PCBB where it is digitally processed.

FIGS. 11 and 12 are perspective views showing the two printed circuit boards of FIG. 10 equipped with supplementary means such as transformers, connectors, pins, fixtures and the like. One (FIG. 11) shows the two circuit boards in a juxtaposed stage, and the other (FIG. 12) is a circuit board PCBA to a circuit board PCB.
The state of being folded over B is shown. FIG. 13 shows the bottom casing BX and the cover CV of the backpack unit BPU.
Fig. 13 is an exploded view of Fig. 12, in which the two printed circuit boards shown in Fig. 12 are sandwiched between the casing and the cover. 14
(A) is a perspective view of a bottom casing BX having three boots BT inserted into the circular holes of the corresponding printed circuit board. FIG. 14B is a perspective view of the cover CV having three edge portions. Both the bottom casing and the cover are provided with holes in the four corners of the rectangular plastic body which are vertically aligned with each other, and when the entire housing of the backpack unit is closed, a rod having a threaded end can be screwed into the holes.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing in more detail than FIG. 5 a mode in which internal parts are incorporated between one terminal of the circuit breaker CB and the central hole of the backpack unit BPU. The transducer CT is located in the corresponding compartment of the bottom casing BX shown in FIG. 13, with the connector J1 interposed between the upper edge of the printed circuit board PCBB and the INCOM line. The connector J4 is between the printed circuit boards PCBA and PCBB and the radial line 10 of the circuit board PCBB (for example in case of holes OA) is connected to the circuit board P.
The same applies to the resistor R4 connected to CBA.

FIG. 16 shows that the backpack unit of the present invention constitutes an extended slave station of an INCOM system similar to that disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,866,714. 2 for 2 circuit breakers
One backpack unit BPU is supported (although only one circuit breaker CB is shown to simplify the drawing). A two wire communication line 78 (assuming it is of the INCOM type) connects backpack units at different locations in series in a daisy line fashion. Line 78 extends to the personal computer station.
Normally, the line 78 is connected to a data reading station DAT, which will be described later and which is provided as needed. The function of the communication line 78 is described in US Pat. No. 4,866,714 in Personal Computer-Based Dynamic Burn-in.
As detailed in connection with the System.

Although FIG. 11 shows two printed circuit boards equipped with main mechanical parts and arranged side by side, FIG.
Then, the central hole OP of the circuit board PCB corresponding to each of the three phases
And the radial lines 10 extending from the circuit board PCBB to the circuit board PCBA through resistors R4, R5 and R6 around The connector J4 outputs the signal output from the circuit board PCBA to the circuit board PC for digital processing.
Shown as ribbon RB connecting to BB.

FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing the current / voltage sensing circuit of the circuit board PCBA. Shown are three sensing current transformers CT, where each local cable is in connection with phases A, B, C of the AC line (via circuit board PCBA and circuit breaker CB. Each corresponding current signal IA, IB, IC is supplied to the other printed circuit board PCBB (via lines 11, 12, 13).
Ear L represented by connection point 30 which is the fixed rivet shown in FIG.
At the connection point with G, the voltages VAN, VBN, VCN are derived via lines 14, 15, 16 with reference to the neutral point AX. A related circuit configuration is shown in FIG. The line 11 from the secondary winding of the A line current transformer CT is a resistor R4.
Through 0 to common ground AX and through resistor R39 and line 11 'to pin 7 of connector J4.
Similarly, from the secondary winding of the B-line current transformer CT to the line 12
And line 13 from the secondary winding of the C line current transformer CT to pins 6 and 5 of connector J4 via resistors R38, R37 and line 12 ', respectively, and resistors R36, R35 and line 13'. It is extended. 3 lines 1
1 ', 12', 13 'are resistors R31, R3, respectively
It is also connected to common ground via 0 and R29.

In order to sense the voltage, each series circuit (resistors R34, R33, R) starting from the rivet 30 is used.
32 and the corresponding rectifiers CR8, CR7, CR6) are connected to the common ground AX via the corresponding lines 14, 15, 16 and the connection point J is respectively two further series resistors (R).
22, R24, R23, R27; R24, R28) to the common ground AX. Each line 14 ', 15', 16 'extends from the connection point J'between the resistors to the pins 4, 3, 2 of the connector J4. Therefore, by connecting the connector J4 belonging to the printed circuit board PCBA to the similar connector J3 existing on the printed circuit board PCBB side via the ribbon RB (corresponding to the phase currents IA, IB, IC of the AC line), IAX, I
It can be used to receive inductive signals representative of BX, ICX and induced line-to-neutral voltage voltages VANX, VBNX, VCNX.

In FIG. 20, one side receives a sensing current and a sensing voltage (IA, IB, IC, VAN, VBN, VCN), and the other side receives an INCOM line which is a bidirectional communication signal line with a personal computer PC. Printed circuit board PC to connect
It is a block diagram which briefly shows BB. The multiplexer responds to the input analog current and voltage signals that are analog to digital converted by the A / D converter. The digital signal thus obtained is digitally processed for information processing and control by the microcomputer MCU using RAM and EPROM devices. As a result, as shown in FIG. 20, two printed circuit boards PCBA and PCBB are provided.
At each of the local stations, including, local information and control commands are sent to the personal computer PC via the INCOM system for central energy monitoring.

FIG. 21 shows the energy monitor of the present invention.
1 is a schematic diagram of a system. The main AC line of the power company reaches the meter installed in the front of the building, but this building has several local power lines that are fed from the main AC line via individual circuit breakers CB each belonging to the distribution board.・ Users (# 1, # 2, # 3, ... #n) are resident. Starting from INCOM junction J1 of each backpack unit, Daisy Line 78 is an energy monitor and all local
The printed circuit board PCBB is connected to the personal computer PC station. For example, the distribution ratio of energy consumed behind the common meter is 20% for user # 1, 10% for # 2, 0% for # 3, and 30% for #n.

FIG. 22 shows US Pat. No. 4, relating to an interface between INCOM type two-way communication networks.
This is similar to FIG. 1 of the specification of 644,547. In a field of application of the invention, the printed circuit board PCBB acts as blocks 80 and 84 in the local station acting as an extended mode slave.

In FIG. 22, the personal computer PC station I
It is shown as a central controller 76 that sends and receives messages to and from a plurality of remote stations via NCOM two-way communication lines 78. The personal computer PC communicates with the ICONARD which includes an interface circuit and a digital integrated circuit DIC80 which acts as an expansion master. At the receiving end there is another digital IC 80 which acts as an extended mode slave. The two ICs 80 allow interaction between the two ends via line 78. Each digital IC 80 is provided with a multi-bit address field so that it can be individually addressed. In extended slave mode, the digital IC 80 is the central controller 76.
In response to a specific command from the device, the interface 84 with the local microcomputer MCU is formed as a part of the SurePlus Chip SP in the printed circuit board PCBB. The digital IC 80 responds to the interface interrupt enable command in the message received from the central controller 76 by the microcomputer 84.
By forming an interrupt signal on the INT line to
Enables the microcomputer 84 to read serial data from the buffer shift register via the bidirectional DATA line in response to successive clock pulses transmitted on the SCK line from the MCU to the digital IC 80.

The digital IC 80 also loads serial data from the DATA line to the buffer shift register in response to the serial clock pulses provided on the SCK line from the MCU in response to the signal appearing on the read / write line RW from the MCU. To do. Furthermore, the digital IC 80 is responsive to a potential logic change on the RW line by the MCU to convert the data supplied by the MCU into a multi-bit message configured to include all of the standard messages sent by the central controller. Incorporate. As a result, the extended slave device 8
0 is the central controller 7 via line 78 in response to an interface interrupt enable command sent from the central controller to the local extended slave device 80.
6 and bidirectional communication between the local MCU and data transfer. This interface is a digital IC80
Is valid until it receives a message containing an inhibit command, or until a command for a different local station appears. While device 80 is transmitting and receiving via line 78, a busy signal appears on line BUSYN to the MCU. For convenience of disclosure, it is assumed that the INCOM system has the local station in the extended slave relationship.

FIG. 23 shows the INCOM line 78 and Sure.
The relationship of Plus Chip SP is shown. A transmission / reception interface circuit TR is provided between the PCB connector J1 in the printed circuit board PCBB and the SP digital device IC80. This interface circuit is INCO
A message with M, a send signal TX (which is a message from the IC 80 sent to the personal computer PC via INCOM) or a receive signal (which is a message entering the local station and IC 80 addressed via INCOM). Involved in RX. FIG. 23 shows an MCU arranged in the center of the chip SP, supplied with a power source PS, and receiving a PCBA signal via a multiplexer MUX.
Is also shown. The printed circuit board PCB has EPROM, EEPROM (E2) and R for assisting the action of the MCU.
An AM device will also be provided.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing the circuit TR of FIG. This circuit TR is required because the logic state of the INCOM transmitted message (address and data fields) must match the equivalent logic state (based on the 5 volt voltage) in the SP chip. At the input, ie from connectors J1 and INCOM, lines 21 and 22 are the primary winding P of transformer TX2.
1 and the secondary winding S1 of the transformer TX2 is line 22
And 23 to the central circuit of the solid-state device Q2 (described below with reference to FIG. 25), the output line 24 carries the signal APOS and the output line 25 is one of the input analog signals on lines 20 and 21. Carry a signal ANEG that coincides with every other peak. Lines 24 and 25
Enters the chip SP and becomes a positive input and a negative input of the operational amplifier OA which outputs a signal AOUT which is a digital equivalent signal of the input analog signals of the lines 20 and 21 via the line 26. Line 26 inputs the received signal RX from the INCOM system to the IC80 device. Conversely, IC8
The line 27 from 0 transmits the digital signal TX from the printed circuit board PCBB, the signal TX being applied to the base electrode of the Q2 device, resulting in a 1 in response to the lines 28, 29 of the secondary winding S2 of the transformer TX2. Lines 20 and 21 of the secondary winding P1 supply signals to connectors J1 and INCOM.

FIG. 25 illustrates a circuit used as circuit TR in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Device Q
Reference numeral 2 is a 2N2222 transistor, which is provided in series with the secondary winding S2 of the TX2 between the resistor R20 and the ground A on the emitter electrode side and the 8V potential on the collector electrode side. Potential R on the side of the secondary winding S2
X (line 26), APOS (line 24), ANEG
(Line 25) and VREF (line 28) are output.

FIGS. 26-28 show Sure Plus in the center.
FIG. 6 is a detailed view of the circuit contained in the printed circuit board PCBB with Chip U1. Sure Plus Ch
ipU1 is a microprocessor (commercially available Model
87C257), 80 Pin Quad Fl
MC68 (at Motorola) which is at Package
HCO5CG Single-Chip Mode P
Based on inout. Sure Plus Ch
The ip U1 includes a Random Access Memory (RAM) associated with a microprocessor, which allows writing data to be stored and reading stored data. Sure Plus C
The hip also includes, for example, an EEPROM as a permanent memory element that is not erased even if a power failure occurs, that is, a programmable memory that can be electrically erased. U1 is Figure 2
It also includes the power supplies PS and A / D converters shown at 0 and 23.

FIGS. 26-28 show a device U that works with U1.
2 is an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) also shown in FIG. The purpose of the EPROM is to provide programmed memory for use by the central processing unit comprised by U1. U1 and U2 are the LO-
They communicate with each other via line 30 associated with the ADD field and the HI-ADD field. One is the address field and the other is the data field. An oscillator OSC is provided to set the timing of the digital processing sequence. This is detailed in the above-referenced patents, which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIGS. 26-28 show lines 26 and 27 carrying the receive signal RX and the transmit signal TX for INCOM.
And corresponding pins 80, 79 provided on U1 are also shown. The multiplexer MUX is indicated by the incoming stores MUX7 to MUXO (pins 52 to 59) corresponding to the signals VCN, VBN, VAN, IC, IB and IA respectively from the printed circuit board PCBA. Pins 24-34 correspond to logical bits formed between contacts 1-10 and contacts 11-20 as the local address of the associated user station. This address is identified by the MCU to match incoming or outgoing messages when the message must be received or sent. Pin 4
9, 48 and 47 are lines 26 and 2 shown in FIG.
5, 24 corresponding to signals RX, ANEG and AOS.
The power supply PS has a reference voltage VREF (pin 62) and a constant voltage A.
Provide VDD (pin 50).

The microprocessor uses the signal A sent to the EPROM by the MCU to be used as an "address latch enable" to recognize the associated address in the message.
Generate LE (pin 66). That is, PA7 to PA0 corresponding to HI-ADD in relation to EPROM, and L
The program is executed according to PB2 to PB6 corresponding to O-ADD. A / D conversion is performed in response to the multiplexer inputs (pins 51-60). The power supply output appears on pins 62 and 63. INCOM reception is pin 4
7 to 49, INCOM transmission is on pin 7
9, 80 and 1.

FIG. 29 shows V of connector J3 and chip AP.
Connections with AN, VBN, VCN, IA, IB, and IC reception pins are shown. FIG. 30 shows a power supply circuit starting from phase lines A and B corresponding to VA and VDD, respectively.

The circuit configuration of the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above. INCOM system and Sure P
The operation of the energy monitoring system of the present invention is described below in the context of the above-mentioned combination of lus Chips.

The primary function at the local station is to instantly calculate energy consumption. The calculation at this local station is based on sampling of the phase voltage and phase current. Power is V (voltage)
And I (current). E (energy) is the sum of the sampled products VA × IA, VB × IB, VC × IC. In the present invention, the sampling rules shown in Tables 1 and 2 below are preferably used. Sampling is performed in groups of 8 samples, each of which is referred to below as an octave. This octave, that is,
The individual samples of the group of 8 samples are numbered 0 to 7, with the odd numbered samples appearing 90 ° apart from the preceding even numbered samples and the even numbered samples from the preceding odd numbered samples. Each sample is triggered to appear 112.5 ° apart. Therefore, the first octave sequentially appears as shown in Table 1 below, and the angles in the table are the electrical angles of the sine wave corresponding to the voltage (VA, VB, VC) or the current (IA, IB, IC).

[0055]

[Table 1] 98. from one octave to the next.
It is also a sampling law that there is a delay of 4 °. Thus, if the first sample in the next octave starts at 01, then this first sample will appear 98.4 ° away from 00. Similarly, the next octave will start at 02, which corresponds to 2 × 98.4 ° = 196.8 °. Therefore, the 15 octaves that follow the octave in Table 1 appear as shown in Table 2 below:

[0056]

[Table 2] The same sampling process is repeated 16 octaves, ie, 128 samples in total, followed by 120.94 ° electrical angle delay.

As a result, eight samples of one octave are evenly distributed in the half cycle of the sine wave. This will be apparent from FIG. 31 which shows eight samples 00 to 7 in the first octave in a distributed form on the circumference of a triangular function circle. 01 appears at 98.4 °, representing a delay of 98.4 ° + 22.5 ° = 120.9 ° from the final sample 7 in the first octave. Similarly, each first sample in the following 15 octaves is 02 (19
6.8 °) to 015 (36 °). The samples in each octave are 22.5 ° (90
/ 4) and 45 ° (90/2).
Also, as shown by octaves 08 and 016, after 8 octaves, the sample for one octave is located on one of the first 90/4 scales. FIG. 32 (A)
Show 7 samples 1 to 7 of a group of 8 samples starting at zero crossing (0 °) in relation to the half cycle of the fundamental wave. The next octave is distributed among the samples in the preceding octave, as indicated by the number with a dash. FIG. 32B shows the corresponding half cycle.

As is apparent from these two figures, the sampling process results in a series of closely spaced samples along the sine wave, with maximum accuracy. This sampling is the three-phase voltage VA, VB, VC
And the three-phase currents IA, IB, and IC, respectively. The purpose of sampling the voltage and current for the local station by the microcomputer in the Plus Plus Chip and its associated circuitry is to instantly calculate the energy and demand accumulation at the local station, and the personal computer PC can obtain this information via INCOM. To be able to read or extract. Therefore, the printed circuit board PCBA is a part of the printed circuit board PCBB, the Sure Plus.
First, the analog signal input to the Chip SP is output, and the A / D conversion is performed by the microcomputer MCU in the Sure Plus Chip SP, and the product V × I is calculated continuously and instantaneously.

As shown in FIG. 33A, the input signal from the printed circuit board PCBA is derived from the midpoint of the two series resistors R1 and R2 connecting the input voltage VIN to ground. The output voltage V0 is the multiple pin (MUX
0, MUX1, MUX2, or MUX3). A / D conversion is performed on the sampled phase current. In this process, the circuit in the chip SP forms a return line to the ground. In this case, there are two possible situations. One is a high impedance input of the voltage source (as shown in FIG. 33B) and the other is a very low impedance input (of the current source) that causes a short circuit (as shown in FIG. 33C). .. In the first case, the chip SP operates in the voltage mode, and in the second case, it operates in the current mode.
In voltage mode, the chip operates from 0 to +2.5 volts. In current mode, maximum -1 from chip SP
A negative current of 600 microamps flows. If the input signal source is set so that the output impedance is 1.56 K ohm equal to full scale voltage / full scale current, both current mode and voltage mode can be used without supplementing the digit mover. This is illustrated in FIG. 33D (Thevenin equivalent circuit) and FIG. 33E (Norton equivalent circuit). As shown in FIG. 34, the chip SP is an MCU.
Is configured internally to immediately adopt a voltage mode or a current mode depending on whether the input is VIN (high input impedance) or IIn (short circuit input).

Multiple input (MUXO) and ground (GND)
The negative and positive inputs of the operational amplifier AMP1 configured for auto-zero operation are inserted therebetween. In the "current mode", the feedback loop between the operational amplifier output and the negative input includes the gate electrode G and the source electrode S of the FET device Q0, and when the VIN negative current flows from the chip SP with the input, the source The output of the amplifier is driven in the positive direction until the electrode S supplies a current equal to the VIN current and holds the input at zero V. This is a short circuit input,
That is, the "current mode". In the "voltage mode", the amplifier AMP1 and the FET device Q0 are suppressed,
The positive voltage appearing on pin MUX0 is translated by normal amplification by the second amplifier AMP2. In "voltage mode", the amplifier AMP2 provides a high impedance to VIN and draws almost no current from MUX0, so pin MUX0 is "zero" as in "current mode".
However, the input signal VIN is followed.

As is apparent from FIG. 35 showing all cycles of the fundamental wave, if the signal is positive (first half cycle), the operation is "voltage mode", and if the signal is negative (second half cycle), the operation is operation. Is "current mode". Although the relationship between the two operation modes and the chip SP has been described above, when the A / D conversion is performed, only the positive voltage of the phase voltage sample is used. It may or may not be negative. During current sampling, if the current is positive (the first half of the curve in FIG. 35), voltage mode A / D conversion is performed. If the current is negative,
As shown in FIG. 34, zero output is obtained in the "voltage mode".
Zero means the situation of "current mode", and as shown in FIG. 33 (C) or FIG.
/ D conversion is performed.

The analog voltage / current measurement system of FIG. 366 can accurately measure an input voltage of 0 to +2.5 V and an input current of 0 to -1.6 mA in voltage mode. In the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main components include:

-8-bit A / D converter-ADC; -Autoranging system A for input scaling
RS; -Autozero controller AZS connected to the input amplifiers AMP1 and AMP2; -8 channel input signal multiplexer (MUX0-
MUX7),-Four channels capable of reading current and voltage for phase current sampling; -Four channels used for voltage input only during phase voltage sampling; -Four or less sample and Hold voltage input.

All voltage inputs are A / D converter AD
It is buffered by the variable gain autoranging voltage amplifier AXP2 before being input to C. The gain of the voltage amplifier is automatically adjusted until the signal is at least half full scale, but not overflow. Voltage measurements can be made directly or by using the sample and hold (integral) method. sample·
The AND-HOLD measurement requires two adjacent input channels configured for "voltage mode" and an external capacitor. Four pairs of sample-and-hold input channels sample simultaneously.

When measuring a negative current, the amplifier AMP1
Are used and the operation is "current mode". Amplifier AM
P1 receives a negative current (ie, the current flowing from the input) and can be operated in integrating or non-integrating mode by connecting a capacitor or resistor (R23 in FIG. 27) to pin MX0. Amplifier AMP1 is configured to maintain the apparent inverting input at ground level by supplying current to a particular channel via an autoranging current source operating as a current mirror (CMR). The current flowing from the current source towards pin MX0 represents the programmable portion of the current flowing from the particular input channel. The other components shown in FIG. 23 are as follows: -Internal shunt regulator AVDD; -Supply monitor to notify external devices to prevent the shunt regulator AVDD from drawing any more current; -Adjustable bandgap voltage reference. A fixed bandgap voltage reference; the system of FIG. 36 is a Sure Plus C for A / D conversion in “voltage mode” or “current mode”.
It relates to the internal configuration of the hip and the microprocessor operating in this tip. In FIG. 36, the input currents IA, IB, IC (coming from lines 11, 12, 13 of the printed circuit board PCBA) and the corresponding multiple pins MUX0 to MU are shown.
Shown is X3 and MX0 connected to ground through resistor R23 (FIG. 19). Similarly, input voltage VA
Multiple pins MUX4 to M corresponding to N, VBN, and VCN
UX7 is shown. In the latter case, which is in "voltage mode", the input voltage VIN passes through line 30 to the operational amplifier A
Applied to the non-inverting input of MP2. The output is provided to line 32 as input to the A / D converter ADC via line 31 and switch SW2 occupying position # 1. The same thing happens for the input current when it is a "positive current" (switch SW2 remains in position # 1). However, if the input current is "negative", the operation is performed in "current mode". At this point, switches SW2 and SW1 occupy position # 2, MUX0-MUX.
The input current from 3 is supplied to the operational amplifier AM via the line 33.
Flow into P1.

Since the output of the line 34 is supplied to the gate electrode G of the FET device Q0, a negative current is drawn from the line 36 coming from the current mirror circuit via the line 35, the source electrode S and the drain electrode D. Accordingly, a corresponding current flows from the output of line 37, which is converted to a voltage by resistor R23 to ground and appears on pin MX0 and on line 321 as an input to the A / D converter ADC.

37, 38 and 39 are flow charts showing the operation of the MCU in the energy monitor at the local station, and the flow chart of FIG. 37 is the main routine. In step 100, the power supply is turned on, that is, Reset. Initialization is performed in step 101. In step 102, the system starts (“Begin”). Then in step 103, in connection with the communication of information, "IMPAC
A C "buffer is formed. In step 104,
The system calls INCOM. Next step 105
At, NVRAM (endurance RAM) is updated. ROM is checked in step 106, step 1
In 07, "deadman control" known as the action of Sure Plus (SP) is performed.

The system shown in the flowchart of FIG.
This is an interrupt routine executed for Hz operation. As mentioned above, the sampling is performed over the two cycles of the sequence 1200, 900, 1120, 900, 112.
0,900,1120,90,1200 Step 11
At 0, the "P timer" is loaded. The P-timer is software that works in conjunction with the internal timer of the microprocessor MCU and is programmed to set the time interval of interrupts in the sampling sequence shown in Tables 1 and 2 above for consecutive octaves. In step 111, the "sampling" routine is called. Then in step 112 the question "Is this an odd sample number?" Is presented. If yes, the flow proceeds through step 112 'to step 113 where the P timer is set to 90 ° and in step 113' an input to NVRAM (permanent RAM) is made. Then, through 114, the process proceeds to step 115 and returns.

If the answer in step 112 is no,
Proceeding through 116 to step 117, the question "Is this the 8th sample?" Is presented. If the answer is no, go through 118 to step 119, set the P timer to 112.5 °, go through 114 to step 115, and return. If the answer is yes, go through step 120 to step 121 and set the P timer to 120.94 °. Then proceed to step 122 and the question "Is this the last sample in the 16th octave?" Is presented. If the answer is no, then go through line 123 and 114 to step 115 and return. If the answer is yes, proceed through line 124 to step 125, where it is commanded to scale the energy for each phase and sum to give a total energy value. Then, in step 126, the question is asked, "Whether the KW-H (kilowatt hour) integer LS byte (least significant bit) has been rolled over". If yes, go through line 132 to step 133 where KW-H is stored and return at step 115. If the answer in step 126 is no, it proceeds to step 115 and returns.

The flow chart of the sampling routine shown in FIG. 39 is as follows: Step 150 is the step associated with phase A of the voltage, "Voltage VA to A / D".
"Convert and store the result." The next step 151 is the step relating to phase A of the current and is instructed to "A / D convert IA in voltage mode". In 152, the question “IA A
Is the / D conversion result zero? 34. As already mentioned, this question means, as is apparent from FIG. 34, whether the detected current was zero or negative. If yes, go through line 153 to step 154. Then, the user is instructed to “A / D convert IA in current mode.” Then, in step 155, the sampling value is used to calculate IA × VA / 256 + “EO”.
It is instructed to calculate A ″, where the energy accumulated in the accumulator is divided by the number 256 for scaling purposes only. Assuming 8 bits,
Multiplication causes too many bits. Therefore, the division by 16 × 16 = 256 is adopted.

The system then proceeds to line 156. If the result of step 152 is NO, go to step 158 through line 157 and go from "EOA" to IA x VA / 2.
56 is instructed to be subtracted ("EOA" is the accumulated energy in the buffer register, again divided by 256 for scaling purposes only). Subtraction takes into account the minus sign of IA in the product IA × VA. A minus sign is given to the phase current conversion in the "voltage mode", and a plus sign is given to the phase current conversion in the "current mode". In each case, the system provides the latest energy value. In consideration of the symmetry, step 159 is also the same step as step 154, and “A / D converts IA in current mode”.
To be instructed.

This step is unnecessary as an execution step, but since it is parallel to step 154, extra time is required to match the other side. Therefore, 2
One process path converges in time at 156, from which the system repeats the same steps as above for Phase B. That is, at this stage 156, the energy calculation for Phase A is complete. Phase B
Step 156 to Step 166 are performed in the same manner as the series of steps described above (A / D conversion and storage of voltage VB in Step 160; A of IB in current mode in Step 161).
/ D conversion; test whether IB's A / D conversion result is zero in step 162; if yes, current mode IB's A / D conversion in step 164 on one side of the routine, then I in step 165
Calculation of B × VB / 256 + “EOB”; if no, calculation of step 168 “EOB” -IB × VB / 256 on the opposite side, then I in current mode at step 169
A / D conversion of B).

Next, steps 166 to 176.
The same sequence of steps is performed for Phase C throughout. That is, 1) A / A of voltage VC in step 170
D conversion and storage are instructed, and in step 171, A / D conversion of the current IC in the voltage mode is instructed; 2).
A / D conversion of the current mode IC is indicated in step 174 (depending on whether the IC is zero or non-zero in step 172), then step 175.
IC × VC / 256 + “EOC” NO calculation is instructed in step 179, or “EOC” in step 179.
The calculation of IC × VC / 256 is indicated, and then in step 180 the A / D conversion of the IC in current mode is indicated (as was done for the other two phases). Step 17 on either side through line 176
Return at 7. As is clear from the steps of the flowchart of FIG. 39, after A / D conversion in the ADC (FIG. 36), phase A is VA and IA, phase B
For VB and IB, for Phase C VC and I
An 8-bit sample of C is obtained, the energy is calculated for each phase from these samples, and the three phases are summed to give the following result: E = ΣVA × IA + ΣVB × IB + ΣVC × IC (1) It is constantly stored and accumulated to give the current total consumption of the local station. This task is performed by the backpack unit at each local user's station, and the personal computer PC station draws the results from all local stations at any time to calculate the individual charges. Central stations, such as personal computers and PC stations, use this result to monitor total energy consumption by also referring to the total meter of the power company.

It is also necessary to know the energy gradient, ie the demand corresponding to energy / time. For example, every 5 minutes, the personal computer PC station calculates the energy consumed during this time interval. Every five minutes with a snapshot, the personal computer PC station directs the individual local stations to simultaneously remember their current energy consumption. Between the two snapshots, the central station sequentially
Read all the stored energy consumptions from the stations and determine the difference between the latest value and the previous value for each local station. This difference is the energy consumed at the local station for 5 minutes or the demand for 5 minutes. This difference is then time-stamped and user-stamped by the central station and stored for use in "demand" cost allocation calculations between local users.

As a general method of central monitoring of energy based on the device and system described above for one local user station, the stations store the total amount of energy consumed at any given time and the personal computer PC station It is only necessary to read the results sequentially from each station. However, the information polling from the local user's backpack unit must be "synchronized" to match the reading on the utility's gross meter. The present invention solves this problem from a PC or central station rather than from a remote station.

It is known from US Pat. No. 4,692,761 to send power consumption data from a remote station to a central unit, where the total energy consumption is measured in relation to a central meter.

The known art suggests the need for authentic messages and authentic communication to enable effective communication. For this reason, periodic data transfer to the central unit is adopted, but this method may also lead to error information due to local malfunction. Combining the exact time relationship between local station energy consumption with the reliable messages sent and received requires significant interaction between the central and remote units. Therefore, it is not necessary to synchronize the local demand and energy calculation at the remote stations, and each local station only stores the current energy consumption cumulative for each local station under the command from the central station called "snapshot". I suggest a good method. Allowing the passivity of remote stations to constantly assess local energy consumption,
Intervening snapshots from the central unit allow for proper timing that is easier to operate than synchronizing remote stations.

FIG. 41 shows five personal computer PC stations.
3 shows an energy monitoring system that sends commands to remember energy consumption every minute. This command is I
It is transmitted to each remote station ST # 1, ST # 2, ..., ST # n via the NCOM system, and at each station (may be unnecessary after the first command, but always all local stations are When a command is received), the cumulative energy consumption at present as shown in FIG. 41 for one station (station #n) is stored for each local station. That is, the multiplexer MUX of the station #n outputs the signals IA, IB, IC, VA, V.
B, VC and these signals are sent from the sampler SMP to line 40, which is triggered by line 39 from the P timer, in accordance with the sampling rules of Tables 1 and 2 as described above in connection with the flow chart of FIG.
And 41 are sampled under the control signal provided via.

As described in connection with FIG. 36, the sampled signal is also activated by the sampler SMP (via lines 40 and 42) A / D.
It is supplied to the converter ADC via line 32.
The digital signal output on line 44 is supplied to the multiplier MLT, which under control of the control signal on line 40 outputs the value IV on line 45 via line 43. The adder SUM is a sampled sum of 3 phases.
The energy value IVS is delivered via line 46, which is the total accumulated energy count in the ACCU.
This total energy value is the newly sampled IVS
Constantly updated by the quantity. The latest total energy value is output on line 47, gated by gate GT, and then input on line 48 to the storage register STE. Here, control by the personal computer PC station is performed. At this point, each station has the latest total energy consumption Ei in its register ACCU.
Are summed up.

P via line 50 via INCOM
When the snapshot command SNP is received from the C station, the gate GT of the addressed station is interrupt enabled via line 50. At the same time, the latest value Ei is transferred to the register STE via the line 48.
Memorized in. The same is done at each station simultaneously. Then PC via line 51
The stations sequentially store the amount stored in the STE for each station, eg, stations 1, 2 ,.
-Read in the order of n. Here the PC station is Ei
Is compared with the latest received data Ei-1 to know for each station the amount of energy gain within a 5 minute time interval separating two consecutive gate commands by line 50 of the particular station. Based on Ei-E (i-1), the PC station calculates demand = Ei-E (i-1). In many cases, this calculation is communicated to the energy monitoring stations # 1, # 2, ... #n P
This is performed by the software represented by the block diagram of FIG. 42 showing the C station. Energy monitoring by PC is performed according to the flowcharts of FIGS. 43, 44 and 45.

In the flowchart of FIG. 43, step 20
Start at 0 and go through line 201 to step 202
Proceed to to determine if a time interval of typically 5 minutes has started. If no, then through line 203 the system proceeds to step A and receives via line 204 the result of the routine of FIG. 27B.
The system then proceeds to step 205 where background tasks are performed in the remaining free time.
Then return through line 206 to line 201, where a new time interval is entered. Step 202
If the determination at is yes at line 208, the system proceeds to step 208 and energy polling from all stations is initiated at the same time. Proceed to step 210 through line 209, where INC
"Snapshot" of the energy accumulated at the present time or the "instantaneous value" of the energy accumulated at each station to the local station via OM
A command to send is sent. However, redundancy is utilized at this stage by setting the remaining time of about a few milliseconds as dead time in step 213 to obtain a true and valid command effect, and then line 214
Proceeding to step 215, another "snapshot" command is sent from line 216 via INCOM to the local station.

Individual polling is then performed from all stations to see the cumulative value and check if a valid energy value is required.
This routine starts at line 217 and
The station number i is addressed, step 218
I is set to 1. Then step 22
The count is incremented by one at step 227 until the total number n of local stations at 0 is reached.
When i = n in step 220, the system proceeds through line 221 to a new series of n stations for polling (line 22 of the routine of FIG. 44).
2). If the system is still polling for stations, go to step 224 via line 223 (from step 220), the timer is initialized to zero for the station being addressed, and the accumulated energy at the local station The system proceeds to the routine of FIG. 45 through line 225 in order to know, and if necessary, to check the validity of the received information and, if not, call back.

Step 226 of the flow chart of FIG. 43.
Cooperates with the flowchart of FIG. 45 described later. In step 220, when each i value is increased by 1 until n is reached and energy information is collected for all stations, a new polling command is given to a new time interval (5 minutes). Once the energy information for all stations has been collected (Y shown on line 221), the system proceeds to line 222 in FIG. 44 for station polling. Step 22
If no at 0, then through line 223 the system proceeds to step 226 which is the routine shown in FIG.

In step 226 of FIG. 43, polling is performed to calculate the energy at each station. In step 230, i = 1 is initialized. That is, the first station is addressed. Before proceeding to the next station (i = i + 1 in step 240), it is determined in step 236 whether the received energy is valid. If yes, line 24
Go to the next station through 1 (until all stations are processed, i.e., n is reached in step 232), i is incremented by 1 in step 240. Once all stations have been processed, line 23
Via 3, the system proceeds to step 234 to determine if the 5 minute time interval has elapsed.
If yes, the system returns to step A of FIG. 43, and if no, proceeds from step 236 through line 237 to the flow chart routine of FIG. If the energy is correctly received on line 239, the system proceeds to step 234.

(From step 226 of FIG. 43, line 22
The flow chart is through step 25 in FIG. 45.
0, local station status request is I
Sent via NCOM. Then, in step 251, the question "Is the addressed station answered?" Is presented. If no, step 252
This fact is confirmed at, and line 253 is followed to step 254 for return. Step 251
If yes, then in step 255 it is determined whether the condition is "alarm". If yes, then this is confirmed in step 257, through lines 258 and 253 to step 254 and a return. If it is detected in step 255 that it is not an alarm, then in step 260 it is determined "whether an energy ready condition was obtained". If yes, the station is required to return energy (kilowatt hours) via INCOM via line 262.

If the answer in step 263 is affirmative, then KWH is determined in step 264 and recognized as valid in step 265, line 266.
To proceed to step 254 and return. If the answer in step 263 is no, in step 267 it is confirmed that the state is unknown and line 268.
To proceed to step 254 and return. If no in step 260, the system proceeds to step 26.
Request a new request to the station (via line 270) at 9. In this case, the timer sets a time delay in step 272 before returning to step 254 through line 273.

In yet another embodiment, the energy
The monitoring system can be redesigned to individually monitor the user's current, voltage and power demands. 46-50 are flowcharts illustrating an example of an energy monitor system firmware that allows a user to monitor individual current, voltage, and power consumption. Referring particularly to FIGS. 46 and 47, this flow chart calculates and obtains the average power of each phase at 301 prior to issuing a command to scale and sum the energy of each phase at 125 to bill for energy. It has been modified to give a command to scale and store the value. Then, after the energy calculation command, a command for calculating and scaling and storing the RMS value of current and voltage of each phase in 303, a command for calculating and scaling and storing apparent power of each phase in 305, and a command of each phase in 307. This is followed by a command to calculate, scale and store reactive power, and a command to calculate and store the power factor at 309.

Referring to FIGS. 48-50, the flow chart of the sample routine is the A / D conversion of the current IA in the current mode in 151 'and its storage, and 15
If the result of the A / D conversion of 1'is equal to 0, it is modified so that the A / D conversion of the current IA in the voltage mode at 154 'and its storage are possible. Similarly, in phases B and C, A of current IB in current mode at 161 '
A / D conversion and its storage, and if the result of the A / D conversion of 161 'is equal to 0, the A / D conversion of the current IB in the voltage mode at 164' and its storage is possible, and the current at 171 ' A / D conversion of the current IC in the mode and its storage, and the current I in the voltage mode at 174 'if the result of the A / D conversion of 171' is equal to 0.
It has been modified to allow A / D conversion of C and its storage.

Referring to FIG. 50, when the voltage and current values of each phase are converted and stored, a command is issued to square, sum, and store the values used for the above-described RMS and power calculations. Specifically, a command is issued at 311 to sum and store IA x IA for each path, and similar commands are issued at 313, 315 for total currents IB and IC. A command to sum and store VA x VA for each path is issued at 317, and similar commands are issued at 319, 321 for total voltages VB and VC. The calculated values are each divided by 256 for scaling. Then, at 323, a common return command is issued. As is apparent from the last step of the flow chart, samples of VA and IA for phase A and VB for phase B after A / D conversion.
And IB samples, and for Phase C VC and I
Samples of C are taken and the power values are calculated for each phase from these samples and the three phases are summed.

With respect to the calculated energy values, the monitoring of power, current and voltage is carried out by the backpack units of all stations for various local users, the results of which are obtained by the personal computer station via the communication network described above. It is ready to be collected from all stations at any time. It can be used to monitor overall electrical demand at a personal computer station, or any other selected station. As described above, and as shown in FIG. 51, the sampled signal is applied by line 32 to the A / D converter ADC which is operated according to the sampler by lines 40, 42. The output digital signal on line 44 is sent to the processor 325, where the energy, power, RMS voltage and RMS current values are extracted. These values are constantly updated with the amount obtained by new sampling, and a snapshot command is issued via line 50 to accumulate these values. Since the accumulated value is output on the line 51n,
It is accessible to the network by software command from line 50. As mentioned above, the central computer station has the ability to individually poll the stations for collecting information stored in registers.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a distribution board device incorporating an energy monitoring system of the present invention, which is connected to a plurality of circuit breakers belonging to a local user through individual backpack units. is there.

2A and 2B are a front view and a top view, respectively, of the circuit breaker shown in FIG.

3 is a partial view (A), (B) and (C) of a front view, a top view and a side view, respectively, of the backpack unit shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 (B) showing the backpack unit in the state of being connected to the circuit breaker.

FIG. 5 is a front view of one of the circuit breakers shown in FIG. 1, in which two opposite terminals are respectively connected to the incoming and outgoing cable lines, and the associated backpack unit is provided on the outgoing cable line side of the local load. The plugged-in state is shown.

FIG. 5 is a top view of one of the circuit breakers shown in FIG.

7 is a front view showing a part of the backpack unit shown in FIG. 1 similarly to FIG. 3 (A),
Partial view (B) is a cross-sectional view of the backpack unit of partial view (A).

FIG. 8 is another cross-sectional view of the backpack unit of FIG. 7 (A).

9 is a partial view (A) of FIG. 3 and FIG. 7 in which a cable line is provided in the vicinity of a rim of a printed circuit board that axially penetrates.
9 is a front view showing the ears of the backpack unit shown in FIG. 8, and the partial view (B) is a sectional view corresponding to the partial view (A).

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the two printed circuit boards of FIG. 1 in a juxtaposed state.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of a backpack unit surrounding two printed circuit boards, with the printed circuit boards side by side.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of a backpack unit surrounding two printed circuit boards in a folded and assembled state.

13 is an exploded view of the backpack unit and the bottom casing of its cover with the functional unit of FIG. 12 sandwiched;

14A and 14B are perspective views showing the bottom casing and the cover used in the backpack unit of FIG. 13 separately.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing mechanical and electrical connections within a backpack unit.

FIG. 16 shows a personal computer PC with a plurality of slave backpack units each connected or connected with a corresponding circuit breaker belonging to a local user.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an energy monitoring system of the present invention connected to an operator control station, monitored via a common communication line, and optionally incorporating a data collection station.

FIG. 17 is an exploded view showing the face-to-face relationship of both printed circuit boards forming an interface between the circuit breaker terminal sensing means and the lower link means of the personal computer PC communication line between both printed circuit boards in the backpack unit. It is a figure.

FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing current and voltage sensing means included in a printed circuit board of a transducer.

19 is a circuit diagram showing an internal circuit of the printed circuit board of FIG.

FIG. 20 is a simplified diagram showing the basic operation performed digitally by a printed circuit board connected to an INCOM communication line leading to a personal computer PC.

FIG. 21 is an overall view of the energy monitor system of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing a backpack unit of the present invention provided so as to have an extended mode slave relationship with an INCOM communication line leading to a personal computer PC.

FIG. 23 is a configuration diagram showing a connection between a digital printed circuit board of a backpack unit and an INCOM communication line via a Sure Plus Chip.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the INCOM communication line and S of FIG.
It is a block diagram which shows the interface between ure Plus Chips.

FIG. 25 shows a circuit used to implement the circuit of FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram showing a part of the digital printed circuit of the backpack unit of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram showing a part of the digital printed circuit of the backpack unit of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram showing a part of the digital printed circuit of the backpack unit of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a block diagram illustrating a connector for receiving signals from current and voltage printed circuit boards in the circuits of FIGS. 26-28.

FIG. 30 is a circuit diagram of a power supply circuit in the circuit board of FIGS. 26-28.

FIG. 31 is an illustration showing eight samples that make up the first octave distributed circumferentially under the sampling process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

32A is a graph showing the distribution of two consecutive sample octaves in half cycles, and FIG. 32B is a graph showing the corresponding fundamental half cycle.

FIG. 33 is a partial view (A) showing an interface between an input signal and a chip SP; partial views (B) and (C) showing an A / D.
Voltage and current mode operation of the chip during the conversion process; partial views (D) and (E) are equivalent circuits corresponding to both modes.

FIG. 34 is a circuit of a chip SP that switches from a voltage mode to a current mode according to an input signal.

FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram showing fundamental waves corresponding to both modes.

36 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit provided in the chip SP of FIG. 26 for performing the current and voltage modes of FIGS. 33 (B) and 33 (C).

FIG. 37 is a flow chart showing the operation of the energy monitor system in sampling current and voltage, calculating energy, and accumulating total current energy at the user station according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a flow chart showing the operation of the energy monitor system in sampling current and voltage, calculating energy, and accumulating total current energy at the user station according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the energy monitoring system in sampling current and voltage, calculating energy, and accumulating total energy at the user station according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a flow chart showing the operation of the energy monitor system in sampling current and voltage, calculating energy, and accumulating the total current energy at the user station according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a block diagram showing a snapshot operation from a personal computer PC station in the energy monitor system of the present invention.

FIG. 42 is an overall block diagram of an energy monitor system.

43 is a flow chart illustrating operation of the energy monitoring system of FIGS. 41 and 42. FIG.

FIG. 44 is a flow chart illustrating operation of the energy monitoring system of FIGS. 41 and 42.

FIG. 45 is a flow chart illustrating operation of the energy monitoring system of FIGS. 41 and 42.

FIG. 46 is a flow chart showing operation of an energy monitor system at a user station for sampling current and voltage and calculating energy, RMS current and voltage values, average power, apparent power, reactive power and power factor. Is part of.

FIG. 47 is a flow chart showing the operation of an energy monitor system at a user station to sample current and voltage and calculate energy, RMS current and voltage values, average power, apparent power, reactive power and power factor. Is part of.

FIG. 48 is a flow chart showing the operation of an energy monitor system at a user station to sample current and voltage and calculate energy, RMS current and voltage values, average power, apparent power, reactive power and power factor. Is part of.

FIG. 49 is a flow chart showing the operation of an energy monitor system at a user station to sample current and voltage and calculate energy, RMS current and voltage values, average power, apparent power, reactive power and power factor. Is part of.

FIG. 50 is a flow chart showing the operation of an energy monitor system at a user station to sample current and voltage and calculate energy, RMS current and voltage values, average power, apparent power, reactive power and power factor. Is part of.

FIG. 51 is a block diagram illustrating operation of a computer station operating with an energy monitoring system.

[Explanation of symbols]

 PC Personal computer CB Circuit breaker BPU Backpack unit PNB Distribution board INCOM Two-way communication line PCBA, PCBB Printed circuit board

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification number Internal reference number FI Technical indication location H02J 3/00 Z 8021-5G H04Q 9/00 301 A 7170-5K (72) Inventor Robert Tracy Elms United States Monroville Hartwood Drive 735 (72) Inventor Joseph Charles Engel United States Monroville Overhead Circle 107 (72) Inventor Frank Clancher United States Pittsburgh Satellite Circle 1255 (72) Inventor Thomas Joseph Kenny Pittsburgh Bar Harbor Drive, Pennsylvania, United States 717 (72) Inventor Clydeau Peterson, USA Pittsburgh, PA, Pittsburgh Mount Food Drive, 933 (72) Inventor, Dennis Armin Muller, Asheville, Ballantry Drive, North Carolina, USA 83 (72), Richard Barnesbell, USA Pittsburgh, Morton Road, PA 2525 (72), Inventor Robert Lee Cather United States Pennsylvania Turtle Creek Brown Ave 611 Apartment 207

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. An energy monitor for calculating a distribution of power consumption at a plurality of load stations, each connected individually to a common main AC line via a corresponding circuit breaker behind a common power meter. In the system, a personal computer is arranged in the center, and at each load station, first analog means for sensing the voltage from the main AC line to form an analog voltage signal, and sensing the current from the main AC line system Second analog means for forming an analog current signal, an analog / digital means for converting the voltage and current signals into digital voltage and current signals, respectively, and instantaneously combining the digital voltage and current signals for energy consumption A means for forming a signal representing an integral value of A two-way digital communication means is provided to form a data highway between the two, and the personal computer uses the two-way communication means at regular time intervals to address each load station first and at the same time, and the total energy consumption. Memory, then all the stations are individually addressed and polled individually to cause the storage volume to be sent to the PC, during which the PC continues for the current time interval following the previous time interval. By calculating the difference between the instantaneous energy values received by each load station and the demand for the current time interval, the energy consumption and demand at any load station for each time interval is confirmed by the personal computer, and the meter is based on this. Regularly individual in relation to As an invoice is created, energy monitoring system characterized in that it is configured as part of a CMOS Monorikku circuit in each of the system of the load station. 2. The energy monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the load station is operated in extended slave mode and the associated CMOS monolithic circuit includes a local microcomputer as part of the coupling means. The personal computer asynchronously and asynchronously sends an interrupt signal to the plurality of coupling means via the communication means to interrupt its operation and start an inquiry time for searching the integrated value signal. An energy monitoring system characterized by: 3. The energy monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein the communication means is a common digital system.
A part of the CMOS monolithic circuit including a data highway and a plurality of local bidirectional gate means, the digital data highway connecting a local load station in series starting from a personal computer, and the local bidirectional gate means corresponding thereto. When the personal computer receives the data representing the integrated value signal of each local station and a state where the personal computer can use this data occurs, two-way communication is performed, and the coupling means connects the common data highway. An energy monitoring system characterized in that the master bidirectional gate means communicates via the data highway language via the personal computer and the common data highway to translate the computer language into the data highway language. .. 4. The energy monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein the CMO of each load station.
At least one for passing the S monolithic circuit through at least one of the main AC lines to the corresponding breaker
An energy monitor system characterized by being mounted on a printed circuit board with two central holes. 5. The energy monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the first and second analog means include:
A backpack unit including the CMOS monolithic circuit and a printed circuit board associated therewith, the backpack unit being attached to a circuit breaker at each local load station, and at least one of the main AC lines being Penetrating the backpack unit, each local load station includes a current transducer means as the second analog means of the backpack unit, the current transducer means electromagnetically coupled to the one line therethrough. To generate the analog current signal, the first current of the backpack unit
A printed circuit board having at least one hole through which analog means is directly connected to a corresponding circuit breaker to derive the analog voltage signal and to pass through the corresponding one of the main AC lines to the backpack unit. An energy monitoring system, characterized in that it is provided separately and holds the transducer means. 6. The energy monitoring system according to claim 5, wherein the backpack unit comprises:
A blade attached to the at least one hole and electrically connected to the separate printed circuit board to generate the voltage signal; the blade when the backpack unit is attached to a circuit breaker, The one main AC
One end of the line and its corresponding terminal of the circuit breaker are integrally coupled to transfer the voltage and current signals from the separate printed circuit board to the one printed circuit board; Energy, characterized in that the two printed circuit boards are mounted parallel to each other in the backpack unit such that the at least one hole of each printed circuit board is aligned with each other with the backpack unit in between.・ Monitor system. 7. The energy monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein energy is periodically applied to each of the load stations by controlling the analog / digital means and the digital combining means.
Sampling means for generating a sample is provided, and the stored energy value is derived from the energy sample under the simultaneous command from the personal computer; and the accumulated energy instantaneous value corresponding to each time interval set by the personal computer. The sampling means sequentially obtains eight samples according to the following law so that samples having excellent correlation and uniformly distributed over the entire fundamental wave of the sensed phase current and phase voltage are obtained. Energy monitoring system featuring: first octave (8) electrical angle octave number (using Table 1) followed by 15 pairs of octave (8) electrical angle octave number (using Table 2) 8. A backpack for use with an existing local circuit breaker having a molded case, at least one terminal ear for connecting to an input terminal line cable, and at least one terminal ear for connecting to an output load line. A unit in which the backpack unit is attachable to the circuit breaker; transducer means mounted in the housing for forming analog signals representative of line cable current and voltage; and in the housing Means for converting the analog signal into a digital signal to form a digital signal representing the power consumption of the local station. 9. The backpack unit according to claim 8, further comprising communication means provided in the housing for transmitting the digital signal representing the power consumption of the local station to a remote information collecting device; A backpack unit comprising storage means provided in the housing for storing, for each station, the digital signal representing the power consumption of the local station in cooperation with the communication means. 10. The backpack unit according to claim 8, comprising a pair of printed circuit boards, wherein said digital means, storage means and communication means are provided on one of said printed circuit boards and said transducer means is provided on the other side. A backpack unit attached to each of the printed circuit boards, wherein holes are formed in the housing and the pair of printed circuit boards so as to be aligned with each other. 11. The backpack unit according to claim 10, wherein the housing is located near the alignment hole and is connected to the transducer means to cooperate with a terminal female ear of the circuit breaker. The transducer means includes a current transducer surrounding the alignment hole of the other printed circuit board, and the communication means transmits the digital signal representative of power consumption of a local station to the remote information gathering device. Backpack unit comprising a lower link module encoding into a digital message format for 12. A backpack unit for use with an existing local circuit breaker having a molded case, at least one terminal female ear for connecting with an incoming terminal line cable and an outgoing line for connecting with a local load station, wherein: 2 having at least one central alignment hole that is arranged in parallel with each other so as to be orthogonal to the breaker input terminal line cable and through which the input terminal line cable passes
A plurality of printed circuit boards, one of the printed circuit boards including transducer means for forming analog signals representative of the current and voltage of the terminal line cable;
The other printed circuit board means for converting the analog signal into a digital signal, and means for responding to the digital signal, forming a digital signal representative of the power consumption of the local station via the terminal line cable.
A pair of printed circuit boards are connected to send the analog signal from the one printed circuit board to the other printed circuit board, the connector means outputting a digital signal representing the power consumption. A housing of the pair of printed circuit boards having corresponding alignment center holes includes male ears embedded therein for connecting to the transducer means, the male ears projecting outside the housing;
When the housing is attached to the molded case of the existing circuit breaker, the molded case of the circuit breaker is connected to the terminal female ear of the circuit breaker and protrudes in a plane orthogonal to the input terminal line cable in the plane of the printed circuit board. A backpack unit having a cross-sectional area equal to or less than the cross-sectional area. 13. The backpack unit according to claim 12, further comprising a bidirectional communication line means connected to a personal computer and the other printed circuit board, the personal computer asynchronously communicating with the digital means in a digital manner. To start the operation of the signal forming means and to output the power consumption signal, and the communication line means converts the power consumption signal into a digitally encoded value of the local station power consumption.
A backpack unit including a module, wherein the digitally encoded value is provided with a message format for asynchronous serial transmission via the communication line means. 14. The backpack unit according to claim 13, wherein said personal computer instantaneously drives said lower link module via said communication line means to start derivation of an instantaneous value of said local station power consumption. Backpack unit characterized by addressing to. 15. An electrical monitoring system for use on an AC line, comprising a circuit breaker that can be installed on the AC line, and an opening that can be attached to the circuit breaker and that can penetrate the AC line. Having and said AC on it
Transducer means for deriving an analog signal representative of the current and voltage of the AC line in cooperation with the line, analog / digital means for converting the analog signal to a digital signal, and electrical measurement values from the digital signal. A backpack unit with attached processing means calculated, a remote monitoring device for retrieving the calculated electrical measurements, a data highway between the backpack unit and the remote monitoring device A monitoring system consisting of two-way digital communication means linked to form a.