JPH0211155A - Detection of leakage of hollow yarn membrane device - Google Patents
Detection of leakage of hollow yarn membrane deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0211155A JPH0211155A JP16214088A JP16214088A JPH0211155A JP H0211155 A JPH0211155 A JP H0211155A JP 16214088 A JP16214088 A JP 16214088A JP 16214088 A JP16214088 A JP 16214088A JP H0211155 A JPH0211155 A JP H0211155A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- contact angle
- leak
- detection method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は中空糸膜装置のリーク検出方法に係り、特に中
空糸膜の内側あるいは外側に血液等の体液を流通させる
中空糸膜装置における体液の漏れ状態を検出するリーク
検出方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for detecting leakage in a hollow fiber membrane device, and particularly relates to a method for detecting leakage in a hollow fiber membrane device in which body fluids such as blood flow inside or outside the hollow fiber membrane. The present invention relates to a leak detection method for detecting a leak state.
［従来の技術］
一般に、人工肺、人工腎臓等の人工装置にあっては、中
空糸の膜が使用され、該中空糸膜の内側あるいは外側に
血液等の体液を流通させてガス交換等の処理を行ってい
る。[Prior Art] In general, hollow fiber membranes are used in artificial devices such as artificial lungs and artificial kidneys, and body fluids such as blood are passed inside or outside of the hollow fiber membranes to facilitate gas exchange, etc. Processing is in progress.
ところで、このような人工装置例えば人工肺において、
中空糸膜にピンホールがあると血液の漏れが生じ、また
、装置組立前の中空糸膜にピンホールがなくても、組立
時に中空糸膜が破損したり切断されたりして、血液の漏
れの原因となることがある。よって、ピンホールの有無
を性格に検出してピンホールのある中空糸膜をガス交換
に使用しないようにボッティング剤等により封止する必
要がある。By the way, in such an artificial device such as an artificial lung,
If there are pinholes in the hollow fiber membrane, blood will leak.Also, even if there are no pinholes in the hollow fiber membrane before device assembly, the hollow fiber membrane may be damaged or cut during assembly, causing blood to leak. It may cause. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately detect the presence or absence of pinholes and seal them with a botting agent or the like so that the hollow fiber membranes with pinholes are not used for gas exchange.
従来、このような血液の漏れ状態を検出する方法として
は、次のようなものがある。（１）中空糸膜の内側に蒸
留水を充填した後、加圧して中空糸膜の外側に漏れてく
る水の有無、あるいは圧力の減衰の状態により漏れの有
無を確認する方法（向加圧リーク検査）、（２）中空糸
膜の外側に蒸留水を充填した後、加圧して中空糸膜の内
側に漏れてくる水の有無、あるいは圧力の減衰の状態に
より洩れの有無を確認する方法（外加圧リーク検査）。Conventionally, there are the following methods for detecting such a blood leakage state. (1) After filling the inside of the hollow fiber membrane with distilled water, pressure is applied and the presence or absence of water leaking to the outside of the hollow fiber membrane is checked, or the presence or absence of leakage is checked by the state of pressure attenuation. (2) After filling the outside of the hollow fiber membrane with distilled water, pressure is applied to check whether there is water leaking into the inside of the hollow fiber membrane or whether there is a leak by checking the state of pressure attenuation. (External pressure leak inspection).
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
上述のように従来のリーク検査方法では、蒸留水を検査
液として使用していた。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] As described above, in the conventional leak test method, distilled water is used as the test liquid.
しかしながら、この蒸留水は実際に中空糸膜の内外を流
通する血液とはその組成及び性質が異なるため、従来の
方法では十分な検査精度が得られなかった。However, this distilled water has a different composition and properties from blood that actually flows inside and outside the hollow fiber membrane, so conventional methods have not been able to obtain sufficient testing accuracy.
従来の方法でリーク検査の精度を向上させようとした場
合、検査液を現行の蒸留水のままとすると、残る手段は
圧力減衰の検出精度の向上と加圧条件の強化ということ
になる。しかし、減衰圧力の検出精度については、配管
設備の管理が困難である等の問題があり、実現が難しく
、また加圧条件を強化すると、中空糸膜自体の破壊試験
になりかねないということから、以上２つの方法によっ
てはリーク検査精度の向上は期待できなかった。If an attempt is made to improve the accuracy of leak testing using conventional methods, and the current test liquid is distilled water, the only remaining methods are to improve the detection accuracy of pressure attenuation and strengthen the pressurization conditions. However, the detection accuracy of the damping pressure is difficult to achieve due to problems such as difficulty in managing piping equipment, and increasing the pressurization conditions may result in a destructive test of the hollow fiber membrane itself. However, it was not possible to expect an improvement in leak test accuracy depending on the above two methods.
本発明は上記実情に鑑みてなされてもので、その目的は
、圧力減衰の検出精度の向上や加圧条件の強化を図るこ
とな（、検出精度を向上させることのできる中空糸膜装
置のリーク検出方法を提供することにある。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to improve the detection accuracy of pressure attenuation and to strengthen the pressurization conditions. The object of the present invention is to provide a detection method.
［課題を解決するための手段］
上記従来の課題を解決するための本発明の中空糸膜装置
のリーク検出方法は、中空糸膜が収納され、該中空糸膜
の内側あるいは外側を体液が流通する中空糸膜装置のリ
ーク検出方法において、前記中空糸膜に対する接触角が
前記体液の前記中空糸膜に対する接触角と実質的に同一
である検査液を前記中空糸膜の内側あるいは外側に流通
させて当該装置のリーク状態を検出することを特徴とす
る。[Means for Solving the Problems] A leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems includes a method in which a hollow fiber membrane is housed, and a body fluid is circulated inside or outside the hollow fiber membrane. In the leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device, a test liquid having a contact angle with the hollow fiber membrane that is substantially the same as a contact angle of the body fluid with the hollow fiber membrane is passed inside or outside the hollow fiber membrane. It is characterized by detecting a leak state of the device.
［作用］
上記のように本発明では、検査液の中空糸膜に対する接
触角を血液等の体液の中空糸膜に対する接触角と同程度
としたことにより、実際の使用状況に近い状態でリーク
検査を行うことができる。[Function] As described above, in the present invention, the contact angle of the test solution with the hollow fiber membrane is made similar to the contact angle of the hollow fiber membrane with body fluids such as blood, so that leak tests can be performed under conditions close to actual usage conditions. It can be performed.
［実施例］ 以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照しながら説明する。[Example] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明の一実施例に係る中空糸膜装置のリーク
検査方法を示すものである。FIG. 1 shows a leak testing method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
図中、■は被検査対象となる中空糸膜装置、例えば人工
肺に用いられる多孔質の中空糸膜１ａの束を示している
。中空糸膜１ａは例えばポリプロピレンにより形成され
ている。上記人工肺は例えば中空糸膜１ａの内側に血液
が流通し、該中空糸膜１ａの外側を流通する酸素含有ガ
スとの間でガス変換を行うものである。中空糸膜束ｌは
、その−端部がチューブ２の一端に拘束部３を介して連
結されるとともに、他端部が拘束部４を介してめくらチ
１−ブ５に連結される。また、チューブ２の拘束部３の
近傍には圧力計６が連結されている。In the figure, ■ indicates a bundle of porous hollow fiber membranes 1a used in a hollow fiber membrane device to be inspected, such as an oxygenator. The hollow fiber membrane 1a is made of polypropylene, for example. In the artificial lung, for example, blood flows inside the hollow fiber membrane 1a, and gas exchange is performed between the blood and the oxygen-containing gas flowing outside the hollow fiber membrane 1a. The hollow fiber membrane bundle 1 has one end connected to one end of the tube 2 via a restraint part 3, and the other end connected to a blind tube 15 through a restraint part 4. Further, a pressure gauge 6 is connected to the tube 2 near the restraining portion 3 .
本実施例では上記人工肺の血液リーク検査を行うために
、次のような向加圧リーク方式を採用している。すなわ
ち、各中空糸膜１ａの内側に、検査液として血液の中空
糸膜１ａに対する接触角と実質的に同一の接触角をもつ
アルコール水溶液を充填した後、チューブ２を介して加
圧して圧力計６により圧力の減衰状態を測定するととも
に、漏れてくる水滴の有無を確認するものである。ここ
で、水滴の漏れの有無は目視により行われる。なお、上
記接触角は、検査液が水平な板の上にのったときの液滴
と板との接点での液滴の接線と板とのなす内角を示し、
検査液の濡れ性及び表面張力の度合を示すものである・
。In this embodiment, in order to perform the blood leak test of the artificial lung, the following pressurized leak method is adopted. That is, after filling the inside of each hollow fiber membrane 1a with an alcohol aqueous solution having substantially the same contact angle as the contact angle of blood with the hollow fiber membrane 1a as a test liquid, it is pressurized through the tube 2 and measured with a pressure gauge. 6 to measure the state of pressure attenuation and to confirm the presence or absence of leaking water droplets. Here, the presence or absence of water droplet leakage is visually checked. In addition, the above-mentioned contact angle indicates the internal angle formed by the tangent line of the droplet and the plate at the point of contact between the droplet and the plate when the test liquid is placed on the horizontal plate,
Indicates the degree of wettability and surface tension of the test liquid.
.
なお、人工肺が中空糸１１Ｊｉｌａの外側に血液を流通
させるものであれば、外加圧リーク方式により上記アル
コール水溶液を中空糸膜１ａの外側に充填して加圧し、
中空糸膜１ａの内側に漏れてくる水滴の有無を確認する
。なお、この場合の水滴の有無は中空糸膜１ａを切断し
、そのスライス面で確認する。Note that if the oxygenator is one that allows blood to flow outside the hollow fiber membrane 11Jila, the alcohol aqueous solution is filled and pressurized outside the hollow fiber membrane 1a using an external pressurized leak method.
Check for the presence of water droplets leaking inside the hollow fiber membrane 1a. In this case, the presence or absence of water droplets is checked by cutting the hollow fiber membrane 1a and checking the sliced surface thereof.
前述した従来の向加圧方式及び外加圧方式のリーク検査
は、共に中空糸膜のピンホール箇所に加圧した検査液を
漏れさせることによりピンホールの有無を確認している
が、中空糸膜に対する検査液の接触角により漏れの有無
、様子に違いが生じてくる。つまり、接触角が大きい、
すなわち濡れ性及び表面張力が強いと漏れにくくなり、
接触角が小さい、すなわち濡れ性及び表面張力が弱いと
漏れやすくなる。一方、リーク検査精度としては、当該
中空糸膜装置が使用に耐えるものであるかを判断するの
が目的であり、精度が良すぎて良品を不良にするような
ことがあってはならない。In both the conventional counter pressure method and external pressure method leak tests mentioned above, the presence or absence of pinholes is confirmed by leaking a pressurized test liquid into the pinhole location of the hollow fiber membrane. The presence or absence of leakage and its appearance differ depending on the contact angle of the test liquid against the sample. In other words, the contact angle is large.
In other words, the stronger the wettability and surface tension, the less likely it is to leak.
If the contact angle is small, that is, the wettability and surface tension are weak, leakage is likely to occur. On the other hand, the purpose of leak test accuracy is to determine whether the hollow fiber membrane device is usable, and it must not be so accurate that a good product becomes defective.
したがって、実際の使用に近い状態でリーク検査を行う
ことが望ましい、そこで２本実施例では、検査液を、中
空糸膜１ａに対する接触角が実際に中空糸膜１ａ内を流
通する血液と実質的に同一であるアルコール水溶液とし
たものであり、これにより実際の使用に近い状況でリー
ク検査を行うことができる。また、アルコール水溶液の
濃度を変えることにより接触角を調整して検査精度を操
作することも可能であり、要求される検査精度に応じた
リーク検査もできるものである。Therefore, it is desirable to perform a leak test under conditions close to those in actual use. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the test liquid was tested so that the contact angle with the hollow fiber membrane 1a was substantially equal to that of the blood actually flowing inside the hollow fiber membrane 1a. This is an alcohol aqueous solution that is the same as that used in actual use. Furthermore, it is also possible to control the inspection accuracy by adjusting the contact angle by changing the concentration of the alcohol aqueous solution, and it is also possible to perform a leak inspection according to the required inspection accuracy.
一般に、血液とポリプロピレン製の中空糸膜との接触角
は７８〜８１°であるので、アルコールの種類としては
、成形物及びファイバーに損傷を与えない低級アルコー
ル、例えば エチルアルコル（Ｃ２Ｈ５０Ｈ）が好まし
い。また、その濃度としては、１０〜４０Ｖ％（体積％
）が好ましく、さらに１５Ｖ％が最適である。Generally, the contact angle between blood and a hollow fiber membrane made of polypropylene is 78 to 81 degrees, so the type of alcohol is preferably a lower alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol (C2H50H), which does not damage the molded article or fiber. In addition, its concentration is 10 to 40V% (volume%
) is preferred, and 15V% is optimal.
次に、本発明者は本発明の効果を確認するために、次の
ような実験を行った。Next, the inventor conducted the following experiment in order to confirm the effects of the present invention.
（実験例１）
蒸留水による向加圧リーク検査により水圧０．８Ｋｇ／
ｒｒ？で外表面に水の漏れを認めた中空糸膜を４０本集
めてミニモジュールを作製して、エチルアルコール水溶
液によるリーク検査を同様に行った。エチルアルコール
の濃度は０，１５゜２０．３０Ｖ％とし、加圧条件を０
．４．０．６０．８Ｋｇ／ｒｎ”とした。その結果を表
１に示す。(Experiment example 1) Water pressure 0.8Kg/
rr? A mini module was prepared by collecting 40 hollow fiber membranes in which water leakage was observed on the outer surface, and a leak test using an aqueous ethyl alcohol solution was conducted in the same manner. The concentration of ethyl alcohol was 0.15°20.30V%, and the pressure condition was 0.
．． 4.0.60.8Kg/rn''. The results are shown in Table 1.
圧力減衰については、エチルアルコールの濃度がＯＶ％
の場合に比べて１５．２０．３０Ｖ％の場合は約２倍の
減衰を示している。また、漏れの様子については、エチ
ルアルコールの濃度が１５Ｖ％の場合では蒸留水の場合
と変わりはなく、２０．３０Ｖ％の場合では差がみられ
た。For pressure decay, the concentration of ethyl alcohol is OV%
The case of 15.20.30V% shows about twice the attenuation compared to the case of . Furthermore, regarding the appearance of leakage, when the concentration of ethyl alcohol was 15V%, there was no difference from that of distilled water, and when the concentration of ethyl alcohol was 20.30V%, there was a difference.
なお、中空糸膜１ａにピンホールがある場合、内部に加
圧封入された検査液はリーク箇所より外へ逃げ出すため
、圧力は減衰する。この場合減衰圧力が大きい方がリー
ク検査感度が高いと言える。また、漏れを目視で見つけ
ようとした場合、リーク箇所から多（の検査液が漏れた
方がより有利となる０以上の点から考えて、リーク検査
においては減衰圧力の大きい、またリーク箇所からの漏
れ量が多い方がリーク検査精度が良くなる。Note that if there is a pinhole in the hollow fiber membrane 1a, the pressure is attenuated because the test liquid sealed inside under pressure escapes to the outside from the leak location. In this case, it can be said that the higher the damping pressure, the higher the leak test sensitivity. In addition, when trying to visually detect a leak, it is more advantageous to leak a large amount of test liquid from the leak point. The larger the amount of leakage, the better the leak test accuracy.
（実験例２）
人工肺に使用している中空糸に対する血液の接触角とそ
の接触角と同程度のエチルアルコール水溶液の濃度を知
るために、ヘマトクリット値（凝結度合）が２０．５％
、３１．８％、４１．８％の人血、濃度が０．５，１０
，２０．４０Ｖ％のエチルアルコール水溶液の接触角を
測定したところ第２図に示すようになった。これにより
、人血の接触角とエチルアルコール水溶液の接触角が同
程度となるのは、濃度が１４Ｖ％程度の場合と判明した
。(Experiment Example 2) In order to find out the contact angle of blood with the hollow fiber used in an oxygenator and the concentration of an ethyl alcohol aqueous solution that is comparable to the contact angle, the hematocrit value (degree of coagulation) was 20.5%.
, 31.8%, 41.8% human blood, concentration 0.5,10
, 20.40V% ethyl alcohol aqueous solution was measured and the contact angle was as shown in FIG. As a result, it was found that the contact angle of human blood and the contact angle of an aqueous ethyl alcohol solution are approximately the same when the concentration is approximately 14V%.
［発明の効果］
以上のように本発明の中空糸膜装置のリーク検出方法に
おいては、中空糸膜に対する体液の接触角と実質的に同
一の接触角をもつ検査液を用いるようにしたので、実際
の使用時に近い状況でリーク検査を行うことができ、検
査精度が向上すると共に、該検査液の濃度を調整するこ
とにより検査精度を操作させることも可能となる。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, in the leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device of the present invention, a test liquid having a contact angle that is substantially the same as the contact angle of body fluid with respect to the hollow fiber membrane is used. Leak tests can be performed under conditions close to those of actual use, improving test accuracy, and it is also possible to manipulate test accuracy by adjusting the concentration of the test liquid.
第１図は本発明の一実施例に係る中空糸膜装置のリーク
検査方法を示す断面図、第２図は中空糸膜に対する人血
及び検査水溶液の濃度と接触角との関係を示す特性図で
ある。
１・・・中空糸膜束、 １ａ・・・中空糸膜２・・
・チューブ、
６・・−圧力計FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a leak test method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the concentration and contact angle of human blood and test aqueous solution with respect to the hollow fiber membrane. It is. 1... Hollow fiber membrane bundle, 1a... Hollow fiber membrane 2...
・Tube, 6...-Pressure gauge
Claims (10)
外側を体液が流通する中空糸膜装置のリーク検出方法に
おいて、前記中空糸膜に対する接触角が前記体液の前記
中空糸膜に対する接触角と実質的に同一である検査液を
前記中空糸膜の内側あるいは外側に流通させて当該装置
のリーク状態を検出することを特徴とする中空糸膜装置
のリーク検出方法。(1) In a leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device in which a hollow fiber membrane is housed and a body fluid flows inside or outside the hollow fiber membrane, the contact angle with the hollow fiber membrane is determined by the contact angle of the body fluid with the hollow fiber membrane. A method for detecting a leak in a hollow fiber membrane device, characterized in that the leak state of the device is detected by flowing a test liquid that is substantially the same as that in the hollow fiber membrane inside or outside the hollow fiber membrane.
置のリーク検出方法。(2) The leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to claim 1, wherein the body fluid is blood.
２記載の中空糸膜装置のリーク検出方法。(3) The leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to claim 2, wherein the contact angle of the test liquid is 78 to 81 degrees.
載の中空糸膜装置のリーク検出方法。(4) The leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to claim 3, wherein the test liquid is an alcohol aqueous solution.
求項４記載の中空糸膜装置のリーク検出方法。(5) The leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to claim 4, wherein the alcohol aqueous solution is a lower alcohol.
ある請求項４又は請求項５記載の中空糸膜装置のリーク
検出方法。(6) The leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the concentration of the alcohol aqueous solution is 10 to 40 V%.
求項６記載の中空糸膜装置のリーク検出方法。(7) The leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of the alcohol aqueous solution is 15V%.
１乃至請求項７いずれか記載の中空糸膜装置のリーク検
出方法。(8) The leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hollow fiber membrane is a porous hollow fiber membrane.
項８記載の中空糸膜装置のリーク検出方法。(9) The leak detection method for a hollow fiber membrane device according to claim 8, wherein the material of the hollow fiber membrane is polypropylene.
糸膜との接触角を調節し、当該検査精度を操作する請求
項１乃至請求項９いずれか１つに記載の中空糸膜装置の
リーク検出方法。(10) Leakage in the hollow fiber membrane device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the contact angle with the hollow fiber membrane is adjusted by changing the concentration of the test liquid to manipulate the test accuracy. Detection method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16214088A JPH0211155A (en) | 1988-06-29 | 1988-06-29 | Detection of leakage of hollow yarn membrane device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16214088A JPH0211155A (en) | 1988-06-29 | 1988-06-29 | Detection of leakage of hollow yarn membrane device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0211155A true JPH0211155A (en) | 1990-01-16 |
Family
ID=15748795
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16214088A Pending JPH0211155A (en) | 1988-06-29 | 1988-06-29 | Detection of leakage of hollow yarn membrane device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0211155A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1065575A2 (en) | 1999-06-28 | 2001-01-03 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image forming unit and image forming apparatus using the same |
| WO2013031968A1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-07 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Hollow fiber membrane module inspection method |
-
1988
- 1988-06-29 JP JP16214088A patent/JPH0211155A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1065575A2 (en) | 1999-06-28 | 2001-01-03 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image forming unit and image forming apparatus using the same |
| US6397027B2 (en) | 1999-06-28 | 2002-05-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image forming apparatus having a plurality of image forming units with pivotable subunits |
| US6397016B1 (en) | 1999-06-28 | 2002-05-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image forming apparatus having a plurality of image forming units and translucent toner detection window |
| US6647226B2 (en) | 1999-06-28 | 2003-11-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image forming apparatus having a plurality of image forming units with handles |
| WO2013031968A1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-07 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Hollow fiber membrane module inspection method |
| JP5399568B2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-01-29 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Inspection method for hollow fiber membrane module |
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