JPH01164456A - Sorting of several kinds of crushed products - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To recover useful metals effectively from several kinds of crushed products of used household goods, motor cars, etc., by vertically pulsating water to form separated layers for each specific gravity of the crushed product, separating each layer and taking out from an uppermost layer of small specific gravity product one after another by the overflow from the water tank. CONSTITUTION:Crushed products of a shredder such as ores, household goods, motor cars, etc., are charged to a net 8 dipped to a specified depth in a water tank 1. The crushed products are separated into layers in accordance with each specified gravity by the vertical pulsation of water on the net 8, forming multiple layers and separated. Separated grains are discharged in a order from the uppermost grains having smallest specific gravity to succeeding grains having larger specific gravities in a direction perpendicular to the forwarding direction of the crushed products over plural overflow weirs 4 having different height corresponding to each separated layer provided in the water tank 1 along the net 8 by the effect of horizontal water stream in the water tank 1, and crushed products having large specific gravities are transported together with the net 8 and discharged.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for sorting various shredded materials such as shredder-crushed materials from household appliances or used waste such as automobiles, and in particular to an apparatus for the same. A method for sorting various crushed materials, in which various crushed materials are stratified and separated according to specific gravity by downward pulsation of water F, and materials with lighter specific gravity in the upper layer are sequentially separated, and '! ! This is related to the A position.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In general, used waste materials are shredded by a shredder, and the iron contained therein is recovered by a magnetic separation method and reduced as iron scrap for use in iron manufacturing. Items other than iron in such shredder-crushed materials are:
Mainly rubber, plastic, glass, aluminum, zinc,
It is a mixture of lead, copper alloy, stainless steel, etc., but the recovery of metals from this mixture is mainly through manual sorting ("hand selection").
It is called. ). Currently, for mixtures of coarse to fine particles, there is a sorting method in which a fluidized bed is formed with air and media particles with high specific gravity, the mixture is placed in this fluidized bed, and the light specific gravity particles are taken out together with the air, or the mixture is separated. There is a linear motor method, which is a method of sorting using the difference in conductivity of each component.

In addition, as a method for sorting and separating used coal, although it is not a leaf, the crushed coal is placed in a water tank and the water in the tank is pulsated to perform stratified separation according to the size of the fine particles. Sorting is done by extracting and sorting from the lower layer with higher specific gravity.

The problem that the invention seeks to solve This method has the following problems.

That is, in the case of manual selection, the particle size of a mixture of fine particles that can be sorted is at most 50 M or more, and for mixtures with a particle size smaller than that, the dry flow method or linear motor method as described above is used. However, none of these methods has achieved satisfactory sorting accuracy for fine grains of 15 m or less.

As described above, no effective and appropriate sorting method has been developed for fine particles of used waste.

In addition, when using the coal sorting method described above,
A complex device structure is required to extract each layer,
In addition, since each layer is taken out from the bottom, problems occur due to the small amount or mixing of the upper layer, making it unsuitable for picking out each layer with increased sorting accuracy.

The present invention is a method for sorting various types of crushed materials, in which the metal content is sorted out with high sorting efficiency from the fine particle mixture of each scale-crushed material, and accurate separation is performed even for fine particles with a size of 1# or less than 15 m. The purpose is to provide the following.

Means for solving the problem In order to achieve the above purpose, the method of sorting various crushed materials is as follows:
Various crushed objects such as minerals, household goods, and automobiles are continuously placed on a mesh body immersed in a water tank, and the placed crushed objects are subjected to vertical pulsations of water, so that each particle The material is stratified into a plurality of layers according to its specific gravity, and the stratified materials are separated into layers, from the light specific gravity material in the upper layer to the heavy specific gravity material in the lower layer. The method is characterized in that the crushed materials are overflowed in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the materials travel, and the crushed materials are sorted and separated according to their specific gravity.

Function: According to the above method of the present invention, various crushed materials such as rubber, wood chips, plastics, glass, household goods containing various metals, automobiles, minerals, etc. are sorted and separated as follows.

The crushed material is sequentially supplied onto a mesh body immersed in a water tank at a predetermined depth, and pulses are repeatedly applied to the mesh body by a device that pulses the water in the vertical direction. Depending on the true specific gravity of each mineral particle, the upper layer is made of light specific gravity materials such as rubber and plastic, the middle layer is made of intermediate specific gravity materials such as glass and ceramics, and the lower layer is made of high specific gravity materials such as stainless steel containing aluminum and copper. is stratified. The particles separated in this way are transported along the net body to a plurality of overflow weirs provided in the water tank, using the horizontal water flow of the water in the water tank to create overflow weirs with different weir heights corresponding to each layer. The crushed materials are taken out in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the crushed materials by a vortex flow from the upper layer of light specific gravity materials to the middle layer of intermediate specific gravity materials. Each specific gravity substance taken out is dehydrated and recovered. Then, the remaining heavy substances in the lower layer are taken out from the water tank by movement of the net or movement by vibration of the net, and are dehydrated and recovered.

EXAMPLE Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a sorting water tank, which is formed as one U-shaped pipe, 2 is a water supply pipe for sending water to the sorting water tank, and 3 is a network. Chamber 4 is an overflow weir, and water supplied from water supply pipe 2 and passed through lock chamber 3 is overflowed here. 5 is a plunger installed on the water surface of the U-shaped sorting water tank 1 on the opposite side from the lock chamber 3;
is an eccentric wheel for giving vertical movement to the plunger 5, the stroke of the vertical movement is determined by the eccentric distance of the rotation center, and the wave height of the vertical pulsation is given to the water in the sorting water tank 1 by the stroke. It will be done. 7 is a motor, and the number of pulsations of the vertical pulsation of the water is determined by selecting its rotation speed. Usually the wave height is 1
The range is from 2 to 110 m+, and the pulsation number is from 50 to 30
0 r, I), L, and the optimum value is selected depending on the size and specific gravity of the raw material. 8 is a moving net conveyor in the form of a net, which is disposed so as to be immersed in the lock chamber 3 of the sorting water tank 1; 9 is an overflow gutter; Shredder - installed perpendicular to the direction of supply of shredded material and directs shredded material particles washed away by overflow to a screen (not shown). 1o is a water tank that accommodates the half of the U-shaped sorting water tank 1 on the side of the font 3, and in which the return portion of the mobile net conveyor 8 is immersed. 11 is a pulley around which the mobile net conveyor 8 is wound endlessly, and 12 is a belt conveyor for supplying the shredded material to the lock chamber 3 of the sorting water tank 1.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the lock chamber 3 has the movable net conveyor 8 installed at a predetermined depth, and is used for the shredder and the light storage section where the shredded material is stratified and separated. It consists of a second section where specific gravity substances overflow, and a third section where intermediate specific gravity substances overflow.

In these second and third sections, overflow weirs 4 are installed in the part of the sorting water tank 1 in the direction in which the crushed material is supplied, so that the horizontal flow of water overflows according to the layer height of each specific gravity material. It forms a take-out device together with the overflow gutter 9.

As an example of the shredder-shredded material to be sorted, the composition of automobile shredded material is shown in FIG. This is a mixed crushed material in which particles with a particle size of 15 m or less after iron components are removed contain about 50% of metals including aluminum, and about 50% of the light specific gravity of glass salt F, which is the other foreign material. It shows that.

In order to sort and separate such shredder-crushed materials, the shredder-crushed materials are sent to a sorting water tank 1 by a belt conveyor 12, and then supplied to a lock chamber 3 in which a moving net conveyor 8 is immersed. .

In the ward of this lock room 3, the shredder crushed material is
Eccentric wheel 6 rotated by motor 7
The plunger 5 is moved up and down, and the water in the sorting water tank 1 is given vertical pulsation.

By repeating this pulsation, the crushed material on the moving net conveyor 8 is divided into particles of various minerals contained therein, depending on their individual true specific gravity. Materials such as glass and ceramics are formed in an orderly layer, and the lower layer is heavy materials such as aluminum and stainless steel containing copper.

In the take-out device, the various crushed materials stratified and separated in the first section of the lock chamber 3 are moved to the second section of the lock chamber 3 by the movement of the moving net conveyor 8, and in the second section, the crushed materials are The crushed materials overflow in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the crushed materials due to overflow over the overflow weir 4 whose height corresponds to the upper layer of stratification caused by horizontal water flow from the water supply pipe 2 to the sorting water tank 1. It is taken out to the gutter 9. Then, in the third section, intermediate specific gravity materials flow into each overflow [
More than 4 are taken out. In this way, each specific gravity is
It is sent to a screen through an overflow gutter 9, and is recovered after being dehydrated. Finally, heavy materials such as metals remaining in the moving net competition 178 are lifted out of the water a certain distance and dehydrated, as shown in Figure 3, and removed from the machine at the highest pulley 11. It is discharged.

In this way, various scale minerals (those with a particle size of 15 #Im or less) contained in shredder-crushed materials such as household goods or automobiles can be separated by stratified separation.
Since the stratified particles are sorted in each layer starting from the upper layer, in the case of particles with a particle size of 15 m or less from which iron components have been removed, such as those contained in shredded automobiles, as shown in Figure 4, metals including aluminum are separated by 95%. % or more, and other foreign substances can be removed.

Regarding the above-mentioned extraction device, only light specific gravity materials and intermediate specific gravity materials have been explained, but if the material is to be further separated into multiple layers, multiple overflow weirs with heights corresponding to the number of layers may be provided. Of course, this is a good thing.

Furthermore, the stratified and separated crushed materials of various types of crushed materials are moved by the net, but the net may be fixed and vibrate itself to move the heavy specific gravity materials. Of course.

In addition, although the above description deals with shredder-crushed materials, in the case of mixed crushed materials of gangue and metal ore, gangue with a relatively light specific gravity (specific gravity 2.7) and It can be applied at 4° to separate heavy metal ores (copper, lead, zinc, etc. with a specific gravity of -3.5 or more). This can be similarly applied to the case of separating coal and rock from a mixture of coal and rock.

As described in detail of the invention, according to the method for sorting various crushed materials of the present invention, fine particles of 15 mm or less of various crushed materials such as minerals, household goods, automobiles, etc. are immersed in a sorting water tank. The water in the sorting tank is repeatedly pulsated in the vertical direction, and the fine particles are stratified and separated according to their specific gravity. In,
The crushed materials that have been sorted and separated from the upper layer of light specific gravity materials to heavy specific gravity materials can be taken out by the overflow of the water tank in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the crushed materials, so it is possible to crush various metals including aluminum. It has the excellent effect of being able to recover more than 95% of the total amount contained in objects, and enabling efficient recovery of useful metals from various types of waste, such as minerals, household goods, and crushed automobiles. There is.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the apparatus for carrying out the method for sorting various crushed materials according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a second view of the same apparatus. Arrow ■−■
The side view and FIG. 4 are graphs showing the composition of automobile debris with a particle size of 15 m+ or less. 1... Sorting water tank, 3... Lock room, 4... Overflow weir, 5
...Plunger, 8...Moving net conveyor.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) In a method for sorting various types of crushed materials such as minerals, household goods, or automobiles, the various types of crushed materials are continuously placed on a net immersed in a water tank, and the placed crushed materials are The water is pulsated in the vertical direction to cause the particles to be stratified and separated into multiple layers according to their specific gravity, and each particle is separated from the light specific gravity in the upper layer to the heavy specific gravity in the lower layer. A method for sorting various types of crushed materials, characterized in that a horizontal stream of water supplied to the water tank overflows in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the crushed materials, and the crushed materials are sorted and separated according to their specific gravity. (2) In the sorting method according to claim 1, in order to move the high specific gravity crushed materials remaining on the net and take them out, the net is continuously moved to crush the crushed materials. A method for sorting various types of crushed materials, which is characterized by moving the materials. (3) A method for sorting various crushed materials according to claim 1, characterized in that high specific gravity crushed materials on the net are moved by applying vibration to the net. . (4) In the sorting method according to claim 1, the sorting and separation of the various types of crushed materials are provided in parallel to the side surface of the water tank so as to be parallel to the traveling direction of the crushed materials, and A method for sorting various types of crushed materials, characterized in that the method is carried out in a plurality of overflow weirs having heights corresponding to separated stratification.