JPH04181965A - Electrophotographic device - Google Patents
Electrophotographic deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04181965A JPH04181965A JP2310715A JP31071590A JPH04181965A JP H04181965 A JPH04181965 A JP H04181965A JP 2310715 A JP2310715 A JP 2310715A JP 31071590 A JP31071590 A JP 31071590A JP H04181965 A JPH04181965 A JP H04181965A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- oldham coupling
- intermediate member
- roller
- polyacetal
- driving member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産−上のＪ
この発明は、レーザを用いた、プリンタ・複写機・ファ
クシミリなと、電子写真方式（感光体に形成した画像を
用紙や封筒等の記録媒体に転写して記録を行う方式）に
より記録媒体に記録を行う電子写真装置に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] Production - Upper J This invention applies to printers, copiers, facsimile machines, and electrophotographic methods (transferring images formed on photoreceptors to recording media such as paper and envelopes) using lasers. The present invention relates to an electrophotographic apparatus that performs recording on a recording medium using a method of recording on a recording medium.
皿」ビυＬ度
従来、この種の電子写真装置では、装置本体内の駆動モ
ータからの回転を、たとえば第７図に示すようにオルタ
ムカップリング１を介して現像器におけるドクタローラ
２のローラ軸３に伝え、ド゛クタローラ２を回転して現
像ローラ表面のトナー層を薄層化している。Conventionally, in this type of electrophotographic apparatus, rotation from a drive motor within the apparatus main body is transmitted to the roller shaft of a doctor roller 2 in a developing device via an ortum coupling 1, as shown in FIG. 3, the doctor roller 2 is rotated to thin the toner layer on the surface of the developing roller.
ところで、前記オルダムカップリングｌは、中間部材４
を焼結体または黄銅で形成するとともに、その中間部材
４を挟む駆動部材５と従動部材６とをボリアでタールで
形成していた。By the way, the Oldham coupling l is the intermediate member 4.
is made of a sintered body or brass, and the drive member 5 and driven member 6 sandwiching the intermediate member 4 are made of boria and tar.
ｅが解°′、しようとする課題
しかしなから、従来の焼結体の中間部材４と、ボリアで
タールの駆動部材５および従動部材６との組合せによる
オルダムカップリング１の場合は、摩擦係数が高いので
摺動性能が悪く、軸心にズレを生じる問題がある。そし
て、軸心にズレを生じると、現像ローラに対する前記ド
クタローラ２の接触が悪くなって薄層化不良をまねき、
濃度ムラを生じて画像品質を低下する不具合があった。However, in the case of the Oldham coupling 1 which is a combination of a conventional intermediate member 4 made of a sintered body, and a driving member 5 and a driven member 6 made of boria and tar, the coefficient of friction is Because of the high friction, the sliding performance is poor and there is a problem of misalignment of the shaft center. If the axis is misaligned, the contact between the doctor roller 2 and the developing roller becomes poor, resulting in poor layer thinning.
There was a problem in that density unevenness occurred and image quality deteriorated.
また、前記ドクタローラ２に押し当てるシール部材と現
像ローラに押し当てるシール部材の間にギャツブを生じ
、そこからトナ＝が漏れて外部へ飛散する不具合もあっ
た。Further, there was a problem in that a gap was formed between the sealing member pressed against the doctor roller 2 and the sealing member pressed against the developing roller, and the toner leaked from the gap and was scattered outside.
一方、従来の黄銅の中間部材４と、ポリアセタールの駆
動部材５および従動部材６との組合せによるオルダムカ
ップリング１の場合は、摩擦係数が低いので摺動性能の
悪さに基づく不具合はないが、黄銅を切削加工するので
量産性に乏しくコストアップになる不具合であった。On the other hand, in the case of the Oldham coupling 1 which is a combination of the conventional intermediate member 4 made of brass and the driving member 5 and driven member 6 made of polyacetal, there is no problem due to poor sliding performance because the coefficient of friction is low. Since it requires cutting, it is not suitable for mass production and increases costs.
そこで、この発明の目的は、コストアップになることな
く摩擦係数を低くしてオルダムカップリングの摺動性能
の向上を図り、軸心にズレを生じることを防丘すること
にある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to improve the sliding performance of an Oldham coupling by lowering the coefficient of friction without increasing costs, and to prevent misalignment of the shaft center.
２ を 、するための手
上記目的を達成するために、この発明は、装置本体内の
駆動モータからの回転をオルダムカップリングを介して
現像器のローラ軸に伝達する電子写真装置において、前
記オルタムカップリングの中間部材をポリアセタールま
たはポリアミドのいずれか一方で形成し、その中間部材
を挾む駆動部材と従動部材とを他方で形成してなること
を特徴とする。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an electrophotographic apparatus that transmits rotation from a drive motor within an apparatus main body to a roller shaft of a developing unit via an Oldham coupling. The intermediate member of the coupling is made of either polyacetal or polyamide, and the driving member and driven member that sandwich the intermediate member are made of the other.
作 用
そして、中間部材を切削加工しないでオルダムカップリ
ングを形成するとともに、その摩擦係数を低くする。Function: The Oldham coupling is formed without cutting the intermediate member, and its coefficient of friction is lowered.
ｙ−」Ｅ−伍
以下、図面を参照しつつ、この発明の実施例につき説明
する。y-''E-5 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第６図には、この発明による一実施例であるし一ザプリ
ンタで、その内部機構の全体概略構成を示す。図中符号
１０はプリンタ本体、１１・１１はプリンタ本体１０に
備える給紙カセットである。FIG. 6 shows an overall schematic structure of the internal mechanism of a printer which is an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 10 is a printer main body, and 11 and 11 are paper feed cassettes provided in the printer main body 10.
その一方の給紙カセット１１から矢印イ方向に給送され
た用紙（記録媒体）６０は、レジストローラ対１２によ
ってタイミングをとってドラム状の感光体１３へと搬送
する。感応体１３は、時計方向に回転駆動し、その際帯
電チャージャ１４によって表面を一様に帯電し、レーザ
光学系１５からのレーザ光を照射してその感光体〕３上
に静電潜像を形成する。この潜像は現像器１６を通ると
きトナーによって可視像化し、二の可視像は感光体１３
へ搬送した用紙６０に転写チャージャ］７により転写し
、転写した用紙６０上の可視像は定着器１８によって定
着する。そして、定着器１８を出た用紙６０は、たとえ
ば矢印口方向の排紙部１９に排出する。一方、可視像転
写後の感光体１３は、クリーニング器２０によって残留
トナーを除去する。A paper (recording medium) 60 fed in the direction of arrow A from one of the paper feed cassettes 11 is conveyed to a drum-shaped photoreceptor 13 at a proper timing by a pair of registration rollers 12 . The sensitive body 13 is driven to rotate clockwise, its surface is uniformly charged by the charging charger 14, and a laser beam from the laser optical system 15 is irradiated to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive body 3. Form. This latent image is made visible by toner when it passes through the developing device 16, and a second visible image is formed on the photoreceptor 13.
The visible image is transferred onto the paper 60 conveyed to the paper 60 by the transfer charger] 7, and the visible image transferred onto the paper 60 is fixed by the fixing device 18. Then, the paper 60 that has left the fixing device 18 is discharged to a paper discharge section 19 in the direction of the arrow, for example. On the other hand, the cleaning device 20 removes residual toner from the photoreceptor 13 after the visible image has been transferred.
ところで、上述した現像器１６は、第３図乃至第５図に
示すごとく構成する。図中２１は、ケーシングである。Incidentally, the above-mentioned developing device 16 is constructed as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5. 21 in the figure is a casing.
その内部には、感光体１３側に開口２２を有する現像室
２３と、上方に開口２４を有するトナー供給室２５とを
形成する。現像室２３内には、感光体］３上の潜像にト
ナーを付着する現像ローラ２６と、該現像ローラ２６に
押し当てて該現像ローラ２６表面のトナー層を１０〜２
０μに薄層化するドクタローラ２７と、該ドクタローラ
２７の表面に先端を押し当て、そのドクタローラ２７に
付着するトナーをかき落しクリーニングするスクレーパ
２８を収納配置する。そのスクレーパ２８の基端は、ね
じ２９でケーシング２１に固定する。前記現像ローラ２
６、ドクタローラ２７の軸方向両端部およびスクレーパ
２８の巾方向両端部に、それぞれトナー供給室２５側か
ら接触してシール部材３０を押し当てる。そのシール部
材３０は、基板３０ａと、その基板３０ａ上に多数植つ
けた植毛３０ｂとで構成する。トナー供給室２５には、
トナー３〕を収納するとともに、そのトナー３１を攪拌
するアジテータ３２およびトナー３１を現像ローラ２６
に給送するトナー補給ローラ３３を収納配置する。また
、トナー供給室２５の開口２４には、トナーを補給する
トナーカートリッジ３４を交換可能に取り付ける。A developing chamber 23 having an opening 22 on the side of the photoreceptor 13 and a toner supply chamber 25 having an opening 24 above are formed therein. Inside the developing chamber 23, there is a developing roller 26 that attaches toner to the latent image on the photoconductor 3, and a toner layer on the surface of the developing roller 26 that is pressed against the developing roller 26.
A doctor roller 27 that is thinned to 0μ and a scraper 28 that presses its tip against the surface of the doctor roller 27 to scrape off and clean the toner adhering to the doctor roller 27 are housed and arranged. The base end of the scraper 28 is fixed to the casing 21 with a screw 29. The developing roller 2
6. Press the seal member 30 into contact with both axial ends of the doctor roller 27 and both widthwise ends of the scraper 28 from the toner supply chamber 25 side. The sealing member 30 is composed of a substrate 30a and a large number of flocks 30b planted on the substrate 30a. In the toner supply chamber 25,
toner 3] and an agitator 32 that agitates the toner 31 and a developing roller 26 that stores the toner 31.
A toner replenishing roller 33 for feeding the toner is housed and arranged. Further, a toner cartridge 34 for replenishing toner is replaceably attached to the opening 24 of the toner supply chamber 25.
さて、この発明では、第１図に示すように前記現像ロー
ラ２６のローラ軸３８の両端をベアリング３９を介して
支持するとともに、そのローラ軸３８の一端にオルダム
カップリング４０を介して駆動ギヤ４１を取り付ける。Now, in this invention, as shown in FIG. Attach.
その駆動ギヤ４Ｊには、駆動モータ５０からの回転を図
示しないギヤ列を介して伝える。また、前記ドクタロー
ラ２７のローラ軸４２の両端をベアリング４３を介して
支持するとともに、そのローラ軸４２の一端にオルダム
カップリング５０を介してギヤ５〕を地り付ける。そし
て、該ギヤ５１と前記駆動ギヤ４０は、それらの間に図
示しないアイドラキでを介してかみ合わす、前記オルダ
ムカップリング５０は、第２図に示すようにそれぞれ円
盤状の駆動部材５２、中間部材５３および従動部材５４
で構成する。前記駆動部材５２はギヤ５１の中心軸４５
に一体に設け、たとえばポリアセタールで形成し、その
−側面に中心軸４５の回転中心Ｏを通る直線凸条５２ａ
を設ける。該直線凸条５２ａにスライド自在に係合する
直線溝５３ａを前記中間部材５３の一側面に形成する。Rotation from the drive motor 50 is transmitted to the drive gear 4J via a gear train (not shown). Further, both ends of the roller shaft 42 of the doctor roller 27 are supported via bearings 43, and a gear 5] is attached to one end of the roller shaft 42 via an Oldham coupling 50. The gear 51 and the driving gear 40 are engaged with each other through an idler (not shown) between them.The Oldham coupling 50 is comprised of a disc-shaped driving member 52 and an intermediate member, respectively, as shown in FIG. 53 and driven member 54
Consists of. The driving member 52 is connected to the central shaft 45 of the gear 51.
A linear protrusion 52a passing through the center of rotation O of the central shaft 45 is provided on the side surface of the ridge, and is formed of polyacetal, for example.
will be established. A linear groove 53a that slidably engages with the linear protrusion 52a is formed on one side of the intermediate member 53.
前記中間部材５３は、たとえばポリアミドで形成し、前
記直前溝５３ａのある側と反対の他側面にその直線溝５
３ａに直交する別の直線溝５３ｂを設ける。その別の直
線溝５３ｂにスライド自在に係合する直線凸条５４ａを
前記従動部材５４の一側面に設ける。前記従動部材５４
はドクタローラ２７のローラ軸４２に一体に設け、前記
駆動部材５２と同じくポリアセタールで形成し、その直
線凸条５４ａはローラ軸４２の回転中心０′ を通る。The intermediate member 53 is made of polyamide, for example, and has a straight groove 5 on the other side opposite to the side where the immediately preceding groove 53a is located.
Another straight groove 53b is provided perpendicular to 3a. A linear protrusion 54a that slidably engages with the other linear groove 53b is provided on one side of the driven member 54. The driven member 54
is provided integrally with the roller shaft 42 of the doctor roller 27, and is made of polyacetal like the driving member 52, and its linear protrusion 54a passes through the rotation center 0' of the roller shaft 42.
しかして、前記駆動モータ５５を回転駆動すると、その
回転をギヤ列を介して駆動ギヤ４〕に伝え、ローラ軸３
８に伝達して現像ローラ２６を回動する。同時に前記駆
動ギヤ４］からの回転を前記ギヤ５１に伝えて前記オル
タムカップリング５０の駆動部材５２を回動する。そし
て、直線凸条５２ａと直線溝５３ａとがかみ合って駆動
部材５２の回転を中間部材５３に伝え、さらに直線溝５
３ｂと直線凸条５４ａとがかみ合いその中間部材５３の
回転を従動部材５４に伝えてローラ軸４２に伝達してド
クタローラ２７を回動する。そうじて、前記駆動部材５
２と従動部材５４の軸心Ｏ・○′がズしているときは、
前記中間部材５３が摺動して回転をスムーズに伝える。When the drive motor 55 is driven to rotate, the rotation is transmitted to the drive gear 4 through the gear train, and the roller shaft 3
8 to rotate the developing roller 26. At the same time, the rotation from the driving gear 4 is transmitted to the gear 51 to rotate the driving member 52 of the alternating coupling 50. Then, the linear protrusion 52a and the linear groove 53a mesh with each other to transmit the rotation of the drive member 52 to the intermediate member 53.
3b and the linear protrusion 54a engage with each other, and the rotation of the intermediate member 53 is transmitted to the driven member 54 and then to the roller shaft 42, thereby rotating the doctor roller 27. Then, the driving member 5
If the axes O and ○' of 2 and the driven member 54 are misaligned,
The intermediate member 53 slides and smoothly transmits rotation.
なお、上述した実施例では、駆動部材５２および従動部
材５４をポリアセタールで形成する一方、中間部材５３
をポリアミドで形成する構成とした。In the above embodiment, the driving member 52 and the driven member 54 are made of polyacetal, while the intermediate member 53 is made of polyacetal.
was made of polyamide.
しかし、この発明では、駆動部材５２および従動部材５
４をポリアミドで形成する一方、中間部材５３をポリア
セタールで形成する構成としてもよい。However, in this invention, the driving member 52 and the driven member 5
4 may be made of polyamide, while the intermediate member 53 may be made of polyacetal.
また、上述した実施例では、現像器１６のドクタローラ
２７のローラ軸４２に備えるオルダムカップリング５０
の中間部材５３をポリアセタールまたはポリアミドのい
ずれか一方で形成し、その中間部材５３を挾む駆動部材
５２と従動部材５４とを他方で形成する構成とした。し
かし、この発明では、現像器１６の現像ローラ２６のロ
ーラ軸３８に備えるオルダムカップリング４０をポリア
セタールとポリアミドとの組合せにより形成する構成と
してもよい。Further, in the embodiment described above, the Oldham coupling 50 provided on the roller shaft 42 of the doctor roller 27 of the developing device 16
The intermediate member 53 is formed of either polyacetal or polyamide, and the drive member 52 and driven member 54 that sandwich the intermediate member 53 are formed of the other. However, in the present invention, the Oldham coupling 40 provided on the roller shaft 38 of the developing roller 26 of the developing device 16 may be formed of a combination of polyacetal and polyamide.
且里二欠呈
以上のことから、二の発明に係る電子写真装置によれば
、オルダムカップリングの中間部材を成型し、切削加工
しないので、量産し易くコストダウンを図ることができ
る。In view of the above, according to the electrophotographic apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention, the intermediate member of the Oldham coupling is molded without being cut, making mass production easier and reducing costs.
また、オルダムカップリングの摩擦係数が低くなるので
、その摺動性能を向上させ、回転をスムーズに伝えるこ
とができる。したがって、たとえば現像ローラとドクタ
ローラ、または現像ローラと感光体の接触不良を防止し
て薄層化不良や現像不良を防止でき、画像品質の低下を
防止できるし、現像ローラとドクタローラの各両端のシ
ール部材間にギャップを生じることを防ぎ、そのギャッ
プからのトナー漏れを防止できる、Furthermore, since the coefficient of friction of the Oldham coupling is lowered, its sliding performance is improved and rotation can be transmitted smoothly. Therefore, for example, it is possible to prevent poor contact between the developing roller and the doctor roller, or between the developing roller and the photoreceptor, thereby preventing poor layer thinning and poor development, preventing deterioration in image quality, and sealing the ends of the developing roller and doctor roller. Prevents gaps between parts and prevents toner from leaking from the gaps.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例であるレーザプリンタにお
ける現像器の一部の概略構成図、第２図はその現像器の
ドクタローラに回転を伝えるオルタムカップリングの斜
視図、第３図はその現像器の全体概略構成図、第４図は
その現像器の一部の拡大図、第５図はそのシール部材の
拡大図、第６図はその現像器を備えるレーザプリンタの
内部機構の全体概略構成図、第７図は従来例で、現像器
のドクタローラに回転を伝えるオルダムカッブリ
−ングの斜視図である。
１０・・・・・・・・・装置本体、１６・・・・・・・
・・現像器、５０・・・・・・・・オルダムカップリン
グ、５２・・・・・・・・・駆動部材、５３・・・・・
・・・・中間部材、５４・・・・・・・従動部材、５５
・・・・・・・・・駆動モータ。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a part of a developing device in a laser printer that is an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an ortum coupling that transmits rotation to a doctor roller of the developing device, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a part of the developing device, FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the seal member, and FIG. 6 is the entire internal mechanism of the laser printer equipped with the developing device. The schematic configuration diagram, Figure 7, is a conventional example, which uses an Oldham coupling that transmits rotation to the doctor roller of the developing device.
FIG. 10......Device body, 16......
...Developer, 50...Oldham coupling, 52...Drive member, 53...
...Intermediate member, 54...Followed member, 55
・・・・・・・・・Drive motor.
Claims (1)
ングを介して現像器のローラ軸に伝達する電子写真装置
において、前記オルダムカップリングの中間部材をポリ
アセタールまたはポリアミドのいずれか一方で形成し、
その中間部材を挟む駆動部材と従動部材とを他方で形成
してなる、電子写真装置。In an electrophotographic apparatus that transmits rotation from a drive motor within the apparatus main body to a roller shaft of a developing device via an Oldham coupling, an intermediate member of the Oldham coupling is formed of either polyacetal or polyamide,
An electrophotographic apparatus comprising a driving member and a driven member that sandwich the intermediate member.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2310715A JP3020597B2 (en) | 1990-11-16 | 1990-11-16 | Electrophotographic equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2310715A JP3020597B2 (en) | 1990-11-16 | 1990-11-16 | Electrophotographic equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04181965A true JPH04181965A (en) | 1992-06-29 |
| JP3020597B2 JP3020597B2 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
Family
ID=18008607
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2310715A Expired - Fee Related JP3020597B2 (en) | 1990-11-16 | 1990-11-16 | Electrophotographic equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3020597B2 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012103622A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-31 | Brother Ind Ltd | Oldham's coupling and image-forming device |
| JP2013536086A (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2013-09-19 | ヴァムコ・インターナショナル・インコーポレイテッド | Roll type material feeding apparatus and method |
| JP2014010193A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-20 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Laser scanner |
| JP2014153529A (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-25 | Brother Ind Ltd | Image forming apparatus |
| JP2018173669A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2018-11-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | Process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
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1990
- 1990-11-16 JP JP2310715A patent/JP3020597B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US9598254B2 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2017-03-21 | Vamco International, Inc | Roll type material feeding apparatus and method |
| JP2013536086A (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2013-09-19 | ヴァムコ・インターナショナル・インコーポレイテッド | Roll type material feeding apparatus and method |
| US8731439B2 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2014-05-20 | Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Coupling, image forming apparatus and cartridge |
| JP2012103622A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-31 | Brother Ind Ltd | Oldham's coupling and image-forming device |
| JP2014010193A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-20 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Laser scanner |
| JP2018173669A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2018-11-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | Process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
| US10691063B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2020-06-23 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
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| US11687029B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2023-06-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
| US12130581B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2024-10-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
| US12174582B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2024-12-24 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process cartridge and image forming apparatus |
| JP2014153529A (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-25 | Brother Ind Ltd | Image forming apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3020597B2 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
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