JPH0123261B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a machining center, and is particularly used for arranging a large number of small parts on a table for simultaneous machining (multi-piece machining), or for machining plate-shaped workpieces. This machining center is configured to be able to manufacture at low cost a machining center that has both the functions of a vertical machining center, which is effective for machining, and the functions of a horizontal machining center, which is mainly used for box-shaped workpieces.

Conventional technology In a horizontal machining center for machining box goods, the so-called 5-axis machining center automatically changes the direction of the main axis from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, making it possible to process four sides and the top surface.
Machining centers for surface processing already exist. Further, there are already existing vertical and horizontal machining centers that have both a vertical main shaft and a horizontal main shaft, and each of them performs machining in both directions. The purpose of the former is multi-faceted box processing, and it does not have the function of machining multiple short and small parts or machining large-area plates, while the latter has two main shafts and their drive system. This makes the machine expensive. Therefore, there is no vertical machining center or horizontal machining center that can economically process a workpiece regardless of its shape.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention For this reason, in the past, it was necessary to install vertical machining centers to process small parts and flat plate parts, and horizontal machining centers to process box parts, each in a number corresponding to the amount of work. If the ratio of workload between vertically machined workpieces and horizontally machined workpieces changes, one has to be newly installed, while the other has to be left idle. When installing a machining center, it was often difficult to decide which type to select.

Means and Effects for Solving the Problems The present invention has been made to solve these conventional drawbacks, and is a spindle direction indexer that rotates the spindle head of a vertical machining center at an inclination angle of 45 degrees with the spindle. and the rotating axis thereof is placed on a plane formed by two of the work table longitudinal movement axis and the main shaft vertical movement axis, which have the longest movement distance among the three movement axes of the work table. A work index table is provided on the work table, either integrally or separately, and whose pivot axis is the vertical direction of the main shaft, thereby making it possible to create an economical vertical and horizontal machining center.

The present invention will be explained in detail below based on the drawings.

In order to make a vertical and horizontal machining center economical and low-cost, it is first necessary to make the machine as small as possible compared to the size of the workpiece to be machined, and also by adopting a simple structure. be. In machines that perform machining by changing one main axis to both vertical and horizontal directions, the travel distance of two of the three basic axes of the machining center, X, Y, and Z, is expanded compared to conventional vertical and horizontal types. There is a principle that must be followed. Obtaining a machine configuration that minimizes the amount of expansion will result in a machine that has the minimum volume or weight relative to the size of the workpiece, and will be the most economical. Based on this, when considering a structure for machining by changing one spindle to both vertical and horizontal directions, the first thing to consider is the spindle direction index head, which has a simple structure and requires less expansion of the moving axis. It is of the type that turns at an inclination angle. That is, FIG. 2 shows three examples of index heads in the main axis direction, and among the expansion amounts A of the moving axis, a is the largest and b is the smallest among a, b, and c. However, b requires an arc-shaped guide surface, and in order to avoid interference between the workpiece and the guide surface, the guide surface must be made into an arc with a large diameter, resulting in an index head with a complex structure and large volume. The entire machine that supports it ends up being the largest of the three. Therefore, Plan C is the best structure for achieving the purpose of the index head in the main axis direction. Furthermore, in a vertical machining center, as shown in Figure 1, there is a longitudinal movement axis (X-axis) of the table, a lateral movement axis (Y-axis) perpendicular to the X-axis on the horizontal plane, and a vertical movement axis (Z-axis) of the main shaft. axis) 3
Among the directions, the amount of movement of the table in the longitudinal direction (X-axis) is the largest in order to process a long plate-shaped work. Normally, the difference between the amount of movement of this X-axis and the amount of movement of the lateral movement axis (Y-axis) that is perpendicular to the X-axis on the horizontal plane is greater than the value of A in Figure 2 C, that is, the tool length. Therefore, if the pivot axis of the index head in the main axis direction is set within the X-Z plane, the amount of movement must be expanded to make it both vertical and horizontal, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. Of the two axes (X and Z axes), even if the X axis is not enlarged, it is possible to process the entire side and top surface of a cube whose side is the amount of movement of the Y axis.

Embodiment Next, the specific structure will be explained by taking as an example the case where the present invention is applied to a vertical machining center, which is the most widely used type. FIG. 1 is an overall diagram of the structure. The basic vertical machining center is a system in which a work table 2 is driven in both X and Y directions on a bed 1. The work table 2 has a work index table 2a integrally formed within a flat table 2b, which can be divided into angles of at least 90 degrees. The work is placed on the work index table 2a and the flat tables 2b on both sides for small parts and plate-like work.
It is a combination table that can be placed in any position across the entire table. In the illustrated embodiment, the work table 2 has a built-in work index table 2a, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this. In short, it is sufficient that the workpiece can be indexed on the worktable 2 using the vertical direction of the spindle as the pivot axis. It is also possible to perform box processing in the horizontal direction, and to perform vertical processing on a flat table by removing the work index table, which is a separate unit. On the other hand, on the column 3 fixed to the bed 1, a spindle head 4 including a spindle direction index head 5 is guided in the vertical direction Z along its vertical guide surface 3a. As shown in FIG.
The main shaft 7 attached to the swivel head 6 is connected to the drive shaft 8, so that it can be freely rotated along a 45° inclined surface.
It is connected to a rotating shaft 9 having an inclination angle of 45 degrees via a bevel gear, and is configured to be able to rotate around it in a meshed state.
It is placed on the plane formed by the axis. In FIG. 1, 10 is a tool magazine, 11 is a tool changer, and 12 is an operation panel.

Next, the operation will be explained based on FIG.

First, when this machine is used as a vertical machining center, the main axis direction indexing head 5 is indexed from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, so that the main axis 7 is made vertical. As a result, as shown in the figure, the entire surface of the plate-shaped workpiece Wa can be machined from the top, or multiple pieces can be machined, as in a normal vertical machining center. On the other hand, when used as a horizontal machining center, the main axis direction index head 5 is indexed in the vertical direction when performing top surface machining, and in the lateral direction when performing side surface machining. That is, as shown in FIG. 6b, the swing head 6 is rotated 180 degrees around the swing axis 9, and the main shaft 7 is made horizontal. With this, when processing a box-shaped work Wb, the work index table 2a
By using this, it is possible to process four sides of the box-shaped workpiece Wb, and moreover, the amount of movement necessary for indexing from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction is sufficiently secured in the X-axis direction.

Effects of the Invention The present invention replaces the main spindle head of an existing vertical machining center with a 45° inclined index head whose rotation axis lies within the X-Z plane, and adds a work index table to the table. In addition, the vertical machining center has the function of machining the side and top surfaces of a cube whose side length is equal to the amount of Y-axis movement. At least X of the three axes X, Y, and Z
Since the above-mentioned functions are added without increasing the Y-axis movement distance, a vertical and horizontal machining center can be obtained at minimum cost. In addition, by adopting this device that has both vertical and horizontal functions, machine operation and programming work will be reduced by handling the same model, and maintenance and troubleshooting work will also be standardized. benefits will be created.

Although the present invention has been described as an example of an embodiment of a vertical machining center which is most widely used, it is not limited to the above example. Of course, the present invention is also applicable to column travel type and gate type vertical machining centers.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention;
The figures are skeletal explanatory diagrams showing various embodiments of the index head in the main axis direction, FIG.
The figure is a plan view illustrating the amount of Y-axis movement required for machining a workpiece, FIG. 5 is a partially omitted front view showing an embodiment of an index head in the main axis direction, and FIG. 6 is an operation of an embodiment of the present invention. It is a state explanatory diagram. 1: Bed, 2: Work table, 3: Column, 3a: Vertical guide surface, 4: Spindle head, 5: Spindle direction index head, 6: Swivel head,
7; Main shaft, 8; Drive shaft, 9; Swivel axis, T; Tool,
Wa: plate-shaped work, Wb: box-shaped work, 2a: work index table, 2b: flat table.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 In a vertical machining center, the main shaft rotates while gripping the cutting tool, and the main axis direction index head rotates at an angle of inclination of 45 degrees, and the rotating axis has the longer travel distance of the three moving axes of the main shaft and work table. A work index is mounted so as to be located on a plane formed by the work table longitudinal movement axis and the main spindle vertical movement axis, and is integrated with or separate from the work table and whose rotation axis is the main spindle vertical direction. This is a vertical and horizontal machining center that is characterized by the formation of a Tx table.