JPH0327315A - Nitrate poisoning preventive agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prove a nitrate poisoning preventing agent for ruminants such as cattle or sheep by containing a polyether antibiotic as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:The agent contains at least one of polyether antibiotics (e.g. salinomycin, lysocellin, narasin, monensin or lasalocid) as an active ingredient. The preparation form of the agent is especially not limited, and the antibiotic may be administered as such or in a form of powder, granules, tablets etc., using soybean powder, wheat flour, calcium carbonate, rice bran, bran, etc., as a carrier. The agent is administered in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo, deer or reindeer. The dose of the active ingredient depends upon the kind of the ruminant and the antibiotic, but the administration of such a dose as to give an intake of approximately 1-500mg/head/day, preferably 20-200mg/head/day, can effectively prevent the nitrate poisoning.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a preventive agent for nitrate poisoning for ruminants such as cows, sheep, and goats.

[Prior Art] Nitrate poisoning is likely to occur in animals that have ingested plants or feeds with high nitrate content. The mechanism of the disease is that some of the nitrates in ingested plants or feed are reduced in the rumen and enter the blood as nitrites or hydroxylamine, which increases the F content of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
oxidizes e2+ to Fe” to produce methemoglobin,
It is thought that this increase in the proportion of methemoglobin to 50 to 80% inhibits the oxygen carrying ability of red blood cells, causing anoxia in tissues. Therefore, the ability to produce nitrite in the rumen influences the occurrence of nitrate poisoning, and if the ability to produce nitrite is high, nitrate poisoning will occur even if the amount of nitrate ingested is small.

Symptoms of nitrate poisoning include loss of appetite, decreased milk production, increased saliva secretion, loss of energy, food stagnation, teeth grinding, decreased blood pressure, and decreased body temperature.In severe cases, breathing difficulties, hindquarter paralysis, and spasticity may occur. In addition to exhibiting symptoms such as vomiting, drooling, and cyanosis, the body temperature decreases, the pulse becomes weak and rapid, and 12 days after ingestion.
Death may occur within ~24 hours. Additionally, pregnant individuals may experience miscarriage.

A method of treatment after the onset of nitrate poisoning is intravenous injection of methylene blue solution, but this nitrate poisoning occurs suddenly without any warning and may not be treatable. In addition, as adjunctive therapy, there are symptomatic methods such as epinephrine injection and oral administration of glucose or sucrose, but they are not expected to be very effective.

Therefore, an effective preventive drug for nitrate poisoning is desired, but this type of preventive drug has not yet been developed. Precautions such as limiting nitrogen addition are being taken.

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, the nitrate content in plants is affected by various factors such as excessive nitrogen in the soil due to fertilizing large amounts of livestock manure, lack of sunlight, heavy rain, drought, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to select feed with low nitrate content, and it is also difficult to limit the feed for grazing animals, so preventive measures from the feeding side can prevent nitrate poisoning. It was extremely difficult to prevent the disease.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a preventive agent for nitrate poisoning for ruminants that can effectively prevent nitrate poisoning and is safe.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been made to solve the above objects, and the preventive agent for nitrate poisoning for ruminants of the present invention contains at least one type of polyether antibiotic. It is characterized in that it is a component.

Polyether antibiotics that are active ingredients in the nitrate poisoning prevention agent for ruminants of the present invention include salinomycin, lysoserine, naracin, monensin, lasalocid, majuramycin, tetronacin, didromycin, cationonomycin, and votomycin. , ferencimycin, and other polyether antibiotics that have been conventionally used as anti-coccidial agents.

These substances can also be provided in the form of free acids and various salts, such as alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts, or alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts. One type of polyether antibiotic may be used, or two or more types may be used.

Among these, salinomycin and its salts are particularly preferred from a practical standpoint, since sufficient preventive effects can be obtained with particularly low doses.

In obtaining these polyether antibiotics,
Conventional methods, for example, in the case of salinomycin, are described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-
The method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 24120 can be applied as is.

Further, the dosage form of the nitrate poisoning prevention agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and polyether. The antibiotic may be administered as it is, or it may be prepared into a dosage form such as a powder, granule, tablet, or pill using soybean flour, wheat flour, calcium carbonate, rice bran, bran, corn flour, etc. as a carrier. It may be administered later. Further, when administering, the nitrate poisoning preventive agent of the present invention may be orally administered as it is, or may be mixed into feed or drinking water and ingested together with the feed or drinking water.

Examples of animals to which the nitrate poisoning prevention agent of the present invention is administered include cows, sheep, goats, water buffaloes, deer, and reindeer.

The effective dosage of the nitrate poisoning preventive agent of the present invention varies depending on the species or breed, age, weight, sex, health condition, etc. of the ruminant animal and the type of polyether antibiotic used; Nitrate poisoning can be effectively prevented by administering at a rate of approximately 1 to 500 μ/head/day, preferably 20 to 200 μ/head/day.

[Example] Examples of the present invention will be described below.

Example 1 The preventive effect of salinomycin Na salt against nitrate poisoning was evaluated as follows.

Goat rumen fluid under normal conditions, that is, goat rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria and rumen ciliates (hereinafter referred to as rumen fluid with rumen bacteria and rumen ciliates coexisting system)
The liquid temperature of the rumen fluid in this rumen bacteria/rumen ciliate coexistence system was set to a temperature equivalent to that in the goat rumen (39°C).
), nitrate was added to artificially increase the nitrate concentration, and salinomycin Na salt was added to measure the time-dependent changes in the amount of nitrate nitrogen and the amount of nitrite nitrogen in the rumen fluid.

In addition, the amount of rumen bacterial nitrogen in the rumen juice of the above-mentioned rumen bacteria/rumen ciliate coexistence system is 0.09 ■N/d.
, rumen ciliate body density is 8.6 x 106 pieces/kai, rumen ciliate body nitrogen amount is 0.38 ■N/! It was d. As a nitrate, potassium nitrate was added at 10 μa+ol/d, and the amount of salinomycin Na salt added was 2 μg/1.

The measurement results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1.

Comparative Example 1 The same ruminal fluid as that of the rumen bacteria/rumen ciliate coexistence system used in Example 1 was used, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that salinomycin Na salt was not added.
We measured the time-dependent changes in the amount of nitrate nitrogen and the amount of nitrite nitrogen in the ruminal juice of a system in which rumen bacteria and rumen ciliates coexisted.

The results are also shown in Table 1 and FIG.

*: In the column for Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, the upper row represents the percentage of concentration, and the lower number in parentheses represents the concentration value (unit: [μmol/ml]).

As is clear from Table 1 and Figure 1, in Comparative Example 1, the nitrite nitrogen concentration increased significantly as the nitrate nitrogen concentration gradually decreased from the start of the measurement until 12 hours had passed. During this period, it was confirmed that sufficient nitrite was produced by reduction of nitrate to cause nitrate poisoning. On the other hand, in Example 1, 1
Although the nitrate nitrogen concentration decreased until after 2 hours, a significant increase in the nitrite nitrogen concentration was not observed, indicating that the production of nitrite due to nitrate reduction was inhibited during this period. It was confirmed that

Furthermore, in Example 1, no significant increase in nitrite nitrogen concentration was observed even after 12 hours had passed from the start of the measurement.

Therefore, in the case of Example 1 in which salinomycin Na salt was used as the active ingredient, it was revealed that the occurrence of nitrate poisoning was sufficiently suppressed.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the nitrate poisoning preventive agent of the present invention can effectively prevent nitrate poisoning in resistant animals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in nitrate nitrogen concentration over time and changes in nitrite nitrogen concentration over time in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A preventive agent for nitrate poisoning for ruminants, characterized by containing at least one polyether antibiotic as an active ingredient. (2) The preventive agent for nitrate poisoning for ruminants according to claim (1), wherein the polyether antibiotic is salinomycin or a salt thereof.