JPH03269585A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To preclude chattering due to a rebound even when a key is pressed slowly by providing an inhibiting means which inhibits a key state signal from varying for a constant time after a 2nd or specific succeeding key switch element operates according to the output of a timer means. CONSTITUTION:When a key is pressed, key switch elements 1-1 - 1-n operate in order. A key state detecting means 2 detects the operation states of those key switch elements 1-1 - 1-n and outputs a key state signal such as a key depression signal and a key release signal according to the detection results. Further, the timer means 3 clocks the elapsed time from the specific key switch element among the 2nd and succeeding key switch elements 1-2 - 1-n. The inhibiting means 4 inhibits the key state signal from varying until the elapsed time exceeds the constant time. Consequently, even when the key is pressed slowly, the chattering due to the rebound, etc., is precluded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Field of Application] This invention comprises a plurality of key switch elements that are activated sequentially at different key depression depths for each key, and the operating state of these key switch elements is The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that detects a sewing operation based on the sewing operation, and particularly relates to an electronic musical instrument that prevents chattering due to rebound of these key switch elements.

[Prior Art] In conventional electronic musical instruments, a hammer is added to each key in order to give a touch feeling to the key, and a plurality of key switch elements are provided that operate sequentially at different key depression depths, and these switches A device is known that detects the velocity (touch) of a key based on the difference in actuation time of elements.

In such electronic musical instruments, there is a problem in that each switch element causes chattering due to the rebound of the hammer at the end of a key press, and undesired signals are sent from each switch element.

The electronic keyboard instrument disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-321488 attempts to solve the above problem by performing rebound processing by prohibiting the key state signal from changing for a certain period of time after the first switch is turned on.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the key state detection circuit of the electronic keyboard instrument disclosed in JP-A-1-321488 does not control the rebound dead time (mask time) based on the time after the first switch is turned on. Therefore, if the key is pressed slowly, the count value has already reached the mask time by the time the key reaches the bottom, and the key state detection circuit will detect an undesired switch state change due to hammer rebound. There was this inconvenience.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic musical instrument that can prevent chatter due to rebound etc. even when keys are pressed slowly.

[Means for Solving the Problem] In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect of the invention,
As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of key switch elements 1-1゜..., 1-n operate sequentially with different key depression depths, and the state of the key is expressed based on the operating state of the key switch elements. switch state detection means 2 for generating a key state signal;
Second or subsequent keyswitch element 1-2.・・・
. . . A clock means 3 for measuring the elapsed time after a predetermined key switch element among 1-n is actuated; and a clock means 3 for counting the elapsed time from when a predetermined key switch element among 1-n is activated, and a second or subsequent predetermined key switch element A prohibiting means 4 is provided for prohibiting a change in the key state signal for a certain period of time after activation. The key state signal is supplied to the musical tone signal forming means 5 as one piece of musical tone signal forming information.

In a second aspect of the invention, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of key switch elements 1-1. . . . , 1-n, switch operating state detection means 2 for generating a key state signal representing the operating state of the key based on the operating state of the key switch element, actuation of a plurality of key switch elements for each key; means 6 for detecting the release speed of the key based on the state; and for each key a second or subsequent keyswitch element 1-2. . . ., a clock means 3 for measuring the elapsed time after a predetermined key switch element among 1-n is activated, and a second or subsequent predetermined key switch based on the output of this clock means. A prohibition means 8 is provided for prohibiting detection of the key release speed for a certain period of time after the element is activated. In this second aspect, keyswitch element 1-■.

... 1-n, the switch operation state detection means 2 and the clock means 3 are the same as in the first embodiment, and the inhibition means 8 is the same as the inhibition means 4 in the first embodiment except that the controlled object is different.
The same one can be used.

Note that the above-mentioned key switch element 1-1. ...1-n
, switch state detection means 2, time measurement means 3, prohibition means 4.
8 and sm speed detection means 6 are provided for each key. Further, the measured time can be made variable based on the tone range, timbre, keyboard characteristics, distinction between white keys and black keys, and the like.

[Operation and Effect] In the above configuration, when a key is pressed, keyswitch element 1-1. ..., 1-n operate sequentially. The key state detecting means 2 detects the operating state of these key switch elements, and based on the detection result, a key press signal and an llI
&! It outputs a signal and, if necessary, a key state signal such as a key touch (key pressing speed and t!liH speed) signal. Further, the clocking means 3 includes the second or subsequent key switch elements 1-2. . . . The elapsed time from the activation of a predetermined key switch element among 1-n is measured. Said first
In this aspect, the prohibition means 4 prohibits the change of the key state signal until the elapsed time exceeds a certain time.

According to the first aspect of the invention, the chattering mask time for inhibiting a change in the key state signal is set not from the time when the first key switch element 1-1 is actuated, but from the time when the second or subsequent key switch element 1-1 is activated. Switch element 1-2. ...,
The measurement is made after a predetermined key switch element among 1-n is activated. Therefore, by slowly pressing the key, the first keyswitch element 1-1 is turned on, and then the second or subsequent keyswitch element 1-2 is turned on.
Even if it takes a relatively long time, for example, several tens of milliseconds or more, for 1-n to operate, the mask time starts from there. Therefore, JP-A-1-321488
This problem has been solved, as in the electronic keyboard instrument disclosed in No. 1, in which the anti-chattering effect is lost when the mask time has already elapsed.

Further, in the second aspect of the present invention, the key switch element 1-1. . . . , key release speed detecting means 6 is provided for detecting the m sewing speed of the key based on the operating state of keys 1-n, and the inhibiting means 8 detects the m sewing speed of the key based on the operating state of the key switch element. Detection of the key release speed is prohibited until the time exceeds a certain time. Thereby, generation of an undesired or inaccurate key release speed signal due to chattering during key release can be prevented. Further, as in the first aspect, the chattering mask time for inhibiting the generation of the m sewing speed signal is not set from the time when the first key switch element 1-1 is activated, but from the second or subsequent key switch element 1-1. Key switch element 1-2. ..., 1-n, the measurement is performed after a predetermined key switch element is activated. Therefore, by slowly pressing the key, the first keyswitch element 1-1 is turned on, and then the second or subsequent keyswitch element 1-2 is turned on. ..., 1-n, even if it takes a relatively long time, for example several tens of m5 or more, to operate, the mask time starts from there. Therefore, even in such a case, the chattering prevention effect for key release speed detection is prevented from being impaired.

[Example code] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 shows the hardware configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The electronic musical instrument shown in the figure uses a central processing unit (CPU) 10 to control its overall operation. C.P.
A program memory 12, a working memory 13, and a parameter memory 1 are connected to U10 via a bidirectional path line 11.
4, an operation switch group 15, a sewing operation detection circuit 16, and a tone generator 17 are connected. A keyboard circuit 18 is connected to the sewing motion detection circuit 16. Further, a sound system 19 is connected to the tone generator 17.

The program memory 12 is a read only memory (ROM).
), etc., and stores a control program for the CPU 10.

The working memory 13 is a random access memory (RA).
Consists of M). In this working memory 13, CP
Registers and flags are set for temporarily storing various data generated when LIIO executes the control program. Such registers include the sound generation channel register CHN and the key code register KC (C
HN), key-off velocity register KFV (CHN
), key-on velocity register KNV (CHN),
There are a white key threshold register THL (W), a black key threshold register THL (B), and the like. Further, registers 37 and 47 (FIG. 4) in the sewing operation detection circuit 16, which will be described later, can also be set in the working memory 13.

The parameter memory 14 consists of ROM, and contains information such as each tone, amplitude, key pressing speed, and 1ml! Parameters necessary for forming musical tones according to speed, etc. are stored.

The switch group 15 is composed of switches (not shown) such as tone switches and various effect switches, and generates switch information representing the on/off state of each of these switches.

The keyboard circuit 18 includes two key switches 20 and 21 that are sequentially activated (turned on) for each part (key) of the keyboard (not shown) in accordance with the depth of depression of the key, and are activated in accordance with the state of each of these key switches. generates a signal.

1tlI] The operation detection circuit 16 generates a key state signal indicating whether each part is in a pressed state or an 11-key state based on an output signal from the keyboard circuit 18. Furthermore, a key-on velocity signal representing the pressing speed of the key is generated according to the time difference between when the switch 20 is turned on and when the switch 21 is turned on, and the time difference between when the switch 21 is turned off and when the switch 20 is turned off. Depending on the key III &! Generates a key-off velocity signal representing speed.

FIG. 4 shows details of the key state detection circuit 16 and the keyboard circuit 18 (switches 20 and 21). The figure shows a circuit for one #a. FIG. 5 is a signal waveform diagram at each part of the circuit of FIG. 4.

Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, when one of the keys constituting the keyboard is pressed by a player, the pressed key is detected by the switch 20.21, and a key status signal KEY is detected.
ONI, KEYON2, key press velocity signal KONV,
and m1! The process of forming Velocity Gogo KOFFV will be explained along with its structure.

When the key starts to fall at the same time as the key press starts, the switch 20 is first pressed and turned on, and a high level detection signal MKI is output.
is supplied to one side of the OR gate 25 (time tl)
. This causes the OR gate 25 to output its output signal KONI.
to move from a low level to a high level. The rising edge detection circuit 31 of the key-on velocity detection circuit 30 detects the leading edge of this output signal KONI and outputs the pulse to the counter 32.
is supplied to the reset terminal RST. As a result, the count value of the counter 32 is reset to "O".

When the count value of the counter 32 is reset to "o" in this way, the output of the all bit "1" detection circuit (all 1 detection circuit) 33 becomes a low level, and the output of the inverter 34 that inverts the output is Becomes a high level. This high level signal is supplied to one input of AND gate 35.

The AND gate 35 is supplied with the output signal KON 1 at a high level on the other side, and both inputs are at a high level, resulting in a high level signal being supplied to the enable terminal EN of the counter 32. As a result, the counter 32 becomes ready for counting, counts the clock CLK, and increments the counted value CTI.

The output signal KONI is further input to one input of the AND gate 41 of the key-off velocity detection circuit 40, the input of the falling detection circuit 42, one input of the AND gate 51 of the mask circuit 50, and the key state detection circuit 60.
It is supplied to the human power of the rising detection circuit 61 and the human power of the falling detection circuit 62. In the key state detection circuit 60, the rising edge detection circuit 61 detects the rising edge of the output signal KONI, generates a high level pulse of one clock width, and supplies it to the set terminal of the flip-flop 63. As a result, the output KEYON of the flip-flop 63
1 goes from low level to high level.

When the key falls further, the switch 21 is pressed and turned on, supplying a high-level detection signal MK2 to one input of the OR gate 26 (time t2), causing the OR gate 26 to lower its output signal KON2. Move from one level to a higher level. In the key-on velocity detection circuit 30, a rise detection circuit 36 detects the output signal KO.
A pulse KONEV is generated by detecting the leading edge of N2. A register (REG) 37 latches the count value of the counter 32 in response to this pulse KONEV. The count value latched in the register 37 corresponds to the key press time from the press of the switch 20 to the press of the switch 21, that is, the key press velocity (key-on velocity). The register 37 outputs the latched count value to the key-on velocity signal KO.
Output as NV. This signal KONV is used for musical tone formation, which will be described later.

In the Kasuri state detection circuit 60, a rise detection circuit 65 detects the rise of the output signal KON2 and generates a pulse, and the flip-flop 65 receives this pulse to the set terminal. As a result, the output KEYON2 of the flip-flop 63 transitions from low level to high level.

Furthermore, in the mask circuit 50, the rising edge detection circuit 52 detects the leading edge of this output signal KON2 and supplies a pulse to the reset terminal R3T of the counter 53. As a result, the count value of the counter 53 is reset to "O". When the count value of the counter 53 is reset to "0" in this way, the output of the all bit "1" detection circuit (all 1 detection circuit) 54 becomes a low level, and the output of the inverter 55 that inverts the output is Becomes a high level. This high level signal causes one human power to output the high level output signal KO.
It is supplied to the other input of AND gate 51 which is supplied with NI. In this way, the ant gate 51 supplies a high level signal to the enable terminal EN of the counter 53 as a result of the two human powers being at high levels. As a result, the counter 53 becomes ready for counting, and the clock CL
K is counted and the counted value CT2 is incremented.

In this electronic musical instrument, hammers are provided in each part of the keyboard to provide a touch sensation.

This hammer not only moves in conjunction with the key by being given key pressing force by the key, but also can move independently of the key, and due to this independence, only the hammer rebounds when the key is finished being pressed. . Then, when the hammer rebounds at the end of the key press, the switches 20 and 21 are repeatedly pressed and turned on and off. The mask circuit 50 includes such a switch 20.
This is to prevent an undesired key status signal from being generated due to the chattering of 21.

When the count value CT2 of the counter 53 is reset as described above, the comparator 56 detects that the count value CT2 is less than the preset threshold THL and changes its output signal 0FDS from the low level. Move to a higher level.

Here, the threshold value THL is set corresponding to a count value when the clock pulse CLK is counted for a predetermined mask time TM after the counter 53 is reset. The mask time TM corresponds to the time when the rebound of the hammer is completely completed, and is set to, for example, 30 m5. The output signal 0FDS is supplied to OR gates 25 and 26 to maintain their output signals KONI and KON2 at a high level. As a result, the OR gates 25 and 26 output the output signal KONI and KON2 remains high and key status signals KEYON1 and KEYON2 do not change.

Furthermore, the key release signal, which will be described later, does not change. Further, the mask time TM, that is, the time during which the output signal 0FDS is at a high level, is measured from the time (t2) when the second switch 21, which is activated among the switches that are activated sequentially according to the depth of key depression, is turned on. Therefore, even if it takes several tens of m5 after the first switch 20 is activated until the switch 21 is activated, the mask time TM (
This prevents a situation in which an undesired key status signal is output even after t7-t2) has elapsed.

At time t7, when the count value CT2 of the counter 53 exceeds the threshold value THL after the mask time TM has elapsed from time t2, the comparator 56 shifts its output signal 0FDS from high level to low level.

As a result, the OR gates 25 and 26 output the output signal K
Signals corresponding to signals MKI and MK2 are output as ONI and KON2.

In other words, masking is canceled.

Note that the threshold value THL is preferably set to different values for white keys and black keys. To do this, as shown in FIG. 6, a white key register 70 and a black key register 71 are connected to the pass line 11 in FIG.
Then, threshold values THL (W) and THL (B) for white keys and black keys are set in registers 70 and 71, respectively. and,
The threshold outputs of the registers 70 and 71 may be connected to the comparator 56 of the key information detection circuit 16 for white keys and the comparator 56 of the key information detection circuit 16 for black keys.

With masking removed! 1 key is started and first, when the switch 21 is turned off (time t9), the output signal KON2 of the OR gate 26 shifts from high level to low level since the two human inputs MK2 and 0FDS are both at low level. .

In the key-off velocity detection circuit 40, the falling edge detection circuit 43 detects the falling edge (
trailing edge) and supplies a high level pulse to the reset terminal R3T of the counter 44. As a result, the counter 44
The count value of is reset to "0". When the count value of the counter 44 is reset to "O" in this way, the output of the all bit "1" detection circuit (all 1 detection circuit) 45 becomes a low level, and the inverter 46 inverts the output.
output will be at a high level. This high level signal is supplied to one input of AND gate 41.

The AND gate 41 is still supplied with the output signal KONI at a high level, and as a result both inputs are at a high level, a high level signal is supplied to the enable terminal EN of the counter 44. As a result, the counter 44 becomes ready for counting, counts the clock CLK, and increments the counted value CT3.

Further, in the key state detection circuit 60, the falling detection circuit 66 detects the falling of the output signal KON2 and
A high-level pulse with a clock width is generated and supplied to the reset terminal of the flip-flop 65. As a result, the output KEYON2 of the flip-flop 65 transitions from high level to low level.

When the key is released and the switch 20 is turned off at time tlo, the OR gate 25 inputs the two input MKIs.
Since both 0FDS and 0FDS become low level, the output signal KONI shifts from high level to low level. In the key-off velocity detection circuit 40, a falling detection circuit 42 detects the falling edge (trailing edge) of the output signal KONI and generates a pulse KOFEV. A register (REG) 47 latches the count value of the counter 44 in response to this pulse KOFEV. The count value latched in the register 47 is the elapsed time from when the switch 21 is turned off until the switch 20 is turned off when the key is released;
That is, 1111t1! It supports speed (key-off velocity). This count value is latched in the register 47 until the next pulse KOFEV is generated. The register 47 inputs the latched count value to the key-off velocity signal KO.
Output as FFV. This signal KOFFV is also used for musical tone formation, which will be described later.

The key state signals KEYON1 and KEYON2, the key-on velocity signal KONV, and the key-off velocity signal KOFFV formed as described above are supplied to the CPU 10 via the bus 11, as shown in FIG. C
The PU 10 uses the working memory 13, the parameter memory 14, etc. according to the control program stored in the program memory 12, and outputs the key status signal KEYO.
N1 and KEYON 2, key-on velocity signal K
The ONV, key-off velocity signal KOFFV, and operation signals input from the operation switch group 15 are processed by IA to form musical tone control information, and the information is sent to the tone generator 17. The tone generator 17 forms a musical tone signal based on the musical tone control information and supplies it to the sound system 19. The sound system 19 includes a tone generator 17
The musical tone signal supplied from the converter is converted into sound and produced.

Next, the operation of the CPU 10 in Figure 3 will be explained with reference to Figures 7 to 9.

When the electronic musical instrument shown in FIG. 3 is powered on, the cpUIO starts the main processing shown in FIG. 7. First, step 701
Now, the sound generation channel register CHN set in the working memory 13.

Key code register KC (CHN), key-off velocity register KFV (CHN), key-on velocity register KNV (CHN), white key threshold register THL (
W) and black key threshold register THL (B) and other registers and flags are set or reset. After that, key event processing in step 702, tone switch event processing in step 703, and step 704 FIG. 8 shows the details of the key event processing (step 702) in FIG. 7, in which a circular process consisting of other processes is executed.

Referring to FIG.
It is determined whether the state of ION2 has changed (a key event has occurred). l! Status signals KEYONI and KEIO
If the state of none of N2 has changed, this key event processing is ended and the main processing (step 70 in Fig. 7) is performed.
Return to 3).

If either key status signal KEYONI or KEION
2 has changed, the content of the state change is determined in steps 802-804.

That is, if the event is a change in the key state signal KEYON1 from a low level to a high level (key-on event), the presence of the key-on event is determined in step 802, and the processing of the CPU 10 proceeds from step 802 to step 805. At step 805, the sound generation channel of the musical tone (key code KC) corresponding to the key where the event occurred is assigned. Furthermore, in step 806, the channel number CHN is stored in the channel register in the working memory 13, and in step 807, the key code KC is stored in the key code register KC (CH
N), the channel number CHN and key code KC (CHN) are output to the tone generator 17 in step 808, this key event processing is ended, and the process returns to the main processing (step 7o3 in FIG. 7).

If the key event in step 801 is a change in the key status signal KEYONI from a high level to a low level (key-off event), it is determined in step 803, and the process of the CPU 10 proceeds from step 803 to step 810, step 810. Then, a sound generation channel to which the same key code KC as the key with which the key-off event has occurred is searched for, and its sound generation channel number is stored in the sound generation channel number register CHN. Furthermore, in step 811, the key-off velocity KOFF of that key is determined.
After storing V in the key-off velocity register KFV (CHN) in the working memory 13, step 812
Then, the channel number CHN, key-off signal and key-off velocity KFV (CHN) are output to the tone generator 17, this key event processing is completed, and the process returns to the main processing (step 703 in FIG. 7). The tone generator 17 performs a muting process on the keyed-off musical tone based on this information.

If the key event in step 801 is a change in the key status signal KEYON2 from a low level to a high level (key second stage on event), it is determined in step 804, and the process of the CPU 10 moves from step 804 to step 820. In step 820, a sound generation channel to which the same key code KC as the key with which the second key on event has occurred is searched for, and its sound generation channel number is stored in the sound generation channel number register CHH. Furthermore, in step 821, the key-on velocity KON of that key is stored in the key-on velocity register KNV (CHN) in the working memory 13, and in step 822, the channel number CHN, key-on signal, and key-on velocity KFV (CHN) are stored in the tone generator. 17, this key event processing is ended, and the process returns to the main processing (step 703 in FIG. 7). The tone generator 17 performs signal formation processing (sound generation processing) of the keyed musical tone based on this information.

Figure 's9 shows details of the tone switch event processing (step 703) in Figure 7.

Referring to FIG. 9, in step 901, CPU 10 takes in the output of operation switch group 15 and determines whether or not there is a tone switch event. If there is no tone switch event, this key event processing is ended and the process returns to the main processing (step 704 in FIG. 7). On the other hand, if a tone switch event has occurred, the process advances to step 902. Then, in step 902, the tone color number is stored in the tone color register TCN in the working memory 13, and in step 903, the tone color parameter corresponding to the tone color number TCN is output to the tone generator 17.

Further, in step 904, a white key threshold value T, which is a parameter corresponding to the tone number TCN, is extracted from the parameter memory 14.
After reading HL(W) and black key threshold THL(B) and outputting these parameters THL(W) and THL(B) to the sewing operation detection circuit 16 in step 905, this tone switch event processing is terminated. Then, the process returns to the main process (step 704 in FIG. 7).

[General Examples of the Invention] Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications.

For example, the threshold parameter THL described above may be key scaled.

Further, in the above description, the sewing motion detection circuit is provided for each section, but one or a small number of sewing motion detection circuits may be used in a time-sharing manner.

Further, the velocity may be counted by software.

Furthermore, the touch count (key pressing speed detection) may be performed by providing the same number of counters as the number of sound generation channels and temporarily assigning them. In that case, processing can be carried out using a circuit as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-8356.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1fi1 and 2 are claims correspondence diagrams, FIG. 3 is a hardware configuration diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a more detailed diagram of the sewing operation detection circuit in FIG. 3. 5 is a signal waveform diagram of each part in the circuit of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a partial circuit diagram showing an example of applying the threshold value THL in the circuit of FIG. 4, and FIGS. Figure 9 shows the third
It is a flowchart figure which shows the process which CPU10 in a figure performs. 10: Central processing unit (CPU) 16: Sewing operation detection circuit 18: Ill four circuit 0.21: Key switch 25.26: OR gate 30: Key press speed detection circuit 40: Key release speed detection circuit 50: Mask circuit 60: Key state detection circuit 44.53: Counter 56: Comparator 4 Fig. Fig. Fig. 7M Fig. Fig. Fig. 9

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A mirror state in which a plurality of key switch elements provided for each key are sequentially operated at different key depression depths, and a key status signal representing the key status is generated based on the operating status of the key switch element. a detection means; a timer for measuring the elapsed time since a second or subsequent predetermined key switch element is activated for each key; and prohibiting means for prohibiting a change in the key state signal for a certain period of time after the key switch element of the electronic musical instrument is activated. (2) The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the time measurement is made variable based on one or more of the following: range, timbre, keyboard characteristics, and distinction between white keys and black keys. (3) A mirror state in which a plurality of key switch elements provided for each key are sequentially activated at different key depression depths, and a key status signal representing the key status is generated based on the operating status of the key switch element. detection means; means for detecting the key release speed of each key based on the operating state of a plurality of keyswitch elements for each key; a timing means for counting the elapsed time since the key release speed was activated; and a prohibition for prohibiting the detection of the key release speed for a certain period of time after the second or subsequent predetermined key switch element is activated based on the output of the timing means. An electronic musical instrument characterized by comprising means. (4) The electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, wherein the time measurement is made variable based on one or more of the following: tone range, timbre, keyboard characteristics, and distinction between white keys and black keys.