JPH0339036B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention involves fermenting manure waste by mixing it with rice husk, which is agricultural waste, to make it odorless and easy to handle.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a homogeneous and highly effective fermented fertilizer containing the three elements of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium at high concentrations. [Conventional technology and problems to be solved] Conventionally, organic self-sufficient fertilizers include manure made by stacking and fermenting a mixture of livestock excrement and litter;
A typical example is compost made by accumulating and fermenting coarse organic matter such as straw, dried grass, and fallen leaves, but all of them have a strong unpleasant rotten odor and are inconvenient to handle. However, there were many variations in quality and lacked commercial viability. In addition, rice straw, dried grass, etc. can be cut into appropriate sizes and used as organic self-sufficient fertilizers as mentioned above, but rice husks cannot be used in this way due to their nature, so they are burned to produce ash. However, this is also causing smoke pollution, and there is no proper way to dispose of it, which has become an important issue for local governments. Therefore, the inventor of the present invention not only makes effective use of such rice husks, which are difficult to dispose of, but also goes one step further to provide an organic fertilizer that is easy to handle and uniform, without the bad odor of conventional manure and compost. Plant seed husks and straw, such as rice husks, are finely ground, mixed homogeneously with manure and excrement, and aerobic fermentation is carried out by repeatedly stirring and depositing as needed to make it odorless, and then under aerobic conditions. This was realized based on the new knowledge that fermented organic fertilizer with an excellent balance of fertilizer components can be obtained by subjecting it to secondary fermentation and ripening. [Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the gist of the present invention is to crush plant seed husks and straw to 32 to 35 microns, and to combine 10 to 20 parts by weight of this pulverized material and 70 to 100 parts by weight of manure and excrement. Mix the ingredients to a moisture content of around 70% that allows aerobic fermentation, and ferment under aerobic conditions by repeating intermittent stirring and deposition at least once a day for 20 to 30 days. The purpose of the present invention is to produce an organic fermented fertilizer that is aged and odorless. In addition to rice husks and rice straw, buckwheat husks and other grain husks and straw can be used as plant seed husks and straw, but the former, rice husks and rice husks, are currently causing problems in terms of agricultural policy. and rice straw, so rice husks would actually be used. Examples of excrement include animal excrement such as chicken manure, cow manure, and pig manure, and human manure. For cow manure and pig manure, manure mixed with litter may also be used. Such fecal matter has a foul odor and usually has a high moisture content, so it is necessary to adjust the moisture content to around 70%, which is suitable for fermentation.

[Table] In order to adjust the moisture content of the above-mentioned manure and urine excrement and to introduce Bacillus subtilis, which is necessary for aerobic fermentation, plant seed shells are mixed to prepare a medium.
To promote uniform mixing and decomposition and humification, plant seed husks and straw should be crushed; in the case of rice husks, 32
Grind to ~35 microns and mix. The amount to be added to feces and urine should be determined by taking into consideration the carbon content to ensure the above water content and the amount of N, which is a nutrient for bacteria. section is appropriate. The optimum amount of N for aerobic fermentation is in the range of 2.0 to 2.5%, but since the component composition of rice husk is as follows, the moisture content should be adjusted mainly.

[Table] Stirring the medium is essential for aerobic fermentation, and repeat stirring and deposition as appropriate. In the aerobic fermentation of the present invention, yeast of the Bacillus subtilis family, such as Bacillus natto, causes an organic reaction and uses extracellular enzymes such as amylase and cellulase; glycosidase that decomposes sugars; Peptidases such as esterases; proteases; amidases such as urease; and various other enzymes act as appropriate depending on changes in properties to promote humification. The pulp sludge fertilizer used is one obtained by fermenting pulp sludge, which is an industrial waste containing plant fibers, with the Bacillus subtilis species. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in further detail based on Examples. [Example] Raw chicken manure 35 parts by weight Cow manure 40 Pig manure 10 Crushed rice husks (average 35 mesh) 15 Mix the above to prepare a culture medium with the following components.

[Table] When this mixed medium was fermented in piles while stirring once a day, the medium temperature rose to around 60°C after the 7th day, resulting in high-temperature fermentation, and the odor disappeared from the medium after the 11th day. The reason why the culture medium temperature decreased on the 6th day was because rice husk was added to adjust the moisture content. Thereafter, as part of the secondary fermentation, the state was observed for 21 days while stirring once a day, and this time the temperature of the culture medium increased.
The temperature dropped to around 45℃ (see Figure 1). Therefore, the medium was assumed to have been completely decomposed and humified by yeast and extracellular enzymes, that is, to be fully ripe, and was taken out and analyzed, and the following results were obtained.

[Fertilizer efficacy test]

In order to confirm the fertilizing effect of the organic fermented fertilizer obtained in the above example (hereinafter referred to as test fertilizer), the following cultivation test was conducted. (1) Test crops (a) Horen grass (variety: Pioneer) (b) Paddy rice (variety: Nipponbare) (2) Test method The above Horen grass was grown by filling a clay pot with a diameter of 30 cm with alluvial medium-grained soil. The test fertilizer was mixed and sown. In addition, for paddy rice, a 1/5000th Rrogner pot was filled with alluvial medium-grained soil, and the Nipponbare (paddy rice) seedlings were planted in a flooded state. (3) Composition of experimental area and outline of cultivation types

【table】 (4) Test results About the growth of Horenso,

[Table] The growth of Horen grass was generally poor due to lack of sunlight during the cultivation period, but it was also observed by visual observation that the test fertilizer-applied plots were better than the non-applied control plots. . According to the above test results, the effect of applying the test fertilizer on growth in leaf length and leaf width was small at the initial stage, but improved as growth progressed. In addition, the difference in application amount was small in the small amount plot, but the effect was clearly large in the medium and high dose plots. The average growth rate for the three observation dates in the table above shows that the leaf length was approximately 6% in the low-volume plot, 15% in the medium-volume plot, and 15% in the high-volume plot compared to the control plot.
22% is also good, and the leaf width is 10% in the small quantity plot and 25% in the medium quantity plot.
% and 32% in the high-volume area, both of which were good. Regarding the growth status of paddy rice, the effect of test fertilizer application on paddy rice did not show as remarkable numerical results as in the case of Horen grass, but on December 20, 1981, it was slightly better than the control plot without application. It was hot. Therefore, the following table lists the results of the rice cultivation test.

[Effects of the present invention]

As is clear from the above results, according to the present invention, manure and excrement, which have a strong odor and are difficult to handle, and agricultural waste, such as rice husks and rice straw, can be processed through organic fermentation that is effective for plant growth. Since it can be used as a fertilizer and does not emit the bad odor common to organic fertilizers, the present invention has great agricultural utility value.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the course of culture medium temperature at a room temperature of around 25°C.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Grind plant seed husks and straw to 32-35 microns,
Mix 10 to 20 parts by weight of this pulverized material with 70 to 100 parts by weight of excrement to obtain a water content of 70% that allows aerobic fermentation.
An organic fermented fertilizer characterized by fermentation being carried out under aerobic conditions by adjusting the amount back and forth and repeating intermittent stirring and deposition at least once a day over a period of 20 to 30 days, resulting in odorless ripening. Manufacturing method.