JPH02237329A - Optical space communication equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To allow the equipment to cope with multi-application and to obtain ease of maintenance and mounting and stable performance by designing at least one of both a light transmitter and a light receiver as a unit, and combining plural units. CONSTITUTION:At least one of units 1-9 is designed to be a light transmission unit, the remaining units are designed as light receiver units to constitute the equipment and the same constitution is adopted for a communication opposite party to attain 2-way communication. The position of the light transmission unit is selected optionally among the units 1-9. Since an optical system module 3 and O/E, E/O conversion module 4 are modules of the same standardization, the directivity that the optical axis of transmitted light and received light is identical is not lost. When one light transmission unit is selected and 8 light receiving units are used, 8 same output signals are obtained at the demodulation output of the equipment and the demodulation signal is processed simultaneously. Thus, the reliability and the stability of the communication line are improved.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an optical space communication device or method that performs communication using optical signals propagated in space, and particularly to an optical space communication system that can stably realize various functions. Relating to a device or method.

[Prior Art 1] Conventionally, in an optical space communication system in which communication is performed using optical signals using free space as a transmission path, the transmitted optical signal itself is affected by the state of the atmosphere in the transmission path.

For example, there are fluctuations in the beam position due to long-period vibrations of buildings, irregular changes in the refractive index of the atmosphere, turbulence caused by wind, and fluctuations in received light power (scintillation) due to short-period fluctuations in the atmosphere.

In this way, the quality of the communication line is affected by the atmospheric condition of the transmission path, making it difficult to secure a stable line. Measures are being taken to increase the size of the

In addition, since optical space communication equipment is relatively often installed outdoors, to prevent deterioration of the equipment due to changes in weather conditions, it must be housed in a single, sturdy housing that is completely waterproof. Measures are being taken. Furthermore, since it is difficult to secure a communication line unless the transmitting and receiving devices housed in such a case are accurately opposed to each other, a mechanism for adjusting the angle in the vertical and horizontal directions is attached to such a case. This angle adjustment mechanism is usually attached to the bottom of the device, and as the optical communication distance becomes longer, stricter precision is required.

In addition, in conventional equipment, various electrical and optical performances are defined by certain specifications, and in order to respond to applications other than those specifications, it is necessary to purchase new equipment that meets those specifications. It is necessary to install it.

Furthermore, when a device breaks down, the device is temporarily taken back to the factory, repaired, and adjusted again, and the installation and installation adjustments are performed again.

Conventionally, as mentioned above, the quality of optical communication lines has been ensured,
It supports multiple uses, protects optical space communication equipment, ensures installation accuracy, and maintains it.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the above-mentioned conventional example, since the beam diameter at the light receiving point is widened, only a part of the total power of the beam light enters the lens on the light receiving side. Light reception efficiency deteriorates. On the other hand, if the light-receiving lens is made thicker in order to increase the light-receiving efficiency, the entire light-receiving device will become thicker and heavier, and the angle adjustment mechanism that supports it will also become larger.

Therefore, the entire device including the angle adjustment mechanism becomes thicker and heavier, which increases costs and makes the device difficult for users to handle.Additionally, it is difficult to correct short-term fluctuations in received light power due to scintillation. teeth,
In the electrical system of the O/E (optical to electrical) converter on the light receiving side, low NF (Noise Figure). Although it is necessary to use an automatic gain control amplifier with a high gain and a fast response speed, there are many difficulties in realizing this.

In addition, when repairing the device, it is difficult to repair it at the installation site because it has been waterproofed as mentioned above, and even if it is possible to repair it, the lens system and
It is often necessary to adjust the position of the /E converter or the E/O (electro-optical) converter, so in the end, you have to take the device back to the factory, do it yourself, and make all the adjustments again. Naturally, when reinstalling the device, the angle of the entire device must be adjusted again. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the longer the communication distance, the
Since strict precision is required for angle adjustment, it is difficult for the user to perform maintenance and inspection after installation, and there is also the drawback that the user cannot easily handle it.

Regarding usage patterns of optical space communication equipment, transmission distances range from short distances of several LOm to long distances of several kilometers, and there are two types of transmission signals: analog signals and digital signals, and transmission capacities vary. In the case of analog signal transmission, it ranges from low frequency signals to high frequency signals, such as audio signals to video signals, and in the case of digital signal transmission, it ranges from several Kbps to several 100 Mbps. It covers a wide range with capacities from low speed to high speed.

In order to respond to such a large number of demands, it is possible to have products in a variety of orders, or to provide products with the highest performance and versatility over a wide range, but in either case, costs are high. There are disadvantages such as being uneconomical and increasing the price of the product.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an optical space communication device that can be used for a variety of purposes, is easy to maintain and install, and provides stable performance in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured such that at least one of the light transmitting device and the light receiving device is a single unit, and a plurality of such units can be combined. has been done.

The light transmitting unit and the light receiving unit can be combined in various ways, and each unit may be composed of a plurality of separable functional modules.

The coupling means for combining each unit may be provided on the units themselves, or may be provided on supporting means such as a pedestal that supports the units. The structure of the coupling means can also be such that, when a plurality of units are combined, the optical axes of each unit automatically orient in substantially the same direction.

Effect 1: Since the light transmitting unit and the light receiving unit can be combined in various ways, it is possible to achieve qualitatively and quantitatively diverse functions, and to ensure stable communication.

For example, functions such as bidirectional communication, increase/decrease of light transmitting power, wavelength division multiplexing, fading canceling spatial diversity, wavelength diversity, opposite transmitting, tracking of light receiving communication equipment, etc. may be implemented individually or in appropriate combinations. You can perform multiple tasks at the same time.

Moreover, if each unit is composed of a plurality of functional modules, the above-mentioned functions can be easily and reliably achieved.

Furthermore, if the structure of the coupling means for combining multiple units is devised, the direction of the optical axis to all units 1 can be made in the same direction with no adjustment or only a slight adjustment at the same time as the units are combined. The vertical and horizontal angle adjustment of the unit can also be easily carried out by providing means therefor in the unit or its support means.

[Embodiment] FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows an optical space communication device configured by two-dimensionally combining units 1, and FIGS. The figure is 1 unit 1
shows.

In FIG. 1, a communication device constructed by combining units 1 has a pedestal 2, which is a supporting means, and includes a mechanism for adjusting the angle of the device vertically and horizontally. This angle adjustment mechanism consists of a pedestal component 20 that rotates around the A axis to adjust the angle in the vertical direction, and a pedestal component 20 that rotates around an axis extending in the vertical direction to adjust the angle in the left and right directions. It has a member 21.

In Figures 2 and 3, unit 1 is a module (
Module 3 is an optical system module including a lens system 30, module 4 is an E/O converter in the light transmitting system, and an O/E converter in the light receiver. E/O conversion or O/E conversion module, 5
is a modulation or demodulation module that includes a modulation unit that modulates an input signal in the light transmission system, and a demodulation unit that demodulates the electrical signal converted by the O/E conversion unit into the original signal in the light reception system.

The optical system module 3 includes a light shielding hood 31 for blocking disturbance light such as sunlight, a convex portion 32 formed on the upper surface and serving as a coupling means, and a recess 33 formed on the lower surface and serving as a coupling means.
, a convex portion 34 formed on the right side of FIG. 2 and forming a coupling means;
A recess 35 is formed on the left side in FIG. 2 and serves as a coupling means. The inside of the light-shielding hood 31 is painted black so that incident disturbance light is not diffusely reflected inside the hood. Each part 32, 33, 34, 35 forming the above-mentioned coupling means
are fitted with the lower surface recess, upper surface projection, left side recess, and right side projection of the adjacent units on the upper side, lower side, right side, and left side of the unit 1, respectively, so that the units can be separated from each other. It plays the role of connecting.

The upper surface 36 and the lower surface 37 are precisely plane-processed so that when the units 1 are assembled vertically or horizontally, the direction of the optical axis of each unit 1 is the same within a certain error range. 38a, 38b and side surfaces 39a, 39b of the recess 33 are also machined within appropriate precision.

In addition, the surface 23 of the pedestal 2 on which the unit 1 is mounted and in contact with this
(Fig. 1) is also flat-finished in the same way as the surfaces 36 and 37 described above, and in order to easily connect the pedestal 2 and the unit 1,
The contact surface 23 is provided with a protrusion that serves as the same coupling means as the protrusion 32 described above. The pedestal 2 is further provided with a bifurcated portion 24 that engages with a convex portion 34 on the right side of the unit 1 to more securely fix the unit 1.

Since unit 1 is often installed outdoors in both the light transmitting system and the light receiving system, optical module 3 and E
/O conversion module 4 (light transmission system) or O/E conversion module 4 (light reception system) joint part 40, and E/0 conversion module 4 and modulation module 5 (light transmission system) or O/E conversion module 4 The joint portion 50 between the demodulation module 5 (light receiving system) and the demodulation module 5 (light receiving system) has a completely waterproof structure to prevent water from entering inside.

Furthermore, the joint portion 40 is connected to the optical system module 3 in the light transmission system.
The optical axis and positional relationship between the lens system 30 of the optical system module 3 and the E/O conversion element (not shown) of the E/0 conversion module 4 are determined. Precise processing is applied to the corresponding parts of both modules 3 and 4 so that the optical axis and positional relationship with the O/E conversion element (not shown) automatically match or become predetermined upon joining. ing.

In this way, since unit 1 takes a standardized form,
No matter what kind of optical system module and E/0 or O/E conversion module 4 are joined to form a light transmitting or receiving unit, the optical axis and lens system 30, E/O, or O/E conversion module 4 may be connected to each other. The positional relationship of the E conversion elements never deviates.When combining this standardized unit 1 two-dimensionally or one-dimensionally, since the contact surface 23 of the pedestal 2 is flattened as described above, this surface 23 serves as a reference plane in the horizontal and vertical directions. Unit 1 that is immediately “second” to the contact surface 23
The lower surface concave portion 33 is fitted into the convex portion of the contact surface 23 and the pedestal 2 is assembled.
At this time, the side protrusion 34 of the adjacent unit 1
The side recess 35 serves as a guide when connecting the units.

The convex portion of the contact surface 23 and the side surface 39b of the unit lower surface concave portion 33
are precisely machined as described above, so the horizontal pre-angle of the optical axis of each unit 1 automatically falls within the tolerance range at the same time as the unit is assembled. Further, since the convex portion of the contact surface 23 and the side surface 39a of the unit lower surface concave portion 33 are also precisely machined, the play in the depth direction of each unit 1 can be suppressed within an allowable range. In this way, unit 1 directly above pedestal 2
The optical axes of the two are determined in substantially the same direction.

When further stacking units 1 and 1 on top of these units 1, since the upper surface 36 and lower surface 37 of the unit 1 are flattened as described above, the concave portion 33 of the unit 1 fits into the convex portion 32 of the unit 1. By simply placing the unit 1 in this manner, the optical axis of the unit 1 placed above is determined to be substantially in the same direction as that of the other units 1.

In this manner, when the units 1 are assembled two-dimensionally as shown in FIG. 1, the contact surfaces 23 of the units 1 and the pedestal 2 and the units 1 are fixed, and the optical axes of all the units 1 are aligned in the same direction.

As described above, the pedestal 2 on which the plurality of units 1 are mounted has mechanisms 20 and 21 for adjusting the angle vertically, horizontally, and horizontally, so that the angle of all the units 1 can be adjusted vertically, horizontally, and horizontally while maintaining their mutual relationships.

In this way, when configuring an optical space communication device with a plurality of units 1 and securing a transmission path by optical space communication, each unit
-1. Each of the modules 34 and 5 can be used with different functions depending on the purpose. This will be explained using the configuration example shown in FIG.

For the purpose of explanation, the nine units 1 in FIG. 1 are assigned numbers from ■ to ■ for convenience.

The first example is to configure the device by using at least one of the units 1 from ■ to ■ as a light transmitting unit and the rest as light receiving units, and to install a device with the same configuration on the communication partner side. This allows for two-way communication.

The position of the light transmitting unit can be arbitrarily selected from ■ to ■. The module configuration of the light transmitting unit and the light receiving unit has already been described, but at this time, the optical system module 3 and O/E
, E/0 conversion module 4 is the same standardized module, so the directionality that the optical axes of light transmission and light reception are the same is not lost. Now, assuming that there is one light transmitting unit and eight light receiving units, the demodulated output of this device is 8.
Two identical output signals are obtained. By simultaneously processing (for example, combining) these demodulated signals, the reliability or stability of the communication line can be improved.

For example, if this output is a digital signal, the obtained eight parallel digital data are made into one digital data by, for example, majority decision.

In the case of an analog signal output, for example, a signal with the best S/N is selected from among the eight analog signal outputs, and that signal is used as the output signal. That is, the S/N of the eight analog signals may be constantly monitored, and the signal with the best S/N may be always switched and output.

Further, in the light receiving unit, an amplification module for amplifying the signal obtained by the O/E conversion module 4 may be attached instead of the demodulation module. In this case, a spatial diversity effect can be obtained by combining the eight modulated signals obtained, or by selecting and combining only the high-quality modulated signals and demodulating the sonic signal. .

In this way, even if the beam position of the transmitted light beam or the received light power fluctuates due to atmospheric conditions or other conditions, a stable demodulated signal output can always be obtained, improving the quality of the communication line.

・Similar effects can be obtained even in a configuration in which all of the units 1 from (1) are used as light receiving units to perform one-way communication.

As a second example, pay attention to the following. In other words, when considering the distance of the transmission path and the transmission margin to obtain stable communication line quality, the light transmission power of the light transmission unit can be small for short distances, but needs to be increased as the distance becomes longer. be. 'Therefore, in view of cost performance, it is desirable for the optical space communication device to be able to change the transmitted light power depending on the distance.

Therefore, among the units l from ■ to ■, two or more should be used as light transmitting units, and the number of light transmitting units that transmit the same signal can be increased or decreased depending on the situation to gradually increase or decrease the light transmitting power. is possible. This makes it possible to secure a communication line with stable quality regardless of the distance of the transmission path. In addition, various E/O conversion modules 4 using E/O conversion elements with different optical outputs are installed in each of the plurality of light transmitting units, and the transmission distance between the light transmitting units having different transmitting optical powers is adjusted according to the transmission distance. It is also possible to switch. By combining these two methods, it is also possible to provide even more fine-grained support for transmission distance and transmission margin.

Third, there are two types of input signals on the light transmitting side: analog signals and digital signals, and the format of the optical signal that is modulated from the signal and propagated through the spatial transmission path is analog. In the signal, AM-IM. There are FM-IM, etc., and digital signals include ASK-IM. , FSK-I
Note that there are M, PSK-IM, etc., and baseband-IM, etc., which are common to both signals.

In order to cope with this, the input signal is an analog signal and the modulation method is AM or FM, and a light transmitting unit equipped with various modulation modules 5 or modulation modules 5 mounted with various modulation boards, or the input signal is modulated with a digital signal. The method is ASK
．． Light transmission units equipped with various modulation modules 5 such as FSX%PSK and modulation modules 5 mounted with various modulation boards are prepared on the light transmission side, and between these light transmission units,
Switch as appropriate depending on the purpose and necessity.

Fourthly, in order to simultaneously transmit these various different signals, there is a wavelength division multiplexing transmission system.

In this method, for example, each light transmitting unit is equipped with an E/O conversion module 4 having E/0 converting element parts having different emission wavelengths, and a plurality of light transmitting units having different light emission wavelengths are operated simultaneously. At this time, the optical axis and positional relationship between the optical system module 3 and the E/O conversion module 4 in each light transmitting unit will not change because both are standardized modules.

In this case, on the light receiving side, the 0/E conversion module 4 is equipped with a wavelength selection filter that allows desired wavelengths to pass among the various wavelengths that are sent, and this is combined with the optical system module 3 to accommodate each wavelength. All you need to do is prepare a light receiving unit. Then, by connecting various demodulation modules 5 capable of demodulating the sent modulated signal or demodulation modules 5 mounted with various demodulation boards to the O/E conversion module 4, it is possible to demodulate the original analog signal or digital signal.

In this way, analog signals and digital signals can be modulated using various modulation methods and simultaneously transmitted using wavelength multiplexing.

Fifth, instead of transmitting separate signals in each of the wavelength multiplexing light transmitting units, it is also possible to transmit the same signal at the same time with different wavelengths. In this case, on the light receiving side,
By combining and demodulating the same modulated signals converted by the O/E conversion module 4 of each light receiving unit, it is possible to obtain the effect of wavelength privacy. At this time, since the light receiving units for each wavelength are spaced apart spatially, the effect of spatial viracity can be obtained at the same time.

Sixthly, by using all or a plurality of the units from ■ to ■ as light receiving units and constantly detecting the O/E conversion output levels of these light receiving units, it is possible to detect positional fluctuations in the transmitted light beam. Then, information on this beam position fluctuation is returned to the optical space communication device on the light transmitting side, and by automatically moving the pedestal 2 on which the light transmitting unit is mounted,
Tracking can be performed between optical space communication devices on the light receiving side.

As a means of sending light beam position fluctuation information to the light transmitting side,
In the case of one-way communication, this location change information is digitized and transmitted via a modem using the public telephone network or an in-house dedicated line. Then, the light transmitting side mount 2 is automatically moved based on this digital data. In the case of two-way communication, the positions of the transmitted light beams on both sides often change, so it is necessary to move both frames 2 at the same time. Therefore, as in the case of one-way communication, beam position fluctuation information on both sides can be digitized and transmitted bidirectionally via a modem using two public telephone lines or an in-house private line, or Using a bidirectional optical space communication line, the digital beam position variation information of both sides is transmitted using a wavelength multiplexing method or a frequency multiplexing method, and both mounts 2 are moved by the sent data.

As described above, since the optical communication devices on the transmitting and receiving sides have a unit structure, the functions described above can be achieved, but a plurality of these functions can also be achieved simultaneously. In this way, an optical space communication device having a very wide degree of freedom and high versatility can be realized.

By the way, in the above embodiment, the light transmitting unit 1~ is a combination of an optical system module, an E/O conversion module, and a modulation module, and the light receiving unit 1~ is a combination of an optical system module, an 0/E conversion module, and a modulation module.
It is a combination of a conversion module and a demodulation module.

However, the specifications of the optical space communication device are determined when the device is installed, and it is not often that the specifications are changed while the device is in use, so when considering economic efficiency, maintainability, etc.
The light transmitting unit consists of an optical system module and an E/O conversion module, or an E/0 conversion module and a modulation module, and the light receiving unit has a two-module configuration: an optical system module and an O/E conversion module, or an O/E conversion module and a demodulation module. You can also use it as

In addition, in the above embodiment, when considering the distance of the transmission line and obtaining stable quality of the communication line, it is possible to change the number of light transmitting units or to use E/O conversion elements with different optical outputs. Although use in an E/0 conversion module has been exemplified, it is also possible to use O/E conversion elements with different sensitivities in an O/E conversion module of a light receiving unit. For example, in the case of short-distance communication, PI is used as an O/E conversion element because it is relatively inexpensive and the circuit configuration is simple.
For long-distance communication, a highly sensitive one such as an avalanche diode is used.

As a result, it is possible to provide even finer wood grains that match the desired specifications. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
They can also be arranged dimensionally.

Basically, a configuration of m columns x n stages (m≧1, n≧1) is possible, and m and n may be determined according to specifications.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, when combining the units 1, the units themselves are provided with a connecting means to directly connect the units, but as shown in FIG. However, regarding the vertical stages, each contact surface 26 of the component 25 of the pedestal 2 and the unit 1
A method of combining and separating them is also possible. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the unit 1 can be fixed by each contact surface 28 and the protrusion 29 of the component 27 of the pedestal 2, and the units can be arranged separately.

When configuring such a coupling means, as in the first embodiment,
There is no need to flatten the top surface of the optical system module 3 of the unit 1, and it is sufficient to flatten the surface of the pedestal 2 that contacts the optical system module 3 and the bottom surface of the optical system module 3. Therefore, the burden of processing the optical system module 3 can be reduced, and the convex parts of the optical system module 3 can also be omitted.

Further, in this configuration, since the units 1 are arranged at intervals, it is effective when trying to effectively capture a spreading light beam or when performing spatial virtuosity.

Particularly, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, in addition to the angle adjustment mechanism of the pedestal 2, if each unit 1 is further provided with a fine adjustment mechanism for vertical and horizontal angle adjustment, an effective function can be achieved.

In this way, the installation precision shown on the left is required between the pedestal 2 on which the unit 1 is mounted and the optical system module 3.
The burden of creating the pedestal 2 and the optical system module 3 is reduced.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, in the present invention, the optical space communication device is configured by arranging a plurality of at least one of the light receiving unit and the light transmitting unit. Functions can be performed easily and stably. In this way, it becomes possible to respond very precisely to user specifications.

In addition, if the unit is configured with multiple functional modules that are standardized electrically, optically, and dimensionally, it will be easier to handle the above requirements, and it will also be easier to maintain the equipment after it is installed, and to respond to changes in specifications. It becomes extremely easy.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall view of the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the unit, FIG. 3 is a side view of the unit, and FIG. 4 is an overall view of the second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 5 is a front view of a third embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 6 is a front view of a fourth embodiment of the invention. 1... Unit, 2... Frame, 3...
・Optical system module, 4...O/E or E
/O conversion module, 5... Modulation or demodulation module, 2021, 25, 27... Constituent members of the pedestal, 23, 26, 28... Contact surface of the pedestal, 32.
...Top convex part of optical system module, 33...
Concave portion on the lower surface of the optical system module, 34...Convex portion on the side surface of the optical system module, 35...Four side surfaces of the optical system module

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an optical space communication device that performs communication using optical signals propagated in space, at least one of the light transmitting device and the light receiving device is
1. An optical space communication device configured as a unit and having coupling means provided on at least one of the unit and support means for the unit so that a plurality of the units can be combined. 2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the unit is composed of a plurality of separable functional modules. 3. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of units include both a light transmitting unit and a light receiving unit so that bidirectional communication is possible. 4. The plurality of units include a plurality of light transmitting units,
2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the power of the transmitted light can be increased or decreased in stages. 5. The plurality of units include a plurality of light transmitting units having different transmitting light powers, thereby making it possible to increase or decrease the transmitted light power by switching between the light transmitting units. Communication device. 6. The plurality of units include a plurality of light transmitting units with different light transmitting wavelengths, and wavelength multiplexing is performed by providing a plurality of units having wavelength selection filters corresponding to the respective wavelengths in the optical space communication device on the light receiving side. 2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the communication device is capable of communicating. 7. The plurality of units include a plurality of light receiving units,
2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein a spatial diversity effect can be obtained by simultaneously receiving optical signals propagating in space by the plurality of light receiving units and combining output signals of the respective light receiving units. 8. The plurality of units include a plurality of light transmitting units with different light transmitting wavelengths, and the same signal is input to the plurality of light transmitting units, and the wavelength selection corresponding to each wavelength is sent to the optical space communication device on the light receiving side. By having multiple light-receiving units each having a filter, each light-receiving unit receives the same optical signal of each wavelength, and the output signals of each light-receiving unit are combined to obtain both a wavelength diversity effect and a spatial diversity effect. 2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the communication device enables: 9. The plurality of units include a plurality of light receiving units,
Means is provided for monitoring the light reception level of each of the plurality of light receiving units and detecting a shift in the beam position of the optical signal propagating in the space, thereby transmitting the output signal of the detection means to the optical space communication on the light transmitting side. 2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the communication device is provided with a tracking function that allows automatic position correction on the light transmitting side when returned to the device. 10. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the coupling means is configured such that when a plurality of units are combined, the optical axes of each unit are oriented in substantially the same direction. 11. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of units and the support means has means for adjusting the angle of the unit or the entire optical space communication device vertically and horizontally. 12. The communication device according to claim 1, which is configured to simultaneously obtain a plurality of functions among the functions according to claims 2 to 11.