JPH03249305A - Turbo supercharger - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To operate an exhaust turbine efficiently from a low speed to a high speed region with a simple structure containing small number of parts by moving high speed vane lines and low speed vane lines in a nozzle part according to a flow rate of exhaust gas. CONSTITUTION:A pair of ring housing chambers 13, 15 on a side wall opposing to a nozzle part 11 located between an exhaust gas passage 10 and an exhaust gas turbine. High speed vane lines 16 moving from the ring housing chamber 13 to the nozzle part 11 and vise versa are arranged 22 inclined in the direction of a normal line of the exhaust turbine. Low speed vane lines 17 which move between the nozzle part 11 and the ring housing chamber 15 interlockingly with the motion of the high speed vane lines 16 are arranged in the direction of a tangential line of the exhaust turbine 22. The high speed vane lines 16 and the low speed vane lines 17 are moved in the nozzle part 11 according to an amount of exhaust gas introduced from the exhaust gas passage 10 through the nozzle part 11 to the exhaust gas turbine 22. The exhaust turbine 22 can be efficiently operated from a low speed area to a high speed area with a simple structure.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a turbo supercharger that is widely used in variable speed engines such as automobiles to increase engine output.

[Prior Art] As is well known, when a turbocharger is used in a variable-speed engine such as an automobile, the exhaust turbine does not operate effectively at low speeds due to the low exhaust gas flow rate, resulting in a lack of low-speed engine torque. There is a drawback.

In order to improve this, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 8, a variable vane 3 was installed at the front of the exhaust turbine rotor 2 in the exhaust turbine scroll 1 to freely vary the exhaust gas flow velocity and its direction. However, a variable vane type turbo supercharger is considered, which controls the exhaust gas entering the exhaust turbine by changing the variable vane 3 according to the load of the variable speed engine, thereby securing engine torque from the low speed range to the high speed range. ing.

However, in a conventional turbocharger, more than ten variable vanes 3 are installed in a narrow chamber inside the exhaust turbine scroll 1, and each variable vane 3 must be rotated one by one by a link mechanism at the same time. There were problems in that the number of devices was large, complicated, and difficult to miniaturize (not to mention expensive).

Furthermore, there is a conventional turbocharger as shown in FIG. 9 which does not have the above-mentioned problems. That is, the turbo supercharger shown in FIG. 9 is equipped with a medium-speed vane row ring 4 in the nozzle portion 5 through which the exhaust turbine effectively operates at a medium flow rate, and has holes through which each vane row of the medium-speed vane row ring 4 passes. 6
A side wall ring 6 having a hole a is provided on the side wall of the nozzle portion 5 so as to be movable forward and backward relative to the nozzle portion 5.

At medium flow rates, the vane row protrudes to the full width of the nozzle section 5, and the medium speed vane row ring 4 narrows the width of the nozzle section 5 to increase the flow velocity, so that the exhaust turbine can operate effectively even at medium flow rates. ing.

In addition, at a high flow rate, the end face and side wall of the medium speed vane row ring 4
is slightly opened, and the side wall ring 6 is made wider than the width of the nozzle part 5 to guide exhaust gas to the exhaust turbine.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in the conventional turbocharger shown in Fig. 9, when the exhaust gas has a medium flow rate, the width of the nozzle part 5 is narrowed by the medium speed vane row ring 4, and then the flow is widened again by the exhaust turbine, so a vortex is generated. , expansion loss occurs, and the width of the nozzle part 5 increases at high flow rates, so expansion flow loss occurs.
Also, throttling loss occurs in the exhaust turbine. For this,
The problem was that the exhaust turbine could not be operated efficiently over the entire range from low speeds to high speeds.

This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems.It uses a simple mechanism with a small number of parts to efficiently operate the exhaust turbine from low speed ranges to high speed ranges, and is also compact, lightweight, and trouble-free. The purpose is to provide a low cost turbo supercharger.

[Means for Solving the Problems] A turbocharger according to the present invention includes a pair of storage chambers formed on opposing side walls of a nozzle portion located between an exhaust gas passage and an exhaust turbine, and a A high-speed vane row that moves forward and backward between one side and the nozzle section, and each vane is arranged inclined toward the normal direction of the exhaust turbine, and the other side of the nozzle section and the storage chamber. It is composed of a low-speed vane row that moves forward and backward in conjunction with the forward and backward movement of the high-speed vane row, and each vane is arranged in the tangential direction of the exhaust turbine, and exhausts exhaust gas from the exhaust gas passage through the nozzle part Let it lead to the turbine.

It is something that

[Function] The turbocharger of the present invention operates the exhaust turbine efficiently by moving a high-speed vane row and a low-speed vane row back and forth within the nozzle portion depending on the flow rate of exhaust gas.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 10 is an exhaust gas passage, 11 is a nozzle portion communicating with the exhaust gas passage 10, and the opposing side walls of this nozzle portion 11 are A ring storage chamber 13 into which the high-speed vane tongue 12 is fitted has a hole 12a for a high-speed vane shown in FIG. 4(a) and a hole 14a for a low-speed vane shown in FIG. 4(b). A ring storage chamber 15 into which the low-speed vane ring 14 fits is formed. Reference numeral 16 denotes a high-speed vane row inserted into the ring storage chamber 13, and as shown in FIG. 5, the high-speed vanes 16a are arranged on the same circumference and inclined toward the normal direction of the exhaust turbine. 17 is ring storage room 15
In the low-speed vane row inserted into the exhaust turbine, each low-speed vane 17a is arranged on the same circumference in the tangential direction of the outer circumference of the exhaust turbine.

The high speed vane row 16 and the low speed vane row 17 are the fourth
As shown in Figures (c) and (d), they are integrally connected. 1
Reference numeral 8 denotes a ring-shaped plate for arranging the high-speed vane row 16 and the low-speed vane row 17 at equal intervals, and the high-speed vane row 16, the low-speed vane row 17, and the ring-shaped plate 18 constitute a variable vane body 19.

A pair of control rods 20 are provided at predetermined positions in the diametrical direction of the ring-shaped plate 18 through the housing 21, and the control rods 20 connect the high-speed vane row 16 and the low-speed vane row 17 of the variable vane body 19 to the nozzle portion 11. advance and retreat within. 22 is an exhaust turbine rotated by exhaust gas that has passed from the exhaust gas passage 10 between the vanes of the high-speed vane row 16 and the low-speed vane row 17.

Next, the operation will be explained.

At low speed, the control rod 20 is pushed into the ring storage chamber 15 as shown in FIG.

Then, the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas passage 10 is as shown in FIG.
) is narrowed by passing between the low-speed vanes 1 and 7a of the low-speed vane row 17 shown in FIG.

Also, at high speeds, the control rod 20 is
The nozzle part 11 is made to protrude outside from the ring storage chamber 15 as shown in FIG. Therefore, the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas passage 10 passes between each high-speed vane 16a of the high-speed vane row 16 shown in FIG.
The flow direction of the exhaust gas is inclined toward the normal direction of the exhaust turbine 22. Therefore, even when the flow rate is large, the exhaust gas can be effectively guided into the exhaust turbine 22 without being discharged to the outside, and the turbocharger can be operated effectively without exceeding the maximum allowable rotation speed. .

Furthermore, at medium speed, the nozzle part 1
1, the control rod 20 is operated so that a portion of the high speed vane row 16 and a portion of the low speed pen row 17 are both located. Therefore, the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas passage 10 passes between each high speed vane 16a and low speed vane 17a with a flow rate characteristic intermediate between the high speed vane row 16 and the low speed vane row 17, as shown in FIG. 3(b). , the exhaust turbine 22 can be effectively operated.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the low speed vane 17a and the high speed vane 1
6a is shown, but as shown in FIG. 6, the trailing ends of the low-speed vane 17a and the high-speed vane 16a are aligned, and the side surfaces of the low-speed vane 17a and the high-speed vane 16a are connected to a connecting plate 23. It is also possible to interpose them and join them together. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the side surfaces of the low-speed vane 17a and the high-speed vane 16a may be connected to each other with a ring-shaped partition 24 interposed therebetween.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the high-speed vane row and the low-speed vane row are advanced or retreated within the nozzle portion depending on the flow rate of exhaust gas guided from the exhaust gas passage to the exhaust turbine via the nozzle portion, The structure is configured to control the flow rate and direction of exhaust gas guided to the exhaust turbine, so the number of parts is small, the mechanism is simple, small and lightweight, and there are fewer failures, and the exhaust turbine can be used from low speeds to high speeds. This has the effect of providing something that can operate efficiently.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a turbocharger according to the present invention, and Figs. Ward (a
) (b) are the same (a cross-sectional view and a front view showing the position of the variable vane body on the nozzle part at high speed, and a cross-sectional view and front view showing the position of the variable vane body on the nozzle part at medium speed, respectively). 4(a) is a front view showing a high-speed vane ring, FIG. 4(b) is a front view showing a low-speed vane ring, and FIGS. 4(c) and 4(d) are front views showing a variable vane body. , a side view, FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of the variable vane body according to the present invention, FIGS. 6 and 7 are perspective views showing other examples of the variable vane body, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another example of the variable vane body according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a turbocharger, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a conventional turbocharger, and FIG. Figure 1 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the position of the medium-speed vane row ring on the nozzle section at medium speed, and (C) the same figure shows the position of the medium-speed vane row ring on the nozzle section at high speed It is a sectional view. 10... Exhaust gas passage, 11... Nozzle part, 13.
15... Storage chamber (ring storage chamber) 16... High speed vane row, 17... Low speed vane row, 22... In the exhaust turbine diagram, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In the turbo supercharger, the exhaust turbine is operated by exhaust gas flowing from the exhaust gas passage to the exhaust turbine through the nozzle part, and the turbocharger includes a pair of storage chambers formed on opposing side walls of the nozzle part; A high-speed vane row that advances and retreats between one of the chambers and the nozzle section, and each vane is arranged so as to be inclined toward the normal direction of the exhaust turbine, and between the nozzle section and the other side of the storage chamber. and a low-speed vane row that moves forward and backward in conjunction with the forward and backward movement of the high-speed vane row, and each vane is arranged in the connection direction of the exhaust turbine.