JPH05141975A - Survey measurement standard and surveying method utilizing it - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a device and the method allowing one person to perform the survey work at a survey site. CONSTITUTION:A survey measurement standard 1 is combined with prisms reflecting parallel beams in opposite directions into a spherical icosahedron, and a reflector 2 reflecting the infrared beams or laser beams from all directions is arranged. For the surveying method utilizing it, two or more reference points are installed near the survey area, and the distance and angle between the reference points are measured in advance as coordinates. The survey measurement standards 1 reflecting the infrared beams from all directions are installed on the reference points. A range finder capable of measuring the range is installed on a measurement point, two of the reference points are selected, distances from them are measured, and the position of the measurement point is determined from the distance L0 between the reference points and the distances l1, l2 between the reference points and the measurement point. The survey can be performed by one person, efficiency is improved, and the labor shortage can be resolved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surveying method and device for measuring land and topography such as fields, residential land, and land reclamation. More specifically, the present invention relates to a surveying method that enables a person to go to a surveying site and make accurate surveys by himself. A method and an apparatus therefor are provided.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, two people in a set measure land, topography, etc., one of whom stands at a measuring point with a pole with a mirror attached, and the other person takes a transit or a distance measurement. Angles and distances are read by a ceremonial device, etc., and the measured results are used to calculate the actual area, calculate the area, and calculate the position of the measuring point. The instrument is also improved in labor saving by improving the transit etc. so that the measured data is automatically calculated.
However, even with this improved machine / equipment, it is the same as before that two people must always make a pair in a surveying work, and this work is a port that knows the order of connecting the measuring points. Le Mans and an observer who is familiar with surveying instruments must be engineers with specialized knowledge, and if one is lacking due to illness or work, there are many inconveniences, such as the other being unable to work. there were. In addition, the shortage of manpower has become serious, it took time to train engineers, and there was a demand for measures to improve the efficiency of surveying work.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned circumstances, and is intended to develop a method and an apparatus using the method, which enables a person to go to a surveying place and perform an accurate work. is there.

[0004]

The surveying standard instrument of the present invention comprises:
A prism type reflector for reflecting parallel rays in the opposite direction is spherically combined to form an icosahedron, and a reflector for reflecting infrared rays or laser rays from all directions is arranged. Another mode is to form an octahedron by combining prism type reflectors that reflect parallel rays in opposite directions into an octahedron and reflect infrared rays or laser rays from a direction surrounded by 360 °. It is characterized by the arrangement of vessels. Then, the surveying method of the present invention using the reference device is: a) installing two or more reference points in the vicinity of the survey area or in a position where the survey point can be seen in the area, and measuring the distance and angle between the reference points. Measure and coordinate in advance, b) install a surveying reflector that reflects infrared rays or laser rays from all directions or directions surrounded by 360 ° on the reference point, and c) measure. Install a rangefinder that can measure the distance by emitting infrared rays or laser rays on the points, and select two points from the above reference points,
The distances l ₁ and l ₂ between the reference point and the measurement point are measured, and d) the distance L ₀ between the reference points and the distance l ₁ between the reference point and the measurement point,
The position of the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the measuring point is obtained from the three sides of l ₂ , and e) the measuring point is moved, the same survey as above is overlapped, and the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of each measuring point. It is characterized by sequentially obtaining. To obtain the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the measurement point, cosγ = L ₀ ² + l ₂ from the measured distance L ₀ between the reference points and the distances l ₁ and l ₂ between the reference point and the measurement point. ² −l ₁ ² / 2L ₀ l ₂ is obtained, and this is substituted into X _P1 = l ₁ cos (α ₁ + γ) + X _k1 Y _P1 = l ₁ sin (α ₁ + γ) + Y _k1 to measure X The position of the axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate is obtained.

[0005]

In the reference device of the present invention, prism type reflectors are combined in a spherical shape to form an icosahedron, and parallel rays from all directions are reflected in the opposite directions. Therefore, no matter which direction the rangefinder is used, it is emitted. It reflects infrared rays or laser rays and makes it possible to measure them. Also, since the prism-shaped reflectors are combined into a ring and formed into an octahedron, the reflectors reflect in the direction surrounded by 360 °, so if a rangefinder is used in that range, infrared rays or a laser beam will be emitted. -Reflects light rays and is adequate for normal surveying. Utilizing the above reflector, the surveying method of the present invention,
Standing in the vicinity of the survey area or at a position where the survey point can be seen in the area, measure the distance and angle between the set reference points in advance,
This is converted into coordinates. Then, the distance between the reference point K ₁ and the reference point B ₁ and the distance l ₂ is measured using a rangefinder capable of radiating infrared rays or laser rays to measure the distance. .. Then, from the distance L ₀ between the reference points and the distances l ₁ and l ₂ between the reference points and the measurement points, cosγ = L ₀ ² + l ₂ ² −l ₁ ² / 2L ₀ l ₂ is obtained, and this is given by X _P1 = L ₁ cos (α ₁ + γ) + X _k1 Y _P1 = l ₁ sin (α ₁ + γ) + Y _k1 can be substituted to obtain the positions of the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the measurement point. At this time, the above-mentioned reflector capable of reflecting in all directions allows the observer to measure the distance between the measurement point and the reference point at any position.
By operating the rangefinder toward the reference point, it is possible to do the survey by yourself.

[0006]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to the drawings, an embodiment of the present invention will be described below. The reference device of the present invention has, as shown in, for example, FIG. An adjustable fixing base 4 is provided to maintain the levelness. And
A vertical support rod 5 is erected on the fixed base 4, the reflector 2 is connected on the vertical support rod 5, and a mark 6 is provided above the head for visual recognition from a distance.
To stand. The reflector 2 is an infrared ray or a laser.
A triangular pyramid prism 2a that reflects light rays and has an apex angle of 45 degrees so as to reflect parallel incident light in the opposite direction is used, and this can handle light waves from all directions as shown in FIG. As described above, the surface is formed into an icosahedron by combining the triangles in a spherical shape, and a pyramid having an apex angle of 45 degrees is extended inside. That is, the incident light wave is incident on one of the spherical triangular surfaces,
Due to the refraction effect of the prism, the structure is such that it is reflected in the opposite direction across a surface having an intersection angle of 45 degrees. Further, in the case of a region where the height difference is not so severe, as shown in FIG. 2, it is formed into an octahedron in a ring shape so as to correspond to light from the surrounding 360 degrees, and a pyramid shape is extended inward. In this case, since the direction of the triangular pyramid is divided into upper and lower, it is possible to sufficiently cope with a height difference of about 90 degrees.
The structure will be able to handle everything except where the height difference is extremely high.

Next, the surveying method of the present invention will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 4, a surveying point is located in the vicinity of a surveying area S such as a field, a residential land, a land for construction or the like, or a position where the surveying point can be seen in the area. , Reference points K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ ... Are set at two or more places, and the above-mentioned reference device 2 capable of reflecting infrared rays or laser rays is installed directly above them. These reference points K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ ...
The setting of * depends on the size and topography of the target survey area S, but in the case of a relatively narrow area, two locations are set near the survey area S where the boundaries and signs can be seen. When the survey area S becomes wider and the two areas cannot be seen through, the reference points are set to K ₂ , K ₃ , K ₄
... and increase the number. Also, the reference point K ₁ ,
K ₂ , K _3, ... May be provided in the surveying area S when the surroundings are not suitable for setting due to cliffs or mountains, and at this time, the measuring points P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ Setting the position so that .. can be seen through is the same as above.

Then, the positions of the reference points K ₁ and K _{2 on} the XY axis coordinates are obtained. Therefore, the distance between the reference points K ₁ and K ₂ and its angle are measured using a rangefinder. As shown in FIG. 4, the reference points K ₁ and K ₂ are set to (X _K1 , Y _K1 ), (X _K2
, Y _K2 ), the distance between them is L ₀ , and the angle formed with the X axis is α ₁ , X _K 2 = L ₀ cos α ₁ + X _K1 Y _K 2 = L ₀ sin α ₁ + Y _K1 when the further increase as K _3, K ₄ ··· is αn = θn + αn-1 + 180 °, _{which, Xn + 1 = Lncosα 1 +} Xn Yn + 1 = Lnsinα 1 + Yn αn = substituted in θn + αn-1 + 180 ° Then, the coordinate positions of K ₁ , K _2, ... On the X axis and the Y axis are obtained.

Next, as shown in FIG.
Measuring point P such as₁ Install a rangefinder just above the
Point K₁ Infrared rays or laser rays are emitted toward
Quasipoint K₁ And station P₁Distance to₁To measure. Then,
With the rangefinder still set for the
Quasipoint K₂ Infrared rays, etc. are emitted toward the measurement point P₁ And reference point K
₂ Distance to₂ To measure. At this time, the reference device 1 is provided.
The reflector 2 is formed into a spherical icosahedron or an annular octahedron.
Therefore, no matter what direction infrared rays are emitted from,
Either prism catches this and reflects it in the opposite direction
It Therefore, the reference device 1 is the reference point K as it is. 1, K₂ To
Fix it and let the surveyor stand at the measuring point and aim the rangefinder toward the reference point.
It is only necessary to operate
The operation can be done by one person.

Further, in order to obtain the X-axis coordinates and the Y-axis coordinates of the measuring point P ₁ , the distance L ₀ between the reference points measured above and the distances l ₁ , l ₂ between the reference point and the measuring point are three sides. From the values, cos γ = L ₀ ² + l ₂ ² -l ₁ ² / 2L ₀ l ₂ is calculated using the cosine theorem. _{This, X P1 = l 1 cos (} α 1 + γ) + X k1 Y P1 = l 1 sin (α 1 + γ) + Y k1 ( where alpha _1> For 90 °, instead of the α ₁ α ₁ -90 ° (Substituting the value of) for the position of X-axis coordinate and Y-axis coordinate of the measurement point P ₁ . This survey is independent of the angle
Since the coordinate position can be obtained only from the measured values on the three sides, the measurement is simplified, and even an unskilled person can relatively easily perform the measurement.

Next, in order to measure the position of the next measuring point, the measuring point is moved to P ₂ and the rangefinder is moved. Then, similarly to the above, infrared rays or laser rays are emitted toward the reference points K ₁ and K ₂ and the distance is measured. that time,
The reference points K ₁ and K ₂ may not be visible from the measurement point due to the movement of the measurement point.
_By changing from ₁ , K ₂ to K ₂ , K ₃ , etc., the reference point at the most desirable position that can be seen from the measured point may be selected.
Then, based on the position of this reference point, the measurement points are set to P ₃ , P ₄ ,.
.. are moved in sequence from, and measurement of each measuring point is repeated, X
Axial coordinates and Y-axis coordinates are obtained. Therefore, it can be applied to any terrain survey area, and the movement of the reference point can be facilitated without carrying heavy equipment because the weight of the reference point can be reduced by developing a measuring instrument dedicated to distance measurement.

It is desirable that the data thus obtained can be analyzed on the spot by combining a rangefinder and a computing unit. However, if the data becomes large, bring it back. , May be input to the computer for analysis.

[0013]

The present invention based on the above configuration has developed a unique reference device and a surveying method using the same. Therefore, if the distance is measured with a rangefinder, the surveying can be performed by one person, and the efficiency of the surveying can be improved. It can be greatly improved. At that time, if a special rangefinder is developed, it can be made lighter than the conventional heavy weight for measuring distance and angle, but it is extremely convenient when carrying around on site. Become. Further, since the work is simplified to only measure the distance, the work is easy to perform, and the collected data may be analyzed by a computer, so no skill is required.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a reflector of a reference device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing another embodiment of the reflector of the reference device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing the entire standard of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a method of setting reference points, which is a part of the surveying method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view showing an example of the surveying method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Reference device 2 Reflector 2a Prism 3 Tripod 4 Fixing stand 6 Mark

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A surveying standard characterized in that a prism for reflecting parallel rays in opposite directions is spherically combined to form an icosahedron, and a reflector for reflecting infrared rays or laser rays from all directions is arranged. vessel. 2. An octahedron is formed by combining prisms for reflecting parallel rays in opposite directions in an annular shape, and a reflector for reflecting infrared rays or laser rays from a direction surrounded by 360 ° is arranged. A standard instrument for surveying. 3. A) Two or more reference points are installed near the survey area or in a position where the survey points can be seen in the area, and the distance and angle between the reference points are measured in advance and coordinated, and b). A measuring standard for reflecting infrared rays or laser rays from all directions or a direction surrounded by 360 ° is installed on the reference point, and c) infrared rays or laser is placed on the measuring point. -Installing a rangefinder capable of emitting a ray to measure the distance, selecting two positions from the above-mentioned reference points, and measuring the distances l ₁ and l ₂ between the reference point and the measurement point, d) From the three sides of the distance L ₀ between the reference points and the distances l ₁ and l ₂ between the reference point and the measurement point, find the position of the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of the measurement point, and e) move the measurement point, and A surveying method, characterized in that the same surveying is repeated and the X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of each measurement point are sequentially obtained. 4. From the measured distance L ₀ between the reference points and the values of the distances l ₁ and l ₂ between the reference points and the measurement points, cosγ = L ₀ ² + l ₂ ² −l ₁ ² / 2L ₀ l _{2 4.} An X-axis coordinate and a Y-axis coordinate of a measurement point are obtained by substituting this into X _P1 = l ₁ cos (α ₁ + γ) + X _k1 Y _P1 = l ₁ sin (α ₁ + γ) + Y _k1. The survey method described.