JPH0441344B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0441344B2 JPH0441344B2 JP57171927A JP17192782A JPH0441344B2 JP H0441344 B2 JPH0441344 B2 JP H0441344B2 JP 57171927 A JP57171927 A JP 57171927A JP 17192782 A JP17192782 A JP 17192782A JP H0441344 B2 JPH0441344 B2 JP H0441344B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- particles
- monomer
- polymerization
- synthetic resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Eisenspiron Red BEH Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMWIFDGFNOMHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cr+3].CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C([O-])=O.CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C([O-])=O.CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C([O-])=O Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C([O-])=O.CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C([O-])=O.CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C([O-])=O JMWIFDGFNOMHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-methoxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1CN1CCCCC1 OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCSKFKICHQAKEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylindole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C=CC2=C1 RCSKFKICHQAKEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZJQCUDHKUWEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)C#N TZJQCUDHKUWEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHBAYNMEIXUTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound ClCCOC(=O)C=C WHBAYNMEIXUTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZNSQRLUUXWLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1h-pyrrole Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CN1 MZNSQRLUUXWLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNJSNEKCXVFDKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-amino-1h-indol-3-yl)-2-azaniumylpropanoate Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 YNJSNEKCXVFDKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYHIFXGFKVJNBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)=C1S(O)(=O)=O IYHIFXGFKVJNBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPVDXIMFBOLMNW-ISLYRVAYSA-N 7-hydroxy-8-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 MPVDXIMFBOLMNW-ISLYRVAYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTGPFZWZZNUIIK-LURJTMIESA-N Lysol Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)CO LTGPFZWZZNUIIK-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXLFIFHRGFOVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-L azophloxine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC1=C2C(NC(=O)C)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 WXLFIFHRGFOVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFYKHEXCUQCPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C DFYKHEXCUQCPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZCZLQYAECBEUBH-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZCZLQYAECBEUBH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZLFVRXUOSPRRKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl2138372 Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 ZLFVRXUOSPRRKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXJXZNDDNMQXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M crystal violet Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1[C+](C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 ZXJXZNDDNMQXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AWJZTPWDQYFQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-chloroprop-2-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(Cl)=C AWJZTPWDQYFQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012739 red 2G Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004180 red 2G Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960005480 sodium caprylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UDWXLZLRRVQONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC([O-])=O UDWXLZLRRVQONG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BYKRNSHANADUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940067741 sodium octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;pentadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AODQPPLFAXTBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-M victoria blue 4R Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=[N+](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AODQPPLFAXTBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- XRASPMIURGNCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zoledronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(P(O)(O)=O)(O)CN1C=CN=C1 XRASPMIURGNCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
- G03G9/0806—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、電子写真法、静電印刷法、磁気記録
法などに用いられるトナーの製造方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing toner used in electrophotography, electrostatic printing, magnetic recording, and the like.
このような目的におけるトナーとは、画像を形
成し、記録させるためのものである。例えば電子
写真法は米国特許第2297691号明細書等に記載さ
れている如く、多数の方法が知られており、一般
には光導電性物質を利用し、種々の手段で感光体
上に電気的潜像を形成し、次いで該潜像をトナー
を用いて現像し、必要に応じて紙等の転写部材に
トナー画像を転写した後、加熱、圧力あるいは溶
剤蒸気等により定着し複写物を得る。トナーで現
像する方法、定着する方法は従来各種の方法が提
案され、必要に応じて用いられている。 Toner for this purpose is for forming and recording images. For example, many electrophotographic methods are known, as described in U.S. Pat. An image is formed, and then the latent image is developed using toner, and if necessary, the toner image is transferred to a transfer member such as paper, and then fixed by heat, pressure, solvent vapor, or the like to obtain a copy. Various methods have been proposed for developing with toner and fixing, and are used as needed.
従来これらの目的に用いるトナーとしては、天
然あるいは合成樹脂等の結着材料に染料、顔料等
の着色材を分散させた微粉末が使用されている。
一般には、結着材料と着色材を混合し、高温で溶
融混合し、冷却後、ジエツト気流を利用した粉砕
装置により粉砕し、微粒子を得ていた。上記目的
に用いられるトナーは均一で安定な画像を得るこ
とが第一の目的であるが、従来知られている上記
方法で得られるトナーは、混合操作、冷却操作、
粉砕操作を経て作成されるために、本質的に均一
な粒子を得ることが極めてむずかしかった。すな
わち、一般にトナーは数ミクロンから30ミクロン
程度の粒子径で用いられるが、着色材料と結着材
料を完全に均一に混合することは極めてむずかし
く、不均一な粒子ができてしまつた。このため高
度の剪断力を持つ混合装置を用いたり、着色材料
を加工して結着材料への分散を改良する方法がと
られたりしているが必ずしも充分でない。それは
1つには、加熱溶融状態では微分散状態が保持さ
れていても、冷却時に相分離をおこしてしまうた
め粉砕した結果の粒子は不均一になつてしまう。
さらには、かなり均一な分散状態で冷却されて、
次の粉砕工程で粉砕される場合粉砕力が均一には
たらくとしても、本質的に不均一な所から粉砕さ
れやすく、粉砕工程によつて生じる粒子は一定の
形状では得られず、また当然のことながら、各種
の大きさのものがあり、また着色材の分散状態も
異なつたものであつた。このようなトナー粒子を
実際に用いる場合には、このような粒子の持つ不
均一さ、すなわち、着色力、隠蔽力等の光学的性
質、静電荷、電導度等の電気的性質、融点、融解
熱などの熱的性質の不均一さにより均一な現像特
性や転写特性、定着特性を得ることができず、画
像が不均一であつたり、不鮮明であつたり、不安
定であつたりするのはさけられないことであつ
た。また、従来このようなトナーの持つ不均一な
形状は力学的に強度の不均一さを含むものであ
り、このことは、トナーを実際に使用する場合に
は形状の変化が生ずるためトナーが変化する、す
なわち耐久特性が充分でないという結果を生じ
た。 Conventionally, toners used for these purposes are fine powders in which colorants such as dyes and pigments are dispersed in binding materials such as natural or synthetic resins.
Generally, a binding material and a coloring material are mixed, melted and mixed at a high temperature, cooled, and then pulverized by a pulverizer using a jet air flow to obtain fine particles. The primary purpose of the toner used for the above purpose is to obtain a uniform and stable image, but the toner obtained by the conventionally known method described above requires a mixing operation, a cooling operation,
Because they are created through a grinding operation, it is extremely difficult to obtain essentially uniform particles. That is, toner is generally used in particle sizes ranging from several microns to about 30 microns, but it is extremely difficult to mix the coloring material and the binding material completely uniformly, resulting in non-uniform particles. For this reason, methods such as using a mixing device with a high shear force or processing the coloring material to improve its dispersion into the binding material have not always been sufficient. One reason is that even if a finely dispersed state is maintained in a heated molten state, phase separation occurs during cooling, resulting in particles that are pulverized and become non-uniform.
Furthermore, it is cooled in a fairly uniformly distributed state,
Even if the crushing force acts uniformly in the next crushing process, the particles are inherently likely to be crushed from non-uniform areas, and the particles produced in the crushing process cannot be obtained in a fixed shape. However, there were various sizes, and the state of dispersion of the coloring material was also different. When such toner particles are actually used, the non-uniformity of such particles, i.e. optical properties such as coloring power and hiding power, electrical properties such as electrostatic charge and conductivity, melting point, melting point, etc. Avoid uniform development, transfer, and fixing characteristics due to uneven thermal properties such as heat, resulting in uneven, unclear, or unstable images. It was something I couldn't do. In addition, conventionally, the non-uniform shape of such toner includes mechanical non-uniformity in strength, and this means that when the toner is actually used, the shape changes, so the toner changes. In other words, the durability characteristics were not sufficient.
従来、このような問題を解決するために、全体
を均一化させるための物質の混合や添加、また粒
子の形状、特性を均一化するための表面処理、粒
径を均一化するための分級処理等が行なわれるこ
とも知られているが、必ずしも充分に満足のいく
特性を得るのはむずかしかつた。 Conventionally, to solve such problems, we have mixed or added substances to make the whole particle uniform, surface treatment to make the shape and characteristics of the particles uniform, and classification treatment to make the particle size uniform. However, it is difficult to obtain sufficiently satisfactory characteristics.
また、これらの問題点を解決する手段として、
特公昭51−14895号公報に示されるように、モノ
マーと着色材の混合物の微粒子を作り、その状態
で重合して直接トナーを得る方法も知られてい
る。しかしながら従来の重合法を用いて得られた
磁性体および添加剤を含有するるトナーは、磁性
体および添加剤が表面層に偏在しているために、
磁性体やカーボンブラツクのような導電性又は半
導電性の顔料を用いた場合には、これらの導電性
又は半導電性物質がトナーの表面に多く存在する
ためにトナーとしての電気抵抗が下つてしまい、
トナーとして要求される摩擦帯電量の充分なもの
が得られない。そのためトナーが現像されにく
く、かつ転写されにくくなり、得られる画像の濃
度が低い、不鮮明であるなどの欠点を有してい
る。 In addition, as a means to solve these problems,
As shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-14895, a method is also known in which fine particles of a mixture of a monomer and a colorant are prepared and polymerized in this state to directly obtain a toner. However, in toners containing magnetic materials and additives obtained using conventional polymerization methods, since the magnetic materials and additives are unevenly distributed in the surface layer,
When conductive or semi-conductive pigments such as magnetic substances or carbon black are used, the electrical resistance of the toner decreases because a large amount of these conductive or semi-conductive substances exist on the surface of the toner. Sisters,
A sufficient amount of triboelectric charge required for a toner cannot be obtained. Therefore, the toner is difficult to develop and transfer, resulting in disadvantages such as low density and unclear images.
本発明の目的は上記欠点を改良した懸濁重合法
によるトナーの製造方法を提供することにある。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing toner using a suspension polymerization method, which improves the above-mentioned drawbacks.
本発明の他の目的は、充分な摩擦帯電電荷量が
得られる電気抵抗を有するトナーの製造方法を提
供することにある。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a toner having an electrical resistance that provides a sufficient amount of triboelectric charge.
さらに他の目的は、現像性、転写性の優れたト
ナーの製造方法を提供することにある。 Still another object is to provide a method for producing a toner with excellent developability and transferability.
具体的には、本発明は、合成樹脂単量体、重合
開始剤及び添加剤を含むトナー材料を、前記単量
体とほとんど相溶しない水系分散媒中に分散させ
て懸濁重合法で粒子を作製する第1重合工程と、
前記粒子に合成樹脂単量体を吸着させて該合成樹
脂単量体で前記粒子を被覆し重合せしめる第2重
合工程とを有することを特徴とするトナーの製造
方法に関する。 Specifically, in the present invention, a toner material containing a synthetic resin monomer, a polymerization initiator, and an additive is dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium that is almost incompatible with the monomer, and particles are formed by a suspension polymerization method. a first polymerization step for producing
The present invention relates to a method for producing a toner, comprising a second polymerization step of adsorbing a synthetic resin monomer onto the particles, and coating and polymerizing the particles with the synthetic resin monomer.
本発明に使用することのできる合成樹脂単量体
(モノマー)としては次のものがある。スチレン、
P−クロルスチレン、ビニルナフタレン等のスチ
レン系モノマー;酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニ
ル、安息香酸ビニルおよび酪酸ビニルなど;αメ
チレン脂肪族モノカルボン酸類のエステル(たと
えばメチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート、
n−ブチルアクリレート、イソブチルアクリレー
ト、ドデシルアクリレート、n−オクチルアクリ
レート、2−クロロエチルアクリレート、フエニ
ルアクリレート、メチルα−クロロアクリレー
ト、メチルメタクリレート、エチルメタクリレー
トおよびブチルメタクリレートなど);N−ビニ
ル化合物、N−ビニルピロール、N−ビニルカル
バゾール、N−ビニルインドール等がある。これ
らのモノマーは単独または混合して用いられる。 Synthetic resin monomers that can be used in the present invention include the following. styrene,
Styrenic monomers such as P-chlorostyrene and vinylnaphthalene; vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate and vinyl butyrate; esters of α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acids (such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate,
n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl α-chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, etc.); Examples include vinylpyrrole, N-vinylcarbazole, and N-vinylindole. These monomers may be used alone or in combination.
本発明に用いることのできる極性体(すなわ
ち、添加剤)磁場によつてその方向を強く磁化す
る物質であれば、良い。好ましくはマグネタイト
が良い。代表的磁性または、磁化可能な材料とし
ては、コバルト、鉄、ニツケルのような金属;ア
ルミニウム、コバルト、鋼鉄、鉛、マグネシウ
ム、ニツケル、スズ、亜鉛、アンチモン、ベリリ
ウム、ビスマス、ヨドミウム、カルシウム、マン
ガン、セレン、チタン、タングステン、バナジウ
ムのような金属の合金およびその混合物;酸化ア
ルミニウム、酸化鉄、酸化銅、酸化ニツケル、酸
化亜鉛、酸化チタンおよび酸化マグネシウムのよ
うな金属酸化物を含む金属化合物;チツ化バナジ
ウム、チツ化クロムのような耐火性チツ化物;炭
化タングステンおよび炭化シリカのような炭化
物;フエライトおよびそれらの混合物等が使用で
きる。 Polar substances (ie, additives) that can be used in the present invention are suitable as long as they are strongly magnetized in that direction by a magnetic field. Preferably magnetite is used. Typical magnetic or magnetizable materials include metals such as cobalt, iron, and nickel; aluminum, cobalt, steel, lead, magnesium, nickel, tin, zinc, antimony, beryllium, bismuth, iodium, calcium, manganese, Alloys of metals and mixtures thereof such as selenium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium; metal compounds including metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide and magnesium oxide; titanium oxide Refractory nitrides such as vanadium and chromium nitride; carbides such as tungsten carbide and silica carbide; ferrites and mixtures thereof, etc. can be used.
トナー材料に用いる他の添加剤としては着色剤
があり、例えばカーボンブラツク、ニグロシン染
料、ランプ黒、スーダンブラツクSM、フアース
ト・エローG、ベンジジン・エロー、ピグメン
ト・エロー、インドフアースト・オレンジ、イル
ガジン・レツド、パラニトロアニリン・レツド、
トルイジン・レツド、カーミンFB、パーマネン
ト・ボルドーFRR、ピグメント・オレンジR、
リソール・レツド2G、レーキ・レツドC、ロー
ダミンFB、ローダミンBレーキ、メチル・バイ
オレツトBレーキ、フタロシアニンブルー、ピグ
メントブルー、ブリリアント・グリーンB、フタ
ロシアニングリーン、オイルイエローGG、ザポ
ン・フアーストエローCGG、カヤセツトY963、
カヤセツトYG、スミプラスト・エローGG、ザ
ポンフアーストオレンジRR、オイル・スカーレ
ツト、スミプラストオレンジG、オラゾール・ブ
ラウンB、ザポンフアーストスカーレツトCG、
アイゼンスピロン・レツド・BEH、オイルピン
クOP、ビクトリアブルーF4R、フアーストゲン
ブルー5007、スーダンブルー、オイルピーコツク
ブルーなど公知の染顔料を全て使用することがで
きる。 Other additives used in toner materials include colorants such as Carbon Black, Nigrosine Dye, Lamp Black, Sudan Black SM, First Yellow G, Benzidine Yellow, Pigment Yellow, India First Orange, and Irgadine Yellow. Red, paranitroaniline Red,
Toluidine Red, Carmine FB, Permanent Bordeaux FRR, Pigment Orange R,
Lysol Red 2G, Lake Red C, Rhodamine FB, Rhodamine B Lake, Methyl Violet B Lake, Phthalocyanine Blue, Pigment Blue, Brilliant Green B, Phthalocyanine Green, Oil Yellow GG, Zapon Fast Yellow CGG, Kayasetsu Y963,
Kayaset YG, Sumiplast Yellow GG, Zapon First Orange RR, Oil Scarlet, Sumiplast Orange G, Orazol Brown B, Zapon First Scarlet CG,
All known dyes and pigments such as Eisenspiron Red BEH, Oil Pink OP, Victoria Blue F4R, First Gen Blue 5007, Sudan Blue, and Oil Peacock Blue can be used.
磁性体、着色剤以外の添加剤として荷電制御、
凝集防止などの目的のために、カーボンブラツ
ク、ニグロシン、金属錯塩、コロイド状シリカ粉
末、フツ素系樹脂粉末、高級脂肪族の金属塩など
が用いられる。 Charge control as an additive other than magnetic materials and colorants,
For purposes such as prevention of aggregation, carbon black, nigrosine, metal complex salts, colloidal silica powder, fluororesin powder, higher aliphatic metal salts, etc. are used.
懸濁重合粒子の凝集を防止するために活性剤又
は無機微粉末を使用しうる。活性剤としては、ド
デシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ペンタデ
シル硫酸ナトリウム、オクチル硫酸ナトリウム、
アリル−アルキル−ポリエーテルスルホン酸ナト
リウム、オレイン酸ナトリウム、ラウリン酸ナト
リウム、オレイン酸カルシウム、カプリル酸ナト
リウム、カプロン酸ナトリウム等がある。無機微
粉末としては、リン酸三カルシウム、タルク、硫
酸バリウム、ベントナイト、水酸化アルミニウ
ム、水酸化第二鉄、水酸化チタン、シリカ、酸化
チタン、酸化亜鉛等がある。 Activators or inorganic fine powders may be used to prevent agglomeration of suspended polymerized particles. Activators include sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium pentadecyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate,
Examples include sodium allyl-alkyl-polyether sulfonate, sodium oleate, sodium laurate, calcium oleate, sodium caprylate, and sodium caproate. Examples of the inorganic fine powder include tricalcium phosphate, talc, barium sulfate, bentonite, aluminum hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, titanium hydroxide, silica, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide.
重合開始剤としては、典型的なフリーラジカル
開始剤が用いられる。例えばフリーラジカル開始
剤としては、t−ブチルハイドロパーオキサイ
ド、過安息香酸、過酸化ベンゾイル、ターシヤリ
ーブチルパーアセテート、アゾビスイソブチロニ
トリル等があり、開始剤濃度はモノマーに対して
0.3〜0.8wt%の範囲で用いることが好ましい。 Typical free radical initiators are used as polymerization initiators. For example, free radical initiators include t-butyl hydroperoxide, perbenzoic acid, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl peracetate, azobisisobutyronitrile, etc., and the initiator concentration is relative to the monomer.
It is preferable to use it in a range of 0.3 to 0.8 wt%.
本発明の一般的製法について説明する。懸濁重
合の第1工程では、重合開始剤、磁性体、単量体
及び添加剤を均一に溶解又は分散せしめた単量体
系トナー材料を、懸濁安定剤を含有する水相すな
わち連続相中に通常の撹拌機又はホモミキサー、
ホモジナイザ等により分散せしめる。好ましくは
単量体液滴が、所望のトナー粒子のサイズ、一般
に30μ以下の大きさを有する様に撹拌速度、時間
を調整し、その後は分散安定剤の作用によりほぼ
その状態が維持される様、撹拌を粒子の沈降が防
止される程度に行なえばよい。重合温度は50℃以
上、一般的には70℃〜90℃の温度に設定し重合を
行う。 The general manufacturing method of the present invention will be explained. In the first step of suspension polymerization, a monomer-based toner material in which a polymerization initiator, magnetic material, monomer, and additives are uniformly dissolved or dispersed is placed in an aqueous phase, that is, a continuous phase, containing a suspension stabilizer. A regular stirrer or homomixer,
Disperse using a homogenizer or the like. Preferably, the stirring speed and time are adjusted so that the monomer droplets have the desired toner particle size, generally 30 μm or less, and thereafter this state is maintained approximately by the action of the dispersion stabilizer. Stirring may be carried out to the extent that sedimentation of particles is prevented. The polymerization temperature is set at 50°C or higher, generally 70°C to 90°C.
第2工程では第1の工程で得られた重合体粒子
を種として、第1の工程で用いたのと同種又は異
種の単量体を注意深くコントロールしながら注入
して吸着させる。最良の結果を得ようとすれば、
単量体添加速度を注意深くコントロールすること
が重要である。もし添加速度が小さすぎれば重合
時間が不当に長くなり、もし添加速度が大きすぎ
ると大量の微細な粒子が生じるだけではなく、種
の粒子が合着する傾向にあり凝集物を生じ易い。
一般に、単量体は、粒子により単量体が吸着され
るのとほぼ同じ速度で添加すべきである。種とな
る重合体粒子の表面は単量体を吸着し、表面は膨
潤せしめられる。この膨潤が表面のみで行なわれ
る場合には結果的に単量体で被覆されて開始剤に
より重合される為、着色剤や磁性体で汚されてい
ない又は汚れの少ない平滑な面をもつことができ
る。又、種となる重合体粒子に対し単量体の量を
調整することにより所望の粒径になるようコント
ロールすることが可能となる。 In the second step, using the polymer particles obtained in the first step as seeds, the same or different monomers used in the first step are injected and adsorbed under careful control. If you want to get the best results,
It is important to carefully control the monomer addition rate. If the addition rate is too low, the polymerization time will be unduly long; if the addition rate is too high, not only will a large amount of fine particles be produced, but the seed particles will tend to coalesce and form agglomerates.
Generally, monomer should be added at about the same rate as the monomer is adsorbed by the particles. The surface of the seed polymer particles adsorbs the monomer, causing the surface to swell. If this swelling occurs only on the surface, the surface is coated with monomer and polymerized by the initiator, so it is possible to have a smooth surface that is not contaminated with colorants or magnetic substances, or with little stain. can. Furthermore, by adjusting the amount of monomer in the seed polymer particles, it is possible to control the particle size to a desired value.
以下、本発明を実施例により説明する。 The present invention will be explained below using examples.
実施例 1
280gのスチレンと120gのブチルメタクリレー
トと、磁性体(戸田工業EPT1000)240gと、ア
セチルサリチル酸クロム錯体8gをオートホモミ
キサー(特殊機化工業製M型)を用いて5000rpm
で30分間撹拌混合を行ない、モノマー中への磁性
体染料を充分に分散した。次いで30gのラウロイ
ルパーオキサイドを上記マグネタイト含有スチレ
ンブチルメタクリレートモノマー中へ撹拌混合を
行なつた。イオン交換水600g中に親水性シリカ
微粉末(日本エロジル製エロジル200)10gを分
散したものを70℃に保ちオートホモミキサーを撹
拌しながら上記スラリーを投入し、5000rpmで30
分間撹拌した。この反応混合系をパドル刃撹拌で
撹拌し重合を行ない第一工程の重合を完結させて
重合体粒子を生成した。Example 1 280 g of styrene, 120 g of butyl methacrylate, 240 g of magnetic material (Toda Kogyo EPT1000), and 8 g of chromium acetylsalicylate complex were mixed at 5000 rpm using an autohomogen mixer (Model M manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo).
The mixture was stirred and mixed for 30 minutes to fully disperse the magnetic dye in the monomer. Next, 30 g of lauroyl peroxide was stirred and mixed into the magnetite-containing styrene butyl methacrylate monomer. Disperse 10 g of hydrophilic silica fine powder (Erosil 200 manufactured by Nippon Erosil) in 600 g of ion-exchanged water, keep the temperature at 70°C, add the above slurry to an autohomogen mixer with stirring, and mix at 5000 rpm for 30 minutes.
Stir for a minute. This reaction mixture system was stirred with paddle blade stirring to carry out polymerization, completing the first step of polymerization and producing polymer particles.
しかる後に過酸化ベンゾイルを溶解せしめたス
チレン100gを2時間にわたつて摘下し、重合体
粒子表面を被覆し、その後3時間重合せしめて生
長を完結させた。上記分散系を水洗ロ過を行な
い、ロ液の電気伝導度がイオン交換水に近くなる
まで水洗ロ過を繰り返えした後、50℃の乾燥器で
24時間乾燥し、平均粒径8μの粒子を得た。この
トナーをキヤノンNP400REに供し複写を行なつ
た所、カブリのない鮮明な画像を得ることができ
た。その時の画像濃度は1.2であり、トナーの転
写率は85%であつた。 Thereafter, 100 g of styrene in which benzoyl peroxide had been dissolved was removed over a period of 2 hours to coat the surface of the polymer particles, followed by polymerization for 3 hours to complete growth. The above dispersion system was washed with water and filtered, and after repeating the washing and filtration process until the electrical conductivity of the filtrate became close to that of ion-exchanged water, it was placed in a dryer at 50℃.
After drying for 24 hours, particles with an average particle size of 8 μm were obtained. When this toner was used for copying with a Canon NP400RE, clear images with no fogging could be obtained. The image density at that time was 1.2, and the toner transfer rate was 85%.
比較例 1
実施例1の第2工程をはぶいた以外は全く同じ
方法で懸濁重合を行い水洗ろ過乾燥を行なつて平
均粒径7μのトナーを得た。これをNP400RE複写
機で画像を出した所、画像濃度は0.7、転写率は
60%で画質も劣つていた。Comparative Example 1 Suspension polymerization was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that the second step was omitted, followed by water washing, filtration and drying to obtain a toner having an average particle size of 7 μm. When I printed this image on an NP400RE copying machine, the image density was 0.7 and the transfer rate was
The image quality was also poor at 60%.
実施例 2
スチレン100g、カーボンブラツク10gとアセ
チルサリチル酸クロム錯体とをボールミルで均一
に分散混合した後、2,2−アゾビス−2,4−
(ジメチルバレロニトリル)を加えて溶解せしめ
た。イオン交換水300gにリン酸カルシウム3g
とドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを加え
て溶液中に上記スラリーをオートホモミキサー
5000rpmの撹拌速度で撹拌しながら投入した。そ
の後60℃で7時間反応を行なつて第一工程の重合
反応を終えた。Example 2 After uniformly dispersing and mixing 100 g of styrene, 10 g of carbon black, and chromium acetylsalicylate complex in a ball mill, 2,2-azobis-2,4-
(dimethylvaleronitrile) was added and dissolved. 3g calcium phosphate in 300g ion exchange water
Add sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and autohomogenize the above slurry into solution.
The mixture was added while stirring at a stirring speed of 5000 rpm. Thereafter, the reaction was carried out at 60°C for 7 hours to complete the first step polymerization reaction.
次いで、70℃に昇温し、2gの2,2−アゾビ
スイソブチロニトリルを溶解したスチレン50gを
4時間にわたつて滴下し、その後、5時間反応を
行なつて重合を終えた。 Next, the temperature was raised to 70°C, and 50 g of styrene in which 2 g of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile had been dissolved was added dropwise over 4 hours, followed by 5 hours of reaction to complete the polymerization.
上記反応物を真空ロ過器を用いて、水洗ろ過を
行い、ろ液の電気伝導度がイオン交換水のそれと
殆んど変らなくなるまで水洗ろ過を繰り返した
後、50℃の乾燥器中に24時間放置し、粒径8μの
トナーを得た。 The above reaction product was washed and filtered with water using a vacuum filter, and the water washing and filtration was repeated until the electrical conductivity of the filtrate was almost the same as that of ion exchange water, and then placed in a dryer at 50°C for 24 hours. After leaving it for a while, a toner with a particle size of 8 μm was obtained.
このトナーと鉄粉EFV(日本鉄粉製)250/400
メツシユとを混合し、トナー濃度8%の現像剤を
調整し、NP−5000機で複写を行なつた所、カブ
リのない鮮明な画像が得られた。また10万枚の耐
久試験においても劣化は見られなかつた。 This toner and iron powder EFV (made by Nippon Iron Powder) 250/400
When a developer with a toner concentration of 8% was prepared by mixing the developer with a mesh and copying was performed using an NP-5000 machine, a clear image without fogging was obtained. Furthermore, no deterioration was observed in the durability test of 100,000 sheets.
比較例 2
実施例2の第1工程以降を省いた以外は実施例
2と全く同じ方法で重合反応を行なつたものを水
洗ろ過乾燥して粒径7μのトナーを得た。このト
ナーとEFVとを混合してトナー濃度8%の現像
剤を調してNP−5000機に供したが、画像濃度の
低い不鮮明な画像しか得られなかつた。Comparative Example 2 A polymerization reaction was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 2 except that the first step and subsequent steps of Example 2 were omitted, followed by washing, filtering and drying to obtain a toner having a particle size of 7 μm. This toner and EFV were mixed to prepare a developer having a toner concentration of 8%, which was then applied to an NP-5000 machine, but only a blurred image with low image density was obtained.
Claims (1)
むトナー材料を、前記単量体とほとんど相溶しな
い水系分散媒中に分散させて懸濁重合法で粒子を
作製する第1重合工程と、前記粒子に合成樹脂単
量体を吸着させて該合成樹脂単量体で前記粒子を
被覆し重合せしめる第2重合工程とを有すること
を特徴とするトナーの製造方法。1. A first polymerization step in which a toner material containing a synthetic resin monomer, a polymerization initiator, and an additive is dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium that is almost incompatible with the monomer to produce particles by a suspension polymerization method. A method for producing a toner, comprising: a second polymerization step of adsorbing a synthetic resin monomer onto the particles, and coating and polymerizing the particles with the synthetic resin monomer.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP57171927A JPS5961843A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1982-09-30 | Production of toner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP57171927A JPS5961843A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1982-09-30 | Production of toner |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5961843A JPS5961843A (en) | 1984-04-09 |
JPH0441344B2 true JPH0441344B2 (en) | 1992-07-08 |
Family
ID=15932416
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP57171927A Granted JPS5961843A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1982-09-30 | Production of toner |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5961843A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE456119B (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1988-09-05 | Casco Nobel Ab | Toner particles for electrophotographic copying |
EP0305378B1 (en) * | 1987-03-18 | 1990-07-18 | Casco Nobel Ab | Toner particles for electrophotographic copying and processes for their preparation |
DE69329811T2 (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 2001-08-16 | Kao Corp., Tokio/Tokyo | Capsule toner for heat and pressure fixation and process for its production |
-
1982
- 1982-09-30 JP JP57171927A patent/JPS5961843A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5961843A (en) | 1984-04-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4609607A (en) | Magnetic toner and process for producing the same | |
JPH0715596B2 (en) | Method for producing polymerized toner | |
EP0254026B1 (en) | Process for producing toner | |
JPH0389361A (en) | Production of polymerized toner | |
JPS6410822B2 (en) | ||
JPH0441344B2 (en) | ||
JP2736975B2 (en) | Method for producing polymerized toner for developing electrostatic images | |
JPH07120076B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing toner for developing electrostatic image | |
JPH04156555A (en) | Manufacture of toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
JPS63173067A (en) | Production of polymerized toner | |
JPH0723969B2 (en) | Toner manufacturing method | |
JPS62266559A (en) | Production of toner | |
JP3128897B2 (en) | Method for producing polymerized toner | |
JPS6410827B2 (en) | ||
JPH0713762B2 (en) | Toner manufacturing method | |
JPH0416860A (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic latent image and production thereof | |
JPS62266561A (en) | Production of polymer toner | |
JPH0695223B2 (en) | Magnetic toner | |
JPH0429250A (en) | Manufacture of electrostatic charge image developing toner | |
JPH0740146B2 (en) | Method for producing polymerized toner | |
JPH05100483A (en) | Production of polymer toner | |
JPH0414054A (en) | Manufacture of polymerized toner | |
JPS6410821B2 (en) | ||
JPH10301330A (en) | Production of toner particles | |
JP2003107799A (en) | Toner producing method |