JPH0233917B2 - DANNETSUBAN - Google Patents
DANNETSUBANInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0233917B2 JPH0233917B2 JP56058258A JP5825881A JPH0233917B2 JP H0233917 B2 JPH0233917 B2 JP H0233917B2 JP 56058258 A JP56058258 A JP 56058258A JP 5825881 A JP5825881 A JP 5825881A JP H0233917 B2 JPH0233917 B2 JP H0233917B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- vacuum
- thermal conductivity
- film
- torr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/04—Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Description
従来、通常の保温保冷用断熱材として、ガラス
繊維、岩綿、発泡ポリウレタン、発泡ポリスチレ
ンなどが使用されている。ガラス繊維や岩綿は耐
熱性が良好であるが、しかしそれらの熱伝導率は
0.03〜0.05Kcal／mh℃であり、断熱効果があま
りよくない。また、発泡ポリウレタンや発泡ポリ
スチレンなどの発泡樹脂は冷蔵庫などの低温保冷
材として一般に使用され、その24℃における熱伝
導率は0.015〜0.03Kcal／mh℃に達している。し
かし、これらについては前記値以上にまで断熱特
性を向上させることは容易でない。さらに、液化
石油ガスタンクや液体窒素タンクの保冷法とし
て、タンク容器を二重にして、その間隙にパーラ
イト粉末などの粉末を真空充填した断熱法が知ら
れているが、この場合、0.01Torrより高真空が
必要であり、この真空度を達成することは工業的
に容易なことではなく、また、その容器として高
真空に耐えうる鉄板などの強固な材質を用いなけ
ればならず、さらに、パーライト粉末を圧縮して
密に充填する必要があるが、その高密度充填方法
が困難であるなどその製造法が工業的に非常に不
利である欠点がある。
本発明は上記欠点を除去し、熱伝導率が
0.01Kcal／mh℃より小さく断熱効果に優れ、工
業的に困難な0.01Torrより高真空を必要とする
ことなく、工業的に容易な0.1〜1Torr程度の真
空度で容易に製造でき、また鉄板などの強固な重
い材質を使用することなく、軽量な粉末真空断熱
板を提供することを目的とするものである。その
もつとも特徴とするところは、フイルム状プラス
チツク容器の中に、シリカ粉末や含水珪酸粉末ま
たは炭酸カルシウム粉末の単粒子径が1μｍ以下
の微粒子粉末が充填され、真空に排気されてなる
ことにある。
一般に真空に保たれた容器中に粉末を充填した
ときの熱伝導率はその真空度に依存して変動する
が、粉末真空断熱用として公知のパーライト粉末
（平均粒子径150μｍ）を使用した場合、0.5Torr
の真空下において、24℃における熱伝導率は
0.02Kcal／mh℃である。これに対し、種々の検
討を行なつた結果、単粒子の粒径がより小さい微
粒子を使用することによつて、同程度の真空下に
おける熱伝導率がより向上する効果を見出したも
のであり、特に平均粒子径が1μｍ以下の微粒子
の場合、熱伝導率が1Torrの真空下で0.01Kcal／
mh℃以下になるなど断熱特性が向上する効果が
あることを見出したものである。また、一般に粒
径の小さい粉末は、そのかさ密度が小さく、非常
に軽量になる効果も有している。
また、フイルム状のプラスチツク容器を使用す
る粉末真空断熱板において、その内部に粒径が小
さく、かさ密度が小さい微粉末を充填し、真空密
封した状態では、フイルム容器の内部と外部との
圧力差（約１気圧）によつてフイルムが内部に強
く吸い寄せられるため、内部の微粉末は約１気圧
の力で圧縮される。その結果、かさ密度は大きく
なり、微粉末粒子間の空隙間距離は短かくなる。
したがつて、0.1〜1Torr程度の粗い真空度にお
いても空気の熱伝達成分はほとんど無視できるほ
ど小さくなり、見かけの熱伝導率が小さくなると
いう効果がある。
また、内部の粉末として大きな粒径の粉末を使
用したときには、そのフイルムが破れたり、また
部分的に薄くなつて空気が透過しやすくなり、内
部の真空度が粗くなり熱伝導率が悪化する欠点が
ある。これに対して1μｍより小さな粒径の微粉
末を使用すると、このようなフイルムの劣化現象
が全く除去されるという効果がある。
本発明において、シリカ、含水珪酸、炭酸カル
シウムなどの微粉末が使用可能であり、望ましく
は平均粒子径0.5μｍ以下の超微粒子の使用によつ
て優れた効果を得ることできる。
なお、粉末の粒子径が1μｍ以下の微粒子の場
合、これらの微粒子（単粒子という）が凝集し
て、２次凝集粉末となることがあるが、本発明に
おいては単粒子の粒径が1μｍ以下であれば使用
可能であり、また、1μｍ以下の単粒子が凝集し
た1μｍ以上の２次凝集粉末を使用しても、その
効果にはなんら変わりない。
フイルム状のプラスチツク容器としては、特に
材質についての制限がないが、たとえばポリエチ
レン、ナイロン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエ
ステル、ポリ塩化ビニリデンなどの単層フイルム
あるいはラミネートフイルムなどが使用可能であ
るが、望ましくは、気体透過性の少ないフイルム
の使用によつて、また、破壊強度の強いフイルム
の使用によつてより優れた効果を得ることができ
る。
以下に本発明を実施例にもとづいてさらに詳し
く説明する。
実施例 １
平均単粒子径0.01μｍ（２次凝集粉末径1μｍ）
かさ密度0.05ｇ／cm3のシリカ粉末FS−Ｔ（FS−Ｔ
は試料番号を示す）300ｇをポリエステル・ポリ
ビニルアルコール・ポリエチレンよりなる三層ラ
ミネートフイルム袋の中に充填し、その内部の真
空度がそれぞれ0.1Torr、0.5Torr、1Torrおよび
5Torrの状態にして、そのフイルム袋の開放部を
熱シール器を用いて融着密封することにより、厚
さ３cm、横幅20cm、縦幅20cmのそれぞれの断熱板
を得た。得られた粉末真空断熱板はいずれも、フ
イルム容器が内部の粉末を強く圧縮している状態
となり、板状形状を保持していた。
得られたそれぞれの断熱板の初期および20日間
経過後の、13℃と34℃の温度差における熱伝導率
をダイナミツク社のＫ−マチツク熱伝導率測定装
置を用いて測定した結果を第１表に示した。
Conventionally, glass fiber, rock wool, foamed polyurethane, foamed polystyrene, and the like have been used as ordinary heat-retaining and cold-retaining insulation materials. Glass fiber and rock wool have good heat resistance, but their thermal conductivity is
It is 0.03 to 0.05 Kcal/mh℃, and the insulation effect is not very good. Furthermore, foamed resins such as foamed polyurethane and foamed polystyrene are commonly used as low-temperature cold insulation materials for refrigerators and the like, and their thermal conductivity at 24°C reaches 0.015 to 0.03 Kcal/mh°C. However, it is not easy to improve the heat insulation properties of these materials beyond the above values. Furthermore, as a method of keeping liquefied petroleum gas tanks and liquid nitrogen tanks cool, there is a known insulation method in which the tank containers are doubled and the gap between them is vacuum filled with powder such as perlite powder, but in this case, temperatures higher than 0.01 Torr A vacuum is required, and it is not industrially easy to achieve this degree of vacuum, and the container must be made of a strong material such as an iron plate that can withstand high vacuum. It is necessary to compress and pack densely, but the production method has disadvantages such as the difficulty of high-density packing, which is very disadvantageous from an industrial perspective. The present invention eliminates the above drawbacks and improves thermal conductivity.
It is smaller than 0.01Kcal/mh℃, has excellent insulation effect, does not require a vacuum higher than 0.01Torr, which is industrially difficult, and can be easily manufactured at an industrially easy vacuum of about 0.1 to 1Torr, and can be used for manufacturing iron plates, etc. The purpose is to provide a lightweight powder vacuum insulation board without using strong and heavy materials. Its unique feature is that a film-like plastic container is filled with fine particles of silica powder, hydrated silicic acid powder, or calcium carbonate powder with a single particle diameter of 1 μm or less, and the container is evacuated to a vacuum. Generally, the thermal conductivity when powder is filled in a container kept in vacuum varies depending on the degree of vacuum, but when using pearlite powder (average particle size 150 μm), which is known for powder vacuum insulation, 0.5Torr
Under vacuum, the thermal conductivity at 24℃ is
It is 0.02Kcal/mh℃. On the other hand, as a result of various studies, we have found that by using fine particles with a smaller single particle size, the thermal conductivity under the same degree of vacuum can be further improved. In particular, in the case of fine particles with an average particle size of 1 μm or less, the thermal conductivity is 0.01 Kcal/in a vacuum of 1 Torr.
It has been discovered that the heat insulating properties are improved by reducing the temperature to below mh°C. Furthermore, powders with small particle sizes generally have a small bulk density and have the effect of being extremely lightweight. In addition, in a powder vacuum insulation board that uses a film-like plastic container, when the inside is filled with fine powder with a small particle size and low bulk density and is vacuum-sealed, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the film container is Since the film is strongly attracted to the inside by the pressure (approximately 1 atm), the fine powder inside is compressed by the force of approximately 1 atm. As a result, the bulk density increases and the gap distance between fine powder particles decreases.
Therefore, even at a rough degree of vacuum of about 0.1 to 1 Torr, the heat transfer component of the air becomes negligibly small, resulting in the effect of reducing the apparent thermal conductivity. In addition, when a powder with a large particle size is used as the internal powder, the film may be torn or partially thinned, making it easier for air to pass through, resulting in a rough internal vacuum and poor thermal conductivity. There is. On the other hand, the use of fine powder with a particle size smaller than 1 μm has the effect of completely eliminating such film deterioration phenomena. In the present invention, fine powders of silica, hydrated silicic acid, calcium carbonate, etc. can be used, and excellent effects can be obtained by preferably using ultrafine particles with an average particle diameter of 0.5 μm or less. In addition, in the case of fine particles with a particle size of 1 μm or less, these fine particles (referred to as single particles) may aggregate to form a secondary agglomerated powder, but in the present invention, if the particle size of the single particle is 1 μm or less, Furthermore, even if a secondary agglomerated powder of 1 μm or more in which single particles of 1 μm or less are aggregated is used, the effect will not change at all. There are no particular restrictions on the material of the film-like plastic container, but for example, single-layer films or laminate films made of polyethylene, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyvinylidene chloride, etc. can be used. Better effects can be obtained by using a film with low permeability or a film with high breaking strength. The present invention will be explained in more detail below based on examples. Example 1 Average single particle diameter 0.01 μm (secondary agglomerated powder diameter 1 μm)
Silica powder FS- T (FS-T
(indicates the sample number) was filled into a three-layer laminate film bag made of polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene, and the internal vacuum degree was 0.1 Torr, 0.5 Torr, 1 Torr, and 1 Torr, respectively.
At 5 Torr, the open part of the film bag was fused and sealed using a heat sealer to obtain heat insulating plates each having a thickness of 3 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a width of 20 cm. In each of the obtained powder vacuum insulation plates, the film container was in a state where the powder inside was strongly compressed, and the plate-like shape was maintained. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the thermal conductivity of each obtained insulation board at a temperature difference of 13°C and 34°C at the initial stage and after 20 days using a Dynamik Co., Ltd. K-Matic thermal conductivity measuring device. It was shown to.
【表】
第１表から明らかのように、工業的に容易に得
られる1Torr程度の真空度の断熱板の熱伝導導は
0.005Kcal／mh℃であり、優れた断熱効果を有す
ることが明らかである。
また、20日間経過後の熱伝導率は、それぞれの
試料について、初期値と全く変化が認められず、
フイルム袋の破れや薄くなることによる真空リー
クなどのフイルムの劣化が生じていないことがわ
かる。
さらに上記断熱板の比重は、いずれの試料につ
いても0.2ｇ／cm3であり、初期の粉末のかさ密度
0.05ｇ／cm3と比較して、体積が約４分の１に圧縮
され、空隙間距離が、その分だけ短かくなつてい
る。また鉄製容器などと比べて、非常に軽量であ
つた。
比較例 １
これに対し平均粒子径150μｍのパーライト粉
末270ｇをポリエステル・ポリビニルアルコー
ル・ポリエチレンの三層ラミネートフイルム袋に
充填し、その内部を0.1Torrの真空度にして実施
例１と同じ方法で密封して、厚さ３cm、横幅20
cm、縦幅20cmの板状の断熱板を得た。
得られた断熱板の熱伝導率を測定した結果、13
℃と34℃との温度差において0.018Kcal／mh℃で
あつた。この値は実施例１の平均単粒子径0.01μ
ｍのシリカ粉末を0.1Torrの真空下で使用した場
合と比べて非常に劣ることが明らかであり、また
実施例１のシリカ粉末を1Torrの真空下で使用し
た断熱板と比べても劣つている。
実施例 ２
第２表に示すような、いろいろな平均粒子径を
有する粉末をナイロン・ポリビニルアルコール・
ポリエチレンよりなる三層ラミネートフイルム袋
の中に充填し、それぞれの袋の内部の真空度を
1Torrの状態にした後、そのフイルム袋の開放部
を熱シール器を用いて融着密封することにより、
厚さ３cm、横幅20cm、縦幅20cmのそれぞれの断熱
板を得た。
得られたそれぞれの断熱板の初期および20日間
経過後の、13℃と34℃の温度差における熱伝導率
を測定した結果を第２表に示した。[Table] As is clear from Table 1, the thermal conductivity of a heat insulating board with a degree of vacuum of about 1 Torr, which can be easily obtained industrially, is
It is 0.005Kcal/mh℃, and it is clear that it has an excellent heat insulation effect. In addition, the thermal conductivity after 20 days showed no change from the initial value for each sample.
It can be seen that there is no deterioration of the film such as vacuum leakage due to tearing or thinning of the film bag. Furthermore, the specific gravity of the above heat insulating plate is 0.2 g/cm 3 for all samples, and the bulk density of the initial powder is
Compared to 0.05 g/cm 3 , the volume is compressed to about one-fourth, and the gap distance is shortened by that amount. It was also extremely lightweight compared to iron containers. Comparative Example 1 On the other hand, 270 g of perlite powder with an average particle size of 150 μm was filled into a three-layer laminate film bag made of polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene, and the bag was sealed in the same manner as in Example 1 with a vacuum level of 0.1 Torr. Thickness: 3cm, width: 20cm
A plate-shaped heat insulating board with a length of 20 cm and a vertical width of 20 cm was obtained. As a result of measuring the thermal conductivity of the obtained insulation board, it was found that 13
The temperature difference between ℃ and 34℃ was 0.018 Kcal/mh℃. This value is the average single particle diameter of Example 1, which is 0.01μ.
It is clear that this is very inferior to the case where the silica powder of Example 1 is used under a vacuum of 0.1 Torr, and it is also inferior when compared to the heat insulating board using the silica powder of Example 1 under a vacuum of 1 Torr. . Example 2 Powders with various average particle sizes as shown in Table 2 were mixed with nylon, polyvinyl alcohol,
It is filled into three-layer laminated film bags made of polyethylene, and the vacuum level inside each bag is controlled.
After bringing the temperature to 1 Torr, the open part of the film bag is fused and sealed using a heat sealer.
Each insulation board was obtained with a thickness of 3 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a height of 20 cm. Table 2 shows the results of measuring the thermal conductivity of each obtained heat insulating board at a temperature difference of 13°C and 34°C at the initial stage and after 20 days.
【表】
第２表から明らかのように、単粒子の平均粒径
が1μｍより小さな粉末を使用した断熱板の熱伝
導率は0.01Kcal／mh℃以下であり、また、20日
間経過後の熱伝導率の劣化もほとんどないなど優
れた断熱効果であつた。
これに対し、平均単粒子径が1μｍより大きい
場合には、熱伝導率も0.01Kcal／mh℃以上にな
り、また、20日間経過後の熱伝導率もやや大きく
変化し、フイルム袋の劣化が認められるなど、断
熱効果の劣ることが明らかである。
また、平均単粒子径が1μｍより小さい粉末の
場合には、フイルム容器の中に真空充填密封する
ことにより、体積が約1/3〜1/4に圧縮されて密度
が大きくなり、その分だけ空隙間距離が短かくな
つている。
以上説明したように、本発明は真空に保たれた
フイルム状のプラスチツク容器に単粒子の平均粒
径の小さい粉末が充填されてなる断熱板を提供す
るものであり、熱伝導率が0.01Kcal／mh℃より
小さく断熱効果に優れ、高真空を必要とすること
なく、工業的に容易な0.1〜1Torr程度の真空度
での断熱効果がよく、さらに軽量であるなどの優
れた効果を有するものである。[Table] As is clear from Table 2, the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating board using powder with a single particle average particle size smaller than 1 μm is 0.01 Kcal/mh℃ or less, and the thermal conductivity after 20 days is It had an excellent heat insulating effect with almost no deterioration in conductivity. On the other hand, when the average single particle diameter is larger than 1 μm, the thermal conductivity is 0.01 Kcal/mh℃ or more, and the thermal conductivity after 20 days also changes slightly, causing the film bag to deteriorate. It is clear that the insulation effect is inferior. In addition, in the case of powders with an average single particle diameter of less than 1 μm, by vacuum filling and sealing them in a film container, the volume is compressed to about 1/3 to 1/4 and the density increases. The air gap distance is getting shorter. As explained above, the present invention provides a heat insulating board formed by filling a film-like plastic container kept in a vacuum with powder having a small average particle diameter, and has a thermal conductivity of 0.01 Kcal/ It is smaller than mh℃ and has excellent insulation effects, does not require high vacuum, has excellent insulation effects at industrially easy vacuum degrees of 0.1 to 1 Torr, and is lightweight. be.
Claims (1)
と含水珪酸粉末と炭酸カルシウム粉末より選ばれ
る少なくとも一種以上の、単粒子径が１ミクロン
メータ以下の粉末が充填され、さらに真空排気さ
れてなることを特徴とする断熱板。 ２ 真空度が0.1〜1Torrに真空排気されてなる
ことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の断
熱板。[Scope of Claims] 1 A film-like plastic container is filled with at least one kind of powder selected from silica powder, hydrated silicate powder, and calcium carbonate powder with a single particle diameter of 1 micrometer or less, and is further evacuated. A heat insulating board characterized by: 2. The heat insulating board according to claim 1, which is evacuated to a degree of vacuum of 0.1 to 1 Torr.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56058258A JPH0233917B2 (en) | 1981-04-16 | 1981-04-16 | DANNETSUBAN |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56058258A JPH0233917B2 (en) | 1981-04-16 | 1981-04-16 | DANNETSUBAN |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57173689A JPS57173689A (en) | 1982-10-26 |
| JPH0233917B2 true JPH0233917B2 (en) | 1990-07-31 |
Family
ID=13079123
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56058258A Expired - Lifetime JPH0233917B2 (en) | 1981-04-16 | 1981-04-16 | DANNETSUBAN |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0233917B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63225785A (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1988-09-20 | 株式会社 スイケンテクノロジ− | Assembly manufacture of rocking extensible universal joint |
| JP3792801B2 (en) * | 1996-10-07 | 2006-07-05 | 松下冷機株式会社 | Vacuum insulation |
| TW470837B (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2002-01-01 | Matsushita Refrigeration | Vacuum heat insulator |
-
1981
- 1981-04-16 JP JP56058258A patent/JPH0233917B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57173689A (en) | 1982-10-26 |
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