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JPH04502737A - プラスチックおよびプラスチックを母材とする複合材料の結合 - Google Patents

プラスチックおよびプラスチックを母材とする複合材料の結合

Info

Publication number
JPH04502737A
JPH04502737A JP1509801A JP50980189A JPH04502737A JP H04502737 A JPH04502737 A JP H04502737A JP 1509801 A JP1509801 A JP 1509801A JP 50980189 A JP50980189 A JP 50980189A JP H04502737 A JPH04502737 A JP H04502737A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
heating
press
temperature
concentrated
bonded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP1509801A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
スワーツ、ヘンリー・ディー
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of JPH04502737A publication Critical patent/JPH04502737A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1454Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1467Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1226Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B29C66/12261Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment the two joint-segments being bevelled, e.g. the two joint-segments forming a V
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12443Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue having the tongue substantially in the middle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12463Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered
    • B29C66/12464Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered being V-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12841Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/14Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections the joint having the same thickness as the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2422Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical
    • B29C66/24221Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical being circular
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/438Joining sheets for making hollow-walled, channelled structures or multi-tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B29C66/652General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141Fibres of continuous length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/944Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time by controlling or regulating the time
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/949Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/959Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables
    • B29C66/9592Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. X-Y diagrams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2071/00Use of polyethers, e.g. PEEK, i.e. polyether-etherketone or PEK, i.e. polyetherketone or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2079/00Use of polymers having nitrogen, with or without oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, not provided for in groups B29K2061/00 - B29K2077/00, as moulding material
    • B29K2079/08PI, i.e. polyimides or derivatives thereof
    • B29K2079/085Thermoplastic polyimides, e.g. polyesterimides, PEI, i.e. polyetherimides, or polyamideimides; Derivatives thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2081/00Use of polymers having sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
    • B29K2081/04Polysulfides, e.g. PPS, i.e. polyphenylene sulfide or derivatives thereof
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    • B29K2081/00Use of polymers having sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
    • B29K2081/06PSU, i.e. polysulfones; PES, i.e. polyethersulfones or derivatives thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts

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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 プラスチックおよびプラスチックを母材とする複合材料の結合 産業上の利用分野および従来の技術 この発明は、プラスチック材料およびプラスチックを母材とする複合材料の溶融 、または結合に間するものである。
複合材料は、代表的には、カーボン、グラファイト、ガラス繊維、またはボロン の線条、繊維、ボイスカーまたはフレークを埋め込んだ、樹脂または樹脂状結晶 性体、非晶性体あるいは半結晶性体の材料である。補強材料は、長くても短くて も、層状であっても、刻まれたものであっても、さらに秩序正しくてもまたラン ダムであっても楕わない。代表的には、平行な繊維の層が、無変形で、軽量で、 均一な、並外れた強さのシートをつくるために、それぞれ異なった方向に向けら れて揃えられ、積層されている。
補強されたポリマーの補強材料は、典型的には、400°Fおよびそれ以上の連 続加熱下で材料の強度と一体性を維持するものであり、金属や木材の代用品とし て、航空機、自動車構成部材、構造材料、機械部品および種々の消費材構成材の 分野において、事実上の用途を有している。
プラスチックおよびプラスチックを母材とする産業が悩んできた大きな問題は、 これらの複合材料を結合するための適当な技術が欠落しているということである 。今日のこの分野における結合方法は不満足なものであり、すなわち、これらは 、接着剤、抵抗溶接、超音波結合、振動溶接、誘導結合、高周波結合5機構的な 結合そして赤外放射線加熱である。それぞれの方法は、この発明か克服するとこ ろの固有の問題を抱えている。
今日のこの分野の結合工程における全ての固有の間趙を事実上克服し、ラップ引 裂き試験において2000psi(バースクエアインチ)以上、フラット引張り 強度において1000psi以上、そして耐剥離性試験において5ボンド以上が 常に結合と溶着にもたらされる、迅速かつ効果的な、プラスチック母材の複合物 の結合および熱可塑性物およびエラストマーの一体的溶融を提供することが、こ の発明の目的である。
さらに、接着剤によってもたらされる不連続さを避け、振動と超音波結合におけ る固有の裂断を避け、誘導結合に固有の鉄分の残留を避け、高周波溶接における 薄肉化や弱体化を避け、機構的結合にとって問題である材料切除の問題を解決し 、抵抗溶接中のシームに残る高抵抗線を除去する、均一な結合を提供することが この発明の目的である。
強い、無変形の、あらゆる幾何学的外形の結合を提供することがこの発明の目的 である。
結合が樹脂自身であるような強いものである、結合される熱可塑性複合物の樹脂 内の分子結合によって、複合シートや結合部品のいかなる減少もなく、漏洩防止 の均質な結合線を提供することがこの発明の目的である。
さらに、1インチ×1インチの結合線におけるラップの引裂き強度で2000p s iを超え、フラット引張り試験において1000psi以上で、同じく1イ ンチ×1インチの結合試験片による耐剥離性試験で5ボンド以上であるような結 合強度の向上をもたらす、加熱の継続中に直ちに結合されるべき表面を一緒にも って来る方法を提供することである。
さらに、前もって合わせられたシートや部品の厚さを減少させることなく、実質 的に10分に対し30秒を節約し、材料の結合線の非接触加熱を提供することが この発明の目的である。
さらにまた、結合に先立って結合されるべき両面に間欠的な集中放射加熱手段を 提供すること、および、結合に先立って素材を強化し、それによって内部温度と 材料の繊維構造を影響されないように残し、かつ材料の非加熱の隣接表面をその ままに残し、加熱されるべき表面の指定された結合部分の最外層のみが加熱され べき加熱手段を提供することが、この発明の目的である。
発明の要約 この発明によれば、間欠的で集中された赤外線エネルギーは、結合される複数の 部品の表面の指定された結合部分に同時に集中される。母材の「二〜ト(純粋) 」層(すなわち、基本的に補強材や他の混ぜものを含んでいない。)からなる結 合助材は結合されるべき表面の一方あるいは両方に適用することができる6表面 は、材料を歪めることなく結合を達成するために、充分な圧力で迅速な結合接触 に持ち込まれる。
結合を達成するための工程は次のようである。
第1工程、結合される結合部分の擦過または清掃(例えば、溶剤で)シくこの工 程は選択的である。)、そして/または、それぞれの部品の母材に適応できる熱 可塑性樹脂の「ニート」層で結合部分を強化する。
第2工程、結合される材料の各接触面の結合表面部分の一方または両方の結合線 に対して、純粋な樹脂のペレットまたは純粋な樹脂の押出された単体のテープに 加熱を適用する(代替として、樹脂テープは分散された繊維または実施例にある ような他の補強材を含むことができる。)。
第3工程、(必要ならば)テープを加熱し、プラスチックを母材とする材料の内 層を加熱することなく結合部分を迅速に加熱する。
第4工程、上部および下部の接触面または結合テープやペレットが、一体の溶融 として変形されるように、充分に軟化されるや否や、プレス板は迅速に一緒にな るようもって来られる。10psiから300psiの充分な圧力が結合材料を 一緒に融合するのに必要な圧力を提供するために適用されるけれども、機械的停 止装置が上部および下部のプレス部分による材料の破壊を防止している。
この発明の他の目的、特徴および利益は、添付図面を参照してなされる次の好適 な具体例についての詳細な説明で明らかになって来るだろう。
図面の簡単な説明 第1a図は、2個のプレス部分の間に配置された、自動的に作動し、往復動し、 非接触式で、集中される、強化された赤外線の加熱源の手段によって結合ゾーン の結合用素材を加熱している、この発明による好適な方法と装置と示す、概略的 縦断面図、第1b図は、第1a図の概略的斜視図である。
第2図は、結合を達成するために、加熱周期の後で、代表的には20から300 ps iの間の充分な圧力で直ちに一緒のなるようにされているプレス部分の概 略図である。
第3図は、結合部分を強化するために、無繊維で、純粋の単体の熱可塑性樹脂を 用いることの利益を示す、結合されるべき材料の横断方向の概略的縦断面図であ る。
第4図は、結合するシートまたは部品のそれぞれの結合線に、素材と同じ樹脂の 単体からなる押出し成型されたテープと適用する好適な方法の概略図である。
第5図は、結合されるべきシートまたは部品上に、イクストルーダーから直接形 成されたテープを適用することを示す、第3図の例の代替例の図である。
第6図は、加熱に先立って結合部分の溶融面を擦過するという選択的な方法を示 す、結合されるべき材料の横断方向の縦断面図である。
第7図は、集中された赤外線加熱源の各行程に対する結合ゾーンの表面温度の段 階的増加を例示している、この発明による好適な方法と装置を示す概略的縦断面 図である。
第8a、8b、8c、8dおよび8c図は、この発明によって結合可能な広範囲 の種々の結合外形の例を示す概略断面図である。
第9a、9bおよび9c図は、種々の立体構造物の結合外形を示す概略的縦断面 図である。
第10図は、加熱源の焦点距離の調節を例示する、放物線楕円形の赤外線反射体 を取り付けたロボットアームの概略的縦断面図である。
第11図は、あらかじめ成型されたエラストマーあるいは複合熱可塑性物の溶融 部分に対するこの発明の使用を示す概略的斜視図である。
第12図および12a図は、円形または楕円軌道を通るようにあらかじめプログ ラムされることのできる、ロボットアームに背中合わせに装架された放物線楕円 の赤外線加熱源の焦点を示す概略的縦断面図である。
第13a、13bおよび13c図は、どのような幾何学的な外径でも移動すべく プログラムされることのできる、ロボット・アマチュアに装架された、種々の角 度における集中された放物m楕円の赤外線スポット・ビームの使用を示すこの発 明の代替例の図である。
第14図、第15図および第17図は、上述したような操作の種々の位置におけ る他の好適な具体例を代表する概略図である。
第16図は、第14図、第15図および第17図の装置の操作に適用できる温度 一時間の線図である。
実施例 第1図には、2個の熱可塑性対象物品を結合するための、この発明の好適な具体 例による装置10が示され、装置10は、プレス板12および14、ロボット・ アマチュア26に装架された加熱手段22および24、それぞれの支持および作 動手段32.34および36からなっている。
プレス板の押圧力とタイミングはプレス装置によって制御される。結合されるべ きプラスチック材料2および4は、プレス板と一体の真空吸引装置(図示されて いない、)によってそれぞれのプレス板に取り付けられている。
加熱段階の間、プレス板はその開放位置に留まる。加熱周期が達成されたとき、 離れている上部と下部のプレス板は、第2図に示されるように、迅速かつ力強く その閉鎖位置に一緒にもってこられる。
ロボットアーム26に固定的に装架されている加熱源22および24は、部品1 2と14との間の作動ゾーンに入ったり出たりすることが出来、すなわち往復動 可能であり、そしてこのようなゾーンで回動できる。加熱源22および24のそ れぞれは第1図に示される横断面に垂直に延びている。上部加熱源22の集中ベ クトルは結合される第1プラスチツク材料2の表面に対し基本的に直角に上方を 指している。下部加熱源24の集中ベクトル結合される第2プラスチツク材料4 の表面に対し基本的に直角に下方を指している。加熱源22および24は市販さ れている放物線/楕円形の赤外ランプからなっている。これらの加熱源の移動、 速度、周期性、温度および焦点距離、そして軌道は独立して制御される。
結合されるべきプラスチック材料2および4の加熱に先立って、溶融されるこれ らの材料の結合ゾーン42および44は、第3図のように、熱可塑性プラスチッ クの複合体の母材を形成する樹脂と同じ樹脂によって強化される。プラスチック を母材とする複合材料の加熱に先立って予備的加熱をしなければならない、樹脂 強化用ベレット50またはテープ52をの配置を行うために、自動的供給アーム が利用される(図示されていない)6代わりの実施例において、押出された単体 のテープ52が、第4図に示されるように適用されるか、または、成型されたテ ープ54がイクストルーダーから直接に適用される(第5図)、第6図に示され るように、結合される表面の擦過は選択的工程である。
結合ゾーンの表面80の温度増加は、第7図に示されるように、集中する加熱源 に取り付けられた往復動するロボット・アマチュア82の各行程によって行われ る。
プラスチックの熱伝導率は低いので、揺動しつつ集中する熱の適用の各短い冷却 工程84の間に、熱は材料の内部よりむしろ空中に発散される。かくして、内部 温度86は、表面温度が第7図の88で示される溶融点に増大しても、事実上そ のままに留とまる。この発明の基本は、この交互の“吸熱/発熱”工程にある。
この代わりに、熱源が固定されて材料が往復動されてもよい。
第8aから8eまでに示されるような、多数の結合外形が可能である。立体的な 成型プラスチック対象部品を第9a、9bおよび9cQ?lに示されるように、 −緒に結合することができる1例えば、どのような寸法の波状板も、第9c図に 見られるように、プレスで型付けした板の両側に平らなシートを結合することに よって構成することができる。
ランプの焦点距離は、第10図に示されるように、加熱される材料の表面に一致 させることができる。このことは熱が結合ゾーンにおいて最高の強さであること を意味している。実際、もしこのような強い熱が連続的に適用されたならば、プ ラスチックは溶けたりあるいは燃えてしまうだろう。
代わりの具体例において、この発明は、第11図に示されるように、すでに成型 されている2個の半球を融合するのに用いることができる。2個のランプ22と 24は、成型されたエラストマーの半球60と62が上部および下部のプレス部 分12および14に置かれている時に、往復動するロボット・アマチュアに背中 合わせに装架されている。集中する加熱体22と24は、往復動され、溶融温度 に達した時に、ロボットアームは撤退し、2個のプレス部分12と14とが一緒 になるようにもって来られる。その結果、完全に融合された球64が得られる。
さらに、代わりの具体例において、熱源は、焦点を有し、放物線的楕円であり、 円形又は楕円形線上を回動するロボット・アマチュアに背中合わせに装架されて いる赤外線反射体70.72を有し、かくして、第12図に示されるように、結 合される材料上に円形または楕円形の軌道を軌跡づけるものである。この具体例 は、遂行される間欠的な熱の適用?、往復動する前進と後進によってでなく、各 回転毎に一度づつその軌道の所定の点に接触する連続的な周期によって可能とす る。またさらに、好適な具体例において、集中する熱源22.24の取り付けら れているロボットアーム26は、コンピータ制御され、どのような軌道をも描け るようにあらかじめプログラムされ、かくして、第13a図および第13b図に 示されるように、種々の幾何学的形状の結合の達成を可能ならしめている。この 具体例は、往復動するアマチュアを超えるばかりでなく、従来のどのような結合 装置をも超えているこの発明の適用における柔軟性を示している。
各具体例において、幾何学的軌道、移動、速度、周期、温度、焦点距離、および 熱源の加熱時間は、図示されない制御パネルによる操作によってあらかじめプロ グラムされることのできる電気回路によって制御される。
第14〜15図は、上述の具体例に多少の利点のあるM!IMを示している。そ れは、プレス板12と14と、結合される装架部品2と4と、ロボット装置36 の往復動するアーム26に装架された赤外線加熱体22および24とを含んでい る。赤外線検出装置122および124は、赤外線加熱体に装架され、プレス板 の位置と、往復動の割合と、赤外線による加熱温度と時間とを制御するために、 それぞれ温度制御(TC)と出力制W(PC)とを有している(TC,PCとも 従来のものである。)。
接着部品2および4のそれぞれにおける母材樹脂の温度の監視に基づく、このよ うなループ制御によって、工程のパラメータは結合される材料の種々の状態に対 して調整される。検出装置122および】24は、それぞれの結合線の接触面の 温度上昇を連続的に検出し、ランプ出力を増加しkす、減少したりするために、 ランプ(22゜24)の出力制御に信号を送り返し、それによって、両方の接触 面の温度が結合に適合するまでランプ強度と放射線とを変化するものである。各 材料の表面が目的とする融合温度に達した時に、センサの信号は、ランプを遮断 し、ロボットアーム26を撤退させ、プレス(32゜34)をその周期で作動す る。第16図における温度一時間の軌跡における線の集中は、上部と下部の部品 の接触面の温度が再凝固の温度に達したことを示し、ロボットアームの撤退の信 号となる。かくして、母材樹脂の加温は、連続、非接触を基本として行われ、全 体の溶接サイクルを正確に制御するために用いられる。ランプの加熱用周波の長 さは1,1ミクロンであり、光学的センサは8.0〜14.0ミクロンの、可視 光に対して遮蔽されているスペクトル応答を有している0周囲の空気が非常に暖 かいので、センサには空気冷却用ジャケットが設けられている。それに代えて、 各センサは加熱部分の外側に配置して装着することができ、それによって、その 光学的なレンズは適当に直角に置かれた鏡と向き合うものである。
耐熱性可塑性物質および熱可塑性複合物は迅速に冷たくなる傾向がある。したが って、部品を保持しているプレスは、少なくとも毎秒1フィート以上の迅速な下 降速度を有することが基本である。高圧の接着の衝撃によって生じる結合におけ る有害な影響を防ぐために、第17A、17B、17C図に示されるように、ダ ブル行程機能を利用する。プレスは、最初に減速ゾーンに対して高速で閉じ、そ こでは材料表面から約1゜5インチである。
最終的圧力は減速基準においてダイ停止部に対して適用される。。
第15図は、層状の準等方性の複合パネル(断面は誇張されている。)からなる 部品2Aおよび4Aは局部的に再凝固された表面層22および42を持つことが できることを示している。第15図は、また、往復動運動を示している(矢印A 、点線と仮想終点位置)、第14〜第15図は、また、層22.42の点におけ る加熱体の反射部分の、放物線/楕円の焦点を示している。
宇宙船/航空機、自動車、医療、および他の市場部門に必要な適用が可能であり 、工程は簡単な設備で、スポット溶接、立体溶接、および連続溶接を含む複雑な 結合外形に適用できる。
この発明は、重要な軍事上および商業上で利用される、先端技術の熱可塑性材料 に対し、顕著な溶接強さを達成するために実施されて来た。これらの材料は、ガ ラス、カーボンおよびアラミドの繊維で補強された、ポリエタールエタールゲト ン(PEEK)、ポリフェニレン サルファイド(PPS)、ポリアミドイミド (FAI)、ポリエタールイミド(PE I ) 、ボリアリレート、ポリスル ホン、熱可塑性ボリミドス、そして液体結晶ポリマー(LCP−s)である。
高性能のものに適用する熱可塑性複合物(TPC−s )は、カーボン、グラフ ァイト、ガラス岨りあるいはアラミドで補強された高性能の熱可塑性プラスチッ クを母材とするものである。TPC−sで用いられる樹脂の母材は、350°F から700°Fまでで連続的に奉仕することができる。それらには、PEEK、 PPS、PEI、PES、PAIおよびその他のものが含まれる。補強材は、通 常、連続的で平行であり、また、異常な強さの、無変形で、軽量のシートを提供 するために異なった方向に積層されている。
先進の複合物の適用における、熱硬化性に対する熱可塑性の潜在的な性能と経済 的な利益は充分に記録され、それは、低コストの製造、不定プリプレグの安定性 、ひび割れの修正や修繕の有効さのための平らな貯蔵シートの再加工における熱 変形可能性、迅速な加工周期、高い強度、容易な製品管理である。これらの殆ど の利益は熱硬化性のものとは異なっているという事実によるものであり、すなわ ち、熱硬化性のものは、溶融できず、形状の修正のために加熱によって軟化する ことができないのに対し、熱可塑性のものは、熱を受けたときにより粘性を生じ 、流れるようになる。この特性は、熱可塑性のものを溶接可能とし、高性能の構 造上の適用に全く好ましくない接着剤や機械的結合の減少を可能とする。この点 については、ベーター外の゛熱可塑性複合物の溶融結合のための方法”SAMP Eりオータリー、第18巻、第1号(1986,10月)を参照されたい。
複合体自体はど強固な接合を要求できる利用のために目標とされるAPC−2炭 素繊維補強されたポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)やライドン・ポリフ ェニレンスルフィド(PPS)複合体の様な高能力熱可塑性複合体にこの様な従 来の熱可塑性溶接方法の適用には多くの問題がある。熱可塑性複合体は補強体の 70重量%までである。母材への補強繊維の添加は複合体の物理的特性を大いに 向上するが、樹脂が溶融接合部に溶融および再固形するよう役立たないので、度 々溶接が一層困難になる。補強体の量の減少は、複合体強度の犠牲においてだけ 溶接能力を増大出来る。また、熱可塑性複合体の母材樹脂として使用される進歩 した熱可塑材は高温度で処理されねばならず、日用必需工業樹脂よりも幅狭い“ プロセスウィンド”を持っている。これは溶接変数の非常に正確な制御、特に最 適な接合部を達成する熱の量と時間を損なう。熱の導入の前に部品の予めの締着 を含む誘導、抵抗、超音波溶接等の様な溶接方法は、多くの場合に可能性を無く する接合部分内のサーモカップルやセンサーの埋め込み無く接合溶融温度の直接 検知と測定を一層容易にしない0本発明はこの様な困難を排除している。
集中した赤外線溶融部分を用いる高性能熱可塑性複合体を結合するために使用さ れる基本的製造工程は次の通りである。
表面準備:清浄された試剤の無い接着線の良好な湿潤が必要とされる。清浄溶液 またはプラズマ処理が、2つの向かい合う接着堆積体中の樹脂を除去した繊維を 弛くした表面の擦過または研磨が好適である。高温度の集中されたrR(赤外線 )の往復動するビーム(1200°Fまで〉は、中間面層の粗雑な部分に捕えら れ易い表面汚染物質を燃焼する。
プレスへの部品の配置。2つの部品が適切なプレスの上下保持固着体に配置され る。向かい合う部品は加熱工程の間は開放位置に保持される。
母材テープ(任意)の適用:フィルムや樹脂の繊維の無いテープが1つの部品の 表面に付与できる(テープが複合体の母材樹脂のよって化学的に且つ熱的に両立 でき、複合体表面の樹脂の濃い表面がこの工程の必要を省略出来る)。溶接強さ を強化できる他の変数は、各接着体の第1中間面層の一定でない方向に方向付け られた炭素繊維を有することである。
溶接パラメータの設定、各接着体の表面溶接温度目標が2つの温度制御器に設定 され、プレスサイクル時間とロボット行程間隔と速度が設定される。
始動ボタンが押される時に、ロボットは集中される赤外線加熱ランプを開放プレ ス部分に動かして、接着線上の水平な往復動と開始する。往復工程の際に、赤外 線加熱ランプは第1行程において直ちに点灯して、光学センサーが各中間面の上 昇した表面温度を読み取る間は照射する0両中間面温度足跡が一致する迄、各ラ ンプ強さを増減するようセンサーは信号を発信してランプ出力を制御する。この 点で、センサーは信号を発信してロボットがプレスからランプ固定具を取り外す ようにして、作動を完了すべくプレスの下降行程を始める0部品が取り出しと取 り扱いのために十分冷却される迄、プレスは閉じたま−である。
上前熱源の集中ベクトルは上方を指し、下前熱源のベクトルは下方を指している 。積層への浸込み(内部積層滑り、繊維の分離、母材の破壊を生じる)を制限す るために、接着されるべき部品は出来るだけランプ固定具の集中ベクトルに接近 するよう保持される。
往復動の間、再接着中間面の表面温度はロボットアームの各行程で増大される。
プラスチックが比較的小さな熱伝導係数を有しているために、各短冷却段階の間 に、熱は複合体の中間面層よりも大気に表面から発散される。
従って、内部温度は実質的に影響されずに残るが、表面温度は溶融点にまで増大 する。
もし、集中される赤外線加熱ランプがこれら高温度で接着体に固定されると、母 材樹脂は直ちに燃焼される。
赤外線加熱ランプの往復動の間、各接着体の材料は、加速された反熱反応、すな おち熱の解放である化学変化と、吸熱反応、すなわち熱の吸収である化学変化と を受ける。
これは、各接着体の丁度中間面にて温度の迅速な増大を生じる強く集中した可動 ビームの周期性である。この交互の“反熱/吸熱”工程は集中した赤外線溶融の 特異な特長である。
長さ16インチ、幅4インチの結合線がつくられており、より大きな結合部分を つくることも可能である。結合線の長さは集中する赤外線ランプの長さによって 調節され、商業的には長さ100インチのものまで利用可能である。結合線の幅 は往復動のゾーンによって調節される。非常に広い幅の結合線は、ロボットアー ムの両側に並べて1かれた、多数のランプ支持具を使用することによって可能で ある0例えば、4インチづつ離れて置かれた。48インチの集中する赤外線ラン プの背中合わせの4組は、幅20インチで長さ48インチの結合線を加熱するの に使用することができる。
浄IF(内容をこ変更なし9 FIG、8c 口====コ FIG、 8d mぐ二] FIG、l。
FIG、ll FIG、I7A FIG、17B FIG、17C

Claims (34)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 1.強化剤が実質的に無い接合されるべき材料の表面に選ばれた接着ゾーンを形 成し、 形成された接着ゾーンの材料の表面に強烈な加熱の隣接した点または連続点を広 く繰り返して作用して接着ゾーンの選ばれて制限された部分を熱で満たし、断続 的に繰り返される運動中の接着部分を介して隣接点または連続点を連続配置し、 加熱作用を終了して加熱された部分を実質的に冷却する前に加熱された部分を直 ちに接着接合させる、工程から成り、これら工程は、各熔融温度以上の加熱表面 温度で行われるよう制御されると共に、形成された接着ゾーンに内部から離れる 部分が加熱表面温度以下に実質的に維持されて、該ゾーンの表面温度が熔融温度 以下に低下する前に接着を行う様にした、強度乃至は強化剤で補強された単体の プラスチック乃至はプラスチック母材複合材料を接着する方法。
  2. 2.接着ゾーンが、補強材の実質的に無い別のプラスチック材料で強化されてい る請求項1記載の方法。
  3. 3.接着ゾーンが樹脂テープによって被われている請求項1記載の方法。
  4. 4.樹脂テープが接着ゾーンに配置される前に予め加熱される請求項3記載の方 法。
  5. 5.強い加熱の隣接線または点が集中される放射熱によって形成される請求項1 記載の方法。
  6. 6.集中される放射熱は、加熱されるべき材料の表面と一致するように焦点が調 節できる1つ以上の焦点にて熱を集中する放物線楕円形反射によって構成されて いる請求項5記載の方法。
  7. 7.強い集中した放射加熱装置の隣接線または点が接着ゾーンに断続的に繰り返 して作用される請求項1記載の方法。
  8. 8.強い集中した加熱の隣接した断続的な線または点は、予め選ばれた期間に予 定速度で各形成された接着ゾーンを前後方向に横切って揺動される往復揺動する 集中放射加熱源を有する請求項7記載の方法。
  9. 9.往復動可能な放射加熱源の横方向移動すなわち行程長さが個別に制御できる 請求項8記載の方法。
  10. 10.各集中点における放射加熱源の温度が個別に制御できる請求項1記載の方 法。
  11. 11.集中加熱の移動線または点は互いに実質的に傾斜した方向に往復動できる 請求項1記載の方法。
  12. 12.加熱の移動集中点または線はどんな形状にても回転できる請求項1記載の 方法。
  13. 13.加熱の移動集中点または線の通路は、予め選ばれた幾何学的通路を追跡す るよう制御できる請求項1記載の方法。
  14. 14.加熱の移動集中点または線は、どんな曲がった或は平らな幾何字的平面を も追跡するよう制御できる請求項13記載の方法。
  15. 15.接着ゾーンは、三次元空間における選ばれた二方向の幾何的形状を区画す る請求項1記載の方法。
  16. 16.2つのプレス面間が間隔を置いた第1開放位置と、接着すべき2つの樹脂 または樹脂状熱可塑性物体を支持する2つのプレス面が接触される第2閉鎖位置 との間を動くよう出来る圧力作用面を持った第1プレス部分および第2プレス部 分を有するプレス、 接着すべき第1樹脂または樹脂状物体を第1プレス部分に取り付けると共に接着 すべき第2樹脂または樹脂状物体を第2プレス部分に取り付ける装置、接着すべ き表面に接着ゾーンを形成する装置、接着ゾーンに強化母材を付与する装置、接 着すべき材料の向かい合う表面に強い加熱の幅広いおよび隣接する線を同時に繰 り返し作用する装置、接着ゾーンに作用される強い断続的な加熱の断続回数、期 間および面積を制御する装置、 第1および第2プレス部分間の空間からロボット・アマチュアを回動して取外す 装置、 接着すべき材料の加熱された表面を実質的に冷却する前に直ちに一緒にする装置 、 を備えた、強度乃至は強化剤で補強されたプラスチックおよび樹脂または樹脂状 材料を接着する装置。
  17. 17.加熱装置が、第1および第2プレス部分の間を回動できるアマチュアに取 り付けられた請求項16記載の装置。
  18. 18.加熱装置が方向付けられたアマチュアに取り付けられて、各集中ベクトル が反対方向を指している請求項16記載の装置。
  19. 19.断続的な強い加熱装置は、接着すべき表面に対して実質的に横方向に前後 にランプを揺動する移動シャットルに取り付けられた赤外線放物線楕円形反射ラ ンプを有する請求項16記載の装置。
  20. 20.各加熱ランプの全加熱サイクルの集中長さ、変位、振動期間、温度、速度 および長さが個別に制御される請求項16記載の装置。
  21. 21.強い加熱の点または一連の点すなわち線を造る加熱装置は互いに実質的に 横の方向に往復動できる請求項16記載の装置。
  22. 22.集中加熱装置は、二方向の幾何学的形状を有する形成された接着部分の表 面に強い加熱の点または一連の点の形状を造るように予め選ばれた通路内を往復 動できる請求項16記載の装置。
  23. 23.各加熱源の加熱サイクルの集中長さ、通路、断続回数、速度、期間、温度 および全長が個別に制御される請求項21記載の装置。
  24. 24.接着されるべき第1および第2材料は真空装置によって各第1および第2 プレス部分に取り付けられている請求項16記載の装置。
  25. 25.接着されるべき第1および第2材料は機械的装置によって各第1および第 2プレス部分に取り付けられている請求項16記載の装置。
  26. 26.シャットル乃至は加熱源を支持する可動アマチュアの動きを制御する電動 機、 プレス部材を作動する電動機の時限および初期開閉、加熱ランプを流れる電圧お よび電流、 接着部分に対する加熱ランプの位置および焦点を制御する電動機、 ロボット・アマチュアの時限、位置および動きを行う電動機、 を効果的に作動および制御するよう電気切換回路が設けられた請求項16記載の 装置。
  27. 27.加熱サイクルの通路、期間、速度、焦点長さ、温度および時間長さを効果 的に予めプログラム組および制御するようコンピュータ装置が設けられた請求項 16記載の装置。
  28. 28.ロボット・アマチュアの動きおよびプレス部分の開閉を効果的に予めプロ グラム組するようコンピュータ装置が設けられた請求項16記載の装置。
  29. 29.熔融温度が達成される迄上昇部分と低下部分から成る幾つかの工程の各々 によって、選ばれた表面部分に実質的に制限された温度の段階的上昇を達成する よう選ばれた部分の材料の表面に強く集中された赤外線放射加熱の周期的作用に より、接着されるべき部分の選ばれた表面部分の各々に温度上昇を行い。 加熱を終了して、実質的に冷却する前に該表面部分を接着接触させるよう該部分 を直ちに一緒にする、工程から成る、強度乃至は強化剤で補強された不定厚さの 単一のプラスチック乃至はプラスチック母材複合材料の部分を接着する方法。
  30. 30.部分的表面に集中される断面の少なくとも1つ以上の線に加熱を集中する 放物線楕円形放射によって集中放射加熱が行われる請求項29記載の方法。
  31. 31.接着表面部分に強い集中された加熱の可動線を造るよう構成配置された放 物線楕円形加熱放射赤外線加熱源を有する請求項30記載の方法を実施する装置 。
  32. 32.接着すべき表面に実質的に同一温度を達成すると共に最小温度以上に温度 を上昇するように連続的に接着ゾーンを監視する工程を有する請求項1記載の方 法。
  33. 33.少なくとも1つの加熱の変更と、温度監視に応答した工程を行うことから 成る請求項32記載の方法。
  34. 34.直接連動したIR監視装置を有し接着すべき対向部分の向かい合う表面間 に挿入取出すべく構成配置されて且つ迅速に往復動すべく挿入された迅速変換可 能集中IR加熱器、加熱器温度のための制御装置、特別な部分に適合した圧力、 時局および温度下の加熱表面にて部品の有効なプレス接着が出来るよう監視装置 と制御装置間に接続された挿入/取出およびプレス状態および熱ループフイード バック装置を備えた請求項33記載の方法を実施する装置。
JP1509801A 1988-07-28 1989-07-27 プラスチックおよびプラスチックを母材とする複合材料の結合 Pending JPH04502737A (ja)

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