JPH04127970A - Method and apparatus for manufacturing gradient composite raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing a gradient composite material.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Generally, when a plurality of metal materials having different compositions are sequentially joined to a metal material having a predetermined composition to form a graded composite material, discontinuity in properties occurs at the interface. On the other hand, graded composite materials, in which the compositions of adjacent metal materials are transitioned as closely and continuously as possible, have great advantages in terms of various properties because the functional gradient or change in properties has a gentle gradient. It is useful as a material in various industrial fields, for example, as an electronic component material.

Conventional methods for manufacturing such graded composite materials include sputtering, pressure bonding, metal powder sintering, and the like. However, the method using sputtering requires a long time to grow each layer, making it difficult to efficiently produce a graded composite material of a required thickness, resulting in problems in cost and construction time. In addition, in the method of stacking and bonding a plurality of plates with different compositions with inclined functions and then rolling them to obtain a thin strip, as the number of stacked plates increases or the degree of inclination increases, the thickness of each layer increases. Since the crimp bondability decreases, it is not possible to achieve a good balance between crimp bondability and the degree of functional gradient on both the front and back surfaces.
Furthermore, in the method of sintering metal powder, the solidified structure is generally rough and rolling processing is difficult. Furthermore, both the pressure bonding method and the metal powder sintering method have similar problems in terms of cost and construction period.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention has been made in view of such conventional technical problems, and the structure of the invention described in claim (1) is to uniformly mix metal powders of a plurality of types or compositions at an arbitrary mixing ratio. Using a powder plasma welding device that supplies the mixed powder mixed by a mixing device from a powder feed port, a weld layer consisting of an initial weld bead and a weld layer consisting of a final weld bead are welded to a metal having a predetermined composition. In addition to overlay welding with powder, the multiple weld layers between them are overlay welded with metal powder having a gradually graded composition to form a gradient composite material, and the gradient composite material is then rolled and thinned. This is a method for manufacturing a sloped composite material into a band.

Then, the weld layer consisting of the initial weld bead can be deposited overlay onto a substrate of a predetermined type or composition.

In addition, the structure of the invention described in claim (3) includes a storage tank that individually stores metal powders of a plurality of types or compositions, and a weighing machine that weighs the metal powders from the storage tank to obtain an arbitrary mixing ratio. , using a mixing device that uniformly mixes weighed metal powder, and the mixed powder mixed by the mixing device, welding in four or more layers so that each layer forms a welding layer of metal powder with a different composition. The weld layer consisting of the initial weld bead and the weld layer consisting of the final weld bead are welded together using metal powder having a predetermined composition, and the compositions of the multiple weld layers between them are gradually graded. This is a manufacturing device for a gradient composite material, which includes a powder plasma welding device that performs overlay welding with metal powder to form a gradient composite material, and a rolling device that rolls the gradient composite material into a ribbon.

[Effect]

According to the invention described in claim (1), the zero types of different metal powders in which metal powders of a plurality of types or compositions are used as welding materials are, for example, copper powder and aluminum powder, or stainless steel powder and aluminum powder, or copper powder. It is a powder. These metal powders are uniformly mixed by a mixing device at an arbitrary mixing ratio, and the mixed powder is supplied from a powder feed port of a powder plasma welding device. Using this powder plasma welding equipment, a weld layer consisting of an initial weld bead is formed by overlaying, for example, as a weld layer of 100% steel powder, and then a layer of 90% steel powder - 10% aluminum powder is deposited on top of this weld layer. Formed by overlay welding as a welding layer. Weld layers having different mixing ratios are sequentially formed by build-up welding, and a final weld layer consisting of a weld bead is formed by build-up welding as a weld layer of 100% aluminum powder. In this way, four or more welded layers are built up and welded with metal powder having a gradually changed composition to form a graded composite material, and then the graded composite material is rolled and the graded composite material is made into a thin strip. Instead of the zero different metal powders produced, metal powders with different compositions can also be used.

Then, if the weld layer consisting of the initial weld bead is built up and welded to a substrate of a predetermined type or composition, the above-mentioned first! il
] The welding layer consisting of an i-contact bead can be omitted.

Moreover, according to the invention described in claim (3), first, the metal powder A is supplied from the storage tank to the weighing machine, and the metal powder weighed in an appropriate amount is supplied to the mixing device.

For example, if metal powder B, which is different in type or composition from metal powder A, is not supplied to the mixing device, only metal powder A is available, so there is no need to drive a special mixing device, and this metal powder A is powder plasma welded. While feeding the powder into the powder feed port of the device, overlay welding is performed on a sacrificial substrate made of a material different from that of metal powder A, and a weld layer of 100% metal powder A is formed by an initial weld bead. The sacrificial substrate is made of
In addition to making the composition significantly different from metal powder A, the current, voltage, welding speed, etc. are set to #JR clause, and the dilution rate is set to approximately 0. When overlay welding using metal powder A as material on the sacrificial substrate is completed, if metal powder A remains between the mixing device and the powder plasma welding device,
Remove this.

Next, supply metal powder A from the storage tank to the weighing machine, supply the appropriate amount of the weighed metal powder A to the mixing device, and supply metal powder B from another storage tank to the weighing machine,
A suitable amount of metal powder B is weighed and fed to a mixing device. Each weighing machine weighs so that the mixing ratio is, for example, 90% metal powder A and 10% metal powder B. The metal powders A and B having a predetermined ratio are uniformly mixed by driving a mixing device, and the mixed powders A and B are fed into the welding material feed port 13a as welding materials, and are then deposited on the welding layer of 100% metal powder A. A welding layer of 90% metal powder A and 10% metal powder B is formed by overlay welding. The welding layer of 100% metal powder A formed by powder plasma welding equipment can have a smooth surface, so the welding layer of 90% metal powder A-10% metal powder B formed on this welding layer is Good smoothness can also be obtained. A welding layer is formed by the same procedure while gradually changing the mixing ratio of metal powders A and B. The last weld layer is formed as a final weld bead of 100% metal powder B, for example.

Then, from the thus formed graded composite material,
Remove the sacrificial substrate. Since a welding layer of 100% metal powder A is formed on the sacrificial substrate at a dilution rate of approximately O, the sacrificial substrate can be easily peeled and separated. The graded composite material from which the sacrificial substrate has been removed is fed between a pair of rolling rolls of a rolling device to obtain a graded composite material consisting of a thin ribbon having a predetermined thickness. Gradient composite materials manufactured using a powder plasma welding device have a dense structure, so they can be easily processed using a rolling device. The gradient composite material thus obtained becomes a functional material in which the mixed composition of metal powders A and B gradually and gently changes from the welding layer of 100% metal powder A to the welding layer of 100% metal powder B. The gentler the slope of the zero composition, the better the bonding properties. The thickness of each weld layer and the number of buses can be set relatively freely using the powder plasma welding device. This graded composite material can be used, for example, as an electronic device material.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 4, the reference numeral 1a in FIG.

1b indicates storage tanks each having a gate, one storage tank 1a stores metal powder A, and the other storage tank 1b stores metal powder B of a different type from metal powder A. Each storage tank 1a.

The metal powders A and B flowing out from the gate of 1b are transferred to a weighing machine 4.5 connected to each storage tank 1a and lb via piping 2.3.
The appropriate amount is weighed out. The weighing by the weighing machine 45 is as follows:
Metal powders A and B are stirred and mixed by a mixing device 1O, which will be described later, so that a predetermined mixing ratio is achieved.

The metal powders A and B weighed by the weighing machines 4 and 5 are supplied to the mixing device 10 through pipes 8 and 9 each having a valve 6.7, and are uniformly mixed to a predetermined mixing ratio. A supply device 20 is connected to the mixing device 10 via a pipe 12 equipped with a valve 11 and a hopper 23, and the mixed powders A and B are supplied to the powder feed port 13a of the powder plasma welding layer W13 through a pipe 24. It can be supplied in appropriate amounts through the medium.

Here, the powder plasma welding apparatus 13 shown in FIG.
It has a known structure including a cooling water circulation mechanism 13f and a cooling water circulation mechanism 13f. The details of the tip of the plasma torch 13c are shown in FIG. 4, and the plasma gas 13i is supplied between the electrode 13g and the restrained nozzle 13h, and the shielding gas 13k is supplied between the restrained nozzle 13h and the gas nozzle 13j. The mixed powders A and B are supplied along with the shielding gas 13k. Thus, by applying the plasma arc current a1 from the DC welding power source 13b between the electrode 13g and the sacrificial group Fi14, and applying the plasma jet current a between the electrode 8i13g and the restraint nozzle 13h, the electrode Pilot arc 13 between 13g and sacrificial substrate 14
1 and main arc 13m are formed, main arc 1
The mixed powders A and B melted within 3 m can be overlay-welded onto the sacrificial substrate work 4.

FIG. 3 shows the main part of the rolling device 21, in which a pair of rolling rolls 21a and 21b are used to form a ribbon of a predetermined thickness by welding a gradient composite material 15, which is made by welding four or more layers of metal powder AB at an arbitrary mixing ratio. The graded composite material 22 can be rolled.

Next, a process of manufacturing the inclined composite material 22 using the manufacturing apparatus having such a configuration will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, welding layers 15a and 10 made of 100% metal powder A
Between the welding layer 15 of 0% metal powder B and the nine welding layers 1 with gradually different mixing ratios of metal powders A and B,
The case of forming 5b to 15j will be specifically explained.

Here, for example, metal powder A is steel powder, and metal powder B is aluminum powder. First, the metal powder A is supplied from the storage tank 1a to the weighing machine 4, and the appropriate amount of the weighed metal powder A is supplied to the mixing device 10 through the pipe 8 by opening the valve 6. The metal powder B is not supplied to the mixing device 10. In this case, only the metal powder A is supplied, so there is no need to drive the special mixing device 10, and this metal powder A is supplied to the pipe 12 equipped with the valve 11 and the hopper 2.
Then, the powder plasma welding device 13 is driven, and the metal powder A is supplied from the supply device 20 to the powder feeding port 1 of the powder plasma welding device 13 through the powder plasma welding device 13.
3a, overlay welding is performed on the sacrificial substrate 14 made of a material different from that of the metal powder A, and a welding layer 15a of 100% metal powder A is formed by initial welding and one step. In order to prevent this welding layer 15a from firmly adhering to the sacrificial substrate 14, the sacrificial substrate 14 is made to have a composition significantly different from that of the metal powder A, and the dilution rate is approximately adjusted by adjusting the current, voltage, welding speed, etc. Set to 0. When the overlay welding using the metal powder A as the material on the sacrificial substrate 14 is completed, the metal powder A remaining between the mixing device 10 and the powder plasma welding device 13 is removed.

Next, metal powder A is supplied from the storage tank 1a to the weighing machine 4, and the appropriate amount of the weighed metal powder A is supplied to the mixing device 10 by opening the valve 6, and at the same time, metal powder B is supplied from the storage tank 1b to the weighing machine 5. The metal powder B, which has been weighed in an appropriate amount, is supplied to the mixing device 10 by opening the valve 7. Each of the weighing machines 4 and 5 weighs so that the mixing ratio of metal powder A is 90% and metal powder B is 10%. The metal powders A and B having a predetermined ratio are uniformly mixed by driving the mixing device 10, and then fed into the supply bag W120 via the pipe 12 and hopper 23 by opening the valve 11. Next, the powder plasma welding device 13 While feeding the mixed powders A and B in the supply device 20 to the welding material feed port 13a as welding materials, build-up welding is performed on the welding layer 15a of 100% metal powder A shown in FIG. A welding layer 15b of % metal powder A-10% metal powder B is formed. Since the welding layer 15a formed by the powder plasma welding device 13 can have a well smooth surface, the welding layer 15b formed on the welding layer 15a can also have a good smoothness. Welding layer 15c was formed by the same procedure while gradually changing the mixing ratio of metal powders A and B.
- form j. The final weld layer 15 is formed as a final weld bead made of 100% metal powder B.

The sacrificial substrate 14 is then removed from the thus formed gradient composite material 15. On the sacrificial substrate 14 is a welding layer 15 of 100% metal powder A with a dilution rate of approximately O.
Since a is formed, the sacrificial substrate 14 can be easily peeled and separated. The gradient composite material 15 from which the sacrificial substrate 14 has been removed is supplied between a pair of rolling rolls 21a and 21b of a rolling device 21, as shown in FIG. 3, to obtain a gradient composite material 22 consisting of a thin ribbon having a predetermined thickness. Since the gradient composite material 15 manufactured by the powder plasma welding device 13 has a dense structure, it can be easily processed by the rolling device 21. The thus obtained graded composite material 22 consists of a welding layer 15a of 100% metal powder A to 100% metal powder B.
Until welding layer 15k, the mixed composition of metal powders A and B changes gradually and gently, forming a functional material.

The gentler the composition gradient, the better the bonding properties.

The thickness and number of passes for each of the welding layers 15a to 15 can be set relatively freely by the powder plasma welding device 13. This graded composite material 22 can be used, for example, as an electronic device material.

In addition, in the above example, metal powder A is copper powder and metal powder B is aluminum powder, but metal powder A may be stainless steel powder, metal powder B may be aluminum powder, copper powder, etc. can. It is of course possible to use not only metal powders of different types as described above but also metal powders of different compositions. Furthermore, if the sacrificial substrate 14 is made of the same material as the 100% metal powder A, the welding layer 15a made of 100% metal powder A can be omitted. Furthermore, two types of metal powders A and B
In addition to the above, it is also possible to mix metal powders of other types or compositions, and in that case, valves (not shown) may be attached to the pipes 18 and 19 connected to the mixing device 10, and a weighing machine may be attached. and connect the storage tank.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As understood from the above description, according to the present invention, since the gradient composite material is manufactured using a powder plasma welding device, the manufacturing efficiency of the relatively thick gradient composite material is good. First, since the solidification rate is fast, the structure is dense and rolling can be performed easily and satisfactorily. It is sufficient to form the welding layer using a material with appropriate ductility, and a graded composite material with a gentle functional gradient can be freely manufactured. In addition, since powder is used, there are almost no restrictions on the composition. Therefore, if the composition of the initial weld bead and final weld bead is determined by the function of the graded composite material, the composition between them can be freely selected.

[BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS] Figures 1 to 4 show an example of the apparatus used to carry out the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially omitted view of the gradient composite material, FIG. 3 is a view of a rolling device, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a plasma torch. la, lb: storage tank, 4, 5: weighing machine, 10: mixing device,
13: Powder plasma welding device, 13a: Powder feeding 0
．． 14: Sacrificial substrate (substrate), 15: Gradient composite material, 20
: Feeding device, 21: Rolling device, 21a, 21b: Rolling rolls, A, B: Metal powder representative Patent attorney Mae 1) Hiroshi Figure 1 5d Figure 2 Figure 3

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) Using a powder plasma welding device that supplies mixed powder from a powder feed port by a mixing device that uniformly mixes metal powders of multiple types or compositions at an arbitrary mixing ratio, A welding layer consisting of an initial welding bead and a welding layer consisting of a final welding bead are welded together using metal powder having a predetermined composition, and a plurality of welding layers therebetween are gradually graded in composition. 1. A method for manufacturing a gradient composite material, which comprises welding overlay to obtain a gradient composite material, and then rolling the gradient composite material to form a thin ribbon. (2) The method for manufacturing a graded composite material according to claim (1), wherein the weld layer consisting of the initial weld bead is welded overlay to a substrate of a predetermined type or composition. (3) A storage tank that individually stores metal powders of multiple types or compositions, a weighing machine that weighs the metal powder from the storage tank to an arbitrary mixing ratio, and a uniform mixing of the weighed metal powders. Using a mixing device and the mixed powder mixed by the mixing device, build-up welding is performed in four or more layers so that each layer forms a welding layer of metal powder with a different composition, and consists of an initial weld bead. The weld layer and the weld layer consisting of the final weld bead are welded together using metal powder with a predetermined composition, and the multiple weld layers between them are welded together using metal powder with a gradually graded composition. 1. An apparatus for manufacturing a graded composite material, comprising: a powder plasma welding device for welding the graded composite material into a graded composite material; and a rolling device for rolling the graded composite material into a ribbon.