JPH03501505A - Method for purifying fibrous material from plant impurities and apparatus for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Method for purifying fibrous material from plant impurities and apparatus for carrying out this method field of technology The present invention relates generally to the treatment of fibrous materials in the textile industry, and in particular to the treatment of plant impurities and dust. The present invention relates to a method for purifying fibrous materials from.

The proposed method uses unbleached (unprocessed) wool fibers or this and man-made fibers. It can be applied to clean layers of fibrous material made up of mixtures of.

The present invention provides for simultaneous carding and subsequent processing of layers of fibrous material. Most useful when applied to purify fibers, in combing and other devices You can find your sexuality.

Background technology One state-of-the-art method for purifying fibrous materials is the opening-mixing-cleaning mechanical device, cartridge. It is carried out with a board or combing machine.

According to the method, the following effects occur on wool fiber materials contaminated with plant impurities: Try to give. i.e. gripped by the feeding mechanism or free within the moving air stream. spikes, rods, knives, teeth, acting elements on the aggregated fibers found in Allow the needles and longitudinal grooves to exert their effects. Such mechanical action This destroys the cohesive structure of the fibers, thereby causing dregs as well as small hair and particles. Peel off the first fiber. However, the aforementioned mechanical methods for wool purification , the above-mentioned operations must be repeated many times in order to completely remove impurities from it. No. As a result, the fibers are damaged and their physico-chemical properties are impaired. (i.e. their length is reduced and their strength is adversely affected).

Furthermore, a large proportion of the fiber is lost as waste along with the waste being processed. . The degraded quality of the fibers adversely affects the stability of all subsequent technological processes. , yarn breakage rate increases in spinning machines, and affects the quality of woven and knitted fabrics. give a sound.

Extensive use of chemical methods to treat layers of fibrous material (wool fibres) This method involves soaking the fibrous material in a weak sulfuric acid solution and then squeezed, dried and heated, resulting in thorough removal of the sulfuric acid concentration of plant impurities. As the impurities increase, the impurities become carbonized and thus the cellulose is removed by mechanical treatment. The goal is to form hydrocellulose, a friable material that can be easily processed.

Then the wool thus purified is neutralized, washed and dried.

However, this method requires many operations, is scientifically and technologically complex, and is large-scale. This will be carried out in the following production units.

Moreover, this method negatively affects the physico-mechanical properties of the fibers, increasing their strength and length. adversely affect one's ability to

A prior art device for heat treating yarn (USSR, inventor's certificate, No. 986.11 No. 5) is known to be used for weaving yarn by the temporary twisting method. this The device consists of an optical radiation source and a beam deflection element (two pairs of It incorporates a mirror (made as a mirror). a system for permanently scanning said optical radiation; It has a stem and a protective shield located in the plane of the mirror. One of each pair of mirrors parallel to the thread being treated, and the other mirror is at an angle to the first mirror. and serves to direct the reflected beam onto the other pair of tilted mirrors. .

Due to the structural arrangement and mutual position of the beam deflection elements in the device, the Displace the optical beam between the guns and the mirror under conditions of insignificant device vibration. Only the one-dimensional fiber materials located precisely in between are repeatedly processed.

However, for this purpose, to purify the moving layer of fibrous material from foreign substances in plants This would be a device that would be difficult to actually use. Because the layer of fibrous material is three-dimensional. , i.e. width, thickness and length, and only part of the layer Repeatedly emitting across its width absorbs and processes too much optical radiation. The physical-mechanical properties of the material being applied are compromised and the remaining part of the layer is This means that there is an unprocessed status regarding this matter.

Disclosure of invention The main and essential object of the present invention is to remove plant impurities from the fibrous material being treated. The width, thickness and length of the material are processed by contactless technology, thereby making it possible to It is possible to maintain the physical-mechanical properties of the treated fibers and increase the purification efficiency. by providing a method and apparatus for purifying fibrous materials from plant impurities. be.

To achieve the above objectives, it is necessary to form a layer of fibrous material from unbleached fibers. and during continuous movement of said fibrous material, plant impurities are removed from said material. In a method of purifying fibrous materials from plant impurities, including removing By invention, impurities in plants have been processed to reach the maximum absorption area of radiation. A layer of textile material in the spectral range corresponding to the region of minimum absorption of radiation by the fiber. across its width in a layer of fibrous material by exposing it to intense optical radiation The impurities of the plant undergo pyrolysis to remove the impurities, while the layer of fibrous material is exposed to light. The generation of chemically transparent and processing of plant impurities through their thermochemical decomposition This can be done together with the removal of objects.

Such a method ensures that the fibrous material of the layer remains substantially intact and It maintains its physical-mechanical properties and burns out plant impurities without contact. be exposed. The burn-out process takes place in an optically transparent layer, without disturbing the layer structure. Impurities are burned out through the layer depth. At the same time as the impurities are burned out Thermochemical decomposition products removal of impurities carried out so as not to damage the fibers can be protected.

exposing the layer of fibrous material to intense optical radiation within the aforementioned spectral range; ``selects the layer of fibrous material across its width and through its depth.'' A targeted radiant effect can be carried out, which radiant effect is caused by the selected addition of plant impurities. thermal and thermochemical decomposition, while the fiber itself is not heated above 50°C and therefore The chemical and physical properties of the fibers are completely preserved.

Provides optical radiation continuously or in pulses depending on source type and power capacity be able to.

It is advantageous for the thermochemical decomposition of impurities to take place during the formation of the layer of fibrous material, Technological processes and all pulls thereby forming layers of fibrous material. Higher efficiency of subsequent scientific and technological processes can be achieved.

Depending on the type of fiber to be treated, thermochemical decomposition of impurities is carried out in an inert gas medium. , by introducing some chemically active substance into this inert gas medium, the heat of said impurity is heat to the fibrous material of the layer being treated, promoting the chemical decomposition process; Possible adverse effects of degradation can be eliminated.

To implement the proposed method, at least one optical radiation source and said optical radiation source are provided. comprising a system for permanently scanning radiation and a protective shield; In an apparatus in which the beam-directing element forms a treatment area of a layer of fibrous material, the present invention This allows the permanent scanning system of optical radiation to move approximately perpendicular to the direction of movement of the layer of fibrous material. the beam-directing elements of the system are located one above the other and a system for protecting the beam deflection element from damage, while at least said a lower one of the elements has a mirror-reflecting surface disposed along the length of the treatment region; A protective shield is located at an angle to the mirror-reflecting surface of the lower beam-directing element and Prevents radiation from escaping the treatment area and prevents thermalization of plant impurities above the treatment area A device may be provided in which a device for removing chemical decomposition products is located.

This structural arrangement and nature of the scanning system allows for the The layers can be processed in a single manner for both width and depth, thereby reducing radiation due to the fibers. Removes excess absorption and thus prevents damage to the fibers. Beam direction change required The primary protection system prevents thermochemical decomposition products from adhering to their mirror-reflecting surfaces. to protect mirror-reflecting surfaces and to prevent contaminated areas of beam-directing elements by optical radiation. This prevents the surface from being damaged due to destruction. By collecting decomposition products to maintain a treatment area that is optically transparent to radiation and thereby protect the fibers during treatment. Impurities can be reliably treated without overheating the fibrous material.

The beam deflection elements have coordinated movements with respect to each other for efficient purification during operation of the device. It is constructed as a belt conveyor mounted in such a way that it can be conveyor movement (conveniently mounted on an endless belt).

Conveniently, the light guide is placed between one of the beam-directing elements and the optical radiation source; The light guide is arranged along the axis of the radiation source for movement in vertical and horizontal planes. Its features simplify the overall arrangement of the device and limit the optical radiation source. You can bring it outside.

Also, a light emitter and a photosensitive element are provided above the processing area in close proximity to the upper beam-directing element; and are conveniently located opposite each other and at the same height, so that said photosensitive elements emit light. electrically connected to the radiation source so that the radiation is emitted when the attendant's hand enters the treatment area. The injection can be automatically interrupted, thus preventing possible traumatic injuries.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the lower beam-directing element is relative to the upper beam-directing element. Fixed in a stationary state, the upper beam deflection element directs the initial beam emitted by the radiation source. so that the deflection angle of the radiation beam can be changed continuously. This way Such an arrangement makes the scanning system more efficient and reduces the cleaning system of the beam-directing elements. simplifies the stem and allows the layer to be moved across its entire width without substantial loss of radiant power. can be processed.

Upper beam deflection element as a single-sided mirror mounted for oscillating movement attached for rotation about its own axis. formed as a mirror-reflecting polyhedron, or as an acoustic-optic or electro-optic deflector. depending on the speed of movement of the layer of fibrous material. A variety of power radiation sources can be used.

The invention allows the zoom lens to be placed between the radiation source and one beam-directing element. , thereby focusing the radiation beam within the required limits and thus lower power radiation source can be used.

Protection against contamination of optical radiation permanent scanning systems and beam-directing elements The system and means for treating the thermochemical decomposition products of plant impurities are housed in a chamber. The chamber shall have a side wall for the entry and exit of the layer of fibrous material. A slit is provided to ensure the supply of said layer and an inert gas supply. Elements are provided for sealing the chamber with the supply population. Structure like this isolates the treatment area from the surrounding atmosphere and achieves greater stability of the purification process. and make the process even more suitable.

Brief description of the drawing The invention will now be illustrated by some specific representative embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings. do. In the figures, FIG. 1 shows a card according to the present invention when installed in a card machine. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for purifying a layer of fibrous material; FIG. 3 shows the device according to the invention as seen from the direction of FIG. 4 shows an example of a device according to the invention, in which FIG. FIG. 5 shows the positioning and holding of the light guide of the device of FIG. FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 2 near one of the beam deflection elements. Figure 7 shows the arrangement of the emitter and photosensitive element in the two radiation sources and the two upper beams. FIG. 8 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 with a beam deflection element, and FIG. 8 is a view corresponding to FIG. 9 to 12 are examples of holding the beam direction changing element according to the present invention. FIG. 13 shows various embodiments of the upper beam-directing element of the device, and FIG. FIG. 14 shows the overall design of the device according to the present invention in a card machine. FIG. 6 shows another example of the overall design of the device.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Proposed methods of cleaning fibrous materials from plant impurities include, for example, carding machines ( 1) and is implemented as follows.

Carry out unbleached (unprocessed) wool fibers or their blends with man-made fibers. Preliminary separation into single fibers using well-known methods in a drying machine, resulting in waste and The fibers are partially mixed, straightened and partially purified from the waste, and this An optically clear carded wafer having a thickness not greater than 5I. A layer 1 of fibrous material is provided which appears as a strip. At the same time, formed like this Before forming card sliver 2 from layer 1, remove remaining crumbs and dust from layer 1. their thermochemical decomposition (i.e., they are burned out without contact). However, in order to achieve this, the area of maximum absorption of optical radiation by impurities in the plant must be within the spectral range corresponding to the region of minimum absorption of optical radiation by the fibers of layer 1. emits intense optical radiation onto the layer 1 of fibrous material across its width h (Fig. 2). do it.

During the irradiation of layer 1 of fibrous material, said layer is blown through with atmospheric air or an inert gas. , then suck out the gaseous medium and thus perform the thermochemical decomposition of the plant impurities. The layer is substantially completely cleaned of product. Then layer 1 is the card sliver 2 (Fig. 1) and this sliver is placed in a card can or into a ball. be done. The layer 1 of fibrous material is moved continuously or in pulses with the optical radiation. It is radiated while moving.

The method detects dark-colored impurities and light-colored fibers within an optimal range of wavelengths. There are considerable differences in the absorption of optical radiation by The color range is strong (almost 100 percent) due to dark-colored plant impurities. g) Weak (0-5 percent) absorption within absorption and by light colored fibers It is based on the fact that it is substantially selective to exist within. This is it impurities and fibers can be heated to significantly different levels without contact. . As a result, light colored fibers are pre-prepared according to the type of fiber to be processed. A very low degree (approximately 50°C), thereby causing no adverse change in the condition of the fibers, and Their physicochemical properties remain unaffected.

The dark colored impurities in layer 1 are actually instantaneously heated to their thermochemical decomposition point. (instantaneous heating temperature is approximately 1000℃), as a result, impurities are removed from the fibrous material. Virtually complete purification occurs. This shortens the duration of the purification process and Within subsequent technological stages, purification processes are no longer necessary.

The heating temperature for impurities and fibers is different because their optical and thermal properties are similar. It depends on the situation. Therefore, impurities and fibers differ in their optical absorption by more than 25 times. Become.

The impurities undergo their thermochemical decomposition as a result of the photothermal effect generated on the plant impurities. becomes a product of Ensure that these products are recovered to avoid possible damage to the fibres. To ensure that layer 1 is not contaminated with wool fibers or with man-made fibers, When composed of a mixture, air, inert gas (argon or nitrogen) is placed above layer 1. (such as plain) or a mixture thereof. At the same time, through a layer of fibrous material The gaseous medium laden with the products of thermal decomposition of impurities is sucked off.

Thermochemistry of plant impurities when radiating a layer of fibrous material composed of wool fibers gaseous hydrogen chloride, aqueous sulfuric acid, aqueous chloride Dissolves some chemically active substances like luminium salts and something else. When added to an active gaseous medium, the process of thermochemical decomposition of impurities is accelerated.

The apparatus implementing the proposed method comprises an optical radiation source 3 (Fig. 1) and an optical radiation source 3 (Fig. 1). It consists of a long scanning system 4, a protective shield 5 and an optical reflector. This device is Doffing drum 7 with doffing comb 8, compression roll 9 and sliver funnel 10 and, for example, a sliver funnel 11 of a card machine.

The optical radiation permanent scanning system 4 detects the direction of movement of the layer 1 of fibrous material across the width of the layer. located at right angles (or almost at right angles) to The system is one above the other to establish a processing area for the fibrous material to be treated. beam-directing elements 12.13, the length of the treatment area is the associated layer of fibrous material. Corresponds to a width of 1.

Beam deflection elements 12.13 (one of these is shown in FIG. 3, or both) (shown in FIG. 2) is provided with a mirror-reflecting surface B.

The beam deflection element 12.13 shown in FIG. 2 is formed as a belt conveyor; and are mounted for adjustable movement relative to each other, while the mirror-reflecting surface B is Located above the moving endless belt of the conveyor (direction of movement of the conveyor belt is (Indicated by an arrow in Figure 2).

The shafts of the drive pulleys 14, 15 and take-up pulleys 16, 17 of the conveyor are It is attached to a slider 18 (FIG. 4) that can be fixed to a stand 19. pulley -14.15 can be operated with a self-contained drive or with a compression roll 9 ( (Fig. 1).

Each conveyor is provided with a cleaner polisher 20 (FIG. 2) of a well-known structure. The polisher is in permanent contact with the loose strands of the conveyor belt for cleaning. It is installed in such a way that it is possible to

A source of intense optical radiation 3 is located at the angle of the mirror-reflecting surface B of the bottom conveyor at the level of the side edges of layer 1. It is placed at an angle α to line N.

The size of the angle α is such that the radiation reflected from the mirror-reflecting surface B of the conveyor covers layer 1 over its entire width. is selected to be processed across.

The optical reflector 6 is a mirror reflector located at the level of the side edge of the layer 1 opposite to the position of the radiation source 3. Between planes B, light is reflected from the mirror reflecting surface of the bottom conveyor and enters the reflecting surface of optical reflector 6. It is placed along a plane perpendicular to the beam it emits.

The device is designed such that the beam deflection element 12.13 and the optical reflector 6 are protected from contamination. A system is in place to protect the environment and remove products of thermochemical decomposition. This system is located outside the processing area and has no supply piping (not shown in the drawing). It has gas guide pipes 21.22°23.24 communicating with the pipes 21.22 and 23.24, of which two pipes 21. 22 is located near the mirror-reflecting surface B of the conveyor and the third tube 23 is treated in the layer A fourth tube 24 is placed between the tubes 21, 22 of one height and an optical reflector. It is located near the mirror surface of 6.

A mechanical or pneumatic cleaner 25.26 cleans the inner surface of the conveyor belt from dust. It is provided for cleaning.

Furthermore, the protection system incorporates a suction conduit 27, which 1 (outside the range of radiation effects) and the thermochemical composition of the impurity. The gaseous medium containing the products of is evacuated.

According to one embodiment of the device with two radiation sources, an additional An optical radiation source 28 is arranged in contrast to the first source 3 .

Vibrations caused by operating card machinery and which destabilize the radiant power. In order to eliminate negative effects and thus improve the processing quality of layer 1, a light beam is A light guide 29.30 is provided which guides the beam to the mirror-reflecting surface B of the bottom conveyor, thus A light guide that facilitates the placement of radiation sources 3.28 that can be brought beyond the board machine. IDs of 29° and 30 are available. The light guide 29.20 is aligned with the axis of the radiation sources 3 and 28. placed along the line.

The light guide 29.30 is aligned with respect to a normal perpendicular to the mirror-reflecting surface B of the beam-directing element 13. Clamp 3 to be able to move vertically and horizontally to adjust the position of their axis 1 (Fig. 5). Each clamp 31 is a hinge of the slider 34. The slider 34 is then held in place by a lever 32 which is pivotally connected to the bin 33. It is locked to stand 35. The horizontal movement of the light guide is performed along the stand 35. This is carried out by moving the slider 34, and its vertical movement is One collar 32 is rotated in a vertical plane with respect to the pivot bin 33 of the slider 34. This will be implemented by

The device has a light emitter 36 (Figs. 2 and 6) and a photosensitive element 37, both of which are located above the treatment areas parallel to the mirror-reflecting surface of the conveyor and facing each other. Ru.

The photosensitive element 37 electrically connects the radiation source 3 to switch it off whenever necessary. It is connected to the.

The protective shield 5 (Fig. 1) is installed at an angle to the mirror-reflecting surface of the conveyor. This prevents radiation from escaping the treatment area.

When utilizing an additional radiation source 28 (FIG. 2), an additional optical reflector 38 is provided. , in a device located opposite the main optical reflector 6.

The mirror surface of the optical reflector 38 is connected to the air supply pipe 39 connected to the air supply pipe. Cleaned by.

The proposed device works as follows.

The optically transparent layer 1 of fibrous material is removed from the doffing drum 7 (Fig. 1) of the carding machine. removed by means of a tufa comb 8 and threaded across the beam-directing element 12.13. to a fibrous material processing device, where it is intensely radiated by an optical radiation source 3. The optical beam is incident on the mirror reflective surface of the bottom beam-directing element 13.

The beam passes through the mirror-reflecting surface B (FIG. 2) of the beam-directing element 13 (i.e., the bottom conveyor). ) and incident on the mirror-reflecting surface of the beam-directing element 12 from which it is reflected again. then the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. During successive reflections, the beam becomes fibrous. Through an optically transparent layer 1 of material.

The moving layer 1 of fibrous material is directed substantially across the beam deflection element 12.13. so that the direction of beam displacement between said elements depends on the direction of movement of layer 1 of fibrous material. within 90 degrees of the normal perpendicular to the direction of the three-dimensional fibrous material is exposed to radiation across the entire width of layer 1.

After passing through the layer of fibrous material across its entire width, the beam enters an optical reflector 6. , reflected from there and incident again on the surface B of the beam deflection element 13 and from there The beam is again reflected onto the surface B of the beam deflection element 13.

In this way, the beam is reflected from the beam deflecting element 12.13 many times. moves in the opposite direction and is reflected many times from the beam-directing element 12.13 and As a result of passing through the layer 1 of fibrous material, the power is gradually attenuated and thus released. It is completely attenuated away from the radiation source 3. The power utilization efficiency of the radiation emitted by source 3 is determined by the equipment. fibrous material in an area opposite to source 3 and enhanced by reverse beam movement at It is through the use of an optical reflector 6 that a more uniform treatment of the layers is achieved.

During such movement of the light beam, dark colored dust found in layer 1 of the fibrous material impurities and dross are exposed to intense optical radiation and absorb said radiation to the maximum; Instantly heated to at least 1000° and decomposed thermochemically, i.e. It will be completely burnt out.

At the same time, people with brightly colored wool fibers or these exposed to the same radiation The mixture of fibers absorbs it to the maximum and therefore the wool fibers absorb their physical machinery. Same as 50°, which improves the mechanical properties and keeps the man-made fibers unaffected. It will be heated up to about 100 ml.

Simultaneously with the radiation, the layer 1 of fibrous material is exposed to atmospheric air, inert gas or the like through the tube 23. is blown through to remove the products of thermochemical decomposition of impurities and to Prevents damage to fibers by products. Gas containing products of thermochemical decomposition of impurities The medium is sucked out through the suction conduit 27.

The treated layer 1 of fibrous material is then directed into a sliver funnel 10 (FIG. 1). The sliver is then guided between compression rolls 9. , canned or spheroidized by the coiler 11.

During the emission of the layer 1 of fibrous material, the beam deflecting elements 12, 13, i.e. mirrors of the conveyor If the element is moving and the element is moving at a given instantaneous time to prevent Non-active surfaces are cleaned from dirt and polished with a cleaner 20°25.26. The mirror surface is then blown with air from tubes 21, 22 to remove the impurities on the plane. The moving layer 1 of fibrous material due to deposits and vibrations applied from the operating equipment. Remove impurities and thermal decomposition products that fall from the water. Also on the surface of the optical reflector 6 is a tube 24. Air is blown in for the same purpose.

Using a single source 3 causes a gradual attenuation of the radiation, so a second source 3 28 is activated. The beam emitted by the second radiation source is reflected and the beam emitted by source 3 is beams from both sources, so that a combined beam is formed by the beams from both sources, On the other hand, the boundary line where the beam meets between the beam deflection elements 12 and 13 is the boundary line between the radiation sources 3 and 28. Depends on mutual power. By applying two radiation sources, the average power level of the optical radiation Reduced and more uniform treatment of the layer across the width of the layer of fibrous material and at its edges It can be achieved.

Atmospheric air is present at the outputs of the radiation sources 3 and 28 and at the outputs of the light guides 19 and 30. They are blown through, thereby protecting them from soiling.

For operation with intense radiation, the safety engineering code requires that the photosensitive element and the safety shield be use becomes necessary. A light beam emitted by the light emitter 36 and directed towards the photosensitive element 37 The radiation is automatically shut off as soon as it is interrupted by the operator. The card machine issues to prevent radiation from escaping beyond the beam-directing elements of the device under the extreme vibrations that occur. In order to prevent these and mechanical Any other components associated with the fibrous material layer should be can be moved to adjust the placement.

3 and 7 show that the permanent scanning system 4 uses alternative embodiments of beam-directing elements. Show the device. In this way, the bottom beam-directing element 13 with the mirror-reflecting surface B a flat or recessed mirror fixed stationary relative to the deflection element 12 and horizontal; It is formed as a plate 40 (FIG. 8) having a reflective surface B, and the length of the mirror reflective surface B is fibrous. Equal to or slightly exceeding the width of layer 1 of material. The plate 40 uses a locking element. and is held by a slider 41 fixed to a stand 42.

The top beam deflection element 12 (Fig. 3.7) is substantially smaller in size than the bottom element. , and the deflection angle of the light beam directed onto the mirror-reflecting surface of the bottom beam deflection element 13. , can be permanently changed with respect to the initial beam emitted by the radiation source 3.

Another embodiment of such an arrangement of beam-directing elements 12 is shown in FIGS. 9-12.

As shown in FIG. The pivot bracket 45 is formed as a single-sided mirror 43 with a pivot point 45 aligned with the axis of the radiation source 3. perpendicular to the line and not intersecting it, so that it is reflected from the single mirror 43. The emitted radiation beam is prevented from returning to the radiation source 3.

The oscillating movement of the bracket 44 can be effected by any known drive device suitable for that purpose, e.g. This can be provided by the eccentric mechanism 46.

According to FIG. 10, the beam deflection element 12 is formed as a mirror-reflecting polygon 47, which If the polyhedron is, for example, an electric motor (omitted in Figure 10) centered around its own axis 48, It is mounted so that it can rotate. The axis 48 is the radiation source and the mirror-reflecting polyhedron 47. The radiation beam reflected from the source is prevented from returning to the radiation source 3.

In addition, the beam deflection element 12 is arranged coaxially with the optical radiation source 3 in a known structure. as an acoustic wave optical deflector 49 (FIG. 11) or as an optical radiation source. As an electro-optic deflector 50 (FIG. 12) of known construction located coaxially with Can be formed. A zoom lens of known construction consisting of a row of lenses as shown in Figure 3. 51 is placed between the optical radiation source 3 (FIG. 3) and the upper beam deflection element 12. .

According to said embodiment of the device, the protective shield 5 is a mirror reflection of the bottom beam deflection element 13. It is located at an angle to plane B.

Protect the beam deflection elements 12 shown in Figures 3.7.9 to 12 from contamination. In order to is installed on the device.

The most complete treatment of the layer and the radiation source used when traversing the width of the fibrous material layer. To reduce the average power, the arrangement shown in FIG. 7 for an additional optical radiation source 28 is provided. A zoom lens 52 and a beam deflection element 53 are provided at the are all shown in the respective radiation sources 3, zoom lenses 51 and FIGS. 8 to 12. 43.47.49.50.

In the apparatus of FIG. 7, a system of permanent scanning of optical radiation 4 (FIG. 7) and a beam Protection system of deflection elements (i.e. tubes 21, 23.54) and thermalization of impurities The suction conduit 27 (FIG. 13) of the treatment device for the products of chemical decomposition is housed in the chamber 56; Its side walls are provided with slits 57 for the entry and exit of the layer 1 of fibrous material. There is. Near the slit 57, ensure that layer 1, made as a pair of drive rolls, Element 58 for supplying and discharging and a sealing element made as a gasket 59 is located.

An inert gas supply inlet 60 extends into the chamber 56 and provides for removal of said gas. This occurs through suction conduit 37.

The upper beam deflection element 12 made as shown in FIGS. 1 (FIG. 7), the casing 61 has a narrow entrance opening 62 into which the optical beam enters. and a wide exit aperture 63 for sweeping the radiation beam.

The apparatus shown in Figures 3.7 to 13 operates in substantially the same manner as previously described. , the difference is only related to the function of the embodiment of the upper beam deflection element 12.

The optical beam emerging from the intense optical radiation source 3 passes through the working surface of the beam deflecting element 12 ( That is, the light is incident on the single mirror 43 (FIG. 9) or the mirror-reflecting polyhedron 47 (FIG. 10). do.

The radiation beam is permanently scanned by the beam deflection element 12 and is thus aligned with the plane of the drawing. Sweeping over a coplanar plane, the layer 1 of fibrous material is treated across its width.

A sonic optical deflector 49 (FIG. 11) is used as beam-directing element 12. When a sonic vibration oscillator establishes a three-dimensional diffraction grating with the help of sound waves. radiation beam The beam is deflected from its axis while passing through said grating and sweeps permanently over the plane. , thus radiating onto the layer 1 of fibrous material.

An electro-optic deflector 50 (FIG. 12) is used as beam-directing element 12. When the electric field strength generator changes the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal medium. radiation beam is deflected from its axis and sweeps permanently over a plane while passing through said crystal; In this way the layer of fibrous material 11; radiates.

The beam moves from one edge of the moving layer of fibrous material to the other and vice versa. The movement is by permanent scanning of the radiation beam deflecting element 12.

Radiation treatment of a moving layer of fibrous material across its width along its length To adequately balance such processing, the diameter d of the radiation beam and the velocity V Its scanning frequency ν across the width of the moving fibrous material is related to There must be.

When the radiation beam is scanned by the beam-directing element 12, the width h of the layer of fibrous material 5. Distance g from the working surface of the beam deflection element to said layer and sweep angle of the radiation beam. α must be related to each other by the following equation.

During its passage from the optical radiation source 3 to the beam-directing element 12, the beam passes through the optics of the lens. The beam is focused through a zoom lens 51 made of Its diameter decreases and the radiation density increases. The zoom lens 51 emits a radiation beam. An element with a variable focal length that allows the camera to be focused on a desired point q in space. This is a well-known optical device. This device is mechanically or electrically driven This is a lens optical system that is variable depending on the

The gas blown in by the gas supply pipe 54 may contaminate the working surface of the beam deflection element. Protect against.

When reflected from the working surface of the beam-directing element 12, the beam first passes through the fiber material from above. , and then the beam is reflected from the mirror surface of plate 40 to pass through the other layers of fibrous material. reach the top of the section across its width and from below. In this case, the scanning speed is The speed of movement of the layer of fibrous material through the processing area is much higher than that of the other beams. After a certain period of time has elapsed after being reflected from the working surface of the beam deflecting element 12 as a result of the to reach the top of the same portion of the layer of fibrous material.

In this way, treatment of the layer of fibrous material is achieved on both sides and throughout its thickness. .

When plate 40 has a concave mirror surface, the radiation beam reflected from such surface The fiber material is additionally focused, thereby increasing the processing quality of the fiber material.

In this way, a permanent beam of radiation traverses the layer 1 of textile material moving through the treatment area. Scanning the material along its length, across its width and through the thickness of layer 1. Since the process is carried out three-dimensionally through the process, impurities and dust from plants are not subject to thermochemical separation as mentioned above. receive the solution.

When a radiation beam is scanned across a moving layer of fibrous material, the radiation power increases over the width of the layer. cannot be changed across the layer, but as the beam passes through the layer, the radiation is exposed to impurities and fibers. absorbed by the fibers and dissipated by the fibers, after which the beam is reflected from the plate. Once again passing through the fibrous material, the power of the beam is thus attenuated even further. It is no longer used for that process.

An additional radiation source 28 with a beam deflection element 53 and a zoom lens 52 is the main component. When placed opposite the element, the beam deflection element made according to FIGS. Each element 12 and 53 processes layer 1 of fibrous material only over its width; This increases radiation absorption by impurities and improves the purification effect of large card machines. be strengthened.

The layer 1 of fibrous material treated in this way will lozenge any remaining impurities in the layer of fibrous material. Hamel for crushing into smaller particles between the roll 62 and the grooved roll 63 (IIa r garden el) It is fed to a flat roll 62 (FIG. 14) of the device. bra The roller 64 cleans the roll 63. The fibrous material is then transferred by transfer rollers 65. The impurities of plants and dust are brought to the main cylinder 66 of the second combing process. card until a carded sliver almost completely free of material is obtained. The process continues.

Thus, according to the proposed device, it can be used under conditions of severe vibration and in contaminated areas. Three-dimensional fibrous materials can be processed in the entire width of the carding machine. The process is instantaneous and uniform, thus improving the quality of the finished product.

Beam deflection elements in the form of endless belts, protection systems against fouling and Systems for treating products of thermochemical decomposition, emitters and photosensitive elements, and storage Protective shields can be used to improve the performance characteristics of equipment and for processing fibrous materials. Quality can be improved.

Industrial applicability Proposed method for purifying fibrous materials from plant impurities and this method The device for carrying out combines the formation of a layer of fibrous material and its mechanical processing. Lightly colored wool fibers or Used to purify mixtures of man-made fibers.

\to deceased) international search report

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. The process of forming a layer of fibrous material from unbleached, brightly colored fibers. incorporating and removing plant impurities from said fibrous material during continuous movement of said material. In a method of purifying a fibrous material from botanical impurities, the method includes removing botanical impurities. In the area of maximum absorption of radiation by impurities and by the fibers being treated A layer of fibrous material crosses its width in the range of the spectrum corresponding to the region of minimum absorption. Plant impurities are removed from fibrous materials by exposure to intense optical radiation applied by The layer of fibrous material undergoes thermochemical decomposition to remove impurities, while the layer of fibrous material is exposed to light. The generation of chemically transparent and processing of plant impurities through their thermochemical decomposition A method characterized in that it is carried out together with the removal of an object. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical radiation is continuously supplied. method. 3. According to claim 1, characterized in that the optical radiation is supplied in a pulsed manner. The way it was done. 4. Characterized by thermochemical decomposition of impurities during the process of forming a layer of fibrous material The method according to claim 1. 5. Characterized by carrying out thermochemical decomposition of impurities in an inert gaseous medium , the method according to claim 1. 6. The thermochemistry of impurities is achieved by introducing a chemically active agent into an inert gaseous medium. 6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the process of catalytic decomposition is accelerated. 7. at least one optical radiation source (3) and a system permanently scanning said optical system; a beam-directing element of said system, comprising a stem (4) and a protective shield (5); (12,13) are adapted to establish the treatment area of the layer (1) of fibrous material. , an apparatus for carrying out the method as claimed in claim 1, in which a permanent trajectory of optical radiation is provided. A scanning system is located approximately perpendicular to the direction of movement of the layer of fibrous material, and the scanning system of said system is The beam-directing elements are placed one on top of the other and the beam-directing elements are at least the bottom element (13) is provided with a system for protecting the processing area. It has a mirror reflective surface (B) arranged with respect to its length, and a protective shield (5) is attached to the bottom beam. located at an angle to the mirror-reflecting surface of the beam deflection element to direct radiation away from the treatment area. Prevent from escaping and remove thermochemical decomposition products of plant impurities onto the treated area. A device characterized in that a device for removing is located. 8. The beam deflection elements (12, 13) are arranged so that they can be adjusted and interlocked with respect to each other. The mirror-reflecting surface (B) is constructed as a belt conveyor attached to the Device according to claim 7, characterized in that it is located on an endless belt. . 9. The light guide (29) is connected to one of the beam-directing elements (i.e. 13) and the optical and a target radiation source (3), said light guide having adjustable movement in vertical and horizontal planes. The radiation source according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation source is arranged along the axis of the radiation source so as to be viewed in a dynamic manner. Apparatus described in scope 7. 10. The light emitter (36) and the photosensitive element (37) are close to the upper beam deflection element (12). photosensitive elements (37) located abutting and at the same height above the treatment area and facing each other; as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the radiation source (3) is electrically connected to the radiation source (3). mounted equipment. 11. The bottom beam deflection element (13) is static relative to the top beam deflection element (12). The upper beam deflection element is fixed in a stationary state and the upper beam deflection element The deflection angle of the radiation beam relative to the beam can be changed continuously. 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that: 12. The upper beam deflection element (12) is a single unit swingably mounted. Claim 11, characterized in that it is formed as a surface mirror (43). equipment. 13. The upper beam deflection element (12) can rotate about its own axis. It is characterized by being formed as a mirror-reflecting polyhedron (47) attached so as to 12. The apparatus according to claim 11. 14. shaped as an upper beam deflection element (12) or an acousto-optic deflector (49) 12. A device according to claim 11, characterized in that it is made of: 15. The upper beam deflection element (12) is shaped as an electro-optic deflector (50) 12. A device according to claim 11, characterized in that it is made of: 16. A zoom lens (51) is placed between the radiation source (3) and one beam deflection element. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that: 17. permanently scanning the optical radiation and contaminating the beam-directing elements (12, 13). Each system protects against damage, as well as thermochemical protection of plant impurities. Means for treating the products of decomposition are housed in a chamber (56), the side walls of which are made of fibrous material. It has a slit (57) for the entry and exit of the layer of material and provides said layer with certainty. for supplying and sealing said chamber with an inert gas supply inlet (60). Device according to claim 7, characterized in that it has elements (58, 59) .