JPH02266093A - shield tunneling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a closed mechanical shield excavator, and particularly to a large-diameter shield excavator and a shield excavator for irregular cross-section excavation.

(Conventional technology) Conventionally, closed mechanical shield excavators used for general shield construction are equipped with an integrated rotary cutter on the front of the shield that has the same excavation outer diameter as the tunnel diameter, and this is installed inside the machine. It was driven by one set of drive devices. Figures 5 and 6
The one shown in the figure is a typical example. FIG. FIG. 6 shows an example in which the periphery of an I-shaped rotary cutter 60 is supported by a large-diameter bearing 61 and driven by a cutter drive device 62 disposed around the inside of the machine.

In addition, Figures 7 and 8 show that during excavation of tunnels for burying water supply, sewage and power communication cables, it is not necessary to construct a new vertical shaft (by changing the tunnel diameter and continuously constructing a tunnel with a smaller cross section than before). This figure shows an outline of a shield excavator for excavation with a different diameter cross section, which is intended to be constructed with a large diameter shield 70. In this example as well, a center shaft 71 is installed in front of a large diameter shield 70, as shown in FIG. Equipped with a supported integral rotary cutter 72, this is driven by a cutter drive device 73 located in the center of the machine to perform large-diameter excavation.After the large-diameter excavation of the planned section is completed, as shown in Fig. 8. The cutter spoke 74 is cut to reduce the outer diameter of the cutter excavation for small diameter excavation, the cutter drive device 73 is the same as for large diameter excavation, and the small diameter shield hood part 75 provided in advance in the large diameter shield 70 is used. The small diameter shield 78 assembled by connecting the skin plate 77 to the bulkhead 76 is relaunched from inside the large diameter shield 70.
A known technique related to this shield excavator for excavating different diameter cross sections is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-48595.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

The conventional shield tunneling machine mentioned above had the following problems.

(1) When using the center shaft support method shown in Fig. 5 as the cutter support method, the entire torque load of the cutter is concentrated on the center shaft I, and the gear ratio of the drive device cannot be set large. There is a limit to the equipment drive torque, making it difficult to apply to large diameter shields.

(2) The cutter support method using the peripheral support method shown in Figure 6 can disperse the cutter torque load and increase the gear ratio of the drive device, so the equipment drive torque is higher than that of the center shirt I support method. However, since the cutter is in the form of a packet, if it is applied to a pressurized mud shield excavator, the earth and sand in the cutter chamber will rotate together, resulting in the stirring and kneading of the earth and sand into mud. Cannot mix properly.

(3) In large-diameter mud pressurized shield excavators, the cutter rotation speed is limited in order to suppress the increase in cutting resistance at the cutter edge and the wear of the cutter bit. (4) With an integrated cutter, when excavating alternating layers with a large cross section, it is necessary to install a separate stirring device in the center of the cutter chamber to improve the stirring effect. , it is not possible to partially increase the cutter rotational speed for hard soil layers, and the larger the diameter of the shield, the more likely it is that rolling will occur due to cutter cutting torque.

(5) In a shield excavator for excavating different diameter cross sections, all of the drive torque of the cutter is obtained from the drive device located in the center of the machine, so not only is there a limit to the equipment drive torque, but the drive unit occupies a large space. This makes it difficult to arrange the screw conveyor for soil removal inside the machine. Especially after modification to a small-diameter shield, the cutter drive device takes up extra space, including the equipment drive torque for large-diameter excavation, so there is no extra space inside the machine, making the machine difficult to use.

(6) Furthermore, when converting to a small-diameter shield, it is necessary for a worker to go out to the cutting face and cut the cutter in order to reduce the outer diameter of the cutter, which is not desirable from a safety standpoint.

The object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned (
The objective is to solve problems 1) to (4). Another purpose is the above (5) in a shield excavator for excavation with different diameter cross sections.
, The purpose is to solve the problem of (6).

[Means to solve the problem]

- In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, in a closed mechanical shield excavator, divides the rotary cutter on the front of the shield into a circular central cutter and a ring-shaped peripheral cutter, and each cutter is independently operated. It is characterized in that it is separately driven by a drive device.

Here, the cutters on the center side and the outer circumferential side can be rotated synchronously, or can be rotated at different rotation speeds (including reverse rotation). In order to improve the effect of stirring the earth and sand in the cutter chamber, each cutter should be able to rotate at different rotation speeds, and a stirring rod should be protruded from the center cutter into the outer cutter chamber. good.

In addition, in order to achieve the above-mentioned other objects, the present invention provides a sealed mechanical type shield excavator for excavation with different diameter cross sections, which is capable of launching a small diameter shield from inside a large diameter shield in order to change the tunnel diameter during excavation. In this method, the rotary cutter on the front of the shield is divided into a circular central cutter with an outer diameter for small-diameter excavation and a ring-shaped outer cutter with an outer diameter for large-diameter excavation. It is characterized in that it is separately driven by a drive device.

Here, the clearance portion between the center cutter and the outer cutter is preferably excavated using a cutter bit protruding from the center cutter to the front of the clearance portion, taking into account the movement of the small-diameter shield.

[Effect]

In the shield excavator of the present invention configured as described above, by driving the center cutter and the outer cutter separately by independent drive devices, excavation of other mountains can be performed in the same way as with an integrated cutter. The cutter drive torque can be shared among the drive devices of each cutter.

The rotational speed of the center cutter and outer cutter can be set arbitrarily, and by controlling the cutter drive motor so that each cutter rotates synchronously, each cutter can be driven under the same conditions as the integrated cutter. Alternatively, each cutter can be rotated at an appropriate number of rotations (including reverse rotation) in consideration of stirring of the earth and sand in the chamber. In other words, if a stirring rod is protruded from the center cutter into the outer cutter chamber and each cutter is rotated at a different speed,
To improve the effect of stirring the earth and sand in the cutter chamber on the outer circumferential side, and to increase the effect of stirring the earth and sand near the center of the cutter chamber by rotating the center cutter faster than the cutter on the outer circumferential side by the stirring blades behind the center cutter. You can also do it.

Furthermore, when performing alternating layer excavation with a large-section shield, it is possible to determine which part of the cutter requires high torque based on the drive torque load of each cutter, and if it is on the outer periphery, increase the rotation speed of the cutter on the outer periphery to improve hard soil. It is also possible to suppress rolling caused by cutting torque by adjusting the layers or by rotating the double-force vine in the opposite direction.

In addition, in the shield excavation machine for excavating different diameter cross sections of the present invention, the center cutter having an outer diameter of excavation for small diameter excavation and the outer cutter having an outer diameter of excavation for large diameter excavation are separated by independent drive devices. After being modified to a small-diameter shield, the small-diameter shield is equipped with only the drive torque required by the center-side cutter, and the center-side cutter is driven independently to perform small-diameter excavation.

Furthermore, since the center cutter with the outer diameter of excavation for small-diameter excavation and the outer cutter with the outer diameter of excavation for large-diameter excavation are separated from the beginning, cutter cutting work is not required when remodeling.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a mud pressurized large-diameter shield excavator, which is a type of closed mechanical shield excavator.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical shield hull, on the front of which a circular central cutter 2 and a ring-shaped outer peripheral cutter 3 are arranged.

The center cutter 2 has spokes 6 arranged in the radial direction between a cutter post 4 and an outer ring 5, a cutter pit 7.8 on the front side, and a stirring blade 9 and a stirring rod 10 on the rear side. Cutter boss 4 is attached to center shaft II. Center shaft 11 is bulkhead 1
A central cutter hole 13 is formed between the bulkhead 12 and the central cutter 2 . The center-side force/vine drive device 14 includes a cutter drive motor 15 disposed surrounding the center shaft 11 in the center of the machine, and a gear 1 that transmits cutter drive torque to the center shaft 11.
．． 6.17 and a brane ring 18 that supports the center shaft 11, a radial thrust bearing 19
It consists of

The outer cutter 3 has spokes 22 arranged in the radial direction between an inner ring 20 and an outer ring 21, a cutter bit 23 on the front surface, and a bucket-shaped drum 24 connected to the rear of the outer cutter 3. It has a chamber 25 formed therein, and is supported by a large-diameter hair ring 26 at the periphery of a separate drum 24. The outer cutter drive device 27 is a cutter drive motor 2 disposed around the inside of the machine.
8 and gears 29 and 30 for transmitting the cutter drive l·lux to the outer cutter 3, and a cutter seal 31 is arranged around the bucket-shaped drum 24.

A clearance 32 is provided between the center cutter 2 and the outer cutter 3 in order to prevent the two-sided vines from coming into contact with each other. In this embodiment, excavation of this clearance part is performed by a cutter bit 8 protruding from the center side cutter 2 to the front of the clearance part. A cutter bit for digging may be provided on the outer cutter 3.

33 is a screw container for soil removal, and its mud intake port is provided in the bulkhead 12. 34 is a shield jack, 35 is a segment assembly erector, 36 is a segment, and 37 is a tail seal.

During excavation, the center cutter 2 and the outer cutter 3 are separately driven by independent drive devices 14.27, and the ground in front of each cutter is simultaneously excavated. The excavated earth and sand is taken into the center side force chamber 13 and the outer peripheral side case chamber 25, and is stirred by stirring blades 9 and stirring rods 10. In this embodiment, considering the stirring of the earth and sand in the chamber, the center side force puller 2 is set at the outer periphery (ij
The center side cutter chatter 13 is rotated faster than the ll cutter 3 and is rotated faster than the center cutter 3 by the stirring blade 9 that protrudes behind the center side cutter 2.
In addition to increasing the stirring effect of the soil inside, the stirring rod 10 protruding from the center cutter 2 into the outer force/vine chamber 25 uses the difference in rotational speed of the two force vines to stir the outer force/soil within the vine chamber 25. Stir. If the double blades/vines are rotated in opposite directions, the relative speed will increase and the stirring effect will further increase. In this way, the mud material and excavated soil injected from the mud material injection port (not shown) are sufficiently stirred and kneaded to form mud, and the screw conveyor 33
The earth is removed while maintaining a balance between the earth pressure inside the chamber and the face earth pressure.

As in this embodiment, the center side cutter 2 and the outer peripheral side force/vine 3 are driven separately, and the cutter driving torque is controlled by the drive device 1 of each force/vine.
．． It is clear from the figure that by sharing the load with 4.27, it is possible to obtain a larger equipment drive torque while ensuring sufficient space necessary for the internal arrangement of the screw conhair 33, shield jack 34, etc.

In this example, the center and outer cutters are rotated at different speeds in consideration of agitation of the earth and sand in the chamber, but as mentioned above, each cutter can be rotated at different speeds depending on the type of shield and usage conditions. The cutters can be rotated synchronously or at different speeds as appropriate.

Figures 2 to 4 are diagrams showing other embodiments in which the present invention is applied to a mud pressurized type shield excavator for excavating different diameter cross sections.
The figure shows the state during large-diameter excavation, Fig. 3 shows the state after modification to a small-diameter shield, and Fig. 4 shows a single figure of the small-diameter shield. Parts that are functionally the same as those in Fig. 1 are given the same reference numerals. and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

Reference numeral 40 denotes a large-diameter shield, on the front of which are arranged a circular central cutter 2 having an outer diameter for excavating small diameters and a ring-shaped outer cutter 3 having an outer diameter for excavating large diameters.

The center cutter 2 has substantially the same structure as the center cutter 2 shown in FIG. 1, and is attached to the center shaft 11. At the rear of the center cutter 2, only the stirring blades 9 protruding into the center cutter chamber 13 are provided, and there is no stirring rod 10 projecting into the outer cutter chamber 25 as shown in FIG. The center-side cutter drive device 14 is constructed in the same manner as the center-side cutter drive device 14 shown in FIG. 1, and is attached to the bulkhead 12, which is a small-diameter shield component.

The outer cutter 3 has the same structure as the outer cutter 3 shown in FIG. 1, and is peripherally supported by a large-diameter bearing 26.

The outer cutter drive device 27 is also configured in the same manner as the outer cutter drive device 27 shown in FIG. 1, and is installed around the large diameter shield 40.

A clearance (approximately 50 mm) 32 is provided between the center side cutter 2 and the outer peripheral side cutter 3 in preparation for the start of a small diameter shield 41, which will be described later. This is done using a cutter focus 8 protruding from the cutter 2 to the front of the clearance section.

In this shield excavator for excavating different diameter cross sections, as shown in FIG. Place it retracted inside,
In order to transmit the thrust load and rotational reaction force received by the center-side cutter 2 to the large-diameter shield-side support part set 43 during large-diameter excavation, the foot part 42 is connected to the bulkhead 12 and the support member 43.
It is joined by welding etc. During large-diameter excavation, the center cutter 2 and the outer cutter 3 are separately driven by independent drive devices 1427 to simultaneously excavate the ground in front of each cutter. At this time, by rotating the center cutter 2 faster than the outer cutter 3, the effect of stirring the earth and sand in the center cutter chamber 13 by the stirring blades 9 can be enhanced, as in the embodiment shown in FIG.

After the large-diameter excavation of the planned section is completed, the face is stabilized by chemical injection, etc., and the earth and sand inside the chamber are removed. Then, the hood part 42 is separated from the bulkhead 12 and the support member 43, and the hood part 42 is removed as shown in FIG. The part 42 is pushed forward and joined to the bulkhead 12, and the small diameter shield skin plate 44 is connected to the rear of the hood part 42, and the shield jack 45, erector 46, etc. are arranged in the machine, and the large diameter shield 40 is connected to the bulkhead 12. A small diameter shield 41 is assembled on a starting frame 47 provided inside. And reaction force receiver 4 for relaunch
8 and assemble the small-diameter shield segment 49, the center-side cutter 2 is driven by the center-side cutter drive device 14 built into the small-diameter shield, and the small-diameter shield 4 is assembled.
1 is launched from inside the large-diameter shield 40, and a tunnel with a reduced cross section is continuously constructed.

In this way, in a shield excavator for excavating different diameter cross sections, the rotary cutter installed on the large diameter shield is separated in advance into two types: one on the center side, which has an outer diameter for excavating small diameters, and one on the outer periphery, which has an outer diameter for excavating large diameters. If the cutter is divided into two parts and each cutter is driven by an independent drive device, the equipment drive l/cruise during large-scale excavation can be increased compared to the case where the rotary cutter is integrated, and it can also be used in small-diameter shields. It is clear from the figure that the space occupied by the cutter drive device can be reduced, and that sufficient space can be secured for the arrangement of the screw conveyor 33 and the like inside the machine. Furthermore, there is no need to go out to the face and cut with a cutter during remodeling, and the remodeling work can be carried out safely.

〔Effect of the invention] According to the present invention, there are effects as described below.

(i) Since the drive torque of the center cutter and the outer circumferential cutter can be shared by independent drive devices, it is possible to provide the necessary drive torque for a large-diameter shield while leaving plenty of space inside the machine.

(ii) By rotating the center cutter and the outer cutter synchronously, excavation can be performed under the same conditions as with an integrated cutter, and the cutter wear caused by friction with earth and sand in the clearance area between each cutter, and the clearance is increased. can be prevented.

(iii) The center cutter and the outer cutter can be rotated at different rotation speeds (including reverse rotation), and by providing a stirring bar that protrudes from the center cutter into the outer cutter chamber, the outer cutter The effect of stirring the earth and sand in the cutter chamber can be increased. Furthermore, since the center-side cutter with a smaller excavation outer diameter can be rotated faster than the outer-periphery force/vine, the effect of stirring the earth and sand near the center of the cutter by the stirring blades behind the center-side cutter can be enhanced.

(iv) When performing alternating layer excavation with a large cross-section shield, the cutter rotation speed can be increased in areas that require high torque to cope with hard soil layers, and the double-sided vine can be reversely rotated to reduce cutting torque. It is also possible to suppress rolling.

(v) In a shield excavation machine for excavating different diameter cross sections, the center cutter and the outer circumferential force cutter are separately driven to perform large diameter excavation,
After being modified to a small-diameter shield, by driving only the center cutter alone to perform small-diameter excavation, the equipment drive torque for large-diameter excavation can be increased, and the small-diameter shield can be equipped with only the drive torque for small-diameter excavation. Therefore, the space for the drive part of the small-diameter shield can be reduced, making it possible to create an easy-to-use machine with plenty of space. Furthermore, cutting work with a cutter at the face is no longer necessary during remodeling, making it possible to complete the remodeling work.

(vi) In the shield excavator for excavating different diameter cross sections, excavation of the clearance part between the center cutter and the outer cutter is carried out by force/shitap I projected from the center cutter forward of the clearance part. By doing so, it is possible to eliminate uncut portions of the clearance portion without interfering with the start of the small diameter shield.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a large-diameter shield tunneling machine which is an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 to 4 are views showing shield tunneling machines for excavating different diameter cross sections which are other embodiments of the present invention. Figure 2 is a side sectional view during large-diameter excavation, Figure 3 is a side sectional view after modification to a small-diameter shield, Figure 4 is a side sectional view of the small-diameter shield alone, and Figures 5 and 6 are the conventional one. FIGS. 7 and 8 are side sectional views illustrating an example of a closed type mechanical shield excavator, and are schematic explanatory views of a shield excavator for excavating different diameter cross sections according to the prior art. I... Shield hull, 2... Center (R11 cutlet,
3... Outer circumferential side cutter, 8... Clearance portion excavation bit, 10... Stirring bar, 14... Center side cutter drive device, 25... Outer circumferential side cutter chamber, 27...
Outer peripheral side cutter drive device, 32...Clearance, 40
...Large diameter shield, 41...Small diameter shield

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a closed mechanical shield excavator, the rotary cutter on the front surface of the shield is divided into a circular center cutter and a ring-shaped outer cutter, and each cutter is separated by an independent drive device. A shield excavator characterized by being driven. 2. The shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein the cutters on the center side and the outer circumferential side can be rotated synchronously by independent drive devices. 3. The center and outer cutters can be rotated at different rotational speeds (including reverse rotation) by independent drive devices, and a stirring bar is provided that protrudes from the center cutter into the outer cutter chamber. The shield excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a shield excavator. 4.In order to change the tunnel diameter during excavation, the rotary cutter on the front of the shield is used to launch the small-diameter shield from inside the large-diameter shield. The cutter is divided into a circular central cutter with an outer diameter and a ring-shaped outer cutter with an outer diameter for large-diameter excavation, and each cutter is driven separately by an independent drive device. A shield excavator for excavating different diameter cross sections. 5. The excavation of the clearance part between the center cutter and the outer peripheral cutter is carried out by a cutter bit provided so as to protrude from the center cutter to the front of the clearance part. Shield excavator for excavating different diameter cross sections.